Comparative assessment of heavy metal accumulation and associated ecological and health risks in citrus orchards under canal and domestic wastewater irrigation
Asma Ashfaq, Rimsha Bashir, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Ahlam Khalofah, Suad AL-Ruzayza · 2026
Read Comparative assessment of heavy metal accumulation and associated ecological and health risks in citrus orchards under canal and domestic wastewater irrigation by Asma Ashfaq, Rimsha Bashir, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Ahlam Khalofah, Suad AL-Ruzayza (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13573427.txt.
Description
Asma Ashfaq, with four colleagues, reports a 2026 field study of heavy metals in citrus groves in Sargodha, Pakistan. The district is famed for top citrus fruit. More groves now water with household wastewater, which can load soil and fruit with hazardous metals and put eaters at risk.
The team sampled irrigation water, soil, and fruit from groves watered by canal and by wastewater, then compared metal build-up between the two. That side-by-side design ties any gap in fruit metal levels to the water source rather than to chance. Health and ecological risk scores turn the lab numbers into plain terms for farmers and officials. The stakes are high on both sides: wastewater saves fresh water in a dry land, yet metals in food can harm over years. The authors aim to show where the trade-off tips.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Asma Ashfaq, Rimsha Bashir, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Ahlam Khalofah, Suad AL-Ruzayza |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 69016 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |