Recent Advances in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon and Biochar for Tetracycline Removal from Water: A Comprehensive Review
Hari Om Singh, Ramesh Vinayagam, Raja Selvaraj · 2026
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Description
Hari Om Singh and colleagues published a 2026 review of plant- and waste-derived carbons for stripping the antibiotic tetracycline out of water. Tetracycline passes through many treatment plants intact, accumulates in waterways, and promotes antimicrobial resistance. Cheap adsorbents made from farm and industrial biomass waste are a countermeasure. The review covers activated carbon and its less processed cousin biochar.
Choice of feedstock, the heating route, chemical or physical activation, and surface changes all shape the pores and chemistry that decide performance. The authors evaluate each lever. They explain the binding mechanisms in play, including aromatic stacking, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, surface binding, and pore filling. They also explain how acidity, salt content, and the drug's chemical form tilt the balance among them. Models infer how the drug travels and binds. The review ends with practical obstacles to wastewater deployment and design guidance for next carbons.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Hari Om Singh, Ramesh Vinayagam, Raja Selvaraj |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 62 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |