A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary Index, referring near five thoufand words to the rules for pronouncing them, is a new and ufeful method of treating the fubjeft : but he fcems, on many occafionsy to have midaken the bed uiage, and to have paid too little alten- t"on to the firfl principles of pronunciation. Tlius I have ventured to give my opinion of my rivals and competitors, and I hope without envy or felf-conceit. Perhaps it would have been policy in mc to have been lilcnt on this head, for fear of putting the publick in mind that others have written on ilie fubjeft as well as myfelf : but this is a narrow po- licy, which, under the colour of tenderncfs to others, is calculated to raife our- felves at their expcnfe. A writer, who is confcious he defcrves the attention of the Publick, (and unlefe he is thus confcious he ought not to write.) muft not only wifti to be compared with thofe who have gone before him, but will pro- mote the comparifon, by informing his readers what others have done, and on what he founds his prctcnfions to a preference ; and if this be done with faimefs and without acrimony, it can be no more inconfiftenc with modefly, than it is with honefty and plain dealing. The work I have to offer on the fubje<5t has, I hope, added fomething to the publick (iock : it not only exhibits the principles of pronunciation on a more fsxtenfive plan than others have done, divides the words into fyllables, nnd marks the founds of the vowels like Dr. Ken rick, fpells the words as they arc pronounced like Mr. Sheridan, and dire And if he r;iimoi pwnt vc lli*»fc JotinJf H bill I a .Li:tie IT' t&d tafle of ! tlian t!jc:i! . tG hiivc li;id a L-orfufcd ic!c;v of ilie tUnind- nti rolemn or fanplhtr ncrjliorts* me ft«ni«- ; and with ft jfci it itiiill be rciy without i. T!ic Eiiglrlh 'MUprcKuiiciation, is cviJefitly ti^ viilcii The accented lyUablcs, by bci: , ^ 1 mitli ^n ihc oftaccciUcd^ have ihdr %'Oweb di citary and c pciccived in ihe ibtlCMl ti PREFACE. found of the 9 tn emotion* ^ of the 0 in ohedtence^ and of the 0 in monument. In the hafty pronunciation of common fpeaking, the em emotion is often fhort- enedy as if fpelt im'ttto-tim; the 0 in obedience fhortened and obfcured, as \£ written uh-he-dlence ; and the 0 in monutnent^ changed into /, as if written mon-nt^ment ; while the deliberate and elegant found of thefe vowels is the long open found they have, when the accent is on them in eqmi^ over\ and unit : butd, when unaccented, feems to have no fuch diverfity ; it has gene- rally a (hort obfcure found, whether ending a fyllable, or clofed by a confonant. Thus the a in able has its definite and diftindl fouiid ; but the fame letter in /o/ » ■ i ■r2 :q jiirt:;idy wutilti be Iccufcd Ml tiieir ^utltft ,niy Jiod *iii;ilngy. :hi$ kind ii ticu ccmfined If' . ciT not (*iu, la [he more minmc pan* > M iMy be calledi whfch do not ftilkc ihi: Mti^ruprictjr m piirtiL^uIar word'*, bm o calif [i i -c. 1 ;iei ^te« a bad inipielliun upon tlic whr4c, y^ r'l n man con verfiiibn t but when di id for th;it purpi^ic i<\ be more dj. c*r faits them i they h.ivc been acttiiV • ud, for w.int ofHrmncfs of pionuiitLt- l»G IS who dr4w the mufcular eicrtJouii of the bunun bii — -^i^^ of anutonay. This is one restion, pcrhnp^, .1 iif fo few people agreeable when they read or Jj ^ 'r. few offend us by ibcir uiterance in common couvtii.v I* lie concealed In » miniaiure^ which n microfcopc I nine's u»Ticw;^rij u i\ ordy Uy pronouncing on ;* hfgcr fc;ilc( iis publtck fpcakuig iBjy bcr^Jkdt liuc we prove the propriety ef our elocution* At, therefore* there miam I eac 4^kmm mames^nhlti enforce .i-Ti • dc b laitgiie p*f IVuphopie, cetre io* puiCintje, ^tii tgit coti- ' £iii« ^prd pour rctyitmUj^ie & fci dvlcuftyrn ct i|iii trJid U et ^ui oQlJet rnlmet arj^aoca^ k m^me idlflme* le» tnlni« t i k mime pronfinciariou* Let caufci dont Ti^ioti o*cft rrrojtiurt Ici plui frirtes iivtc ici tcm*> ijticltjtic fnibki i^uVllsi pi4 ttDc feitJe vnyellci une fcuk diplicHiitij^tie^ une co»naiilc, que rcuphgaic u*oi puilTe d^pafer* ioit r* of ibefe compbititit but maft offeree, that a uriirff • ^^u'liflv, or ttie moll ba^rbaraut l&tigMw^e at Eurtipc. vtd in the very nature of bngiii»|tc, and it one oi iirre^ ; a Iotc of order, atid cl^ utility of regiikryy . \U u~ villalwayf isKJihitii^C^ coeillM itua ferfuiliif wititia m narrow ^tmdi aa fvil^hk. vHi PRE r A C E, there are certain Jcvl.uions from analogy which are not at any^ratc tolerabl ... tliere arc others which only, as It were, tamilh the pronunciation, and make ii Icfs hrilliaut and agreeable. There are few wlio have turned their thoughts on this fubjedt, without obferving that they fometimes pronounce the fame word or fy liable in a different manner ; and as neither of the fe manners offend-. the ear, tliey are at a lofs to which they Ihall give the preference j but as on ; muft neceflarily be more agreeable to the analogy of the language thaa the other, a difplay of thefe analogies, in a DI(flionary of this kind, will imnned-- atclv remove this uncertainty ; and in this view of the variety we fliall difcover a iuuefs in one mode of fp'^.iking, which will give a firmnefs and fecurity t.> our pronunciation, from a conlidence that it is founded on reafon, and the ge- neral tendency of the language. See Principles, No. 530, 547, 551, &c. But, alas ! rcafouing on language, however well founded, may be all over turned by a fingle quotation from Horace : -ufus, " Qijcm penes arbltrium eft, & jus & norma loquendi.'*' This, It muft be owned, is a fuccln(5l way of ending the controverfy ; and, by virtue of this argument, we may become critics in language, witliout the trouble of ftudying it : not that I would be thought, in the mod diftant man- ner, to deny that Cuftom is the fovereign arbiter of language ; far from it. T acknowledge its authority, and know there is no appeal from it. I wifh only to difpute, where this arbiter has not decided ; for, if once Cuftom fpeak out, however abfurdly, I fincerely acquicfce in its featence. But what is this cuftom to which we muft fo implicitly fubmit ? Is it the ufage of the multitude of fpeakers, whether good or bad ? This has never been afferted by the moft fanguinc abettors ot its authority. Is it the ufago of the ftudious infchools and colleges, with thofe of the learned profeffions, or that of thofe who, from their elevated birth or ftation, give laws to the re- finements and elegancies of a court ? To confine propriety to the latter, whicli is too often the cafe, feems an injury to the former ; who, from their very pro- feffion appear to have a natural right to a Ihare, at leaft, in the legiilation of language, if not to an abfolutc fovereignty. The polilhed attendants on a throne arc as apt to depart from fimplicity in language as in drcfs and man- ners ; and noveky, iiiaead of cuftom, is too often the jus £5* norma loquendi of a court. Perhaps an attentive obfervation will lead us to conclude, tliat the ufage, which ought to direft us, is neltlier of thefe we have been enumerating, taken fingly, but a fort of compound ratio of all three. Neither a finical pronun- ciation of the court, nor a pedantick Grscifm of the fchools, will be denominat- ed refpeclable ufage, till a certain number of the general mafs of fpeakers have acknowledged them ; nor will a multitude of common fpeakers authorize any pronunciation which is reprobated by the learned and polite. As thofe founds, therefore, which are the raoft generally received among the learned and polite, as well as tlie bulk of fpeakers, arc the moft legitimate, we may conclude that a majority of two of thefe ftates ought always to concur, in order to conftitute what is called good ufage. But though cuftom, when general, is commonly well underftood, there are fevcral ftates and degrees of it which are exceedingly obfcure and equivocal ; and the only method of knowing the extent of cuftom in thefe cafes, feems to be an infpedtion of thofe Difttonaries which profeffedly treat of pronunciation. We have now fo many works of this kind, that the general current of cuftom, with me nl IC tbtt caikltJ rcadtr to iitjiJce cf err feafimiablr nil t. l2i^ ikwij til ih€ 4k. a*C^ufe the CTTOff •in, * l!il -. !i:i H It: m}.- ' r omcthiflfp Ilk' I>r* Jobnlbnf , v/bnfc iricniil ^ Invc, ;ind whole mtclk" vcncfation iirrU ^uc. i ^r: midia m Mr* ^hcjMtlin*-. f i ■ or iiuljiuus» 1 uf licty J io llur t- .1, til) J a r ■iL L'.,., — ,.;, orSpcakci ^ » , - ,. ,..^, .<, ^..ur,. logic* of Utc kngtiagc a& nuy cfubk e\cry CI of wor^ om^cr, eltit mf nbfenraiititti (»n Mr# SbmtUrt*t istm^ jmbSiOird in Kit hrc-clmcp And ihc f^otid^ fomc tiitiQ " »ic«^r^ti9i» ♦^ - ^'- ._ ' ' / ,v^ rmkiQAni btcTvtnc ;, ercry vn\*xl in th Jt^ n^„.., 4 1^ .^. « JtS ftVi^r 'i/. , C'tf^hiiiy* tmr.^ '■ ne nt mbe proTtauacci widi li d J 11'. . .11 W'c f rccjutn illy hciir UKHi J I fin4 ffK*, i^niUriiy vjooU rc4imi;; in >y Ik re tifnii tlicTitigu-igc AitJthk ..a ^4, the acccntii.inmi ot wliichi av wtU «% die :rr rcf^nccd to twn or dticr (Vmpir rulct ♦ ^ij qtimrhy Tn.iv h i in the -\kCc rit on ill e tl I i rtlt W| afid tlii^ in cvcrjT woid iKroughtiUt the h«TC iifc'O conroorrnta tbUow tJae r/^ iu m €tir*vi*/mf ar % or "Hrrw the confoiiiini tfiat iiiccc*'J\ any other vowel in the 3j«; i>r, kiHf ♦ where the word h not eviticitiljof our *Twa ' ^ j'» « in the (ii ll fyUahlc of a wnrdt having tlie - tendency to lcn;^Th and opeiinrfs a** w;is oh- ' {r. I ftnd it D k - I have never ' ,ts ■ «4iullliis ivum iiD jHtLiiKievI ftgietiiicni 'irf'e arc derive J fnimi fnr| iu ihcfurnicr rill I y ll c Ri of q u ii li ti L y I i'oe adtsptcd iire<5t an LnghiU c:tr whU ccruiuty; ;icelhc nccenion wnrd> we horrt)w from the .,...iblc ai in thofe langw^giis, as tt^r/mrfs, rir9i^^Cf LJmcji adnpt the accent ot the original with etery n\ we derive from it, as aJtJti ity, ^ndJiijf^ ^c. yet voifccl is fo often contTaty to ihat of ihe Latin an4 A itt a rnlo c^ii he d^nvn^ in thih pohtt. fiufri theft kn* '1. in the kuki in fjUcOion In tlic l**dltn ^aumuio^ duhttu^ b n L 1 a r h e F ^ . ^: h ih words cw*rit wi*/i//r ,/, tturmurH t ri^ni ntus^ 3tc vhcre t!te as conli uitly pronounce it fhort in tan v^c tronUcr tlisil a diilcrciit iTio^ saatfut muasuMj it ot>t c(v»bic m tltc uncieiit iuid modem Ungii^ge&t '^^ hi the foEnjeff ti ro tfcr ^ ^H ^Nti: lTintJfj^*«*# ^^^^ i*4iitlf XJ*>» t See Principlci, No. 344j J4J- f »H ] former, two confonants almoft always lengthen the preceding vowel, and in th^ latter as conibntly (hortcn it. Thus, without arguing in a vicious circle, we find, that as a divifion of the generality of words, as they are adlually pronounc- edy gives us the general laws of fyllabication, fo thefe laws, once onderftood, direA us in the divifion of fuch words as we have never heard a^ually pro- nounced, and confequently to the true pronunciation of them. For thefe opcra- tions> like caofe and effe^, TcReh mutually a light on. each other,' and prove* that by nicely obferving the path which cud^m in language has once taken* we can more than guefs at the line Ihe mud keep in a Umilar cafe, where her footiieps are not quite fo difeemibk. So true is the obfervation of Scatiger a Jta omnibus in rebut cfrti/Jima raHone fihi ipfa refpondet natura. Dc caufis Jrftng, Lat. &ufe. » Iflutt U which 1 hope will rrr .uUcle lice Qoticet that ai I hive nude a cDfffnrftiar- SlKriddti. I nin o\k ]i^ '^ i : r Lfi tTTonouticmg Enj^liOii Ik far the •* moft p.1 ihc two liiit I'ovcb, «/ and tr; the (utmct bcmg *^ ^tramtl : Irlih, m in lite wmd bir, in molt word* vhcre a * " t y, by die Eogiiffx. Thus die IrifU lay^ filtTCifi^ , ^ - ^. ^ i^*w Mkg iJi€ iAmc ioxmd a^ iti the word fiihcr t whrl0 the riCHJ0€5e them ;n& if written /^ri^fron, maytrm The following mlct iitciklrt! : — '* "t '' ^^ ; mirt;ikc Through iIk whole Iv ' . ti the Tov i Ir. aiid h.is. the acccm rm It . •• ria^ij-proiloQiKCil k Ld^y 'iit*. To this rylc tl'> .« ** cxccptfom in the whole 1 fouinl in tlic woi. i, ^ xaam£^« The IriQi jim^ ihiak ;l11q the word mlirr aia c^ct ; vt;U as •* fmbrr 7 at5d frr i! wmild sppc.ir to be m th<^ir manner of pn > h ri* vowel a ; bin in the En^li(h pi' rn . : .hcfird fjlkblc, as ttm*, rt^^itVr, wh ^ci •* ' ^ eonffffijifit folbn^it the vowel a m the fainc fyllablc* and the ** J • :ij: n:i::i:tj3,i, the vowel tf hy^s alwiiys its fourth found, at h^l, ** ■' ' ynd kngthcned when it precedes die lei tcr r* m ,t he on the vowel ; ;is likcwife when it precede* ' ',' oraiitof this latter cKCCf J i ii-f y xvere wyiltcn kfnum, . /* I ui ^t mArkcd by diffcfcflt ciui <«r ,.u, in Patil ; ii^y, in Uw ; ^//| tut , in i Uik« 4ec* tlic Irifh make no millake^ eiecpt in dul of /k, ja» be* ',Tcl, f, is for the moH part fotindcd u liy the EngUfTi, wheti *^ '- iti it; whilft the ltt(h tn mofl words give k iIk fcmnd ol 3i€' This found of ^ Tec] ih marked by differ tnt combi- * 'th 2% ea, tit e final mute, ei, and ir. In tlic two laft d L'f the Infb never millTikc i fiich as tn natt^fttm^fieiti^ ' 1 the otherst they 4lmf>ll timverfally change the fouml *' f the combination erf. diey pronounce tlie words /m« ' '.ff^/ay. ^i^yj : inilcad of /!**■, /irf* /^V//L I'he n J tf> ri7 %%'h<' never the accent is on the vowtl r^i ;\ i'far^ to ff^r* toy^r/f ir, tO : ,u(s t!ie f<»yttdof A »n fiiie. For :c>ii5, the gcndcmcn of Ireland, aticr ibmc 1 _ I 4rc apt til fall into the general rule ^ und ** ptoaoimcc ihcfc vords as it Ipdt £i^f/. htr.fi».'rrt kc. C xiv ] •* £i is alfo founded ee by the Englifli, and as k by the Irifli ; thus the word •* de^fffi/, receive^ are pronounced by tlicm as if written dt/atcy rt/ave. Ei is ** always founded fe^ except when a^ follows it, as in the words reign^ fi^g***. *• deigtiy &c.; as alfo in the words rein (of a bridle), rein deer, t^Wxr> drein^ veiit ** heir^ which are pronounced like rain^ vain, drain^ vaif, air, ** The final mute e makes the preceding r in the fame fy liable, when accented , ** have the found of f^, as in the words fuprime, finc^re, repldte. This rule is '* almoft univerfally broken through by the Iri(h, who pronounce all fuch ** words as if written fiiprimc, fmscirc, replite, &c. There are but two excep* '< tions to this rule in the Engliih pronunciation, which are the words there, '* where, ** In the way of marking this found, by a double r, as thus ee^ as the Irifh " never make any miftakes, the beft method for all who want to acquire the *• right pronunciation of thefe fevcral combinations is, to fuppofe that m, «, " and ^, attended by a final mute *^ rily in the pofition of farming the fame ^ in uttering the laiMyUaUe, uniefs it makes a new ** movement, as in the cafe of probruding it ib as to touch the teeth. This letter is fometimcs '' though not efteu« quiefcent, as is the words bandktrthief^ handfime^ bandfti. ^ In prononndng the letter t the Iriih and other Provincials thicken the found* as was be- ** fore mentioned with regard to the d; for Ifttirr^ they fay iettber: for utter , uttlters and fo on *** in all words of that ftru^ure. This faulty manner anfes from the fame ctufe that was ** mentioned as affeAing the fnnnd of the d ; I mean the |nr«truding of the tongue fo as to ^ touch the teeth, and is curable only in the fame way." C xv ] Iriihfrmm Engltjh pron, Iri/h pron» En^Iifly pron, 'cbi'crfol ch^'ful \hx\\h ^ lengthy Icnkth feaxfui f^i'ful ftriiv [^Jlrove) firovc di&T dore driiv {Jrove) di6vc flj<5r flore . t^n'ure U'nurc gipe g^pc ten'ablc tenable gtth'cr (^ii/ir^r) gatli'er wiuth writh beard Mrd writh {luroth) wroth b'lOl b^ll fd'rcwcl fir'wcl beilK biiili rode rod p(lIK piLilh Ihiide flrod ^^\1 pull l]i6ne (hon p^Y^vt pul'pit fliifm {fchifm) zlfm ck\f cilf whd'reforc wh^r'forc k^ch (csKri?') catch th^'refore thdr'tbre coAxCc {coarfg) c6arfe br^rh (^breadth) br^dth courfc ^cour/c ) c6ar{e cowld (fo/^) cold cdun c6urt bowld (WJ) bold inal^'cious malifli'us coffer co'fcr padding padding enda'avour cnddv'ur quo(h {quajb) qu^lh fi'it {foot) Rit l^zh'ur {Uifia^e) W'zhur mifch^'cvous mirchivous cli'mour cldm'mur In 'ion [onion) fin'nyun U^YA {Michael) Mi'kcl pi^t pfit di^th (drought) drout r^illi {reach) r^ach siich {/earth) s^rch fqul'dron fquod'run s6nrce {Jovree) s6rce zdalous zdl'lus c^ihion dudiion zAa'lot zdl'lut ftringth [firef^tb) ftidnkth •• Thefc, after the clofeft attention, are all the words, not included in the rules before laid down, that I have been able to colkdl, in which the well-edu- cated natives of Ireland differ from thofe of England." I (Kail mate no obfcrvations on the accuracy of this lift, but defire my reader to obferve, that the ftrongeft chara(^erift!cs of the pronunciation of Ireland is the rough jarring pronunciation of the letter /2, and the afpiration or rough breathing before all the accented vowels. (For the true found of R^ fee that letter in the Principles, No. 419. ) And for the rough breathing or afpiration of the vowels, the pupil (hould be told not to bring tlie voice fuddenly from ^ brcaft, buc to fpeak, as it were, from the mouth only. It may obferved too, that the natives of Ireland pronounce rtn at the end •f a word fo diftindly as to form^wo feparate fy llables. Thu^florm ^nd farm ^<^em ibiKidcd by them as '\( wrhtcnjfjwrufn, fa-ruTji ; while the linglifh found ™ ' fo foft and {6 dofc to the «, that it fecms pronounced nearly as if writtea A'carlyihe fame obfcr^tions are applicable to Ivi. When thefe letters end a word, they are, in Ireland, pronounced at fuch a diftance, diat helm and realm Haxrad as if written hel-um and real urn ; but in England the / and m are pronounc- ed at ckrfc as poflible, aad fo as to foim but one fy liable. Fo remedy this, it Will be acceiTiiry for the poptl to make a colle fir attaimng ajufi Pronuacialion of Engli/b* 1 HAT pronunciation which diftinguiflies the inhabitants of Scotland Is of a very different kind from that of Ireland, and may be divided into the quan- tity, quality, and accentuation of the vowels. With lefpedt to quantity, it may be obferved^ that the Scotch pronounce almoft all their accented vowels long. Thus, if I am not miftaken, they would pronounce babkf hay-bit ; tepiditee-ptd ;Jittnertfce»ner ; confcloust cont'Jhus ; and fubjeS^fa^'jeQ :^ it is noc pretended, however, that every accented vowel is fo pronounced, but that fuch a pronunciation is very general, and particularly of tjhe /. This vowel is (hort in EngliHi pronunciation, where thp other vowels are long } th«s, «««- JioHf adhefion^ emotion f confufiottt haye the a^ ey o^ and ir, lone ; and in tfae(e inftances the Scotch would pronounce them like the Englifh ; but in tyifion^ declfion^ &c. where the Englifh pronounce the / (hort, the Scotch lengthen this letter by.pronouncing it like ee^ at if the words were written vcf^M, ieceejienj &c. and this peculiarity is untverfal The beft way, therefore) to corred this, will be to madce a colledion of the moft ufual words which have the vowek fliort, and to pronuunce them daily till a habit is formed. See Principles, No. 507. With refpe»a to the quality of the vowels, it may be obierved, that the in- habitants of Scotland are apt to pronounce the a like a'o), where the Englifh give it the flender found : thus Satan^ is pronounced Sanvtan, and fatai^famf' tai. It may be remarked too, that ^e Scotch give this found to the a pre- ceded by Wi according to the general rule< without attending to the exceptions, PrincipleSi No 88 ; and thus, inftcadof making wax^ wa/t^ and twangs rhyme with tax^Jhaftt and hangy they pronounce them fo as to rhyme with ho^^Joft^ and fong. The fhort e in hedsfid^ red*, dec. borders too much upon the Englifh found of ay in had^ lady mad^ &c and the (hort i in bid^ lidy rid^ too much on the Englifh found of r in bedy hd^ red* To<:om6t this error, it would be uTeful to collet the long and fhort founds of thefe vowels, and to pronounce the long ones iirft, and to (horten them by degrees till they are perfedly fhort ; at the fame time pieferving the radical found of the vowel in both, 'llius the correfpondent long founds to the e in bed^fedy tedyzvt badey fade^ rade ; and that of the fhort i \n bid^ iidy riJ^ are beady leady reed; ^nd the former of thefe clafTes will naturally lead the ear to the true found of the latter, the only dtfierence * That this is the general mode of pronottneing thefe wordt in Scotland* isindlfputsble : and it ii highly prohahle that the Scotch have pre&rred the old £nglt(h pronunciation, from tvhich the Englim themfelves have infenfibly departed. Dr. Hicks obfervcd long ago, that the Scotch faxonrffti in tiheir language much more than the Engliih ; and it it fcarcely to be doubted that a fituation nearer to the Continent, and a greater commercial intcrcourfe with other nations, made the Engliih admit of numberlefs changes which never eitended to Scot- land. About the reign of Queen Elisabeth, when the Oreek and Latin langnages were cul* tivated, and the pedantry of mewing an acqnainunce with them became falhionabie, it is not improbable that an alteration in the quantity of many wordi took place ; for as in Latin almoft every vowel before a fingle confonant is fhort, fo in Engliih almoft every vowel in the fame fituation was fuppofed to be long, or our ancef^ors would not have doubled the confonant in the participles of verbs to prevent the preceding vowel from lengthening. But when once this aflredbation of Latinity was adopted, it is no wonder it fhonld extend beyond it when ihc accent I » upon Jr - *ilJ witJi irf|)cd ^c nblcfvcd, that tbr pi whilc thc Engliih* etccfit In ftinc arti 'iet, lay no ftrefs on this word, but protiounce c vr«*.^>%ta i.woor three fylUbles without at^y accent on th& hdk,' "" ♦ * — V^oottnctatibn of rmglc W4>rd«p there is a tone of voice ire accompaniedij tliai diftinguilhcs a native of Ireland ' iKutUriii J.1 much AS an improper found of the kitcri* This is vulgarly, and, " It iVtef tttffffirafi ftrrft only, but tlie kind of tbefs, I thinkt not improperly fcaSlf^ - ■ there is :m afpcnty in tlie Infh diaieft, and a i4»s^ , it of thc Aides or infledtinns they m*ikc ufe of, ^ikay wnhcoQ^cnLC be aihrm^d^ that much of the peculiarity which dh* f^B^itds Sj]c^j> may be t educed to a preJoniinant ufc of one of thcCt > his fufficicnily ftudied the fpeaking v^^ncc to diHinguifh nrnntinriation of an Infhman and a Scotchman who i^T coaniry^ and he will find that tlie former iidjiiii^, .»i*v* Uid latter with the riiiixg Infleifliont ; suid if diis c h * $eetyfttiirf«llf tiitttn^lifierf tit £lciiicni« of Elocution, Val II, ptge £3^ t 0» r«th9 die Hfh^ drtttmlkit For m explinatimi «f thk infi«&i«ni fee Ri^etoriv^ is the cafe, a teacher, if he underftands thefe Aides, ought to direS his inftruc-> tion fo as to remedy, the imperfedion. But as avoiding the wrong, and feizin j the right at tlje fame inftant, is, perhaps, too great a tafk for human powen, t would advife a native of Ireland, who has much of the accent, lo pronounce almoft ajl, his words, and end all his fentences, with the rifiig Aide; and a Scotchman in the fame manner, toufe the falling inflexion ; this will, in fomc meafure, cou^teraft the natural propenfity. and bids fairer fo: bringing the pu- pil to ihat. nearly ecjual mixture of b'th Aides which dillihguiAies the EngliAi fpeakei", than endeavourinj:^ at firft to catch the agreeable variety. For this purpofe the tefe words, and to pnwftife this every day till he pronounces the v properly at firft fight; then, and not till then, let him piurfuc the fame method with the w; which he muft be diie^cd to pronounce by a j>outing out of the lips wi^thont fuflPorinc; them to touch the teeth, llius by giving all the attention to only one of thefe. letters at a time, and fixing by habit the true foiind of that, we (hall at laft find both of them reduced to tiicir proper pronunciation, in a Ihortcr time than by endea- yofiring to reftify them both at once. .... Third Fault. — NotfiuncUng h afitr w. The afpiratei is often funk, particularly in ^e capital, where we flo not find the leaft diftin^ion «^f found between m)hite and wi/r, nuhet and w-'/, where w:\dL w^e^ &c. The b^li method to rcdlify this, is to coHedt all tne words cf d^is defcription from a Didionary, anci write them down ; and inftead of ih wi, to 'begin them with Aoo in a diftin^ fyllable, and fo to pronounce fheni. Thus, let 'arhile be written and f<^unded hc^-ile ; 'wSt'tl hoo tt ; where^ too-are i witp, hoo* ipf Scci This is no more, as Dr. Lowth obferves, than placing the a pirate in its true pofition before the iv, as it is in the Saxon, which the words come from ; where .we may obferve, that though we have altered the orthography of our an* ceftors, we have ftill preferved their pronunciation. FovftTH Fault .r^N^ot founding h where U ought io he founded^ and inverfely. A ftill worfe habit than the laft prevails, chiefly amonjr the people of London, that of finking the h at the beginning of words where it ought to be founded, and of (bunding itt either where it is not feen, or where it ought to be funk. This we not anfrequently hear, efpecially among children, heart pronounced art^ and mi, barm. This is a vice perfeSly fimilar to that of pronouncing the v for the w, and ikkt w for the h^ and requires a fimilar method to corre6t it As there are fo very few words in the language where the initial h is funk, we may felefl tbefe from the reft, and without ietting the pupil right when he mif- pronounces tbefe, or when he prefixes b improperly to other words, we may make htm pronounce all the words where h is founded, till he has almoft forgot there are any words pronounced other wife : then he may go over thofe words to which he improperly prefixes the ^, and thofe where the A is feen but not founded, without any danger of an interchange. As thefe latter words are but few. I fhall fubjoin a catalogue of them for die ufe of the learner : heir^ hrirefs^ berbf berbagff bomfi^ hone^^ boftefllyf honour- honourubUy honourably ^ bofpital^ h'ftler^ honTf bmtr^^ hmnbUf biimblyf bwabUs^ humour^ bumorifi^ humorouSf humoroujly^ btmorfime : humorpme : where we may obferve, that humour and its compounds not only fink die b^ but found the u like the pronoun ym^ or the noun yew^ as if written yewtnour^ yeitmoroiu^ k.c. llius 1 hav^ endeavoured to corred fome of the more glarine errors of my countrymen, who, with all their faults* are (liU upon the whole the beft pro- • Bouncers of the Englifli language : for though the pronunciation of London is certainly erroneous in many words» yet, upon being compared with that of any other'place, it is undoubtedly the beft ; that is, not only the bed by courtefy, and becaufe it happens to be the pronunciation of die capital, but the beft by a better title, that of being more generally received ; or, in other words, though the peo- ple of Londonare erroneous in the pronunciation of many words, the inhabitants - nants, a iharp and flat found ; fharp as in tbin^ bath ; flat as in ihat, nxtith. To acquire a true pronunciation of this difficult combination) it may be prpper to begin with tbofe words where it is initial : and fird, let the pupil protrude :his tongue a little way beyond the teeth, and prefs it between them as if going tp.bite the tip of it ; while this 3s doing, if he wilhcs to pronounce thmt let .him hifs as if to found the letter / y and after the hi&, let him draw back his tongue wilb- m his teeth, and pronounce the prepofition i>, ax)d thus will the word thm be perfedly pronounced. If he would pronounce that^ let him place the tongue between the teeth as before ; and while he is. biffing as to found the letter «, let htm withdraw his tongue into his mouth, and immediately pronouoce the pre- pofition at* To pronounce this combination when final in bath^ let him pro- nounce bof and protrude the tongue beyond the teeth, preffing the tongue "with them, and biffing as if to found // if he would pronounce fufHcient to give fuch Foreigners as underfland French, and have not accefs to a mafter, a confipetenx knowledge of Englifh pronimciation ; but to render .the founds of the 'vqvpclls mar^pd>y figure^ in this Di^ionary ftill more caiiily to be compre- hended*^ witli f^iofc Englifh words which.e^emplify the/ounds of tbe.vowels^ I b^iyt afloclated fuch French words as have vowels exa^ly corresponding to them, auil which immediately convey the true Englifh pronunciation. Thefe (hould be committed to memory, or written xlofwrr and hdd in his hand while the pupil is infpcfting tlie Di^fonary. ' '-'^ • Perhaps the grcatpfl advantage to foreigners and prqvincjals.^will be, de- rived frona the claffification of worda of a fimilar foupd* axuiilr^i/v^g tbe^line between the general rule ^nd the exception. Ibis has been aii arduous tafl^* ; .fast it>is hoped tlie-lieaefit arifing irqm it.wiU amply repay it. 'When the fmmeroasi T^rieties oi founds annexed to vowels, diphthotigs, and confonant^s t xxiif 3 \ Sc fcattercd ^tbo\it \>oii.nds9 a learner is bewildered and diTcouragcd from atiempdng to dii^xiguiili them $ but when they arc all claifed, arranged, and enumevaied, the variety icems lei's, the number fmaller, and the ciiitin»flion caficr. "What an mcxtrlcable labyrinth do the diphthongs ea and ou ibrm as ibcylicloofc m the language ! but clalFed and arranged as we tind them, No. 226, &c. and 3139 Sec. tlie confafion vanilhes, they become much lei's formida- ble, and a learner has it in hts power, by repeating them daily to become maftti of them all in a very little time. The Englilli accent is often an unfurmountable obdacle to foreigners, as the rules for it are fo various, and the exceptions fo numerous ; but let the hi- {^ftoTconfult the article Accent in the Principles, particularly No. 492, 50^, 506, &c. and he ifrill foon perceive how much of our language is regularly aicceniedA^nd how much that which it irregular is facilitated by an enumera- tion of the greater number of exceptions. But fcarcely any method will be fo ufeful for gaining die Englifh accent as ^e reading of verfc. 1 his will naturally lead the ear to the right accentua- tion ; and though a different ptofition of the accent is frequently to be met with In the beginning of a rerfc, there is a fufficient reeularity to render the pro- SK>unemg of werfe a poirerful means of obtaining fuch a dilttn£lion of force and iecbleneis as is commonly called the accent : lor it may be obferved, that a ftsoreigner is no Ids diftinguiihaMe by placing an accent upon certain, words to vfaich the Engliih gfre no (Irefs, than by placing the ftrefs upon a wrong fylla- ble. Thus if a foreigner, when he calls for bread at table, by faying, i>ive mc fime hnadt lays an equal ftrefs upon every word, though every word ihould be prosKmnced with its esad found, we immediately perceive he is not a native. An Eng^ifhman would pronounce thefe four words like two» with the accent on the toil iyUable cf the firft, and on the laft fyllable of the laft, as if written gi^emt tombed; or rather ^/vmir sumlridi or more commonly, though vul- garly, ghmme samdr^. Verfe may fometimes induce a foreigner, as it does IbnKDmes tnjudidous natives, to lay the accent on a fyllable in long words which ought to have none, as in a couplet of Pope's Eifay on Criticilm : ** Faiib eloquence, lika the prifmatic glafs, " Its gaudy colour fprcads on eveiy place/* Here a foreigner would be apt to place an accent on the laft fyllable oF eloquence as well as the firft, which would be certainly wrong ; but this fault is (o tri- iKngV when compared with that of laying the accent on the fecond fyllable, fiat ftalmoft vaniflies from obfervation ; and this mifaccentuation, verfe viH jencrally guard him from. The reading of verfe, therefore, will, if I am ' ^Du'/laken, be found a powerful regulator, both of accent and emphafis. CONTENTS t xxiv 3 CONTENTS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. A. Definitimt of ^raxvelt and cwfimtxtt *...••«••• 5^ Amakfical table of the vvToels . ......•«.. l4 Dipbtbongt and triphthongs enumet-attd v • s, tf Cwipmantt diflingnified 'tni9 clajjes ..•.«•'.«. l8 AnattgUaltabU t/thecMfonauts . . S^ brgattU firm^ion •/ the Utttrt • 51 Of the quantity and qnaiiiyrf tbt v&Vfeis *.•((* Of tbt it^uence of accent on the fiundi •/ th* Utttrt 6> 7^« Utter A an^ i>/ different foundt 7* The Utter "£. and its i^etentjomtds 9S 1 be Utter X and itt different Jinmds / « . I05 TheUtkrOanditedjferentfmnde l6z The Utter ti and its diferentfomndt I71 The vowel Y and itr different foundt . * ^ • I80 71^ fww#/ W and its (Afferent foundt ....*.••.. Z89 0/ tie diphthongs called femi'cnnfonantt X96 Of the diphtkongiAR^M^ XO^aiul ail the r^isttbiirtlphahetkal order . . » I99 Of the founds rf the coifinanU 347 B, voAe* «rir/« .«•.#........ ibld» * C, rli different founds 348 jy^ itt different founds 358 Improperly changed ikto T. Dr, LtrmtVs opinion oftbh change in certain verhty cmjidered amd earreiled ...'... 369 Vy Hi different fnunds • t • • • • • 377 G, iti different founds . .4 379 G alvfys mate before N in the famu fyllahie at the end of a xtford, exemplified in the words impugn, oppugn, propHgn, expugn, impregn, \^e, with the authorities of the m^ r^peSaiU or*- Ji^lP* 3«6 n, whenfonsidedy and when mute 394 J, its uniftrm found '...... 398 K, wlwt founded^ and tohen mute .......... 399 L, when founded, and when mute 4OC M, whenfoundedf and when mute ..>•»•... 407 N, when it has its nafo'guttural found ......... 408 When it has its ringing found in the participial termination ilig • . 419 J^t when fowndedf and when mute « . , . • 41s PH, its uniform Jiund ........... 41% (^ itt different founds f when combined with a 4I4 KfWhen itsfousldit tranjff^ed 416 Whenitis toheprmmmcedrongh^andwhenfmooth . 419 %,itsdifferestt founds y>id. When it u to be pronmmed Dhe Z 43^ When it is to be pronounced lUe fh and sh . . . . ^ » . 43O JSir. Sheridan i error in this point deleted ........ 454. T, its different founds ............ 4J9 Hofw it fides into A in the numerous termination tlou ibid. Why it Jlidet into this found before n, preceded by the atmtt • . ^ . . . 461 Jifr, Sheridan's error id this poisU deteffed . • 46ft TH, C 'rr ] IH^ibiferetifiitmdi • •• . . . No. 4fl^5 iVhmtite\kilfigtd im Utim cmamikikaiim ••.•.. 471 y,itimmf9rmfimii . • ' -473 ViyV:hemJiiai^aad y»i»em/oumdAiki ••«.•• 474^475 X, u exabiyfmilar to lu, ajvJ G^tUe to thefami akeratimi cf found • 479 Mr. SktriiMtg err9r in this f 9int dete£ied . , ' . 4^0 Y, €1 < tfie/iiwiiBt, aW it< dfjfferenf /hmmJs ...... 48a Z, imfrw^lj rfffhed hy Dr. J^nfon into 9 bard lU trmg aamt Izzmrd • • 483 Jti ^Jeroafmnds . " , . . . 484 Of the Natarc of Accent. T%e tmty tnu difuatimk •/ aeeemt . . ^ , 488 Tht (Bgere^ p^itm 9f the Engiifi afceHi ...... 489 Aixtnt «■ ££jUablex . • A • . . • • . • . 491 jyi^jlUkU mtuu amd 9€rkt SJ'ereat fy accented . 4^^ Ji^ctmi M fn^ildUes . . ..••.«. ^oi I^MTti^ dtpndame of the Kt^lifh aecetd m that •/ the Greek and Latin . . 533 AcctjU m pd^jlUUet . . . • . . . . 504 E,miiTt'icai acunt exemplified m tie termitiai/m logy, graphy, l^e* . • 5'3f 5'^ metrm/svy sfsamfLade to cmtfaa the found 0/ tie /imfU « • 5IJ Sesamdary aeceui ^%% *rhff JhorteatMgpvwer rf this accent •..«... 5^/ On Quantity. Thajkaiietdng fovBtr of the focmiditry acemt exemplified in the uncertainty and incenfiflency •/ M£rm SUridam. and Dr» Kenrifk in iheir divifion of wiorde intofyllaifUe. . 5 JO On Syllabication. Sy^Mkicjtim Sferemi aaarding to the Sffet-eni end* te%e attained iy k . 538 &yUaA»ci^jtn exlMting the found ef a wordy defending^ infime wUafurey m the nature ef tha Uttert fnear ta oiBuat ^rmmnciaiim • . ■ , . 54a 72r mim^ tetaltBdependenu of the Enfdifo qvanUiy on that of the Greek and Latin^ exemfljfied iy an fir> mtimt of nto/l of At diJyUakfes in our language derived from the Latin and <^*rf J44 ??r omfy/^fiUr ufe mm vahicB icv can argue from the Latin fuantHy to the Englifo • ibid; DijyMaMei from Ae Samoa cad French language* enumerated .... ibid. C0^ ^tiofrevaitmu offiortemng the firf fyllahU of diffyttakUt from thefe language* • ibid. Of'ihe ^oantiiy of nnmccented fyllahU* on£ng with a yovuel . . 547 - Vmeitaaiy and iM^nJtfi'eney of Dr* Kenrick in his notation of the fkantity of thefe votiel* . ibid. Pncotauay aid kiconfflenfy of Mt' Sheridan ant Dr* Kenrick in marking the quantity of t^^meSi . . • 558 im^tmotothegmeralrwU affrtnaun^AefofifUdhlawhentiefolUxv^iyt . . . 553 lf»er9m^ ^mr h^ arUfS^'J* *• their fyllaiieadon rffoch wprds^ exemplified ty a l^from UifUn^Kimruk^Saait^i"^ ^'TJ ...... 554 PeadlarddkacyafAefimmJoftbffyUiM, . . . - ^ ^ ^ ^ SSS TeaimfifokejiftrUj^ i'^ ^^fi^^^rvyaee^ncem^ifidrnihodiwfitjandheme' fdte^de jSn2i mod eBfbihoetg^i vowdt^ referred io as a key to thtjigurot over the ktiero htkJH^iamMrj " ' • ' ' * • -559 PRINCIPLES C «^ 3 ( PRINCIPLES OF * ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. r. X. HE Firft Principles or Elements of Fronuiict^on are Letters. Tift Utters of the Engtijh language Mrt : Roman. Italick. ^amev A a A a a Bb Bh ' hee C c C c fi^ D4 Dd die £e Et e Ff Ff ej Oe Gg Jie Hb Hh aitch li le tor eye J\ y) . j coxionant, or jay Kk Kk kay LI Li ei Mm Mm em Nn Nn . • ' en Oo O9 0 Pp Fp pee Qjl ,^9 ^ Rr Rr or Sfs . SJe efi - T t Tt tee Uu Urn u or yea V T . y V V confonant^ or vee Ww IFw double » X X , X X eh Y y T' y luy TsZ Z % %edt or iz%ardf (483} t. To tlie& may be added certain combinatioiis of letters fometimes uied in printing % as a, ft, il, fl, (b» fli» fk, ff, £F, fi» ffi, fi, ffi» ffl» and &, ox and per fe amd^ or rather #//fry& ««/; a,ft,Jl,JhJl,fi,Jk,Jk,ff,ff,Ji.J^,fi,ffi, &. 3. Our letters, fays Dr. Johnfon, are commoiily reckoned twenty-four, becaufe anciently i and y, aa well as » and v, were ezprefTed by the fame charader | but as thefe letters, which had alwstys different powers, have now different forms, our alphabet may be properly find to GOofiH of twenty>(uc. ktters. 4. In confidering the fimnds of dide firft principles of language, we find that fome are fo fimple and unmixed, that there is nothing required but the opaiing of the mouth to make them underftood, and to form different founds. Wfaoce they hate tbc nxfB9i o£ ^omfele or veieee or ^aealfinndi* On the con- trary. DEFINITION OF VOWELS AND C0N50NAKTS. xxvii_ ^twy. we find th:it there are mhcr?, whr/e prnn^TKuitiQCldetiend) c>ft the oUt applicat. nb* m lli t^cr,^t, the I j..: -_i... . -,,:__ uny c*iK i^,:,^, ..,^ tmr I ihnr iLiinn ". 'UQdi f 011(1 ihdc Sft Calkd iSt^Pm^fif tif kctcrs Ihfimmn oj ^ c^hu ami CmfuiaiHit 5. Vcja^I-, arc ♦jeii * * r " ' ' ■ 1 mcfjr, tf^ /, i, < ;^ ^nd 11 uri: c^Ut - ^ rd, and CO iir- ".vhcTi O'.cy bcg32 ^ 1 he dtfnit nn nt n vowclt Jit little Ibbte to except infi at jiiijr, ff«nu fo be f ViOA 1:1^ : A vnwrl i%a iimple fcumd formed by .1 conunued tSnGoa ot* llie jiikd J ten.nu crnfcniwtion of the moyth. withoot any alteraiton in the pofiiici , ^LiT jiiiy nujti.pfl in the organ onpcccbt ttxmx tltc mamcm the vOp %al foimd u«riinic&ce« I ill keods, 7. A ccmiQoimt njaf be defined to be« an mtcrmption of the cffufion of f Qcsil btmdf axifmg fri-- ^* ^ application of ihe nrg^ins nf fpccch 10 rmh other, H. AgreciUf to rf on, vowch m »y be divided into two* ldtid«, tbc simple aod cooapOoiuL iIk limpk #,#, 0, arethofe wliich arc furmcd hj one coQfotnLntiioci of the ctgims only i tbsit isp the organs remain ctaOly in the Cuoe pofitifHi at the end :ii at the bcginntng of the letter 1 whereas in die cam* ffOtmd vowcU i nnd % the organs alter their poiUion before the letter is c^m- pL.^rly foondoil ; ©ajr^ titeie letters, when commencing a fy liable, da nm only T^v^iie a differcQE Dof-rlan of the organs in order to lorm them pcrfceliy, but demaad ibdi an ; n of the tongue to chc roof of rhe mouths as h incoti- fiftcftt with die r ± pure vowel ; for the fir ft of the^e letters, i» when fbcmdod akioe, c^r a fy liable wkh the accent upon vL Is a rcjl diph> tSOllg, compf^Tefi ml u^t itHmds of a In/aihtrf and of f in /i«, exa^ly eorrcf* poMnit to die ibaod of the noun tye ; and when this letter commrncef a ^laUe, sji in w/i , - i^^^ ^c the foiitid of <- ^ith which It term i nates li^ 6|iiiorzjed »iito a 4- iound, like the doobk ehoird in fw/^i?, difTcrcm Troll Cbe ^m^U fotmd oi li*^^ Iciier in quean t and this fqucezcd found in t]ie com- fneneiaij f mufei?? \t eian 1 whtcht by nil jglimmEUur Ud be n confonam*. The btter of thdc com* p«x>sd ttwr J jpd nnt flioneucd by a confonumj commence*! *•? Uh thIiKj\icri:t'^ J lent to the j, ^ndcnds with a found given i« '.- m ^ir^ and 5^ name in die alphabet ex^^Iy fimjli^r ^o the * y*^ ^ imffafv 1 gfimlttafl^ li Dr. Lowch eottid p&nounee fa deli»idvt1y nn the tiu* ' Cf I, ^IH^ O^ ,t* K#i*T* &ft«rari X ffjtw* 1- ran «h1v Pi*" ar- ntlllt«d fOf by fOnfldcriog (Jl£ ^ 'Tbt|*i3f f.m:i . r .n anceftnff in many infli^ue i-i With I m iht wordi mf^vJi-H, j,/.vu * tlic # I *'ffkte; ; liuw then €ifi the j, »L! rrry i r Mu initiil foufid i&gcncrni: ^Ailnj ri f'jrmni tfy <*ir n^enia^j of the mouth Wkitiout any mnfnifi irr • outaS of th i, Ml Im eM7 |irvp«rtf «f % vowel, and riot i^nr af ^ cotifyji^m/* U]tr«Ml' ./' tbe Icirncd Cicfliop ; wkohA^ toii Ht'fd 3 fjnir ta fuJTcr any dimmutifm by a mi^iile . .^iu^ ;» |an «f btenCorr *% thi* t tmt it sruiy l>e t^cd, if^ hsu ewerj pmpcrty tif a vtiwff <>S(i tag ue«C & cMifMsmi why. when k b^im ^ woffd, d^i it not' ^dnu't <»f the eiqihoniaj ^fudt ^ More I xxviii CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS AND COJ^ISONANTS. the pronoun ^<7i/f. If, therfefore, the common deflnition.of a vowerhe juil, thel'e two letters are fo far from l>€ing fimple vowels, that they m^y more prp- pcrly be called lemi-confonant diphthongs. 9. That y and w are confonants when they begin a word, and vowels when they end one, is generally acknowledged by the beft grammarians ; and yet Dr. Lowth has told us, tliat we find, tliat the common opinion, with refpedl to the doulile capacity of thefe letters, is perfedlly juft. ID. Befides the vowels already mentioned, ther« is smoother fimple*vowel (bund found under the «o in the words woo and coo ; thefe letters have, in thefe ^WQ words, every property of a pure vowel, but wl|bn found \i\/hodf moody &c. and in the word too^ pronounced like the adje^iv e t'u>o : here the m has a fqueezed found, occafioned by contrading the mouth, fo as to make the lips nearly touch each other ; and this makes it, like the f and v, not (o much a double vowel, as a f )und between 4 vowel and a tonlbnant. ClaJ/ificaiion of Voxels and Confonantu 11. Vowels and conibnants being thus defined, it will be neceffary, in the next place, to arrange them into iuch claffesas their fimilitudes and fpecitic differences feem to require. 1 2. Letters, therefore, are naturally divifible into vowels and confonants. 13. The vowels are, «, e^ i, 0, v^ and jp and w when ending a fy liable. 14. The conibnants are, 3, ^ , d^ ftg^ b^ jtkp A «i« n^py q, r, /, /, v, «, z, and jr and w when beginning a fy liable. 15. The vowels may be fubdivided into fuch as are fimple and pure, and into inch as are compound and impure. The Ample or pure vowels are ihch as require only one, conformation of the organs to form them, and no motion in the organs while forming. 16. The compound or impure vowels are fuch as require more than one conformation of the organs to form them, and a motion in the organs while forming. Thefe obfervations premifed, we may call the following fdieme t An if^norance of the real compofition of «. and a want of knowing thtit it partook of the nature of a confonant, has occafioned a great diverfity and uncertainty in prefintig the indefi- nite article an before it. Our anceftors, judging of its nature from its name, never fufpec^d that it was not a pure vowel, and conftantly prefixed' the article an before nouns beginning with this letter ; as an union ^an rfffnl bock. They were confirmed in this opinion by finmng the OH always adapted to the (hort », as an umpire, an umbrella j withoot ever dreaming that the inort » is a pure vowel, and cflentially different from the long one. But the moderns, not reftirig'in the name ot a letter, and confulting their ears rather than their eyes, have frequently placed tile a inftead of «« before the long «, and we have feen a mum^ m unkferfihf^ a ufifidhooki from fome of the moft rcfpcdable pens of the prefent age. Npr can we doiyht a moment of the pro- ]^cty of this orthography, when we reflcd that thefe words a^aHf begin to the ear with jr, and might be fpelled youm^nty^niverfity^youftfitt and can therefore no mol% admi^ of m before ^ d^m tmi ytar ndyoaib. bie Remarks on the word Ak in this Didtionaty. CLASSIFICATION OF THE COXSONANTS. :rJtix a a An jinaiogkal Tdbfe of the Fo'u.rL'. pa pcr^l ta-thcr I wa-tcr ( r T 1 me-tre r '^^P*^ ^^ P^''^ vowel«^ no-ble I ^coo J f rU-tlc cy-der / io*c}d r pow-crj compound or jmpure vowels. Diphthongs and Triphthongs enumcratcJ, 17. Two 70wcUfomifiigbut'Onery liable are generally called a diphthong, and three a tripbthcng : thefe are the following : ae Cxf3T » ceiling 0/1 coat 01 languid at aim eo people oe aconoroy uy buy ao gaol lu feud oi voice ^7)'^ (tor ever) mt Unght fw jewel oa moon eau beauty ovlaw ey they 01/ found eou plenteous «jr fey fa .poniard OIL' now ieu adieu ea cleaa U friend oy boy iew view cif (ecd M paffion tt^ manfuctude 0^2< manceuvre* Confonants envmerattd and diJHngtiiJJ?ed into Clajffi^ i8. The confonants arc divifible into mutes, fcmi-vow'els. and liquids. 19. The motes are fuch as emit no found without a vowel, as /;,/>, /, d^ i, and c and ^ hard. 20. The femi-TOwels are fuch as emit a found without the concurrence of a ^owd, as/; u, /, y., jc, g foft OTJ. :2i. Tbe liquids are fuch as How into, or unite eafily with the mutes, as A» », «, r. 22. Buty beiides thefe, there is another clailification of the confunants, of Otat inpcntance to a juft idea of the nature of the letters, and that is, into «A as are fliarp or flat, and fimple or afpii ated. 25. The fliarp confonants are, ^t/, /, /, /, c hard. 24* The flat confonants are, h^ «, d^ z, g hard 25 • The fimple confonants are thofe which have always the found of one let- ter unmixed with others, as, ^,/,/, t?, i, g hard, and ^ foft, ory. j5. Tbcoii^ed or afpirated confonants are thofe which have fomctimes a hlfs or aipJration joined with them, which mingles with the letter, and alters its &ttnd^ as / ID motion^ din toUier^ s in mifjon^ and % in azure, 27. TTierc is another diftindion of confonants arifmg either from llie feat of their fcmutiom or from thoie organs which are chiefl v. employed in foimirg than. The beil diltin^ion of this kind feems to be that which divides tbeni into labials, denfak>gattQrai6| and naikls. 28. xkx ORGANIC FOR]\fATION OF THE VOWELS. 28. The labials are, 5,/,/, v. The dentals arc, /, //, /• «, and foft^ or J. "irhe gutturals are, k, q, c hard, ai^d^ hard. The nafals are, m* «, and ng* 29. Thefe feveral proj^criies of the confonants may be exhibited at one view in the following table, which may be called An Analogical 7*^bk of the Confonants^ Mute labials \ |^ Y^' >• f ^ 7 »»Wo- - Gutturals C Sharp, i, itri > guttural I Fl^t,. ^ hard, ^^^ J "quid r Dento- guttural or naial ng, hang* 50. Vowels and confonants being thus' defined and arrangedy we are the better enabled to enter upon an enquiry into their different powers, as they are differently combined with each other. But previous to this, that nothing may be wanting to form a juft idea of the firft principles of pronunciation^ it may not be improper to ihow the organic formation of eadi letter. « Organic Formation of the Letters* 3 1 . Though t think every mechanical account of the organic formation of the letters rather curious than ufeful, yet, that nothing which can be prefentcd to the eye may be wanting to inform the ear, 1 (liall in this follow thofe who have been at the pains to trace every letter to its feat, and make uS) as it were, touch the founds we articulate. Organic Formation of the Vowels* 32. It will be neceffary to ob&rve, that there are three long founds of the letter « , which are formed by a greater or lefs expanfion of the internal parts of the mouth. 33. The German c>k, p^igc xni. orme J by incarly the Uinvt: polition of^ the ocgaos at the ,^TT;e is aiivHRccd .* little moic into i? ' " ' :hc 'iiidcJ, and tbrm a round upeUtiix ol' :Mn the ni4>uih a^ wheti ^ u luioi^il, but lie mouth* lie J by tiiiiting the fqi' :|4c ^' - L' 1 -uj fo<>; the m/ in thcfc .. ^ :ui- 11 -^i in ^» Ibrming ;4 fm^lltT aperture with tiKJii, 4iuJ» fii ' : ^ _ 111 the mi ddk of the tnoudi » hrlaging it as larw;if d ispnl|}61c rocht lip -ir_ -n'lj r upc:i, ^^ Mr, Klphinllouc Cuilv it, Hud v.liuli i ccs tn [>; :! : Ci^iiit ^i aVL die vocal poweri, Iti the pronunci;iiion rtf \%t SW ibe apertiarc nf the nv luth extended on each fide ; tbe 1 : , ! , md llie IcNtad iflliiTiSf horirontully* The lIcniltT a '\i\ av.t/l *■. i * fink widtT. T -^ the mouth ttill nn ic 'he coctitfi, Th-: ' 10 '^f^/A not only optu. ..., . . .,., Jiao ifce (bnacr 4, t j ners of the motuh fo a^ to m.ikc tJic aperture ^pp7CMe!i r- ' • « viivtvi i^vjlIc the & aliens the motith lldl more, and am* tniat^i^, iwi a^s to m«tke if die oi r^tumium^ vl picture of the Letter it fcujiiii* t: auTCi ^ ' vther vowcU were^ like o^iQ t*d;c their formi from ihcipdlsiecf the pionoinicin'^ thcitif the Gcrnian a otight ncccifjt- nlf lohafi a f * . i form.i> ii Jue^ tii tbund ; fcdiffitoeg? .^pprojcbcs ncarcll t ' the ^' r, t^in;bt lo form Linglilh ii in ^^i^&^e e a narrower oval % tbi' *- in r/jr ougjii lo li^vc die curve of a pAnt* fniire/ed l^iuiu! of ^^ iny^tf a right line j or to reduce thefe line^ to <:t globe, the German a \\n obl;uc iphcroid like tbr l..,lun a hkean rgg, the tnglilh (lender a x Dutch i n^ and the double t a cylinder * Orgmak F^rmatkn of iti Cmfinsnti. 4(* Tbt WH iXKiliod oTAiewiiig the organic forma tt6n of the eon^ant^ will ^t» ck^ chrm into Cucb pain a« thef naturally fall intOf and then« by defcrfh* xxxii ORGANIC FORMATION OF THE CONSONANTS. ing one, wj fliall nearly defcribc its fellow ; by which means the labour will be le^ened» and the nature of the confonants better perceived. The confoxiantfi that fall into pairs arc the following : p f t s fi> tb i eh ehah d z %b dh i J jail 42. Holder, who wrote the mod elaborately und philofbphically upon this fbbjedty tells us, in his Elements of Speech^ that when we only whiTper we cannot diftinguifh the firft rank of thefe letters from the fecond. It is certain the differ- ence between them is very nice ; the upper letters feeming to have only a fmar ter brifker appulfe of the organs than die lower; which may not improperly be diftingulihed by iharp and flat. The inoft marking diltin^ton between thcitt will be found to be a fort of guttural murmur, which precedes the latter let- ters when we wifti to pronounce them forcibly, but not the former. Thus if wc clofe thelipsy and put the Angers on th^m to ktep them 4but, and ftrive to prey- nounce the />, no found tit all will be heard ; but in ftriving to pronounce die h we (hall find a murmuring found from the throat, which feems the commence- •ment of the letter 5 and if we do but ftop the breath by the appulfe of the or- gans in order to pronounce with greater force, the fame may be obferved of the reft of the letters. 43. This difference in the formation of thefe confonants may be ihore dif- tin^ly perceived in the s and % than in any other of the letters ; the fornier is founded by the fimple ifTue of the breath between the teeth, without any vibra- tion of it in the throat, and may be called a hiifing found ; while the latter can- not be formed without generating a found in tKe throat, which may be call- ed a vocal found. The upper rank of letters, thereforci may be called bi-eath- ing confonants; and the lower, vocal ones. 44. Thefe obfervations premifed, we may proceed to defcribe the organic formation of each letter, 45. P and B are formed by doling the lips till the breath is colle Uic rcK>f yf ti^e itiQuthi 4» tn G* the vok^ H f^ i»mM H y I't^cuig die or^jin* in ^* '^ ' nf^, ttsd H 1 1 J roof oi the moiitli* ul r^ whicb H P 1 tod Kv pliieificf ihc organs in the pontkm of «^ de« H ■^ fcnkrd < ^re« in Of dcr to propel ibc brtath ■ tipoe •' ^H t tbe urtii.iiiuri .iu-i ^i r! 1 !l:iri.'.i ;i J^ ^| <" i,riu' fcVv radiC.il pinu ;|''l:v, !-':'' i- ty t>f ^| K eOTU^'ir. (lIs k is with jnii,i ,J -^ e ii( wondcT we pn.^ ■ F ^'i- ■ , fTvr ^tItooJI iiiJcaiblt u tf ction of nctrly limtlar fl 1. rem timioppiJlKc nit 4111 ri^» luthi%Tii!W H k '' ^i. d iiniformity and r^incty i^cry conf ■ ^ t . ^^H ■ ^'' ki on tht cluo^i fccmi vo op? rare on Ur ; ^^H ^B iitn. .\nd pduciC) of ilirir prifxt^^ks ^nd i- I ^^H Pr^ 1^ ptavt ihc gooJnd'it HifUam, ando! / ^^| 1 l* m?il<^j^ri^l niibcfiiiion of founds is not cwily curious, bot tifcful ; it ^^H ;: ■ r( the powers of the Icturs s und, from the^^f ill .' difFercfkt, enable* 11* to fee xhr ml:? nn which ^^| '^ crs CD UH chc genius andprn ! ^^H ^ ,. ^._l^, rcnauthoriiy U fikni, enables ^^ a_ -^ — *^^H ' "^ '^^'"»^*^mng** and conf*^n Ktrc rhtis enumerated und de6ric4^^^^| 1 tain their di^^i -:s, iiti they are drMcrcnilv s&^^^H ^ kK.... :t. It m^iy he ntccu u > ii]< -ivefnmc account of tliofe diC«^^H ■ til^Mr 'neftme vowels uhkii ciprcfs their qu^ntiry as long oi^^^^f ■ fcm. 'II119 will appeai^^H ^^e dr in dcrcnbiog thd^^H ^^^pc ; c nul uiiif ij^uuul) uL^d with too littk pvc^^^| ^^ iy *cv' :^mmfUjf and ^dlkj if the F(m*th* ^^^M ^^pv ' ■ /^ n^i^n of found that feems to obtrude ilfclf upon m^ whcii^^B ^^^t 1 5 SL long and a fhort found according to the grca^tcr or Icf^ 1 ^^^u ' \^ tliem. ^Hiis dti^in^ion la Co obvioui ■ * ^4 Atijd h tliat to which we annex clearer 1 Iflsteikm Uf «ey 4>cher ; ajitt Uiough tlie (hort fouadi of fome vovvcU have tiot H xxiv OF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE VO\^ELS. in our laneuage been claiTed with fufficient accuracy with their ^parent long ones, yet this has bred but little confufion, as vowels long and {hort are always fufEciently diflinguiihable $ and the nice appropriation of (hort founds to their {peci6c long ones is not neceifary to our conveying what found we mean, when me letter to which we apply thefe founds is known^ and its power agreed upon. 64. The licxt diftin^ion of vowels into their fpecific f^^unds, Nvhich fcems to be the mod generally adopted, is tliat which arifes from the different aper* tures of the mouth in forming them. It is certainly very, natural, when we have &} many more fimple founds than we have chaiadbers by which to exprefs them, to diftjnguiih them by that which fecms their organic definition ; and we accordingly find vowels denominated by the French, ouvert axid forme ; by the Italian9> aperto and chiufo ; and by the Englilh, tfpen sindjhtu. 65. But whatever propriety there may be ia the ufe of thefe terms in other languages, it is certain they mud be ufed with caution in Englifh for fear of confounding them with long and (hort. Dr. Johnfon and other grammarians call the a in faiier the open a : which may, indeed, diilingui(h it from the (lender a in pap^r ; but not from the broad a in tvatftj which is ftill more open. Each of thefe letters 'has a (hort found, which may be called a (hut found ; but the long founds cannot be fo properly denominated open as more or lefs broad ; that is, the a in paper^ the flender found ; the a \n father ^ the broadi(h or mid- dle found ; and the a in water ^ the broad found. 1 he fame may be obferved of the 0, This letter has three long founds, heard in m^vr, note^ nor ; which graduate from (lender to broadi(h, and broad like the q. The 1 alfo in mine may be' called the broad /, and that in machine the (lender i ; though each of them is equally long ; and though thefe vowels tibat are long may fa« faid to be more or lefs open according to the different apertures of the mouth in forming them, yet the (hort vowels cannot be faid to be more or lefs (hut ; for as (hort always implies fhut (e]\:ept in verfe), though long does not always imply open» we muft be careful not to confound lone and open, and clofe and (hut» when we fpeak of the quantity and quality of the vowels. The truth of it is, all vowels either terminate a fyllable» or are united with a confonant. In the firfl caie, if the accent be on the fyllable, the vowel is long, though it may not be €K>en : in the fecond cafe, where a fyllable is ter ^vowels, lonz or (hort, we muft certainly give thefe appellations to thofe founds only whichfaave eiadly the fame radical tone, and diflfcr only in the long or fliort emi(&on of that tone. Thus meafuring the founds of the vowels by this fcale, we (hall find that the long /and^ have properly no fliort founds butfuch as fcem e(rentially diftmd from their long ones ; and that the fliort found of thefe vowels is no other than the fliort found of e^ which is the latter letter in die compofition of thefe diphthongs. (37). 67. Tlic fame want of conefpondence in clafling the long and (hort vbwels we find in a^ e^ 0, and u $ for as the 0 in thtrne does not.fimi its (hort foyid in the lame letter in tbem^ but in the i ia bim ; fo the ^ in tbtmmoSi defcend a ftcp lower DfPFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER A. xtaf i^irrlfitrj tliff nrrtvTnrL- oT jt Ta^.Xw. ^nn? (iitinit Tn amt. TSti? j *w t jr-i i *. \\:\t to the tf in y^ r, //w/Vi ( vvithMiii any pcrctprllj. m the founi [ _ ji be irrilijen Mndptonn: rr, /ii*r> r/e and iade, the paft time of to ^/V. 76. ji has the fame found, when ending an accented fyllahle, as fa»perj fa" per^ fpeC'tator. The only exceptions "ox^ father ^ via^Jlr^ iva^ier. 77. As the (hort found of the long flender a is not found under the fame charadter, but in the (hort e (as may be perceived by comparing mate and mei) (67) we proceed to delineate the fe*>ond found of this vowel, which is that beard in faiherf and is called by fome the open found '34) ; but this can never dillingui(h it from the deeper found of the a in ali, hnlly &c. which is Hill more open : by fome it is ftyled the middle found of j, as between the a \ii pak, and that in wall : it anfwers nearly to the Italian a in Tojcuno^ Ramana^ &c. or to the final a in the naturalized Greek words, papp i and mamma ; and in haa ; the word adopted in »lmo(l all languages to ezprefs the cry of (heep. We ield<^m find the long found of this letter in our language, except in mcxiofyllables end- ing with r, 2&far^tar^ mar^ 6cc. and in the vrari father. There are certain words from the Latin, Italian, and Spani(h languages, fuch as iumhago, bravado^ tor^ nidot camifadoi farrago^ &c. which are fometimes heard with this found of « ; but except in hravo^ heard chiefly at the Theatres, the Engliib found of « is preferable in all th^fe words. 78. Tht long found of the middle or Italian a is always found before r in monofyllables. as cenr^far^ mar^ &c. before the liquids Itn \ whether the latter only be pronounced, as in pfalm. or both, as in pfalmiji ; fometimes before If^ and Ive^ as calf^halfy ealve^ halves faive. &c. ; and, laftly, before the (harp afpirated den- tal th in bath, patb^ laih^ &c. and in the vrotd father : this found of the a was formerly more than at prefent found before the nafal liquid n, efpecially when fucceeded ^y r» /^ or <4 £^ dame y. glance^ iawe, France^ chantif prance, gratU, plant yflarttyjlander^ &c. 79. The hiding confonant x was likewife a fign of this (band of the a, whe- ther doubled, as in glafs^grafs^ lafs^ &c. or accompanied by / as in Icfi^fafly vqfl^ &c. ; but this pronunciation of a (eems to have been for fome years advance- ing to the (hort found of this letter, SLshcsard'm hand^ iattds grands &c. and pro- nouncing the a in after^ anfwers bajkety plants majl^ &c. as bng as in half ealf^ 3cc. borders very clofely on vulgarity : it mxA be obfcrved, however, that the a before n in monofyUables, and at the end of words, was anciently writtea with DIFPEREKT SOUNDS OF THE L^TTO J, %xia^ mdjii drrrTt, -jnd {b^rr.hAh^r prr^n^^it^c^d ni HmJ t: tire Cfrmin # : for Dr (t'^ tied in4i circ ih^n >^bat the , .. g a known nik intl>*'f ^^-^ '*- **''^ '*^cn» , tv.-n ihori fyllfthlc^ WcoTi. '- U ' h:*% the pcnukinmic I** l-ju' ^ ttom cU ill crUJO become niir )^ <"^©, 4tc# >r It Lilian /I, wiiitj] : ,. confcmmitd ,, k the iVkUnJ of i; I in mam* ^lu nndbdvTc :ioy uvo lucceiTn > ninrk^), nnd rvpn when ftt^ ■ . . \ a^ m^fJ", wc liiid ihc monitiyiUibIc li:bkrv4.uoti will hold ^oq4 ia . jon of dill letter Jtt the i-, - ■■ AV/rjPi r.' verb w/Jjjf h^^, Amori 1 % am! ;i>^domH,AieKt inflated in:' ^ , , ^ ib Fck. ud iippi'o W ing : .iJiigft ftrn^gr. \fef when L. L ii notonitf ii L wurd^. li tUc word be j. luljIUn* tcr thirn wlicii it i% -ivcrbi thu» a ificc in the qiiantiiy of this l^ter, mdriktiff and .., AuduitimoUt and the vowels to mkulau^ to * 'i^- c we find the Qouns ;tnd adjec]ivx:s h.ive the r/ cor^ / -c/^ howevcTt picrervo thet* jis loi^g a» '« ^i*^ titcd tcrmiimiiona m act^ wivctbci nouns ot I irc 3s to b<: nt:«irly iimiLir IQ the ^ ia ^ ; ihyi c. Height, wiiJiout 3iEiy great departure from .be written ^j//fl J, ifl//«/, &c, vihkXt Jmnaie idiiiall changtri ^hl be WfitTen/ttrrt«/- Ul£. y If preceded by the gyttortils hard^ oj* «-| it i^j in polite ^I'i'ja* r^tirncii b^ the intci^iUtkm of a found hk^ c, fo th:it idrd^ c^^ri^ \ like kr ard^ ghs-anit ff-^6i*rir*/, Whcu the a i* r^.l fvllaUcs oi\\TnJk, ^a/iJfr, l*^c. the inicrpoiiuoD ilted uniivofdable : for tho^vh wc can pro* : rrififrng the r, it i* inijioffibk to pronouikee T. Tills found of the a h taken notice "^ proves it is uot the offspring of the ■ ■■>n to find Mr, Smithy a very accu* ^^Sf^Kcr liUo leic mbj!;:?, eninciv ct my oplaion^ But the found of tjico. xl DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER E. which I have found the mod difficult to appreciate* is that where it ends the fy liable, either immediately before or after the accent. We cannot give it any oif its three open ibunds without ^hurting the ear : thus in pronouncing the words abound and diadefn^ ay hounds ahhound^ and awbound ; di-ay-d^m^ di^ah- dem and di^aw^dem are all improper ; but giving the a the fecond or Italian found, as ah-hound and di-ab-dem feems the leaft fo. For which reafon I have, like Mr. Sheridan, adopted the ihort found of this letter to mark this unac- cented M : but if the unaccented a be final, which is not the cafe in any word purely EifgUih* it then feems to approach ftill nearer to the Italian a in the lad fyllable of papa^ and to the a in faiher ; as may be heard in the deliberate pronunciation of the words idea^ Afrka^ Deita^ dec. (88). See the letter ^ at the beginning of the Di^ionary. E.- 93. The firfl found of e is that which it has when lengthened by the mute c final, as \tigleh€^ theme^ 3fcc. or when it ends a fyllable with the accent upon it/ 2s/e'Cre-4ion, adhe^M, &c. (36) 94. The exceptions to this rule are, the words where and f/jtreg in which the firft^ is pronounced like a^ as if written 'o)bare^ tbare; and the auxiliary verb were^ where the e has its fhort (bund, as if written tver^ rhyming with the laft fyllable of prefer and ere (before), which founds like air. When there is in compofition in the word therefore^ the e is generally fhorteiiedf as In werr^ but in mv opinion improperly. 95. The fhort found of r is that heard in hed^ fed^ red^ wcdl &c. ; this found before r is apt to Oide into fhort u ; and we fometimes hear mercy founded as if written murcy : but this, though very near, is not the exad found. Irreg^ilar and unaccented Sound t, 96. The e at the end of the monofyllables he, he^ mt^ o/^, is pronounced ee^ as if written ^/r/r, '^^f, &c. It is filent at the end of words purely Englifh, but is pronounced diftindtly at the end of fome words from the learned languages, as tpitomey Jtmihy calnflrophe^ apo/iropbe^ &c. 97 The firfl e in the poetic contradHons, e^er and ne^er^ is pronounced like a J as if written air and nair. 98. The e in ker is pronounced nearly like fhort u ; and as we hear it in the unaccented terminations of tvri/ery reade*'^ 8cc. pronounced as if written wriiur, readur^ where we may obferve that the r being only a jar, and not a definite and diflindl articulation like the other confonants, inflcad of flopping the vocal efflux ef voice, lets it imperfectly pafs, and fo corrupts and alters the true found of the vowel. The fame may be obferved of the final e after r in words end- ing in cre^ gret tre^ where the e is foundrd as if it were placed before the r, as \n iucrCf maugret theatre, &c. pronounced /b/:ir, maugur^ theaiur, &c. See No. 418. It may be remarked, that though we ought cautioufly to avoid pro- nouncing the e like u when under the accent, it would be nmit Attice^ and border too much on affectation of accuracy to prefervc this found of *in unac- cented fyllables before r \ and though terrible^ where e ha-^ the accent, fhould never be pronounced as if written turrtble^ it is impoffible without peJantjy to make any diiFerence in the found of the lafl fyllable of fplenlour and tender, ful- fhttr 2aidfuffe'', or matyrtundgarie''. But there is a fma 1 deviation from rule •when this letter begins a word, and is followed by a double conibnant with the accent ^^^^vu^^ :ds of the LETTrnT^^^^^H ^1 «trr ! rcrc^tu}f^*l!nh!f :*tTTfhff cifrTTc find f he f nwd ! »nErtlj«i as if the fl ^H ovnM' V Kli>» ' 'rim thr fnnt i ^^H ■f 'ced 3« ii ;^^H F L^^H 1^ 'J UJf luiiLj luunu KM f. ocL' i" ;r, iv7\iii \jrgm*iuirf^ ^^^B able err-: - r - ' t^H ^ and a i ^H v^ c pcotioatited ^1 ^^Kc H it W4* arti'i' H vTittcn marehavi* Sertnti and ser^^ftt arc itill heajd aiTJCDg thf lewcr ■ i^ r t ttc n /unwr an d furmmtt % And c v et^ . i f r n 1 1 1 " t li r 1 1 rt ? r r M r. fi faluution^ J»VV,jy?ar /rfruuir// ti H ^" rratirir. ©• t. y would be looked upon as ^ murk ^^^ i^i^ . V ,:.— , i.^!^,-,,, . , n, S i?^r^,v »nd Berhky^ ft ill retain the nld f 1 wnrrcn lAsrh ±r. J -' . i *' /^y ; but even thcfc, in polite ulagc, ar i no ■ If at if wiiuen D«rhy and Burhkj^ >d^iii H ndency lo limplU/ the ]nngn;iige bj- itiitaing the H ^H DCifnlieT of ft cep .: certainly to be indulged. ^H ■ jLo pin Irregular founds but ftill a /bund ^^' ta^^^| P T... :ds, Bn^iiit^fjejt pine! prfHw wIjctc the ' i^ i p>.e^^H (U)n< V arc guilty of tlic ; gularity in mgim^ ASk if ^H ■_ "fltft- ,!\n(jt lie too carcfui^ ^:'!il» ■ ■ ^ in the final unaccented fylbble^ by iu biJ- fl ■ . ...,^ . ;:;vLuncsiiot, tbrms one of the moji pu/xling ■ ■ '' on. When any cf the liquids prcfcde thcfe letters. H *^ - - "'^ - ^■'^tfidy u^smffif/jrefi j btil when any of die ■ '" . I %i iht t \% fofnctimcs heacd^ as in nw>d^ ^^ /ai^J^ ; afiv- \i\ jAvivei^ raven % &c* As wi other rule can he „, »»en for U imciation* perh^ips the bell hmv will be to draw fd, Eijvd tf ii is ncji 1 ■ vdt:: V, I amU:. led to do. H '"^ be i>UerveJ, liitf ^ Iveiorc /, in ^ t; A S ^^V fffh!}^. luunced diitin^ly, except in the fol 4 ^M '^iff^J^^t ^'- /, (better written nu%zii,) nmyel^ r*n -j. ', ■ ^^^b in'. ■ " || f'-firr^j^J^ /, ha^i^ dr(izihno%if. Tliefe words ^ ^ ir.ccii 1 V an apoftrophei mjtei'l, wfo/7» ©mjV, aic, or rather ^ ^^^^^^I^Eh^c '- "*izif, kc, i but as thcfc are the only words of thts " ^^^V\ iitinccdt j^cat care mud be tsikcn tiiat we do not ^^^^ f^L--iur/-r , (tlie {iih(i^Ti\\\€)ypiircelt thdfdf ancf vtftl^ m the — :h many arc very prone. ^ ^ U ' :' '" ' \ . and not pfcccded by a liquid* ^H ^Ott^^ri ^^^^^^H Ions in m, ;as to /o them he alfo called; and whom he called, them " he alfo jujiifies \ and whom hcjuJlfied^ them he alfo ghrjfied.'* Called pre- ferves the e, and is pronounced in two fyllables ; and jt^tfied and ghrjfied fup- preis the e^ and are pronounced in three. 105. This letter is a perfect diphthong, compofed of the founds of « in ^A^r, and / in i6^9 pronounced as clofely together as pofllble (37). When thefe founds are openly pronounced* they produce the familiar affent ay : which, by the old Englifh dramatic writers, was often ezprefled by /.- hence we may obferve, that unlefs our anceftors pronounced th^ vowel J like the 0 in 0//9 the prefent pronunciation of the word ay in the Houfe of Commons, in the phrafe the Ayet have it, is contrary to ancient as well as to prefent uiage : fuch a pronunciation of this word is now coarfe and ruftic. This found is heard when the letter is lengthened by final r, as Hme, thine, or ending a fyU lable with the accent upon it, as //-/Zr, dial; in monofyllables ending with nd, as biuj, find^ mind, &c. f in three words ending with Id, as child, mild, nvsld ; and in one very irregularly endine with ni, as pint (37). 106. There is one inftance where this letter, though fucceeded by final e, does not go into the broad Englifh found like the noun eye^ but into the Sen- der foreign found like e. This is in the word Aire, pronounced as if written Jheer, both when Angle, as a htight ofthepnre\ or in compofition» as in NMwghamfiire, Leie^erjhire, &c. This is the found Dr. Lowth gives it in DIFI EftENX SOUNDS OF THK LETTER L xiii iOWr f I Ihort ;>i % Sc^Sifiic* t lJii» Itii^. :- .:card in htmn thh ^- ^^^-^ ^'^"iii "-t, a* it M Dtoict/ired !*y :- - *t bis ibantJ is the Jci ^L-tt^i V'fJg // JttJ it i ■ lly - rt / was a ibi^' .ji I hh !mrp It rnccceded by r, atitl anathcr confonant Ti^if m a ^ttiI Eld at" f In vermhh vetHdi^ Sec ^ ■ imtf of flmn u ; but when it com'. rinaHtii Jt JGC|uirc* the ibm , rtft to thii^ ra]c» where i is profiouQccd like /j and as ic.'ms la huve tbc Hirne influence on ibis ,11 f ^rid ». Whcti tliefc vowds come brffire dtju- d by a ¥Owel| as iti atdh^ tm wy^ iw.trr/» drj/^r, arc Ci^ fid era illy fKort«r fhan when the r U the final vv-bcn U i^- t'licceedcJ by another ctinfoiuint, m m arfQur^ t;inic m*mncT, the i\ coi^ '^ re either doi A vow^!» prcfcrvf* its ^ itfonnd.^? il f* is followed Uy -anotiicr c r, the accent tjpon k, the i g* ^ ^ i.nt to fhort e, hs he^ird in virgin^ vtrtve^ ^o . : iQ the filJl ivlUtWc oi/rrmefii^ though oTt , a Ikin. ^ir ani^/r are cxa^ly pi on ou need • i. ivcmsj fuy* Mn Narci, thui out anceftor$ ifillta*- more correctly, Biftmp Ciirdricr, in hi* fir ft letter to ■' ifm of Nicholas Rowley^ a fellow C;iiit-ib with hijn^ I me girls be called vir^inff pliiin onc» -uu gim**' " M f akfini cHi Wijf*, fix* turpii, v^r^ va^ the ftJp fScptefi^ 1 1 pTfc^C^l >n this fkuatiofi, ought to be the more earefully at- il iato the ibunJ of «» where it ihduld h;*ve the found :. !,i(ig to vulgajiiy* Perhnp^ the only exccp- eding VDWcl h u; for this letter being a cucc on the precctliug /, though not fomuch ^% il. Tins makes Mr- tJhcridAii*s pronunciiition ot iinds, hke that in %thgm^ Ic'i exceptionable than ■-Z we citnnot give a femi-found of fbort i to cor-. umant iouud of Wj I herdine9 9(^dineyruginey trephine^ guarantiney routmeyJasdneyfitiguCi mtriguey glacii^ muaiidy macldnty magazmcy mariney paUm- guhiy fiiguCy fioticcy /irq/ilcy recUatruey man-da^riney tabourrnty tambouriney tonfmcy * tran^m^riney tdtramarine. In aU thefe words, if for the laft i we liibilitute ee^ we (hall have the true pronunciation. In Jignior^ the firft i is thus pronounced. Mr. Sheridan pronounces vertigo znd/erpigo with the accent on the fecond fylla- ble, and the i long, as in tie and pie. Dr. Kenrick gives thefe words the fame accent, but founds the i a$ e in tea and/tf». The latter is, in my opinion, the general pronunciation ; though Mr. Sheridan's is fupported by a very j;eneral rule, which is, that all words adopted whole from the Latin pnderve the Latin accent, j;;o3, b») But if the Enghfh ear were unbiased by the lone < in Latin, which fixes the accent on the fecond fyUable, and could free itftlf from the flavifh xlv thr FrcAcli ami tulianct ilwri: ^ on il*c fira iylbbi , cjTt /, as in /nJiyc doubt Imttlldk > « n h i a1 jf 'fKe fi ntttiou -t Ml, ■ It Lu '.lAiiit Jiiiu "-'JK~, UJT)' JTi. ' :\ be not too diibmi. The i^ Muanced maljaM. : io mofl dJSicttk to retltice to nik h wbeo it ■ ■■ ar ,.,rlg t^'£jK#/if ; .11 id vvlirii It cud* ji fy t f, i%/in/iMt,nj rjf'uScc. But c fore the ace eat, it > ik^nouH' : nrilJyllablc iscia^) . . i -it viiWf wh«tc tic I i% prODouoccd a« il the word ^trc ^ ;,v »..^..u ^i ihe I, to tbu ijltsatioat is lb Itltlc reducible co c of our writers on tJic fabjei^ H^ve iatienipted it ( ytnd the ooiy iu -iTc IC'QK idea ot' it, fccms to be the very bboriotj* ore of chiHifig ?rd> tc^g^cr as hiive tlic i pronounced m the flimc m^imefiandobrerv^ '"'riefti caznbt»aiJOQ» o£ other ictters that may pofl'tbly be the caufc of ( the vowel that ends and the vowel that begins a fyllable are* by pronouncing the / long, kept more di(lin6t» and not fuffered to coxlefce, as they are apt to do if t has its (lender found. This pronenefs of the e^ which ts exa^ly the flender found of /, to coalefce with the fucceeding vowel, has pro- duced fuch monfters in pronunciation sisioggrapAy 9Xid jomm^try for geo^rapiy and getmetryy ^nd joijict for gfforgict. The latter pt thefe words is fixed in this ab- furd pronunciation without remedy ; but the two former fecm recovering their right to four fyllables ; though Mr. Sheridan has endeavoured to deprive them of it, . by fpelKng them ^ith three. Hence we may obferve, that thofe who wifli to pronounce corre the i m ■ It bo til way*, h J!., .vv. .li.i i'^' ■ . Pcny, und ihc gcticnil tii 'z ii)C t long, accordiw to tht It oifitlc iKurt by Dr. Kcnrtck^ *■'■ ' n fan, comr^ry to uncct Uh , rhc ihoricning power of the ^e diphdioDg mud be i^W4y» lungt imcc - lliort. itiim» fee mi confined U) iIjc following j , i/fiskiWr^jfifi iUrifttm^ i/i'**^tio/». Both I iLicc the accent ot the word didifiatu im- , --- , - -Mould fccm 0)or« agrcc-ihk to analogy to ^^ terminationjt in k^ and p'ace Uit accent on the pe« -'t^ ' n thh cafe^thc / in the llrft will be iJioricncd by l.ihle proniiitnccd like did (527), The rtrfl {^ h'ii. Shcndnn, and with the accent on thefccond !, c iifonf arc cfjti-iUy erToncJ^u**. llic accent ought ia ih^ urU iyJiabic^ «uid the / ihorti u on the adjcOive d$m* Sec Postt^- * ^ ought iilways to Ik lliort ; thi\ U th '^e firtl fy liable afjjVifhfji itnd vvlty wc ' c . tiji i\ii\X fiJ icia y^ itji m.itkcd by ' I ■ oncous in marking the tirit 1 in/ ^. . ^, 1 J ; tiic accent u^Jon the bft fylbblc nf^«/i*. fimax& b^s tbc die i m the fir/i fyllible always long. fi/. Litizhut hu^ ihcj in ihc (ir:i fyB*i» l.troc Hi. IT L> c obfcncd (H^ iibidinoHSt though Other wii^ !,*h ih^ foiir iMl Rve in.irkcd with the long 1 b J ks the / whicb has the ac J the corii|X^ond > 9''«'9]rV/£i/<7p ; n bim his error* The w^ord 1 vihcrin Jobnfon nor bberidan, .' ibort a& if written mm-ci-'k* The 1 ii 'Vt and mig^atkn. ' r. The lirft / in nyrijiatimf though ui, i> Ki-jnencd by ilic Iccondaiy acceni (5'i7)i 35 if dii/ldcd inio mg'ri-Ji'CaUm^ ^p Fh Jus- Lbt J gcncr ally fht)rt| as in fh^anlhr&phyp phiftfifiic, pffihfiph^r, phihfophy^ ^viii DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER /. 1 ph&ofophy^bhilofophivse ; to which wc may certainly add, phMoger^phMopjl^ phi- i hlog'jy phmlogicaly notwithftanding Mr. Sheridan has marked the i in £efe laO: I words long. 132. Pi and pTt have the t gcherally (hort, as pllajler^ pituitous^ ptl^fy* plica- ttm. Pifificr^ and piazza^ being Italian words, have the / fliort before the vow- elf contrary to the analogy of words of this form (116), where the i is lon^, asin Ai^ariifar,^n-ori/jr, &c. Psratisalhas the i marked long by Mr. Sheridan, and fliort by Dr. Kenrick. The former is, in my opinion, more agreeable both to cuftom and analogy, as the feund of the i before the accent is often de« termin^d by the found of that letter in the primitive word. 133. Pri has the i generally long) as in primtva!^ primnontf piinutial. primeroy ptimordtaL privadOf privation^ privative^ but always (hort in primitive^ Vina primer, I34« Ri has the i fhort, as in ridtcuhtts» Rigidity is marked widi the i long by Mr. Sheridan* and fhort by Dr. Kenrick : the latter is undoubtedly right. Rivality has the i Ion? in the firft fyllable, in compliment to rivals as piraiica/ has the / long, becaute derived from piraie. Rhinoceros has the rlong in Sheri- dan, Scott, Kenrick, W. Johnfton, and Buchanan'; and (hort in Perry. 13;. Si has the i generally fliort, ^s JsmHiiude^finqfis^ and ought certainly to be fhort xn/ilkious^ (better written cUiciousi) though marked long by Mr. Sheri- dan. Simuhaneout having the fecondary accent on the firft fyUable, docs not come under this head, but retains the i long, not^^ith (landing the fhortening power of the accent it is under (527). 136. 77 has the 1 (hort, as xvLtitnidlty. 137. Tri has the i long, for the fame reafon as bit which fee (1 18) (1 ipV 138. Ft has the i fo unfettled as to puzzle the correftell (peakers. The i is generally long in vicarious^ notwith (landing the (hort i in %>icar. It is long in vibration from its relation to vibrate, Fitaliiy has the 1 long, like viiaL In vhvifichy vivrficaien and viviparousy the firft / is long, to avoid too great a fame- ncfs with the fecond. Fivacioua and vivacity have the / almoft as often long as fliort ; Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Dr. Kenrick, maketlieiin vivacious long, and Mr. Perry and Buchanan (hort ; Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and W. John- fton, make the 1 in the firft of vivacity long, and Perry and Buchanan fiiort ; but the (hort (bund feems lefs formal and moft agreeable to polite ufage. fHci- niiyf vicinal^ vicijjitttde^ vituperate^ vtmineouB and virago^ feem to prefer the (hort c, though Mr. Sheridan has marked the three laft words with the firft vow^l long. But the diverfity will be beft feen by giving the authorities for all tliefe words: Vicinity. Dr. Kenrick. Ftcinity. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnfton, and Perry. Vicinal Mr. Sheridan. Viciffitude* Mr. Sheridan* Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnfton, Buchanan and Perry. Vituperate. Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick^ W. Johnfton. Vituperate. Mr. Perry. Vxnancous. Mr. Sheridan. VXrago. Mr. Sheridan, and W. Johnfton. Virago. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, and Perrf. I l^ve claiTed vicinal here as a word with the accent on the fecond fyUable as ft (lands in Sheridan's Didionary, but think it ought to have the accent on the fiifi. See MeDiciKAL. 139. The fame diverfity and uncertainty in the found of this letter feems to reign in thofe final unaccented fyllables which are tcrminaud with the mute <•. Perhaps the beft way to give fome tolerable idea of the analogy of the language in / m^% poiiii« wtU b«« n» (kow th« geticr^l mlc. ami marie ilie nc^prions} tWigh iefe are fonxumci la iiuxiieto^*^ . — t i bi oC the mW Hfclf i thett- lore the bdk way will be ID f^ivc ^1l- lie fjT/i7/, d-K .tve liic I •■ iT -I ' J d Dp Led b^^ Mi . ;ei Intig h hi i kO^ k. . a ifi woiU» of ihi^ ur* / have the I long* j unditig wq Jbmcu'inc* icc'i^ as it wrhlCTiJmiii^ r have the i long, ejcccpt houfi'^i/iff pro noil need general rulc^ iio(wiih^UtiJlng the i m tt^/r if always ih ., ,»-*.. itincsi nioricticd m the irime manner Uy the vulgar j T fivTvm^li H% gcme rrrcyocably into iJic fame amilogy i U^oggh i\-i j9v:tt€m$^ni^ht i% ntorc frcquenUy prou^^unccd with the f lortg, Tboie emlmjt m //f have ihc / lliprt^ except rfcmrUf, thanmrnik^ *ftipik. tii/, have the i long m >Sh rridJiTV- s Difi .ifid oriinion the letter j* the much more pi iittl -fii^, thnit^K pronoutiecabk bolti w^y^t icdlSf ■^c laM JylLihlc, See JuvtMiti. has the t k^ogi thf mmf with tmi ; have the iicccni higher than the prn ultimate, hai^c _ _: J.III, th^t die only mctliod to give an idea td h will jlogiie oi words vihete ii h pronounced iViffarcntly, f*^ '*^' r'>! be improper to fee the drffcrcni founds given to ne Words by different onl^oepiiU s t^ W. johnftoQ. ) ■ » W* Joliiillon, Perry. ri Pern*. ran, W. Johnitoo, S 149' I DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER /. 149. In thefe words 1 4o not hefitate to pronounce, that the general tvAe inclines evidently to the long i, which, in doubtful cafes, ought always to be followed ; and for which reafon I (hall enumerate thofe words firft where I judge the i ought to be pronounced long ; CannMnCf carabine^ cdumbine, htzan- tintf geiatiiUy legaiine% oxyrrbodiru'j concu^ncf mufcadinef uuarnadhu^ ceiaiuHncp ahnandine^ feeundsnci am'^gdaiiney crjiftuiiinef vUuHhcj talamney afin\m%faturnme%f€t' charincy adulterine^ vlpcrine^ uterine y lament'met armentim^ ferpcntme^ turpentine^ vef" periiae^ belluifte, porcupine, countermine^ ieonine^ fappbirine^ and metaUine, 150. The words of this termination, where the / is (hort, are the following ; Jacobine^ medicine j difciplir.e^ mafcuHne^jeffandne^ feminine^ heromet neSartne^ Uber^ tine J genukuf hyaline, palatine. To thefe, I thinkt ought to be added, atfa/i«'» aquiline, coralline, brigarainef eglantine : and to this pronunciation of the 1, the proper names, Falentine and Conjhntine, ieem ftrongly to incline ; and on the ftage, Cymbeline has entirely adopted it. Thus we fee how little iufhience the Latin language has on the quantity of the i inr the final fyllable of thelb words* It is a rule in that language, that adje^ves ending in Uii or inur^ derived from animated beings or proper names, to the exception of very few, have this i pro- nounced long. It were to be wifhed this dtftindion could be actoptedin Engliih .words from the Latin, as in that cafe we might be able in time to regularize this very irregular part of our tongue; but this alteration would be almoft impofiible in adjedives ending in ive, as relative, vocative ffugitiwj Sec have the i uniformly (hort in EngliHi, and long in the Latin relativusy vocativuSffugiti^ VUIf &c. 151. The only word ending in tret with the accent on the antepenultimate fyllable, is acro/pircj with the i long, the laft fyllable founding like }^fpite of a church* 152. Words ending in ife have the i fhort, when the accent is on the laft fyllable but one, ^%francbife, except the compounds ending in *aji^,^%Ukemfe^ Ungtbwife^ &c. as marked by Mr, Scott, Mr. Ferry, and Buchanan ; but even among thefe words we fometimes hear otberwife pronounced 0/^«r«r/z> as mark- ed by Mr. Sheridan and W. Johnfbn ; but, I think, improperly. 153. When the accent is on the laft fyllable but two in thefe words, they are invariably pronounced with the i long, as criticife, e^uahfe. 154. In the termination ite, when the accent is on it, the i is always long, as requite. When the accent is on the laft fyllable but one» it is always (hort, as refpite (140). pronounced as if written r^pit^ except contrite ; but when the accent is on the laft fyllable but two, the i is generally long : the eicepdons, however, are fo many, that a catalogue of both will be the beft rule. 155. The f is long in ejc/ieditcj recondite jincondttte^ hemuiphrodite, Carme&tey theodxilite, coamopQUteychryaoUte^ ertrmte^ aconiteymargoritey marcoiite^paraute^a/i^ ftelitcy bi/iartite, tripartite^ quadripartite^ convertite^ OHchoritCy fntuite^ scaelliie. As the word ftands in Kenrick's DxCdonzry fa^tellitt haying the i (horts and the accent on the fecond fyllable, it is doubly wrong. The i m the laft fyllable is fhortened alfo by W. Johnfton and Perry, but made long, as it ought to be, by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott» and Mr. Narep. See Reconditb. 156. The f is fliort in cucurbitcy ingenitCy definite^ ind^finite^ injimte^ kypocriee^ favourite, reqtdsiteypre-requimtejperquisitey exquisite, oppoeiteyVJiA oppoeite* He^ teroclite has the i long in Sheridan, but (hort in KenricL The former u, in my opinion, the beft pronunciation, (fee the word in the Didiionary;) but tte^ ia what may be called a Gentile terminatbn, has the i always long} as in Hiviu^ Samnite, co/mopo/ite, bedlamite^ &c. 157. lie termination ive^ when the accent is on it^ is always longt as in hivt^ SOUNDS OF THE LE TTKR / ^ tiiuft tfi the t^v^'pvfd^, ^ftt^v 9f^i anil thf *V cmnpf*UTi*if , fyvift'^ ^^i^f. irr t U - ;« ^raernf, kc, rhyming wjih^'t^- (t5o)tCicq>i the«H»d bCA esand fubflaniivcs of tHs tenpftiatiofi, wbeatfic The I h fiht k J j.r._.c„. Li H It t^rni^K^t J -n/tf/Ai, but long in f' . the I long and tlcndct, :iii H Mr, Pcrrv, Buchiman» and '4 It both ways • vci tljcflt-'tid-T . s^fidW. J*3l, :h. The bit 'ait the former morr amtlo^' :r(n©t write it olfih, :i^ Mr, N ?«, mMiiAti tor fear ot dcr»»nm[; tr 0;A«|aft Mr N'are?^ obfcrvcsi h^is i ^^t>£Trd. thit tJie Latin Is &ptutti. and not tfpaqum* . T1-. infi^ h;ivc ihc t loTig., ctcept tO rttf!fnixt ; i^vhtch ! -le> follow I the general mlc, and has ihe -vi- tv^ (J4DJ To ihe^c obfeirrttiona wc ttiaf ' W/ fiipprcf*i tbr iV as it' wrfu.n **V ^ntl ^-rtfV, yei rvc %x% found dlftio^Iyi and that Lutm ought never ^ generally at fcbooh, as if wnucn iMfn. C^tifin ;ind n f;c^?: inTn; mi:y \hz uat vowcli, as if fpdlcd rc^w, and ate only dinfmguilh^bk L totiWcrr, ^^ Thtti'T sty there is in the found of iLh Iciier when it ^Hk #QC acL n ctiftom will permit, bow ciireful wc r^nglit ^Kto be 10 p , th.it '* confufioo may not be worfe HP cefifcciul.' lit given mjf, pt.rbaps,4flf»rd fttmc* ' 1 -\ 'i^' . .: ,. v, dinr& aiinihia kbyrinth, and it ii hoped it will cnabU the fffnnofin^c with more certainty and decirion. J':r the vowel -^, that when a hard ^ or r preceded *,•■ t iiAerpnfedjihe better to unite the Iciiers, aiid f it'tcn the {fTQxA of the tOTifottitm. The fame may be obfcrvcd of the IciUf A When Jed by hatj^ or k\ which i& but Another form for hard r, it * an r \^rrc infertcd bccweeii the e onfon;ini and the vo^'el i -^uU^gm^, Ju' ' ■' ' "ri. are pronounc* rlMt two iiidi diilcrciR leUcr^ as a and r i . . r by the hard gtntuniU, jf, r, and i ; btit ly CMJn poled of ^ and r, (57/) oui fnrprile ceafes | he- cm pci fe^tly uniform in ^ts proccdnre, and en» m this view €f the analogy wc may fee how 1 £i iiir'tiijiius writer on this fubje^, who fap, relation, heard only 011 our llagc*" , ,i^v ^;- r^^ No. 91. .1 unworthy cf notice, that when this letter is un- -n'"-'' : > \ iUff &c* it is frequently pronounced ■ ^' -vr' ^, .: Jtc, were written itnmUk„ visMkf *^-» lad «i«n/i, A'j^jjJy* ^c* tike ij6i?rw^//, cbafiuiiyf &c>i byt it may be ob- fcrvcd^ Thtti '^^ I be 10 p *CMtfctSlUl.' i ^te hi , DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER O, ferved) that die pure ibundof i like g in tbef^^ words is as much the sntrk of an elegant fpeakcr as that of the u injngular, educ^tty &c» See No. 179. o; 161. Grammarians have generally allowed thit letter but thrise founds. Mr. Sheridan inftances them in nct^ note, prove. For a fourth. I have added Uie 0 in Uvff fiovtf &c. ; for the fifth, that in vr» nor^fwi and a fixtht that in wom^ff, i6a* The firfl and only peculiar found r>f this letter is that by which it Is named in the alphabet : it requires tlie mouth to be formed* in i^mt degrce» like the letter, in order to pronounce it. This may be called its long open found, as the o in prnve may btr called its long {lender ibund, (65 . ) This found we find in words ending with (ilent/* as tong^i^ney ahw; or when ending a fyU lable with the accent upon it, a^ motion^ po-unif &c. ; likewife in the moM»fylla- bles, gOi so no. 1 his found is found under feveral combinations of other voweh with this letter, as in moan^ groan , bowy (to {boot with), iovf (not high), and before^ in the words ofl.ghift^poft^ ^uft, and before y/" in ^ro/f, 163. The fecond found of this letter is called its Siort iound, and is found j^ 0«/, goti lou &c» ; though this, as in the other (hort vowels, is by no means the {hort fi>und of the former long one, but conrefponds exa^y to that of a in mfhat, with which the words isro/, gf^ i terh^tthc fjme founJ m n<: tin«e. ;initk»it« 00 urAt ^^^ ^t etta t6y. J ate, efuhr 100 nd d ftmnmr* There arc Tnntty cxccpliotix to Uii» nile, at i I*, fst^tfonm (a £ed%)*firf^ hmdu p&r^k^ pnrtf if^i, itc. which i of ihia letter. fcngtikcoed before r, when tcrmifiauriET ^ mmmWUhUt or ubnant; stndf like a loo, ia i •. hy a dfipUciition w*^y hear by comparing the cojj,.i..^„. u er with the famt f/, Ac, ; for though the r is not doubled to the ere Injfaeidf 00 itf it i« a* effcdhiallf doubled to the ear hs \i writfen ufoca&t of another kind fucceed tlie r tn thi$ fitu.itiojiN we uomify liable ; thu^ ihe « m ftfihard \% ai long a» in ■. m firpiiiif as in the v ord/ftr ; bitt the o 'morijLf lowed by a vc>^*eh ilie * if as Ihort as if the #* were n Arrifice Mixd firrn^e^ See No, Bi, ' I » rxailly corrcfpcndmg en the » in hull^/mU^ g only in the following wnrds, may be calM it)cfe words arc ^v^»b^i», Ifmam^ werfifiif ^w&lf, and the pro- ii^^'^€fflfr^ and iVoix^erhampt^tu Imeguiar and unQennifd S&undt* HHat wa^ obi'crred of the a^ when followed by a hquiu ^md a motc^ he oyrrted of the « with equal juitncis, 1 his letter, like a, has a ICfK to IcDgthcDt when followed by a Ilqiird and .inorher < r, or b^* /and « ipoif. But this kngibof a^ in thi^ fitu.HiutK cry day ^^ and, as it would be ^rols to a liegrtw lo found ^ - , - ! ' c the 4 Infaim^pfaim^ 6c c. fo tt would Ue equal - Jt iiR^v|#utinabk to prcm in p9'Itttt hftfo-itnt^ &c* ihcrcii in cii found nearly as long as in p&'Ur and ftQ^mh See. idCowKANO* It may likcwife bcobfervcd, thai the v,jj)prcticd m a final unaccLntcd fjrliable when preceded by id hy n* as ktnettf bntiQn^ iiraon^ he^kfjn, rethcn^ pronounced hmifi^ JtiU^nt hitlhff nfk*n ; and when r h preceded by aooiher confo- nantf k tiv DIFFERENT SOUNDS OP THE LETTER U. aant> ^s/alcon^ prononnced /a"'■ ^vifh ibc |>cctdWiiy cm accoaoi of related tu it i and htilir aad /ig^ • ■(i u-ui iiir ' ' : I'^ED 10 iJve oUitr c ^iddcij . t htijfiir^ and tile V£iUfc every word iti \Xi^ wLuk iuiga^ij^e wtictr the 11 it ab- ' -I ptc^fi to give hulk and /f^ 'ut L luliowed, rhc uord; ji^C '^^' vtiumerou^; and we c;i. u cardul to tr: • '?^o iiu iTjeguWity. WJ. vowei i^: piie- ct4&$ b> bicf it has a Ibund llimewhat ionger th^n thts mld^ dUfntir. ...,,.,,,, a writ! en p^ : tbu«, rw^, irw, Skd arc pronouoce^ t : r,v _. : ", t ^i rws^ |r^ &C. (339). I- i: J L i - rcmajiccd, that this faiind of m, cscept in the word /ulkr^ I t> u J V. id, ffornthe learned Ian guii^^cii ; fot Jalminatii^/iiimfmtkfft ri: ., ' \ i^fktrt^ &c. found die 11 a^ in duU^ guii^ &c. and tlic u %npm h' :. rVkt the fame kttcr m /W. So the pure Enghih wordi, ? ' rrt/, prcicrve the u in us fccond ibundtaii d'c not h.^ ..— --i Ihoit and obfcure found of the unaccenitd it* It Ivi DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE LETTER Y. It may, indeed, be obfenred, thae there is fcarceFf any thing more diftinguifhes a perfon of mean and gooi edacation than the pronunciation of the onaccenxed vowels, (547) {S5^)> When vowels are under the accent, the prince, and the loweft of die people in the metropolis, with retj few eiceptrons. pronoance them in die fame manner ; but the unaccented vowels in the mouth of the former have a didindl. open, and fpecihc found, while the latter often totally fink them, or change them into fome other found. Thofe, therefore, who wifh to pronounce elegandy, muft be particularly attentive to the unaccented vow- els ; as a neat pronunciation of thefe, forms one of the greacteft beauties of fpeaking. i8o- T final, either in a word or fyllabfe, is a pure vowel, and has exa^Iy the fame found as i would have in the fame fituation. For this reafbn, prm- tersywho have been the great correflors of our orthography, have fubftituted the I in its ftead, on account of the too great frequency of this letter in the En- glifli language. Thatjr final is a vowel, is univerfally acknowledged ; nor need we any other proof of it than its long found, when followed by * mute, as in fbjmef rhymes &c. or ending a fyllable with the accent upon it, as Buyimg^ €ydir^ Sec. this may b^ called its firft vowel found. 1 8 1 . The fecond found of the vowel jr is iu fhort found, heard irifyfiemffyn- tmif &CC, Irregular and Unaccented Soundiu 182. The unaccented found of this letter at the end of a fyllable^ like that of i in the fame fituation. is always like the firft found off/ thus v/uw/^, pUu^ rifyf &€• and if found alone were confulted, might be written mamtft^ pkwrifety &c. 185. The excrptiott to this rule is, when/ precedes they m a: final fyllable» they is then pronounced as long and open as if the accent were on it : thus S^J^fjt ^uaHJy^ Sec. have the lafr fyllable fomided like that in defy. This long found continues when the y is changed into i, vtijuftifiabk, quaiyittble. ficc. The fame may be obferved of mtdtiply and mubiplhhhf &c. ; occupy and oecupia- hht &c. (512). 184. There is an irregular found of this letter when the accent is on* tt iq fanegyric, when it is frequendy pronounced like the fecond found of ^ ; which would be more corref^ if its true found were preserved, and it were to rhyme with Pyrrhic ; or as Swift does with Satiric : <* On me when 'unoet tre fttiri " I uke it for Apamgyrkk" Thus we fee the fame irregularity attends this letter before double r, or before fingle r, followed by a vowel, as we find attends the vowel i in the fame fitua- tion* So the word Syrinx ought to preferve thejr like i pure, and the word Jyrtu (hould fouad the y like e Uiort, though the firft is often heard improperly^ like the Uft. 185. But the moft uncertain found of this letter ts, when it ends a i^llablc immediately preceding the acoei^ In this ca6 it is fubje^k t»die fome vftriety • as ©UFFEREKT SOUNDS OF THE LKTTER I*. hU ait&e Jrtter j m the ikiDt rituauau ^fi^i nothing bat sk catalogxic wiU give ut »T * ' t : ' ■ " . point i ^^cd by the fccisciiUj^ accent tfi l^y \^ iiiioat Uk lead rcafcm from an«** ^^ktdk h4*c liie / lung iu Mr* i vterof ibtr ffCMtidtry accent, (530) l*h*: f i Wfl and hyper hit ; which 4 re grncr-ill^ bc*ird Ktnruk ha% nviriicd the Uucr Iliort, ^^^fljjd sod t h< v Irj Tig 1 i k c w i fc . In hypftthtjti t Ij c / i s mt/rc frcq ucnt- i- -vr/iV /it is mote ircqiiciitly loiigihmi Ilifirt; ^ -^ I Hon Afyrahlaft und myr&peUfi m^y hiive Jl J gencr;tUy ftinri^ a^d iM^/Atf- iary accent, ^530,) altnoft a1* ^ die firft jf always long, la X . ; i^f./jij always. Pjhru i h^ tlic . J tiiinlc tmproperly* in^/ftfmiiij/ he marks ihc n^ it is generally he;ird llion^ ^s xvk ff^ram^si^ la fccimd fyiliblc, he marks diejtfkori^ much rnora -.40 places the accent on the frit fylbblc, and markf J.) Sjfm^iUtJjmdi affJJFfi^nimiif andjTMerjTyf/, have thcjf ^B vJwai . itrviri: ^'t/irr'i^c^ A**- oiight like wife 10 have the fime Icutf ihart, a* we fjrilti.nitkth 'loo &tiaucnj. ^'pJ)j ytnd ij^f'af/iif ought to h4vc the hfi\ jf long* us we find it 'tt» By-^hanan^ W, Johnftont Kenricki and Perry» ihoagh frc* ;ugh tyrattrnmi ha* the V marked 111 on by Nlr. Per* ?Jic long iband, as we fee it marked by Mr, Sbcri* kaf» tsr tbf accent 5 and, perhaps we fhould cDtitrihinc to the wgalirity of the bn- pfCt if^wWi «vcare in doubtf we Hionld rather incline tQ tlie ihon thaa the W{ mod o£ tlieie letters, 1^9. Tbir w ftcal » a v ii ttfuir^leM 10 oo ; ^^^ ^^v he perceived in the found of note, taw^eU ^^* tt &irfiai a real i\v < compofed of the ^ in ^a^ier^ and tlie 00 in ww - ^ -f r 4t the end of a fyllablc* without affeiling the [Itnation it may be called ftrvilcj as in Lg^t to ^ h BIPH- tviii DIFFERENT SO0NDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS. DIPHTHONGS. 190. A diphthong is a double yowcI, or the union or mixture of two vowels Iftonounced together, fo as only to make one fyllable ^ as the Latin aeQT^,oe or ff> the Greek t<, the Englifh ahou^ &c. 191. This is the general definition of a diphthong: but if we examine it clofely, we (hall find in it a want of predfion and accuracy.* If adiphthong be two Towel founds in fuccefiion, they muft necdlarily form two fyllables, and therefore* by its very definition, cannot be a diphthong ; if it be iuch a mix- ture of two vowels as to form but one fimple found) it is v^ry improperly called a diphthong ; nor can any Aich funple mixture exift* 192. The only way to reconcile this feeming contradidion,. is to fnppofe that two vocal founds in fuccefiion were fometimes proaouneed fo clofely to- gether as to form only the time of one fyllable in Greek and Latin verie. Some of thefe diphthongal fyllables we have in our own language, which only pais for monofyllablei in poetry 7 thusiw (wages) is no more ui;lt one fyllable in "verfe^ though perfedly equivalent to higher (more high)» f^ich generally paf* fes for a difiy liable : die fame .may be obienred of dire or Jyer^ Aour znd power ^ &c. This is not uniting two vocal found into one fimple found, which is im- ^ ^(lible, but. pronouncing two vocal founds in fucceflion fo rapidly and fo clofe- ly as to go for only one fyllable in poetry. 1 93 .. Thus the-beft definition I have found of a diphthong is that given us by MrrSmith. in his Scheme for a French and Englifh Di^ronary. ^* A diph* «f thong (fay^ this gentleman) I would define to be two fimple vocal (bunds <« uttered by one and the fame emtfiioo of breathy and joined inr fuch a man- « ner that each lofes a portion of its natural length ; but fiom the jundion ^ produceth a compound found, equal in the time of pronouncing to cither of M diem uken feparately, and fo making liill but one fyllable." 194* '* Now if we apply this definition (fays Mr. Smith) to the feveral *^ combinations that may have been laid down and denominated diphthongs ^ by former orthoepifts, I believe we fhall find only a fmall number of them ^ meriting this name." As a proof of the truth of this obfervaMn» we find^ that mod of thofe tocal affcmblages that go under the name of diphthongs emit but a fimple fbund» and that, not compounded of the two vowels, but one of them only, founded long : thus pain aaidpantypaU 2adpakt ^rar and heref are perfcAly the fame founds. 195. Thefe obfervatioQS naturally lead us to a diftindion of diphthongs^in- to proper and improper : the proper are fuch as haxt two diftiii& rocal founds^ and the improper fuch as have but one. . X96. The proper diphthongs are, ea oceatk k qoeftion ey^ boy eu feud of voice na afiuage . enu jewel . ou pound »/ maniaetude ia poniard cw bow m languid. $e fpaniel In this aflemblage it is impofiible not to fee a manifcft diftin^on between thofe which begin wim. e or i, and the re&. In thofe beginaing with cicber of thefe vowels *^ We fee bow miny dlfptitet the fimpis and ainbigvoiis natore of voweti crested among mmmaria&s, and how it has begot the miftake cononnhiE diphthongs ; all that are propei'ly M are fyJUbl^ and not diphthoi^gi, at iaundcd to be fignified byjthat word. £M6r. DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DU tttUONC JiB. Gx i it verc, to aiiic Lxir vOQtmmciite I wostsitKi^ we or tit VBM UXtTi-,i A *v»«,| lake the comirr-"' • ™ '— " ''ly to din (cnjtuj, : I and as tbefc di; f ^^i'lc: [ami . cikC* lor liic JciKr w, wir Etgs (8) ; and wljcn iojTT .... z .\ cl.c preceding i^ r, or I; und dr^iw^ tKcm into the atpi- 'f-^^. I'boJc found in llie tcnnin^ "^'^' • "■ v be ' . r . ^ jTongs alfD, an the 0 and u hn^c l>u . rnft J too# m pnlUng, thai the rca'bn %viiv m jt: (^jmemdi IS bccTufe when w ii f. IJov,'cd bv anodicr vo^'d ill v,u'tL, w oiop^ its confoiiiUit ^ad ^t the begiimifijjt and I ^H i|^j. Tbr improper ili|pjiiho0gi are, ^H £t Odkt ia clean k friend ^H ji mm i£ reed lo coat ^^^^^ 49 gaol ri ceih'ng' 4ff ceconorny ^^^H #< ought i» people €9 moon ^^^Hu. sw law rr they iH«f crow, ^^^|Bpb Tb^ trbhilionRA having but two founds arc mtrtlf ocular» and nmft 0jf (for ewes} eou plenteous /foi view tsu bcaarf '^^ ;idku ota Toancruvrc* Of aO didtf combmatioiis of vaweU we ihdl ireat in thrir Jtlphabctioil or- vfJI. s is a dRphtJiong, fays Dr. JohtifoTit of very frequent wfe in thcl -. ^*^^^^'ch fecms not properly to have :iny place in the Englifh ; ^ iins has been locg out of ufc. being changed lOf fimplc ; qucnily occurring, the jt of the Remans ii, in the fame 1 fquatQr, f^uiiit^^iaii and even in Enem^ lOO, btJtUvottgn ihc diphthong*** perfe^ly afekfs in our language, Att fobdiuititxi o^ * in its {le;id, in C^/at and /neaSf i;^ recommended by DrJ Jio^aicm, ifte do aoi lind his authority has totally .innilul.itcd it, rfpeci;ilty in ' prrjpir jiamri and lechnica! term^' derived from the learned languages. Cafar^ it)fiAfJt ' 1 ''''■ the diphthong, as well as eertain words wiiidt nre od^r pluniis or genitives, in Latin word& not naturalt^edp mt^omu* r*^ir. r^lrr*^ ir.TWj7 -I'tV^, tttm' tuffji, 10^ tier t' rj t . » I jrcnt\ fiftcr- fmru ••x' -i iiMiAj VM^ ,Li».iK. *-* ij l>roiid opni, yd >^. *. •• m Tiuif coincidence ; m dcfiajicc uf !>oth flfteis, •• 1^- mpiny o(Jakfftf havni* vaunt ^ tauntx daunt. ; *^' c lit does piecifely the fame duty k ^ . jr ** ft* " '^(ijedjJ ; in yi#uwf^r 4nd ^uW/f ; u ■•ir- \ Jlatt/tf/f ; Al now juiliy ^i gcr4. li\ "ritfAft ff*»Jf imiii^ (tiic t>ld bdrkci)» Cf^ntmamis /attrn\ famkr ; hrtmh^ ^vu*^, '^ /mi$t ktdt/oMck JaMndkf aXo^vl pleaded u radical ; and vtt wa« f^und **«(»< /A^aif. So with aitniw mud rtiyrn totnith and etymology {vf\%<^ dd " ljitailvaryijoi& itfucl. tjxii, k^nt^ vanft tant% dant. j^anip p^afifi ; and even ll>c ** Ttaoilbk M3^^^ ,\ with her mand m bafket in her h;iTid. She had. ^ mdcxdi almc^d 1 ;r!^gc% liiough Alli^» had oot kft the bnd, Ai^hcn ** Wiaief^(e*rktr;:. :cd i « bro^id fay) (kiU i^ot in EngUth precede /ft ^ Athmcd eidkr ^/ •« ^- > o«^nta1> or by 2 fibtUiWTi ; that is» 4ju fhaU nc^t be fol- , "lawtdhj ftf, tt/f «fr, Ji/jfr, or wjf. No ftich founds being lulTcrablc in ihc " EagTifii Jyflcffit ^^ ^t$itff emd^ uuncht aumtf or stin^e ; iherc IIiaU be no fucb [**fisibh9Cti* Ahke are tj-iereforc inSfpcnLihh* f^unt and Jam i hand uni * mnrf, dmc^ and ^at^- h'amh md /a»r^» ^^is/^r and fmiter ; Sandt znd htf full ^ Uf SomtStr, In all fuchi d far from brc^ad or open, is Ocndcr and ihut i •' ytf Bardly ibortcr than if the fileut afpiration imeipofcd in ahnt^ fiiktUer^ ^Mmi^ k^ittf and tbc reft. Before ff|r, indeed, (/ is alfo Hcnder, bui open ; l^'oa^i^ bat fi ,- guarded thcrciwe by its own (i) fcrvilc (as mc fjw in » 1^ pbtt) agaioH erery danger of ehm^i^ Fnun AXidfmm tcniain doubtlcf* [•* io/nv ^d/a^tfMf^ uitidttfrcd by the adfcititioos dcpreffivc fibilanE," Pft^- 4: ,.^ ,;-. 7 ;* |^^ PlBmt^ voL i. page 1 7 1 - >^»^i>/t which are very properly clalTcdby Mr, Narci amoog . n iux\^ the Inng Italian ^ mf^ther^ arc in^irked by Mr. Sheridan rnl of ^iniMt kngth«ued into the found of u \i\ father^ by plac* >a it Si€iuntb ii fpcllcd without ihe n by Johnfon » and lliereforc ^ " , r»?d by Mr. Nares in the iibove lift, ^^ ii6, /Vi*. v-ir feem to be tbc only rc;il cxceplions lo thi* found of ^Pimdteirl^k i as ibefe worda arc chiefly contined lo tragedy, thfif '* srT -^ -f:^^-,; :o " fret and ftrut ihcir hour upon the llage" in ilicold Iradi- I It: ' tig ispronoanced like long 0 in hmuh&y* as if written io ^oy ; .i ^apljjfv^ii^t'^ tattfilf and laudanum \ as if written €GliyiQWfr% In £i3»2^, &u has Uie found of llender ^i and rhymes with iS at corrtipt prommeiatioo of ibis diphthong among the vulgar, ^^jc ^u in d^ughttr^ fmat^ faui^ir^ '^x\d fituty^ ihc found of the I V a* if wrilien dartir^farcff far£fr^ ^ndfarey ; but this pro- 1^11*01 be t300 e;iref Lilly :i voided. .'*« in y corrupiioflof iliC dipliibonj^, whkli Mr. SHttH^xxiViu lulopudi fcetui con^atd to ihe Ht;igc. Sec tli* word. 3;;. TWpctteniDfpttfc^ tenle of «j/is lomctimcs wriiicn #!.% partlcul:^!^ tr;^ L^rti Boungbmlitt nul frequently 1 3ind,perlup^ moTC corrc^ly, prowounc- wdtU dpcd^Uf in ixduid ; but r&ien always prcfcrvcft the ra longn. JT_ X/ in C'^ffU ':% long wlicn U flgiiities iimoremt And Jliort wliCQ it ftglli* M Jtrful i^cc the wordp : > in the prcfcitt teaiCf ;md fliott in the p)e of loltJit h frequently fre«nni • c/ (a wager); and if utility were the only ohjc^ of taugiagc, unly hz the preferable pr^^inunctairon, as nothiHj rtaodi more to obtcunty than verbs which have no diiereitt furm for then IfTclHt 4fMl pad timet ; but fdihion in ihht *a% in many other cafes* triumphs ovtf ti>f jmd proprieij | a&d if/| for the paA time and pjurticipk of ^ai mud » ¥' a. ; iri4_ Arittf^ . (TiiC IK sd like the (hcnt r in the followmg words ^ Ahrtwtt^ li ve ), ckafdihy ticadf dca diuf datf^ drvfrn , deur^h^ dmih% li'Mi^ rariih tarihm^tarthlyy CTidrav^ury/rufhrf^iieedf /infi htavy^ JcahtiM, un/ifarl, ij^ittead^ lead* leaden^ triidpkof to tfanj^tmrn^ itartfing^ iraJitr%lcavrrt^ 'trU feuaant^ fih^Qmni^ filrmianf^ /drumntnt^ fdea^ut'c^ . )i rmdiii j rcadtncAS^ na !ij^ rtatff}^ rchtararJ^ rrftmr*e^ rurth^^/^read^ nirad^ &fci.i(/att^ fiCeudUf^fitifih^ Mi^ihy^ ,^ ^tyftthn\ iftam^ zruhi^ ^en/onMt zruiomii/. , comi^oanded of %faK ^s ijiftanccs-of c It is ceftuinty the more iifa,il icjundi ly btco made in the Howfc of Coninifms m pro^ ^, i?r noun. It is a commendable 3teal to endeavour to iw^mn \he itogtuge A3 weU as the conditution ; but ^'hciher, if tlicfe words ^1^ alirredi, ft vcmld he n real reformation, may admit of fome difpute. Sec * ~ Timimriipt^ No* f 15, and the word Zialot, 2^6, ilW^ft- tij Ixiv DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONQS A'^ &o 256. ffcardf the paft time and participle of bear^ is fometimes corruptly" pron as beaut bureau^Jlavtheau^ portmanteau. In beattty and its compounds it has the firft (bund of o, as if written bewty. EE.' 246. This diphthong, in all words except thofe that end in r, has a faiieezed found of long open e formed by a clofer application of the tongue tdVbe roof of the mouth, than in that vowel iingly, which is dt(Ungui(habie to a nice ear. in the different founds of the verbs toj^^f^ and to nieet^ and the nouns jS^a and meat. This has always been my opinion ; but, upon confulting (bme good fpeakers on the occafion, and in particular Mr. Garrick, who could find no dtf- i)prence in the fowd of tbefe words^ I am lefs confident in giving it to the Pub- lic. Ac Jinf mte f k b wtiil^ ^«r nuti ««i«r. or THE TJTPHTHOlSu Mi. ULv itct cs but rcry ti tfiing, aad I {kill ibcnfort con* Duly^ lo iht ward hrtfchit profiottnccd as p for #t>rr ^/. I ounds , When g^ comes atter i3 1 1 . im of the S4X0I1 guttural fboiuli ) ■lot ^4SL Tbc goicra] iboiici oftHIs diphthong ftemi to be the f^uns at #f » when mid thr -'«' *. t.:.4. i* ^i;.' Jong tlcndcr ji r but the other ibaodf am fo mnacD^ l .^ ue o ^' t It c in »IL £j riiv uii lu jqJ ui iMu^ flenjcr* In tfiig^^ fwm, /#»«, 'W/ir Maami« Aftr, ktirttu inxm^ht ^mi't^h^ nei^^t/iant rfifttf tftfir, thaa ihoufijtbrt . f% -tiwcl iutuTiJ as wbca followed by otlicf Cuulqu.iiUv; «% ^ fo! oth vowel* li ke erh;ip«« i:ooirty llic t . r^CRce, however, is fb delicate as to render tliis dillitse* !* L L L :. J ,;r. oJicc, lltc fiimc obfcrvatjonf are applicable to the words J /tj/ ' ■'*^: See tlic word Eight, Qd rf long open t m imtt in the following words and _; clafs. See the word . i.s pronoimced a^ rhymitig with pkiifmn % but» in y : for if it b€ allowed th *t cullom i| equally dlyi- , \ o pronounce the di plilhong long, a* more cipi cffi vc i lO it, (14')' 1 ^TTther arc To often pronounced cyMkcr and ni^k^htr^ that di cUh they Ucbng. Analogyhowcvcrp wiihom hefi- V ng the found of hmg open t^ rather tlianthat of/, and II TT,! , V I :' .'Vf .one who breathes. This is the pronunciiitinn Mr. G^T < t -1^. n tlirfc words I but the true analr«gical found of the diph- t/ion^. ,n rj:; . T of the flendcr «, as if written ay ihir ^^dnay-thtr^ '" - -^ .red in Ireland, hot is not favoured by one of our Jan, Mr, 8coit, Mr, Elphlnfton^ Mr. Perry, Mr, ,i«£L\, : unin^r, and Dr. Jones » nil pronounce thefe words with the iffctk/' w t. W. Johnflon ahme adopts the found of long i C3ccl«- C ' . \ Mrrand i'^n but prefers the fir ft, but gi*es ^ iTively: Mr. Coote fayi* thefe words are genc- :hc i in 7nhe. Mr Barclay gives no dcicrip- L J . , (Ut fiiy* is^i/if?' is fomeiimei pronounced rt//^fr» *vr ; aod Mr Nares lays, *' rili'^r and nnihfr arc fpoken bf * ! (lai^ of lniv4 J I r have iK^xd even that f^f long a given to , is nlfo in ufCi I think it is preferable Tliefc ... ,i^n from ignorance of the regular found of «" '" i©I»i; ^UIMi VI Tj gu the Fw^gular'^found o*^ this diphthoTiGj Mr* Nar«s wc need only iafpe^ N(?* Xf^and J 5? to fee that : "* the Ixvi DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS -BO, Sec. the (bund of it is the more general found* and therefore ought to be called the regular ; but where there are fo many mftances of words where this diphthong has the long found of r, and cuftom is fo uniform in diefe words* there can be no doubt which is the true found. ' . 253. £f has the found of long open i, in l^tgbt zxL^JUgbu rhyming with tvbite aDd right. Height i5« indeed, often heard rnyming with eight and weighty and that among very refpedable fpeakers | but cuftom feenu to decide in fa- vour of tlie other pronunciation, that it may better uUy with the adjective higS^^ of which it is the abftrad. 254. Ei has the found of fliort ^, in the two ix^ords Aafir and nofipardlf pro- nounced^^r and nonpareil, 255. Ims diphthong, when unaccented, like at (208), drops the former vowel, and is pronounced like fhort i, in foreign^ foreigner fforfeiif forfeiture^ fi- vereigttffovcreigniyf furfeiti counterfeit* EO. 256. This diphthong is pronounced like e long in peopk^ as if written /«f/ir / and like e (hort in leopard ^aid jeopardy 9 as if written leppard snAJeppardy ; and in the law Xtrmsfeojififeoffer^ ztiA feofhtent^ as if vrntvtnfefee^fefirt ^Xidfeffment. 257. We frequently near thde vowels contraded into (hort o in geography p and geomitry^ as if written y^^^d^ii^ sokdjommetry ; but this grofs pronunciation feems daily wearing away, and giving place to that which feparatfsthe vowels into two diftindt fyllables, as it is always heard in geographiealf geometer fgeametri-. calf and geometrician. Georgic is always heard as if written/or^/c, and moft be given up as incorrigible (116). 258. Eoi^ heard like long u xn feod^ feodalyfeodatory^ which are fometimes written as they are ^rotkOonctdffeudffeudaU feudatory. 359. Eoy when unaccented, has the found of u (hort in surgeouysturgemf dud- geouf gudgeon^ bludgeon^ curmudgeon^ dungeon^ luncheon^ puncheon^ truncheouf hwrgeonp iahergeoHt but in scutcheonfeicutcheonyptgeonf and widgeon f the eo founds like (hort i. 260. £0 founds like long 0 in yeoman and yeomanry % the firft fyllable of which words rhyme with^^, notjb. See the words. ' z6 1 . £0 in galieon, a Spanifh (hip, founds as if written galloon^ rhyming with moon. EOU. 262, This affemblage of vowels, for they cannot be properly called a triph- thong, is o(ten contracted into one fyllable in profe, and poets never make it gm for two. In cutaneous and vitreous^ two fyllables are palpable; but in gorgeous and outrageous tlie foft g coalefcing with e feems to drop a fyllable, though polite pronunciation wiU always preferjee it. 263. ThisaiTemblage is never found but in an unaccented fyllable, and gene- rally a final one ; and when it is immediately preceded by the dentals dor f, it melts them into the founds of J and tci : thus hideout and piteoue are pro- nounced at if written hijeous and pitcheout. The fame may be obferved of righteous f pkhteouf, homiteouSf courteous^ heauteousf and duteoufp (293) (294). £U. Z64. This diphthong is always founded like long u or ewt and is fcarcely ever irregular : thus/?i^dr, deitccf 5cc.are pronbimced as if writtcnyJw/, dewce, Sec. DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS J^.H'j kc. Ixvii 265. Tbis dijJitbcmg is pronounced like long », and is aimed always rrgii. lar. There is a comipt pronunciation of it like 90 chiefly in London, where wc fometiines bear Jevfj and tutv pronounced as if written t/oo and noo ; but when r precedes this diphthong, as in bremf^erewy drewt &c. pronouncing it like oo, isfcarccly improper. Sec 17^» 339* 266. Shrai and i/mii have almoft left tbis dafs, and by Jobnfon's recommen* dation are become .^^w zndjirovf, as they are pronounced. The proper name Urevf/huryf however, dill retains the e^ though always pronounced Shrow/bury. &v}, with a needle, always rhymes with no ; and/rci^^r, fignifyinga drain, is generally pronoanced ^tr/ •* hnife^uterf an officer, rhymes with ^^rui^r. Sec Seww. 1^7. £« b fometimes pronounced like atu in the verb to chttv ; but this is t;rQ& and vulgar. To cbe^ ought always to rhyme with ne^^ vUw, &c. EfF£. 268. This txipbthoog exifts only in the word ewe^ a female (heep ; which is proooanccd exaoEdj iiie ytWf a tree, or die plural perfonal pronoun yoa. There is a fu^ar proounciation of tbis word as if written yjt^ rhyming with doct whidi mud be carcfiitly avoided. See the word. 269. Wbeo the accent is on this diphthong, it is always pronounced like ay^ crUke its kindred diphthong, ei, in vetnyreij^nt-kc: thus bey, dey, grfy,prty^ they^ iriy^ «R&7, e^, tcmvey^ fmrvey^ furvty^ hey^ fyre^ and eyrty^ are always heard as if written hay^ day, &€. Key and Ly are the only exceptions, which always rhyme withy^ (320) • 270. Eyj when unaccented, is pronounced like ee : rhus gaUey\ valley ^ alley ^ harltyf ftc. are prononnced as if wiittcn goIUe^ vallect &c. The nounyj/nTjr, tlierefore, if we place the accent on the £rit fyllable,- is anomalous. See tiie wori ETE. 271. This ttiphtbonfi^ ii only found in the word eys^ which is always pro* noimced like the ktter /. Af. 372. This diphtboog, in the terminations ian^ iaU iardf and iaie^ forms but one fyU^kythonrh the i in this dtnatioo, having the fqueezed found of ^^ perfe<5tly iunilzi 10 y^ gives the fyUable a double ibund, very didinguidiaMe in its nature AtJA a i^^le formed withont the i : thus ChriJHan^ JOalf poniani^, conciliate ^ found as tf written Cbrtfi-ycuif fi-ymU pon-yard^ concil-yate^ and have in the lad fyllahle an evident mixture of the ibund 6i y confonant (113). 273. In dummuif thefe vowels are properly no diphthong ; and in profe, the vord ong^t to have three difttoft fyllahle^ ; but we frequently hear it fo pro- mnced as to diop tfie # entirely, and as tf written dimand* This^ however, u a cormptioii thai ongjht to be avoided* 274. In Ixviii DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS IE, Sec. 274. In csrringey marriage^ parliament and miniature^ the a is dropped, and the f has its fhort foundi as if written car ridge , marridgey fariimentp mimture (90}. TE. 275. The regular found of this diphthong \i that of ^^ as in gl^ifQe^ Mi^ fondf lieff l0rgef chiefs kerchiefs kandiercbie/^audiiomer^grfHa^rtBct. i^ar,ifchdthelodgfi>and6f the fame letter in tier^ frieze. 278. In variegate the beft {>roiianctation is t6 foiihd both tt)^^ls diftinaly like e, as if written vary e^gate, 279. In the numeral terminations in ietbf 2s twentieth, tbirtieib^ 3cc. the vow- els ought alio to be kept diftindl ; the firft like open e^ as heard in the^ in twenty^tbirty, &c. and the fecond like (hort e, heard in breathy deatby &c. 2S0. Injiery too, the vowels are heard diftrndly. 281 . In orient and fpamet where thefe letters cottlfe afiter i fiqUtd, &^y are pnmoanced dillin^ly ; ^tid great care fhould be taken not tf6 letthe laft 'word degenerate inxo Jpannel (113)- 282* When thefe letters meet, in confequence of forming the plurals of nouns, they retain either the long or (hort found they had in the fingular, without tncreadng the number of fyllables : thus a^ makes^nv, a Ik makes Uti^ company makes companies^ and digniiyt Sgnitku The (aitte may be obfcrv* ed of the third perfons and pad participles of verbs, as tjly. be jHet^ / drny, be denies^ be denied^ I fidiys be/ufUedy See. which maiy be |>ronOttnced a» if written dtmt^fdenide^/uiBd, Sec* (104). 283 . When ie is in a termination without the accents it h ^roitouticed like 0 only, in the fame fituation ; thus bra/ten glatier, and graxier^ hare the laft fjllabk ^nded as if written brazbuTf glai^bur^ and graishar^ or rather as^i^ jwr,^Ai».3W>&c. (98) (418). I£U. 284. Thefe vowels occur in adieu^ Ueu^purReUi where they have the found of long »» as if written aden^ leu, pur li^-, 285. In one word, lieutenant^ thele letters are protelmeed Idbe flft>it ^ its H^ wxitten lev^enant. See ,the word« IRW. 286. Thefe letters occur oidy in tbe word xtk^^ wheft tbir^ fbttlkl like ^^ ibyning witbyMu, mn», 20. 287. When the accent h upon the firft of thefe tciwels they femit V9ft dif- tba fyllables. as viMaA^ vhiet ; the laft of which » fottietiitiei eontptly pranounced violet* a88. In umrMoMefi the i u entiMlf fcnfcy t^ die MtfMieed # pm- flOQ&Cc4» liFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS 01, Ice, \idk 1^ k ttftftDy Is m this (hoaljcm, like Rion «i n tf ^iien nup^fcn* "^« the 9 h fimki and ihe word prcmotmced fM^i^ ^'^'' t^c wvmiI. K very niuncrou* ixiimnntroTi i^j^i thcfc 1 -irt •! Wt when ihcjr arc pr ■-- He (11$), the twu ^oivd*. bv JD^ of the cnbcr ccmi w %0WTli arc hf^tfd f<- J' -5«..ltc.(464)Cn«)- tji, TO« .;, i^ben pf^<*eded by l liquid, far anjr maxt btit a dtfit;il, hhmdi^mCiit in :%»d fylJablcs, »s in hiOnvt, varhnt, ghtku ' " rgfm ' \i^ttfmtM* Hat wficti preceded by rhe dtnt.ili f» Ir'K r :it l :;U Elic tettdindiioiii /ivn mid uc^ fair. ictd in "td IT ;^FC pen* in thik codldcetmci cne t tf,9rtictuidc> 193. HV lame i III to ^^xi»ofi. m,i ' ri ronountrd like /^w# ; thtis/rA'iflJtf^fy^iLi;^;^^^ ncxhut^ rtrn prr^h-us^fd^-rhir^ n':ck'f^*ff\ ttn^'-ihui (459)* ■,,,,... ^ . . .. iti- -tit i ior ni d i^ but tlai r, 11 js fio wonder h i[ innn, when the faitjc vo-wuls folbiA^ \ rtay, h this fotJTid of the th« or"-?!* -itu- , however, pretended that thh \% the , rt»- u:c lAKt fii Analogy it were to be wilbed it were : bm ^n i^jrwj- Tamcof tb^ real fkower^ of the letters, joined with akutlablc dcfiic of keeping ^ai DExr 91 )»offibleio ibe orthographjr, \% apt to prevenL j? ' 31x0 J^i^i^ f^TTrafc^ w* b^fif Wr*«r, tf^^U^nit StC- On the ntl , .ar, 1^. ItCi^, not only ^ jiraiion of the rf, %^ ^^ ^ n, but arc apt E' ,ccc«dingiylkble5 d to «y ^^«/ and ti^mt mflead ot" ^/f-t(/ «.nd ti^jt^m^ m ratiier 1 ^lj(liii^f pronotinced, it fiifficientlf ctprc^es the aipi ratioa il ' ■ ■'* . .r.;n,nn, the preferable mode o* d^nteaiing the foarld, its in t . ,( fyojri unitmg too clofcly. Whtft analogy , thefft- fc^u, u. n, iiT74j. AT^ I fo dubious, ■»*€ ought not to hefit:itt » momeni it ^ ' * , tmm«4mii^frfiMdif>iit^ xmdj!udhm»^ ai If written, ^/^-^a/,, U^fi^fiM% ftt* oir mibp p^v^, uJr^fttf^ 8cc, ; nor Oiould we ibiget that /iti/ijw come* untMr ' tkAinr s^- iiyghtt thwigh contrary to refpcaable ufage^ to be pro- PiagfJif 0 ^ , . la^ahf And nearly as Injfm (376), Hj Tiif dSphitumg i« regttliily pt&nounccd U the long open found of 0« is I ^4ii nor, 1^, fttitft fc^i *e. Tile only tJtteptiona are, *r is that of a in wateTi and the firft e in me^fre. This double found is very diftinraifbable in MlffoUf/foilfJMntf fiunif amnt f See, which, found ought to be carenilljr pie« fervedi as tnere is a very prevalent pradice among the vulgar of dropping the e» and pronouncing; tbefe words as if written hUet tiU^/fiUt Uc. 300* The only mftance which sulmits of a doubt in the found of this diph* thong* when under the accent, is in the word eifoir ; but this word is now fo much more frequently written gutref that uniformity ftiongly inclines us to pronounce the « in chair like long / , and which, by the conunon orthography, feems fixed beyond recovery. But it may be obferyed, that either die fpelUi^ , or the pronunciation of Chorifter^ commonly pronounced ^j^riftiTf ought to be altered. See the words. 301. When this diphthong is not under the accent, it is varioufly pronounc- ed* Dr. Kenrick places the accent on the firft fyllalble of tureoU, and. For I know not what reafon, pronounces it as if written turkht s and ttirkm with the at broad, as in hoys. Mr. Sheridan places the accent on the fecond fyllable» and. gives the diphtliong the French ibund as if the word was written tuHuofi. In my opinion the beft orthography is turpnifef and the beft pronunciation ^with the accent on the laft fyllame) and the 91 finiiided like kmgo as if written #«tr- 00, DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE mPHTHDNG 00, OCf. Uld ^■kt J as we prooouiurc JtrSei/tt wiiit xht accent oa tlic firfi ff U«blc» ai>d iht «# Uk« ^Btn f, 3^ if wtlttra tprm* ^r 301. In m^dmf^M^ die firft ^phthocsg is pronopnced like (hon r, a< if wnv P303. In #««a«^r the fiuae fotand of # U fubflittitf d, as if wntten ipmfffmr. |04« la/itfymr^ or ch^m^u a fpecie^ of kiiiihcf , the m t» pruoouiK«sr/, See the word^ |lCw htm i&d/bar are uciWcrfany pronouQced by the EnfrHQ]^ at if writtea v>ij*n I bat in Irelaod ibry prcfciire the r ! of ^, /U* Jf^»f. a bkt I: maTi, i* regtikr in polite uii, and like jw^w^ mialgiir is fon]etimc» heard rhyming wixlijhrt t but more c regularly, rhjmmg with poer. OU. ^^^Hn'haii uie jDoft irregukr ;tJfcmbbge of vo^e!& in our kfigiiage : its ^^HB camBDOB found is that heard in htimi% founds grQundt 6ec. and thii may be ^^^td fU pec^per found s but its devintions are fo many tnd fo vnrious^ that the bdit vdea of it will be conveyed by giving ihc fimplcs of all its dtifercnt 511. Tie Srft or prf*pcr found of this diphthong is compofed of the am haUf ifidthe m in wm^ or rather the u m tuUt and is equivalent to the aw in /fo^ft, ^••*i^ TUisuw^l i^ ill *T*d in aAcmndy atfota^ acCQuntf acoustic a^ (j^^uud^ akmi^ nd^ m*^uch^ hough J bounce^ bounds BcuttiUi titUfUe&utf f^'' . f'louif ctoutrrly^ compound^ rfju^A^CfiuchaTii^ crcuck^ htjdouhtfulj drou^hudfjiig/itJjf dmiar^ mcQunirr^ , hfjtcr^ houne^ wj/ioimd^ hud^ huTi,^t^ iQttat^ hiiif intt^^oundyftouiJirofQknd^ftronmm^ prctnountt% -•"^nt^ rtdQuht^ redouhted^ rrdftuud^rcncnunFrr^ rotmdf if/^ 6courj if cii/, shouu nhruudj Mlimch^ aftQUMc^ ^pcutf ■ ul^ 9caramQuch* . ^^wl fom^d ^^ that of Q\Qnum bud^ ^yl U heard In the follow- ing I (a tBmme^pTmnd. if Jin: Ixkii DIFFERENT ROUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS OU^ OW. ing V^rds ^nd th^ir cpiupQund^ ; A^joyrny joum^y^ joumaly bour^eorif country, cousin^ cou/iie^ accou/ile^' double J trouble^ courteona^ courtesy^ courage^ encourage, joust ^ fouptetj liQusewife^fiouri^h^ Tnounch^ n/ourhf^ enough^ chough^ rougkj t^u^h^ slough\si cast skin)) scourge^ southerly^ soutlierriy nouthcrnvfoodf aouthwardy touchy touchi^ youngy yoiinker^ aod youngster ; but sotUheriy^ eoutherny and southward arc fometimes pronounced regularly like sout6 : this, however, is far from the prevailing pronunciation. This is the found this diphthon^^ always has when the accent is not on it, unlefs in very few indances, where the compound retains the found of the (imple, as in frorioua ; but xn/ojourn zndfijourner^ with the ac- cent on the firll fyllable, and in every unaccented termination in our and •»/» this diphthong has exa^ly the found of (hort u : thtisfavaurf honour^ odour ^ and, famouu are pronounced as if written y^tiur, honur^ odur^ znd/amm. 315. The third found given to thefe vowels is that of 00 in co»and 9000 (39 )» and is found in the following words : Bouge^ croufi^ groups ^ggf^ufi^ amour^ fta^ ramour^ boiise^ bousyy boutefeu^ caftouch^ cartouche fo^rbe^ gout (taste)} and Ta^tntt (pronounced 5*00 and ragoo J j rendezvous, rouge^ soufi^ sous (pronounced aooj^ aurtout^ through, throughiy^ toufiee or toufiet^ youy your, yoiUhy jtour^ contour j tourrmyytoumament, /70z/r,and route (a road), actoutrcy biUet-doux^agoutiy wicouthy wound (a hurt), and routine ( a beaten road) . See Tou r nk y. 316. The verh to fo^r is fometimes pronounced to foref and fometimes to poor; in each cafe it interferes with a word of a different figttification, and the beft pronunciation, which is that fimilar to foweff is as little liable to that ex- ception as either c^the others. See the word. 317. To«uw«Wis fometimes pronounced fo as to rhyme with /©grii^; l>ut this is diredly contrary to the beft ufage : but route (a road* as to take a dif. ferent route J t is often pronounced fo as to rhyme with doult^ by refpedable fpeakcrs. 318. The fourth finmd of this diphthong is th^t of long open 0, and is heard in the following words : Though, although, coulter, court, accourt, gourd, coureierj course, discourse, source, recourse, resource, bourn, dough, douglty,four^ mtnUdj mouldy, moult, mourn, shoulder, smotUder, soul, fioultice, fioult,poiUterer, fumltryj trouiy (to roll fmoothly, marked by Mr. Sheridan as rhyming with doO^ but more properly by Dr. Kenrick with roll), and borou^bj thorough, furlougb^ fbur^ Utn, cqncourfty and intercottrfr, preferve the diphthong in the found of long 09 though not under the accent. 3 19. The fifth found of ou is like the noun awe, and ts heard only in •u^bi^ bought, brought, fought^ be fought, fought ^ nought^ thought^ metbought^ wrought. 320. The (Ixth found is that of (hort 00, or the a in bull, and is heard only- in the auxiliary verbs would- could, Jhouldf rhyming with good^ hood^Jlood, &c« 321. The feventh found is that of ihort o, and heard only in cough and ir^ugb^ rhyming with offattdfcof: and in hughy TLtkdJh'mgh, pronounced bck zt^Jb^ck. . om izi. The elementary found of this diphthong is the fame as tlie firft found of ou, and is heard in bo^. now. &c. but the (bund of long 0 obtains in fo znaxxy inftances, that it will be neceffary to give a catalogue of ooth. 323. The general found, as the elementary found may be called, is heard in now, bonjj, bonv (a mark of refped), monv (a heap of barley, &c.), co^, hro^tu brown, browfe, plow^ fiw- voWf av'>w> aJ/onu, Sfalow, endow f down, clown^frp^vtjn to^n, cronutty drown^ gGTt/*. ts-rvirh ^iUvr, r*»fA c.-z^'^. xd) decide J, U oc»ght, in my opinion, to hjive ihc lirtl i /Tc I It ^ ^ it i» JIOC icT ham ths Itwir oo ihctr to th jf>Mi^v ji^ much marc cifir-^'--^ . . li iire the iicas to be cjtpn-Si ; < : iv . : : ^ ' t), Sect! ^ till ^ il i p r ) CAfd 1 n i/o*tf» T^IIN #f»tir, ^f^ o*, /j^' ^iiuE high cotgraf*), r*ir» the ocw founds Ifkr \'i'* li; the forepart <:>f ift i>r. Kcnirick. lli'^ " . ' . ' '"» the verb tn firo^vt (tci feck tor prey j thy mrs with _,.J;m* and withfiai ^ccotAit^'^ s^^ T>r, Kciuick : the ^^S/''^^'^ to ple«4, but the f«r m my opiuioa^ -'* -f^igcon its fvde* Bolb th--jt **i.M.r* unite in giving ijsig to/rnivf/j ; whkli i:. unqucHionabif the Hue ;/a*ii/* Hatv^eL Ho*m^rd^ and i* gcncrsiHy arc '• ' ' 11^% as in hp^t ff^*^*-^ ^c l>i»t Ha^»fi rieriUly prLniLMi' - rbym* 'mr^ AS if WT^ r 1 , j ' i^iitly ind tif ^11* ; Lui ihc iccuiul iv^irtJ Ictiii If | thcfc mountains hiid Uif:it namcj lit. . i^i^ 33;, When tl .^l.'}„ P*. ?T is in a final unai;x€nt«! fy liable, it h^% always > in UrTff*Wtf>rfQ'Uff ftlk'^h cvi/fWr ^c. The vnl- ^lid pronoimcc the 3 obfcnrely, and frjtnclinies ai tf dj>d/eilfrf for ^^inS'UJ AndjyUt^ ; i>iit this i^ almoft . Good fpcakcr'i prefcr^^c tbe dipbtlior g lu Um!^ fitlia- ' , ibimd of open &, rhyming with n»»y&i &c* » in the word km^Uigej^ has of Utc yearv tindcr;;r>nc m '-: Somu fpcakcri, ^ho Ii;i4 the regulirty of thtif bn- gtarc ^ licin^ wc i to fee tbe compound depan lb far from ihc found c^iht tmpXc^ iod >ick foftltndc h^vc oppcfcd the multitude by ptc^ aeuactsg %ht 6rfi fyitjibk of this word as it is heard iu the verb to km^ l*he K^^StirJ \hc Ba/2,ivc for fome ycar^ given a fanaion toihis* pronunciaucin ? ^' \iA^ hold out inSexihly ;igainft it i and the Nati m a% l^t: „.,.,.„i. u ihc tznprovtiDcnt* They ftill continue to pronounce* ai ii eke cU ItuScrouj rhymes^— •• Amm^ tl»e wti jbty vsvm ti tmni^ft^r '1 L ! 1/ . . lt r* c the good fortune to he rcllorcd to ii^ right*, : V, li L! '(' ; ^ oar the rcUoration of a great number of wordi ,'! ijr , ^it n, : i-j as breakfftjh v'tmyard^ h^tiJer^ mtMiioWf fnarhn^ - If, Mindwafd^ and a long catalogtic of fellovr fufTcrcTs c: endeavour this rcftoration, we Ihonid conftdcr, that -^-cirng toEi louito v4 the llmpk, when it acquires an additional *yJiab!e» is m iioa of prtmuQCtaticm to which our language is extremely prone s nor is 4 ixxiv DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS or,&c/ it certain that crofling tbi8 tendency would prodace any real advantage ; at leaft, not fu£Bcient to counterbalance the diveriiiy of pronunciation which mult for a long time prevail, and which mud necefTarily calIo£f our attention from things to words. See Enclitical Termination. (No» 514). or. 329. This diphthong is but another form for or* ' and is pronounced exactly like it. When ailoy is written with tliis diphthongs it ought never to be pro- nounced allay. Cuftom feems to have appropriated the former word to the noun, and the latter to the verb ; for the lake of confiftency, it were to be wifh- ed it were always written ailay : but it is not to be expeded that poets will give up fo good a rhyme lo joy ^ cloy^ and dfftroy, 350. The only word in which this diphthong is not under the accent* is the pi-oper name Savny ; for favay^ a plant, has the accent on the fecond fyllable ; but the diphthong in both is pronounced in the fame mannen UA. 331. When the a in this diphthong is pronouDced* th^ 0 has the power of ^> which unites both into one fyllable : thus antiquate^ antiquary ^ afuage^perfuade^ equal y ianguag:^ &c. are pronounced antikwafe, antikwary^ attm>a^e^ &c. 332. ll)e u in this diphthong is filent* in guards gtiardian^ guaraiUce^ and pi ^ quani ; pronoimced gardi^ gard'uin^ garantee, and piciant ( 92 ) . 333. In Manhtaj the toWn of Italy, both rowels are heard diftin^ly. The lame may be obferved of the habit fo called : but in nianUmmahr vulgarity has fonk the a, und made it mantumahr, Tlie/ame vulgarity at firft, but now fane- tioncd by univcrial cuftom, has funk both letters in vi£luaby and its compounds viauatiingand viaualier, pronounced, w///«, vMngy and viukr. See Mantu a. U£. 334. This diphthong, like ua. when it forms onlyone fyllable, and both letters are pronounced, has the u founded like iv ; as confueiude^ defuetudey and manfue- iude^ which are pronounced con/wetude, defwetude^ and manfwetude, Thmtonque/I IS pronounced according to the general rule, as if written conkwejl; but the verb to conquer has unaccountably deviated into conier^ 4)articularly upon the fta^e. This error, however, feems not to be fo rooted in Ae general ear as to be above correQion f and analogy undoubtedly demands rW'zcr^. 335 . This diphthong, when in a final fyllable, finks the^ as che^ cue^due^ tiue^ gluCi hue^jlucf rue, sue^ truty muey accrue^ emue, endue, imbue j imbrue ^ pursue ^ 9ub^ dueyfierduejargueyj^due, avenue J rei^enufy eonttnuey retinue, conatrue, Mtatue^ tie- sttc^ itsue^ virtue^ value^ ague ; in all thefe words, whether the accent be on the diphthong ue or not, it is pronounced like long open ii, except in words where the r comes before u ; in this cafe it is founded like eo. When the accent is not on this diphthong as in the latter portion of thefe words from ar^ug^ it is apt to be feebly and iodiftindly pronounced, and therefore care ought to be taken to found it as if thefe words were written arget^f rmdew^ &c, la Tuefii^y^ me, the diphthong is pronoimccd in the fame manner. 336. In fome words the » is filent, and the ^ pronotmced (borti as vaguefs g^Ji, gufrim, goerdM, where the 0 a^s as a fervilc to prcfcrvc the g hard. See Apfbndu. 3S7- Xn I DinXRENT SOUNDS OF Tilt: DrPHTHOXCS W. kc '""*. IkK, wicb tbe ^ 5)9* Thb ,»«.-, frora the Grtek* »re iirnnoonccJ in ibe iHmc r becoinrt 0$ : thus J^«r ii proootUKcd if» VL ^40, Tbe»« nTLffi f hn fi "^ . '^^ I r n ja^i and w^, when botSj rowc!* 3irc pro- '-«, is pronounced Itkevi/ thus Unguidp A* if HThtcn i^tn^witi^ rjt'g^^i/Ij^ &c. and tuifi I .iiid ktut^it and f i/ir^/j» as it wntlcn l^iVrfA* ihc I proLiounccd long, m guide ^Sf^mfe^ guiU a^nd i r. Jl3^-w/A/, Air;// - ' ' jr* . j'le of London. 10 but itii* b dir<;ci1y uppolUc to thc belt ylay.c* and coutriiry 5i ii IS a compound r4" ^Wi (-i corpamiion, iilw^tys fjro* jwid /jiii/ Dr. Junes, who wrote in Qiicco . I pronounced as if writtea 67/i/i^diy. lixctrimit > ly fervilc 1 in both the c is huirdt aiul ihe i fhoit^ ai i£ v..i-:_-, - Comlmt 1% pronounced cundii* 34J. i fitit^ and p'^r/tttif the i ii^ f»Icnt» and the «* has its dtph- iMgai »^^^^^J, •, 1; |.*cCG4ed by r, And the words were ymtten^fit^ief p^u^ 145 Wiaca thli diphthong Is preceded by r^ h is pronomnced like ««; thoi 'if ffn^ frhit^ $rut:, r^cruttt arc pionounccd as if writlca hwjff €r&9/ij tu itbifidi I need like *w 1 0 gtf^fr, fiio/iJt j««/W/Mir* *«* ffBoi^u' , y ; i ''^» f*'o/^i ^"^ »f wriucn hif&Uf kweia^ • i ^«if, com rri only pronounced itt^a^^'and kw^ii^ do net See the ifcords* UT. : *tcccnt on it, finkr the iff and pronounces the word M/herc uy has the accent, rhymes with . this diphtiiong it h founded like long <, .!fiif ro-gn^ {with the ^ hard, asin^^^^,) noimced ohU-tJuai amhil9^mtt &€. MOT. PS^£ . Ixxvi PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS B, C, uor. 346. This dipHlhong is found only in the word fcwy, pronounced as If writ- ten bwoyy hut too often exadlly like boy. But this ought to be avoided by cor- re'dfpeakers. OF THE CONSONANTS. B. 547. When h follows m in the fame fyllable it ts generally (Ilent, as m Arm^, iembf limb, comb, dumb^ &c. except accumb ^nd fuccumb .* it is filent alfo before/ in the fame fyUable, as in debty doubt, redtubu redoubted^ ^xid their compounds : it is filent before /, when not in the fame fyllable, in the vrord/ubiie (cunning), of- ten inaccurately ufed (or /kbtile (fine), where the b is always pronounced. In the mathematical term rh§mb the b is always heard, and the word pronounced SKs if written rbumb. jimbt-aee is pronounced Jims-acc, See jfffemKx. 34S. C is always heard fike i before 0, 0 and u ; as card, cord^ curd ; and ibft, like / before e, i and.jr ; as cemeni^ city, cynic. 349. When c ends a word, or fyllable, it is always hard, as in nmficfjlacctd, JtccUj, pronounced mufik^flak^ijik^ty. See Exagoeratb. 350. In the word j^^///r, where the firft c, according to analogy, ought to pe pronounced like/y Dr. Johnibn has not only g^iven his approbation to the found of ^, but has, contrary to general practice, fpelt the -wordjiefiic. It may be obferved, perhaps, in this, as on other occafions, of that truly great man, that he is but feldom wrong ; but when he is Ih, that he ts generally wrong to abfurdity. What a monfter does this vford Jhptic appear to an eye die lead claflica} or correA ! And if this alteration be right, why fhould we he- fiiate to write and pronounce /tene, fcepter, and Laced^emon^ Jkeiu, Jkepter^ and Lahdamcn^ as there is the fame reafbn for i in all ^ It is not, kowerer, my intention to crofs the general current of polite and claflical pronunciation, which I know is that of founding the c like i; my objection is only to writing it with the i%* and in this I thinlc I am fupported by the bed authorities fince the publication of Johnfon's Dictionary. 351. Cis mute in C%ar, Cuarinap vidtiolif indiS, arbufck, corpufcie^ aadrntti* cU ; it founds Vikt4cb in the Italian words vermiceUi and vtoRnceib ; and like % ^fij^^^ffacrijice^^cey (the number fix at dice,) znddt/.ern. 352. This letter, when conneded with ^, has two founds ; the one like tch in cbUd, chair ^ ricb^ which, &c. pronounced as if written tchildt tcbair^ ritchy mAhch, Sec. I the other like^t, after / or «, as in belch^ bench, ficb, &c. pronounced beijh, henfh^fijh, &c. This latter found \t generally given to words imta the French, as chaiw^ chagrin^ chamadc, chamfiagne^ chamfiignon^ chandciier^ chaf^tron^ cfmria- tan^ chcvaHer^ chevrcn^ chicane, capuclduy car touchy machine^ machumt, chancre, marchioness, 353. Ch in words from the learned languages, are generally pronounced like k^9Achalcogratih^ chalybeate, cfiamicUon, chamtjmiie,^ chaos^character^ chart, ckcam, chely, chcmiMt, (if derived from the Arabic, and chymitt if from the Greek,) cber4oni4Ci PROX0;VcfAtlO> tAHT D. txxii » dfirmmme^t cJtfyro^s^ cMer^ rAan^^t rAwf. rk»r^' , f "jTjjf )WKi r.a ( miii-»»:uT» When followed But when vrc prcjli ihg Ci'Uii \«ard /{A^ (4 Uic;. ll^c mno«nc£d ake^ comci from Ujc Grceh and '* ' ic^,af^ri v?«di ^A, «i m^iif^ivf ; but writien mkt i»nd ^lr/| except where J kitiiA^iodicr ^^ord,.ii iuad-ash^ hart-ach^^ic and by thusAb- rhr f.^ h tli«? tompound, wc at e [mzzkd how to form ihe plu- in two fyllidilcs, the if /j is a I moll nmvcrf^Jly pronounced like ^ as »f fpcHcd rt^fufge. ll is filcnt \n fchedui^ ^fiLifm^, and ;.-, yrsrwr, .ind yoi. It 1* ftink in dr&cbm^ but heard id r/prn4ar7,' md h fol- - :.', j% /.-:>« or «>ttit it lakci the foiind of *i .* tliii*^ ^^a/tf foffiaf^ PJ^* i^ij^foKiTe^uiijamn^i^f mgGcUii&n^ arc prc»nounci:d as if writlcn^4&rflWiy©A'^» Phifitmfifmt^twmt ^c. (196). Fmamier has the Accint after tlie r, iR:hidi CO ikai accotmi does 001 gp into th. fl idea of the Ahcratinfvs of fmmd this letter un- to confider il« near rdatton 10 T (41)- Thcfe . f\ m\d Vt ki and hard g^ and ^^ and s, arc letters of ihc ^.. „. . by the niceft (hades of Ibund, apd are c;*(jly conveniUe f, j>,y; ^, and is may, for the fake of didinClicn, be caJkd - -. ^- n^jy be called flat, Foi this reatbn, \vhcn a fmgti* , the ff,^htch fnnns the phimli prefervc* tit (harp . v^|//i ; and when the fmgnlar ends with a flat iind of S| at drabikfla£ff lf*id^, /iivip 3£C*prci* ifter^ when a verb tndi? whh a (Harp cofifonant, ihe ^, ^e, tjecomcs Ihatp, and (i^fa(fdt (where the t I be-, Gxctpt when wc i*rc pronoutvcingthe Un- e ihc//tnto /, as if wntccn^tj^, .vi^f, (rackt^ crb eiids iu a flat cr iifonitni, ibc d prefervei , : i, fix^d^ ifu%^dt where the / is ftipprclfcd, and iblcj ai if ^Titrcn dfuU*d,pfpg*d, hv^d, ^u%%*d* "^^ It Ixxviii PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT D, It may be obferved too, that when the verb ends in a liquid, or a liquid and xnute e^ the participle J always preferves its pure found ; as blamedt joined, JUUd^ barred^ pronounced ^/<7«V,yoi«V,///V, barred. This contradKon of the parti- cipial^^, and the verbal en (103), is fo fixed an idiom of oar pronunciation, that to alter it, would be to alter the found of the whole language, it mud, however^ be regretted, that it fubjedls our tongue to fo;jie of the moft hlflincr, fnapping, claflimg, grinding, founds that ever grated the ears of a Vandal ; ih\xs4'a/pedf/cratchedfWrencbed^bndkdffanglgd^bircben,h^rdgnedf^r^ • ened^ &c. almoft frighten us wh«n written as they are actually pronounced, as rajpufcratcht^ wrenebt^ bridle d^fangTd^ birch* n^^rengih^n^d^ quick* n^d^ &c. they be- come ftill more formidable when ofed contradledly in the folemn ftyle, wfaich never ought to be the cafe ; for here, inftead oithouJlrengthWtU Qtfireaglb*n*d'ttt thou quick* n^Jt or quiek*n*itfl^ we ought to pronounce, tbouJirength*nefii>Tfimgtb'- nedji^ thou quick* nefl^ or quick'nedfi^ which are fufficientlyharfii of all confcience. (See No. 405.} But to compenfate for thefe Gothick foands, whicht however^ are not without their ufe, our language is full of the fmootheft and moft (bno- rous terminations of the Greeks and Romans. 360. By the foregoing rule of contradion, arifing from the very nature of the letters, we fee the abfurdity of fubftituting the / foi ed^ when .^he verb jends in a (harp confonant ; for, when the pronianciation cannot be miftaken, it is folly to alter the , orthography : thus the D'tfirfpd Mother^ the title of a tragedy, needs not to be written DiJIrefi Mother^ as wc generally find it, be- caufe, though we write it in the former manner, it mult neceflarily be pro- nounced in the latter. 361,. By this rule, too, we may fee the impropriety of writing hUfl ioxUef" fed, when a participle. * . " Blcft in thy genius, in thy love too Meft.**— /**/*. But when Ihe word biejfed is an adjedive, it ought always to be pronounced, even in the mnrffamifiar converfation, in two fyllables, as this is a bksted day, the blessed thiOle, 5cc. 362. This word, with karned^ curfed^ and winged^ arc the only participial adjectives which are conftantly pronounced in two fyllables, where the parti- ciples are pronounced in one : thus a learned man^ a eurfed things a waged horfe, prcferve the td in a diftind fyllablc ; while the fame words, when verbs, as he learned fo ivritef he- eurfed the day^ they winged their fitght^ arc heard in one fyllable, as if written learnd^ curfl, and wtngd; the d in eurfed changing to /, from its following the iliarp confonant / (358). 363. Poetry, however, (which has been one great caufe of improper ortho- graphy), afTumes the privilege of ufmg thefe words, when adjcAives, either as monofyllables or diffyllables ; but corred profe rigidly exadu the pronun- ciation o£ed in tliefe words, when adjcdives, as a dilUn^ fyllable. The ed in aged and wlngrd, always make a diftin£k fyllable, as an aged mam ; the nuin^' ed courftr : but when this word is compounded with anotlMnr^ the ed does not form a fyllable, as afulhag*d borfe^ aJheath'w\ng*dfwol 364. It is, periiaps, worthy of notice, that when adjeaivcs are changed into adverbs by the addition of the termination /f, we often find the participial termination ed preferved long and diftindt, even in thofe very words where it was contracted when ufed adjedlively : thus though we always hear confess* d^ profess* d defign*d^ &c. we as conftantly heat eonfesA-ed-lyy pro/ess-ed-ly^ de- srgn-edJyy *c. Th^ fame may be obferved of the following lift rf wordi, wl^ich, una^t^niFc^m^}^ )xx&t b) cbe tfllftsUKC oi tfac Rhytning Diafonai^, I itm enabled to give« ifi ihc 44I i» contr^tfttd in ■ j*fMcd frvfral nhfira^ fobflinefvri f^rmt4 h luT^ *«**--- * . ...^J.Cy as latidid^ matud^ 3tC- Ollienvife the fmal J ; bf pnkoOQnoed at alt Andhf"^ - -' f r^. it may not He ufelefs to talc notice of the very ira- \ md corJ thiSt is given in our bed gtiirnmar, u!" \vh;it art called 4, mth^ , X To tJietV art* ;iddcdt tliolt" that end ;ig; uhidi either fliorten the drplithong^ordunge j:kad of f^i tuke t only for iht prt^tcritn a* f/#£i/ir, , S crrpi I and thefe arc faid to be coiifidcred not Vi\ irregular, Nnw nothintr can be clearer tliiin that verbs cfu very dit- c: her a ^ of the fame* i^nauhdtthchd^jm^^fd^ - ^ .1 . .1 1 a I a II ; i f ih cy a r c ev er u r i t ictxfnutt ht r ^-r ri r, J pure ignorance of analogy* and not confidcrmff / \ya\cih wc were lo pronauncc it as a dillilt^ J')T- J u I age of the language^ the pronunciation* Liic iciursj nmJl he the fame. It is very different with J» and not a lliarp mute, ends the vcj b. d njight he pro- f jufl as Well a^ iujiftd^thc participle 1 f to/// (to v** find cuftom has determined an irrcgulariiyj i- "Vice to th I : J r/^/ may be truly ri preterit , . ■ iple, j/i {h'c&m^ m€ari^jfci% nvitp^^Cff^ and f^i^**/^* .„^ J '.- .2ie tour iirfl of thcib words* as well at m j€iilfd% Ixxx PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS D, I\ Jeaied,/cf earned, chancJ^ and reeled; but-cuftom has not only annexed / to the pre- terit orihefe verbs, but has changed the long diphthongal found Jnto a (hort one ; they are therefore doubly irregular. If^eep. fleep^ and creeps would not have required / to form their preterits, any more \ki-3Si peeped, zndjieeped; but cuilom, which has fliortened the diphthong in the former word, very naturally annexed / as the fimpleft method of conveying the found. 371. The only two words which occafion fome doubt about clafUng them are, to harn and to JpeiL The vulgar (who are no contemptible guides on this occafion) pronounce them in the^reterit leanti and /peitj but as n and / will readily admit of d after them, it feems more correal to favour a tendency to regularity, both in writing and fpeaking* which the literary^ world has given into, by (polling them /rarW and j^^//*-^, and pronouncing them Z^^imV and JpelPd : thns earned f the preterit of to eattiyhyiS be^ recovered from the vulgar earnif and made a perfed rhyme to difiened, 372. I'o thefe obfervations may be added, tliat, in fuch irregular verbs as have the prefent, the preterit and participle tlie fame> as, ea/i^ cofi, evif &c. the fecond perfoo lingular of the preterit of thefe verbs takes e and refume my remarks on the found of the let- ' tcrd, 374. The vulgar drop this letter in ordinary^ and extraordinary^ and make them or*nary and exir*or^nary ; but this is a grofs abbreviation \ the beft pronun- ciation is fufficiently Ihort, which is ordinary and e'xtrord'nary s tlie firft in tliree, 9nd the lalt in four fyllables : but folemn fpeaking preferves the /, and makes the latter word confifl of five fyllables, as if written extr* ordinary. 375. Our anceilors, feeling the neceflSty of fhowing the quantity of ayowcl followed by ge^ when it was to be ihort, inferted d^ as owri : thu^/^^je^i ! , to fnnnd cxinflly like the ooun ^ hng-^r i^ouft' ^ thing) ; Uic fume may be iib'rrved iM' ihc rfd< /,r/ itf^*f^ f U U of (h I r; ; iin d tu r wrtp^^/r AVkd ^(1 wrong. But tlioiJi^ii r.: '^ ^ '* " iHll r ih? fucceeJitig vowcK ti i i , liC* iind not Jin^'ffr, Irin^'^fr ^ fhtf&^tr^ , ;---. j-'.>.-,--- - ^•,-: -■ -i.^.^^vc*^ I hard jf, as dru^ifi^ 'mas^i/b^ '^'^#* ^mt/^ ^ 3cc. V (nCt^ ms in ^%^t ^^%.f ^^^ snd jilmofl in alt Inn harti in words from tlic Saxoo uhkli ijin ! in ff b^rd, 3.^ Jhs^gj /''^^j^J* ^*'Wt lit to hivc the ^ laid, but 4ka4iiiUli afcdo|9icd tii« Ml g, G^ h ihtfiime SyflaMr at ih Beginning of a IFW/. littJ.it4on is always fikntt as gfia^t i^fi* gt^(tf$ gnfirlt CX i> tm/amr S^fMk at th End ^f a fV^rd. onibi nation hf letters }xx% mere ptir/lcd the cnttcs than this Two !(ny:nifHf^l ni^rtt tii P^iftm in the Aftrd'ani of Vtm^t^ pronounced ch 'onnd her advocate in th<; ne wi pa pen- ^t by preierving Uic found of^^ prono^jnccil *w^ fm^ikj ; and tfac oiher conteiidcd^ tbtt Mrs, Yatet was more judi- 1 clous 1 Ixxxii PRONUNXIATION OF THE CONSONANT G. cious in leaving it out. The former was charged with harihneis ; tjiic latter* with mutilating the word» and weakening its found ; hut if analogy may decide, it is clearly in favour of the latter ; for there is no axiom in our pronunciation more indifputable than that which makes g fdent before n in the fame fyllable. This is conftantiy the cafe '\tijignf and all its compounds* as refigHf defign^ cm- ' fg^% ^fig^ • ^"^^ ^^ tniii;fnt condign^ maUgtty benign ; all pronounced as if written sincy rezincy &c. In which words we find the vowel i long and open, to com- penfate, as it were, for the fuppt'efljon of^, as every other word ending in^Ot when the accent is on die fyllable, has a diphthong pronounced like a long open vowel, as arraign^ campaign^ fiig^*^ reigtif deign / and confequently* unlefs die vowel « can produce ibme'fpecial privilege which the other vowels have not, we mudf if we pronounce according to analogy^ make the u in this (Ituation long, and found impugn as if written impune, 586* The fame analogy will oblige us to pronounce imprcgn^ oppugn^ ^^p^g** propugn^ as if written imprency oppune^ fxpuWy propune^ not o.nly when diefc verbs are in the intinitive mood, but in the preterits, participles, and verbal nouns formed from them, as impug/ud, impugning ^ and impugner^ mud be pronounced impuned^ impuning^ and impuner. The fame may be obferved of the reft. Per- haps it wiU gratify a curious obferver of pronunciation to iee the diverfity and uncertainty of our orthoepies in their notation of the words before us. impune* Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Murray. Barclay (ays the g in this word and its derivatives is mute, but takes no notice of ue quantity df the u, impun. Buchanan, Kenrick» Perry. impung. W. Johnfton. oppUne. Sheridan, Scott, Nares, Murray. oppun, Kenrick, Perry, Barclay. oppung. W. Johnfton, propune, Sheridan, Scott, Perry, Nares. propUng* Barclay. imprcne. Nares, Murray. imprint Sheridan, Kenrick, Perry. Barclay fays the^ is mute> but (ays no* thing of the quantity of the e, cxpune. Sheridan, Scott, Nares. expun. Perry, Barclay. intpHner. Sheridan. impuned. Murray. impunner. Perry. Barclay. oppUgker, Sheridan. propugner. Sheridan. propunet* Scott. prophnmr. Perry. Nothing is clearer than that all thefe ^vords ought to follow the fame fortunei and fbould be pronounced alike. How then fhall be reconciled Mr. Sheridan's pronouncing impugn^ oppugn^ ^pug^f and prepugn^ with the u long* and impregn with the € mort ! Kenrick, who has not the viot^ propuga^ is confident in pro* nouncing the reft wijli the vowel ftiort. The fame may be obferved of Scott, who adopts the long found, but has not the word impregn. Mr. Perry ■frives the ihort found to all hyitprQpugn^ where he makes the u long, but abfuitily makes the verbal nounpr^pvaner ; and W. Johnfton, who lias only impugn and oppugn^ proncmnccs PRONUKCTATfON OF THE CONSONANT C \%x%m r.« th^ ▼f^^ref fliortt HTJ^ fpam/>im&n The firQ of i = U w ill W ; !\crc* afcer vntico wtthoot Uie ^ ; while the Utter, i \n the kn ; tjr be loolocd Q poo u$ iech ni-cal, and al lowed an cxcl « ll v c pr i v i lege , Sec C o a k ri. a k c ^vi>t ft..-., ,*.^.,-^*- ^.-ra^fht ini^pw^ and r?^/ici pronounced ^^rtyo% tfrn-yttti , may be conlidcred :n foretgn coicomb** :tnd lre:ir tjj uriiuLing thegt while thcj do not p<;rvert the pronundaliott ofoTij jgltOi n-ords* J J. Wi-» H- V ,*^ f;p|| Qf ^ji is applicable lojrw We Ii:ivc but one wof^ Tc tlicfe leitcTS end a word widiihc accent on lu andthitl Uic g Is always mute, and the e ;iccording to analogy oiiglit . i 1 ng* as if the word were written j^-jw/ ; but a ihnn pitinun^ *' obt-aincd, .ind we commonly hear Mjl^mi It ri , . , . ccd k properly, where he fapt •* Ottr encics take « coni rary ^ utreme ; " Hvy jwlgc with fiirj, but they write w«h/6A^Bi." Sfijim CrliUifm. ^Prrhjpt jf vtotiW not be difficult to reduce this word lo analogy, as fomc irce the f longi but in the cojripGiinds of this wqt^, as in . ^M w^Lvit, ihc vowtl tslliortened* and the^ piooonncediis in^'/%- f-»«ma«/.7>J^/^-flMS/iV| and phitg-m'i^&^mt ; thoiigh Mr* iihciidanf i or tin reafon Ixxxiv PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS aH, &c. reafon I can conceive, finks the g in the laft word. When tbefe letters ^xi^ a ly liable not under the accent, the^ is filent, but the pi^ceding vowel Ls (hort- ened : thus parafigm^ parapegm^ diaphragm^ apopUbfgm^ are pronounced paradm, parapenif d'lapfram^ apotbcm, GH. 590. This combination^ at the beginning of a word, drops the ib, as in^i^o^, ghastly ^aghasiy gh<:i ktn^ jronounced^f/T/, rhyming with moftsgastlyf agasttguerkin^ but when thele letters come at the end of a word, they formibme of the greau eft anomnlie m our langaa.^e ; ij-A. at the end of words, is generally filent, and conltqutfrnly the preceding vowel or diphthong ts long as hlgbn nigh^th^bf ntigk^ *weigh. mveigh^ eugh (the o »iole:e way of ipellingj'.-w, a tree j, b^ugo^ dou^h^ though^ although^ cloiig\i , a cliff), p.ongh^furljugh^ dou^^h ^a miry place), tbrougb^ ibrgugh* fji, tborou.'b, boroughy Mquebaugh^ pugh ! 391. CH h frequently pronounced like f^ 'Jl^ laughs laugbter, cougbycbough\ clougb (an allow mce in weight), i^ough the cail (kin of a fnakc or iatx^)^emough9 rougby tQii'^b^ irough . 392. Gb is fometimes ch mged into ct^ as bougbf ibwgb, hugb, pronounced hock^ sbochy lock I fometimes we hear only the g sounded, as in burgh^ burgher^ and burghtnbip* GHf. 393. Gb in this termination is always filent^ zsjigbt^ nigbi^ hougbufou^, dtc« The only exception is draugfit ; which, in poetry, is moft frequency rhyaied 'Vfxih caugbti taugbt, &c but, in prole, i» fo univcrfally pronounced as if writr- ten draft, that the poetical found of it grows uncouth, and is becoming obfolete* Oraugbti^ the game, is alfo pronounced drafts. Droughty (drynefs is vulgarly- pronounced drowtb : tt is even written fo by Milton ; but in this he is not to oe imiutcd, having miilaken the analogy of this word, as well as that of biighi^ which he fpells bclgbtb^ and which is frequently fo pronounced by the Tulgar« iSeethe words Height and Draught. //. 394. This letter is no more than breathing forcibly before th» fucceeding^ vowel is pronounced. At the beginning of words« it is always founded* ex* cept in bffsr^ heirefsy bontfl^ bonefly^ boncur, bonQurabt'cy btrbs berbage^ bo/pitaf, b^fer^ bour, bumble y bamoury bumorous^ humorfome, Ben Jonfon leaves out the b m h^^ and claffes it in this refpe<5l with bcnefi. 395. H is always filent after r, as rbftorky rbap/ody, rbeumy rbsunusttfin^ thln^ eerosy rbomby rbubarby tnyrrby catarrby and their compounds. 396. H finals preceded by a vowel, is always filent, st^ ab I bab I «b / fibt ^rrcd)^ hallelujab'. Messiahs " 397. This letter is often funk after ^zv, particularly in the capital^ where ive do not find the leaft dilh'ndion of (bund between W//^ and 'o;//^, mbn and voct^ taobere and wear Trifling as this difference may appear at iirft fiiht, it tendt greatly to weaken and impoverifh the pronunciation, as well as toroetimes to confound words r Lowth ob» ferves, placed the b before the nv, as bwai ; and this is certainly its true place ; for, in the pronunciation of all v^ords beginning with wA, ive oii^lit lo breathe forcib])r CIATJON OF THE CONSOKANTS /, A; Z- bi3tx% ^t^f thcTore we frmwimc* die ^i», as iF the i^c«id« wcr^ wnttcQ ^41, W*^« ttd dial htkAct cockoe^r ffonimtuBoiw vrhidi U fo dh •'^U- like fniij» #it»4l U pcrfi;^lr tifiifami m rt* , where it it pronounced lil K, Jr tifii likcjr. ^99. /riii« evmilty the ioiind t^hard €^ it in stlwajs filent t3cfr>rc • m the \ Imaik^ imightt im^p kfmtkh^ kmh^ if^i^ ift^ff hmff^ I' ■- ■ 'u!i, v>^' iibatbeoi ■cuic^^tD withfr he / ai the end ofv^t^irtiaipttcided bye. 1i i into the bn- giia|[Ct'jlk, ialkf t fifeof tikewifc tiet^Ten «? siod Mr in the f^n ' :» us ahnifhaim^ f, w / To thefe we may- add //i/2/if, ^/ya/^, ty/magokue. It is m-te in the middle of words between Jll and/, \Xi empty^ fempfirefs^ peremptory* fumpiunut. prefumptu9%ts» redemptim^ ex* nation, and rafpberry* In cupboard it coalefces with and falls into its flat u i)^kk»fmkl, kc. In Z i 414. C!^** alwar* the lound f^fl .* it h conftanUy followtd by #« ptofkciitfK« I ^ se w I and iu getierml found i« heard Infua^k^ ^uHL quctrs, &c. profKninc^ I I, («a»7, 1'ttii^^Pt, 5fec* 'Hiiit the IT t'ubJL>ined to thit letter li.is rcmlly ihc powrfl tnaybe "^— ■ -J in the gcnendky of wordi where a fuececdK i ior wgl 3«r.:' tbe broad ibund in quarts qmirreL quantitf* 4c e. sik muc!i \ ^4r^ ^cvjf rj» ?, -it» ; rtiber of vvords^ derived from ihe French, hA?e thcfc let- r ' ^ to our ufoalconiplaifiiiicc for that UnguigCi wc ad<>pt J- . : thu'i tn c^uett doquHt fttfnttfCt miiifittrad*% hariequmf -: :sf/mt ihe qu « pronounced like I. ^mif and qfi&ti ought to be ^T'.ticci 4.ti4 nriXfloufKed c<>i/; coiu PaqufU isqufft dnqutr, and rifque^ h'Avt been vcrr properly fp«lkd by JohnJon as they are pronounced paciit^ h^itf^ ilfhr^ and ri.I. ^^h cwight to be prrinounccd with die m^ m if wrillcn 11; u*» . A:>ti tLi^f .for^ t^ not irregular. Lifu^r and LtrUqiun always l^H'c the u ; »oJ . -nfvrr, r;>tr.fT-.,/i/#j and c^nqutr^r^ fLimelimeSt pjniculatly on the St.ige. Tiit^ Lin* \v rwev^f, fctm& not to have gone Keyoiid recovery % and cmq^i-j^ nftdlicrukfly pfonotiticcd CQniwc/l. Sll^otc and quGtattm arc perfedlh regu- lar* ^nd ivutrlit iitvci to be pronoiiuced as fomc do, co/^and e^fatm. Clfquf^ V r ' i v/, and cinffu^t cin^ue-f^ilf t'tnque'P^jrhf cinqut-fp&t'td^ arc pro- aiuuti^:J^':*t «^.. «i ; andf'riigj^i wlicn wc mean a criticifm. to dilllnguilh it horn 9if tfi, U pronounced m/ffi, rhy ming widi^ai , See Quoi r and Quo- TAIIOW. ^iCr." ''-'.- vet lllent, but its found is fometimestranrpofcd. Tna t Gb^ niLk' , terrmniting wiih re, the r is pronounced after the e^ , ^fifrf, ej%r€^ maugrer fcpukhn^ thmtr^^ ^<5rf, mttrt^ .'Irf^ aa^utr^^ mqfj:r€; to which we may add » anirif uiJofiHi *o^ ^ '^^J^^'* ^^^'^ *r/'>>/^'^ ; but, in my opinion, vciy .r ' y is Hied, and calily und.rllood ; while red.>ctng jHk^y . the rule, and adds anoilicr anomaly to our proniincia* tkHk~, ..^:^.^ , :.ard before r (9B). 41;/ lln §tmt rranip >ri^on of r is always perceived in the pronanciatiofi of md t>Mi ; Jiod often in tliat of citron li^d fajfrettf as if written afurfi, rwrn, ^f^mn : fvQT do I think the two 6rft can be pronounced othcrwifc with- I di&rrcaibW ftiiPdcfs i but the two lM\ may prefcrTO the r befort the TOwel ^ m With L tt PRONUNGlAllON OF THE CONSONANTS /?, «. with great propriety. CbUdren and hundred have flid into this analogy* when ufcd colloquially, but prcferve the r before the e in folemn fpeaking. 418. As this letter is but ajar of the tongue, fometimes againft the roof of the mouth, and fometimes at the orifice of the throat, it is the mod imperfcft cf all the confonarits ; and, as its formation is fo indefinite, no vronder, when it is not under the accent, that the vowels which precede it fliould be fo indcfi- 4fitein their founds, as we may perceive in the woids friar j lier^ elixir^ nadir^ mayor^ nuulyr, which, with refpca to found, might be written friur^ liur^dtxur, Badur,mayurimanun (98). Thefe inaccuracies b pronunciatiout iayt an inge- nious writer, * we feem to have derived from our Sazdn anceftors. Dr. Hicks * obibrves in the firil chapter of his Saxoft Grammar, that <* Comparauiva apud ** COS (Anglo-faxonas) indifferenter exeunt in ins the fuccecd- itig accented fyllable ; and disbandy disdain, disgrace, disjoiny disvalue, have the xflatli3» 2, becaufe thtj are fucceeded by a flat confonant in the fame fitua.- tion (435). 426. fin the infeparable prepofition mis is always fliarp and hi (Ting, whe- ther the accent be on it or not ; or whether it be followed either by a vowel, or a Iharp or ftit conibnant, as miscreant, misaim, misapply^ misorder, misuse^ mis* le^aty misdeemy misgovem, &c. See the prefix Miss. 427. S fblUiwcd by ^ in the final fyllable of adjeftives, is always (harp and biffing, as iasCf obese, preessey concisey gidboseyverboscy morlose, pulicose, tenebricose, mrlkon^joeosiy deose, rugose, desidiose, close, siiiculose, calcutosc, tumulose, animose^ 'maemuyoremsey si^enoscy erinosey looscy operose, morose, tdematoscy comatose, acetose^ §qaoseysiBfa9seyaawasetdiffiue,pro/use, occJuse, recluse, abstruse, obtusey except nsjise vss^ethergmuy and the pronominal adjedives these and those. 428. ^, io the adjedive termination eive, is always (harp and hifling, as etsanoeyfertaatney oseuaMve, diseuaehe, adhestve, cohesivcy decisi f>ey precisive, inci* aevey derisk^ eicotrisivef w«iw, pkumve, abusive^ diffusive, infw^ive, inctuiive, coo* ciueive, exciwavey tbteroCf dehsshcypreiushey allusivcy illusivey collusivcy amusive, eknmff Sec, 429. ^, in the acgcAive* ending in wjr, is always (harp and hiflSng, as «w- ^eryypereaasorff decisorjy deriwyydeiuaoryy &c. 43a The finie may be obferved of « in the adjeftives ending in smcy as inUnmatt ^c. ^M (obBtUiO:rt$ kk ^^ty, generosity, dec. 43«- xcu PRONUNCIAtlON OF THE CONSONANT S. 431. Sft preceded by the liquids /, »» or r, has the « (harp and hiflingi as fu/fit opp\Uj€f denjff tenfe^ tntenjc^ Jtnfe^ verfe^ adver/ci &c. except cieanfe. S promuncfd Hie b. 432. 5 has always its flat buzzing found, as it may be called^ when it im» mediately follows any of the flat mutes b^ i, g hard^ or v, as rih^^ hea/U, rag»t Jm)es 1*4). 433. ^ is pronounced like sj when it forms an additional fy liable with e be- fore it« in the plurals of nouns, and the third perfon fingular of verbs ; even though the fingulars and firfl perfons end in fharp hifTmg founds, as «//» ficbeu, cage9^ boxes, &c. : thus^nV^« and priz09 have both the final/ flat, though the preceding mbte in the tiril word is (harp (422). 434. As / is hifling, when preceded by a liquid* and followed by tf route, as trofffif teft/e, &c. ; ib when it follows any of the liquids without the ^, it is pronounced like %, as morais, meansf feew^^ ber^. In the fame analogy, when y" comes before any of the liquids, it has the found of s, Mco/m^ic^ diJmaU fi/mire^ cbafin^ prifm^ tbelfm^ fcbifmt and all polyfyUablet ending in afwtt ijmy ^mr or yfmfTLienthufiafm^judaifmf mUrocofm^ paroxyfin^ &c. 435. Sf in the prepofition ^«, is either iharp or flat, as it is accented or un« accented, as explained above ; but it oueht always to be pronounced like %f when it is not under the accent, and is followed by a flat mute, a liquid, or a \'OW€l, as disable^ dUeasCy dUordeVy dUtue^ di^band^ dzMiainy disgrace j ditvalue^ diBJom^dMke^dialodgc^ dumay^ diftnember^ dumountydinmiMy dihnaturedy dUrank^ jdUriHib^ di rcbe (425)* Mr. Sheridan, and thofe orthbepifts who have copied Ibim, feems to have totally overlooked ih^s tendency in the liquids to convert the ^ to » when this letter ends the firft iyllable without the accent, and the liquids be^n the fecond fyllable with it. 436. S IS pronounced like », in the monofyllables a«, », bhj wom^ theft *^09^ and in all plurals whofe fingulars end in a vowel, or a vowel followed by e mute, as commasf operas^ Bboe»^ aloes^ dues^ and confequently when it follows die w or jr, in the pluralb of nouna, or the third perfon fmgular of verbs, as w«y«, ieirayst Jif«tf«, vienvs^Stc. . 437. Some verbs ending in ae have the < like s, to difHnguifh them from nouns or adjedivjcs of the fame form. Nouns Verbs Nouns Verbs jfrea9€ to greau ^txcuf^e to exaue fh%c to clo 4 refu9e to refkt house tohoim d'^u9€ \c^ diffme poti^ to OToiMr ti«e to ure kuae to loM3e riwe 'to riae to abuH ^emui to 43^- 4^ 3°ct ^«)F, at the end of words, have the • pronounced like % ijT it has A vowel before it, with the accent on it, as eeuy^grtmay^ W^9cb€9^^i4iaisf^ mty^ FMjr, rtfiwjf, nohy / but if the accent is on the antepenmtimate fyllable, the « is Ihaip, as bnny^ poeay^ &c. ; if a (harp mute pretede, the « is fharp, as iriciayt tip- 2; if a liquid precede, and the accent is on the penultimate fyllable, the « is ^ tas W^jfy/b.^, elunuyjpeuuyttamyt pbrensy^ qkinsyy toUy^ ^hmafyt maimwyt J^raeyt wr^ey. Puroey has the « (harp and hiflmg &om its relacionio /kt a and mattnh^ and tmtroowy Liivc the antepenultimate and preaatepenultimate accent •< PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT S. xciii accat: thus we iec why hijjf hmfyy loufjt and drow/y^ have the / like s, and jssi.ij^ the iharp hiding /. 459. Sy in the termination sihle^ when preceded hy a TOwcl, is pronounced liifc s, as perfiuifibU^ riJibU% vifibU^ iUv'tfibii^ inftftbUt conclufihit / but it a liquid coTiionant precede die s^ the 1 then becomes (liarp and hiiling, ^%Jentibi€t njpQn- jiUf, tauiUe^ revcrsfhify &C. 440. S^ In the terminations sary and sory^ is (harp and hifTingf as dUpensary^ i^vcnarjf suajory^ persuaswy^, dccijory. incisory^ derisory, dtpuUory, compulsory^ w cfnsory^ compeasory, SMtpenJoryfieMJoryf.r^pomoryt cursory^ discursoryf iusoryy eluso* tf^dslujory. iliussfy^ cQHus9ry, Aojary and misery f which have the / hke st, are the only exceptions. 441 Sy in the tennination f/^t is pronounced like s, except in the adjed^ives b^tort mentioned, and a few i'ubltantiveS) fuch SLSparaJhcy anue, rise, grut, ver» diiristy m9rt'u€y travise. 4 ft. S in the urminations sal and iei, when preceded by a vowel, is pro. ncanced'^ s, ^aoid/, ouuiy housely nouf^al^ reprtaU proposaiy refusal y and iharp and htOingvVkcn preceded by a confonant. as ntennaU univcrtaty dec. 443 ^, in \be termination son^ sen, and /m, is pronpunced like s, as rtafon^ fr-tjooy tm^t eargafony diapafiny oriforij bentfnn, veni/on^ dertijon, Joijor$^ potjon^ fri/ioif damj&ft crimf^tSy cbofeuy. refin^ rofiny raijin^ coujin. But the / in mahm^ idjesh ^arriJoMf cafarifiuf compart/on^ parf(M% and perjon^ \% iharp and hilling, (170). 444. ^ after the inieparable prepofitions pre and proy Is fharp, as tn prefage^ frefikypnjidialjprejtaacffprefenffny projecuie^profecutionyprofcdy^ projopopetay but flat like % in prejcncey prejident^ pre^ ienfy. prefumey prefumpitvc, prtjumpttom but where the ^^ is prefixed to a word which is fignihcant when alonC) die / is al» ways fiarp, 2& pre fuppofc^ pre furmijey &c. 445. ^ after the infeparable prepodtion rf is almofl always pronounced like 2y as refemiieyrejeni^ refenimcnU refervcy nfervatioriy rejervoir^ rt/tduey refidenty re- ^daalgryy rrfidiy refign^ reJignmctUy reftgnaiion^ rejtiiencey rejuums^ rejtliiiony refine rtjifiy r^Jlamcey refohfiy resdutioriy refoluU rejult% refume, refumptiom, reJurreSion. 446. 5 is (harp afiter re in rtJufcitatioHy refupmatlon^ &c. and when the word added to it is (ignificant by iti'elfv as refearcby refeige, refeaty rejuriey. Thus to ff/^s, with the J like «» fignifies to yield up ; but to re ftgtiy to fign again, has the i iharp, as in^^tr .- io to refound» to reverberate, has the t like % ; but to nr- JowUy 10 ionvA again, has the 9 fharp and hiifing. 447. Thus we fee* after purfuing this letter through all its combinations, boir dffficait it often is to decide by analogy, when we are to pronounce it iharp and hiffing. and when flat like %• In many cafes it is of no great importance : m othen it is the diftin^ve mark of a vulgar or a polite pronunciation. Thos ^^^isBBver heard with the / like « but among the lowed order of the people 4 and yet there is not the kaft reafon from analogy why we ihould not pronounce it is this maoDery as well as in refign : the fame may be obierved oi prejide and ^Jifi^ vhicji have the / (harp and hifiinfi; 4 and refide and re/tjiy where the iame ^tter is fronoonced like s. It aiay, however, be remarked, that r^has the t hkt z after it more regolariy than any other of the prefixes. ^^ It may, perlu^« he -worthy of obiervauon, that though « becomes Aarp or &ic» as it is fblkiwed by a iharp or flat conionant, or a liquid, m u/metkf S/maL^ dijkand^ d^rb^ &C. yet if it follows a liquid cir a flat coniA- 1^^ except ia ibeifUBe lyllahle, h is generally iharp. I'hus the # in tubsL, M< &c is i&e • i but xokfiib^^, fuh/idey fubjtft^ it is iharp and hifling ; and >^i^4i46 Ibt in flii^fat itti Ikuy ift^^n^ and ab/muvn^ but if a ihaip conlbnant* 'xciT PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT S: confonlat precede, the a is always iharp and hii&ngy as tip/yj irickfy : tbns in the pronunciation of the word Glasgow, as the s is always (harp and hiflln^y ^e find the g invariably Aide into its (harp found k ; and this word is alwrays heard as if written Glafiow, We fee, therefore, that a preceding fharp coii« fonanc makes the fucceeding / fharp, but not inverfely. 449. S is always (harp and hiillng when followed by e^ except in the word AUcertu S atpiralcdf or totmdhg ftie fh, vr zh» 450. ^, like its fellow dental /, becomes afpirated, and goes either into the fharp found sb, or the flat found xh^ whence accent is on the preceding Towel, and it is followed by a femi-confonant diphthong, as nauttate^ or a diphthongal vowel, z%pieasuref pronounced nausbeate SLndphtimre (195)* 451. ^, in the tennination mttf preceded by a vowel, goes into Uie flat afpiration zh^ as evanon, cobesUn^ decifiottt conftuion^ pronotmced evazhiom^ Sec . % but when it is preceded by a liquid or another j, it has the (harp afpiratioxi sJ^^ as exfulfion, dimension^ peventon^ prongomced mpuhhlon^ dec. 4;a. The fame may be obferved of « before u ; when a vowel precedes the «, with the accent on it, the / goes into the flat afpiration, ^spUawre^ meoMure^ treajvre^rasuretpumomkccdfiezburej See; but when preceded by a liquid* or another /, it is founded sb, as sensualf censure^ tonsure^ fresamtf pronoaaeed sentbuait c^nsbure^ &c. 453. From the cleamefs of this analogy, we may perceive the impropriety of pronouncing ^sia with the (harp afpiration, as if written ^sbia ; when> by the foregoing rule, it ought undoubtedly to be pronounced Azbia^ rhymin*; with Arpasia^ eutbanaaiai &c. with the flat afpiration of z. This is the Scotch pronunciation of diis word, and onqueftionably the true one : but if I miftake not, Persh h pronounced in Scotland with the fame aspiration of /, and as if written PerzM^ ; which is as contrary to analogy as the other is agreeable to it. ^ 454« The tendency of the /to afpiration before a diphthongal found has produced feveral anomalies in the language, which can only be dete^d by ffecuiring to firft principles: for which purpofe it may be neceflaiy to obierve, that the accent or ftrofs aatnrally preferves the letters in their true found ; and as feeblenefs naturally fucceeds force, fo the letters, immediately after the ftrefs, have a tendency to Aide into di£Ferent founds, which require leis ex- ertion of the organs. Hence the omiffion of one of the vowels in the pro- nunciation of the laft fyliable c£ foufUain^ matmt^f eaptmnt &c. (20S) : hence the ihort found of i in resfite% servile^ &c« ; hence the / pronounced like z in dDaablcf where the accent is on the fecond fyliable ; and like x (harp and hiflin^ in JisabiSlyj where there is a iecondary fbefs on the firft fyliable ; and hence the difference between the x in exercUe^ and that in exert ; the former having the accent on it, being pronounced cks^ at if the word were written ecktercixe ; and the latter vrithout the accent, pronounced ^z, as if the word were writ- ten 0gzfrt>, This analogy leads us immediately to difcover the irregularity of #tfrf, /i^ar, and their compounds, which are pronounced tbure and ahti^arp though the accent is on the firft fyliable, and ou^ht to prelerve the / without afpiration $ and a want of attending to this analogy has betrayed Mr. l^eri- dan into a feries of miftakes in the found of / in the words tmcide^ freiume^ resume^ &c. as if written abookkhf prfzboomf re-zboomf 8cc» ;'but if this is the true prononciatton of tbefe words, it may be aikedf why is oot smi^ smk-^ I^ONVNCIATION OF THE CONSONANT T. xcv ails and adjeSivesy which preferve the fimple in the augment, without fuffierm^ rlic I to go into the biffing found, as /jp//y, tb(m pitiest^ bepUies^ or pitied^ mi^btier^ ^ttfor- Sbiery ttsfentte^h^ thirtieth^ &c. This is agreeable to the general rule, which forl>i<3< the adje£Hves or verbal terminations to alter the foumi of the primitive -Vferl> 01 nnun. See N0..38 1 . But in the words bestiah cekttialtfrottHerf admixtmt^ Sec where the s,xorn precedes the /. this letter is pronounced like tcb or //A» infte^c of ji ( 291 ), as bes-tcbial, cekt-ttbial, fnn^ebeer^ admix-Ubion^ Sec. ; as alio ^irhei the / is followed by eou^ whatever letter precede, as rigbteoms^ piteoBs^pUmt^aw^j Sue. pronounced rtgbtcbeofu. pttfbeomt^ plen-tcbeoutf Set, The fame may be ob ierved of / when fucceeded by uou as un^wmtt prefumptumUf Sec. pronoaaa^^ ung^ihuomt frtfumpAcbuouu Ac. See the words^ PRONUNCIATION OF THE COKSOKANT Til ictii -It h ' c fciuiid V, . . . tu %% ' 14 ^Ai iViund \ h\\\ ihcfc are To luiie lubjed io I pit. be I he belt guide. 4t ihc j; of wordit \% tharp^ >ti m ihan^^ th'ittf ^c* cicepl ti'i ^ 'J. f, lAtf^f /j6r*«t fiir^ ihfe^ tfjriri ibfmt f^'^ t^ v.f^^ Mr/r^ thoti^ ihitgh^ fhuti, thf^ And their c- : . ,wii' -. iferSs tp 'wrrath, Eo J'(^//^» to imtlmth to <«/A to imooih to I lo njirr ; »li wliich o^ght 10 bc writicn With ihc r HrtjJ i not only to dif- JuflM of ihcm Trooi the aouns, htit. to iliow th.u M %\ fgft : for though llbriitn4l«u£dni^TT]e'i proootinced fbft ;iJt in lo ^mth^ ta aiwiA, &c yetlAc att^«u*i rf ^i»mw the abjurduy of mir crrthograpby in thi ■ 4/t voltiie 10 dmw out the aoum und verbs its they ^aml ia Jobi»^ At^eairct and Noim«, Verbs* Ir^jr^. to ^rmiie. ^at^tmih to *U»rra//j, to In^Q^fSth* 1^ to /^tf/y^^. ^, 10 ctoalbe^ tJQ undimih. M. 10 A*M^. i«M^ to tm^^tk WK^h^ to fflWul^* l^htikf to fmtaihf. Aemk, ^\lOiheatk. 1 i«^*. to /a(?|^. st^ r :\ be mote evident Uian the aniilogy of the ka^uage In this L .. ..-^, -,4ard to hc'itaie a on»mcJlt Jt writing all the verbs wtdi the .^ ilii* U a dcp^irtare trom oar gre.it le*ict»griiphcr, which he himfelf -- -' — ^^ Qoching but in idvericncf coald h^ve led him into ibis un- i jty — It mif not be improper to obfet* c here, th;it tbofe fub- -'-. '^ il-if cod with iJj iharp itdopt the th Rai In the plur4j, xc iivich a propenriiy is there to (lide into the flat iy hear This Ibund in the genitive cafe* a& M? wiwV n , In the fame manner we he^ir of paying fo inuch ,^d of home'^eni ati4 iaxa : and fliopkccpcrf tellns '.'. inllcad of ait pricti Nwyt fotnc go lo far ai to ftjnrmv jrat ,* but this mull !^e carefuJIy avoided ajSS :ie of words, cither when it precedes or follr>ws GOOibO^riCt sktf^it^hef^ ntfcftthe^ orghoJ^x^ orthography^ orthoepy, th*wjrt,atf>^0rtt hne^ mhdtMfhvf^^ fl^nthrffy^ Btz except hrrHf^tH farthmg^ farther^ n&rthfmt ^rttf^ htttJS^^ muffhif. wber« the th is Hal i but tlie two Uft wgrdf art better n 469. T^ xcviU PR QNUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS TSy &c. 469. Tb between two vowels is generally foft in words purely Eneltfli, as father^ fealher-theathcn^ hither^ thUhttswhither^ whether ^dtber^ nc'uhw^ weMiber^ tvc- thetx wither^ gather^ together ^ pother^ mother, 470. T/j between two vowels, in words from the learned Ungaages, is gene* rally hard, as apathy f sympathy^ mntlpatby^ Athens^ aiheift^ authentic, author, authori- ty, athirfi, cathartic, catheJraK catholic, catheter, ether, ethics, lethargy, Lethe, levia- than, litharge, lithotomy, mathesis, mathematics, methofl, pathetic, plethora, polypuithy, prcthonotary, anametha,amethyjl^ theatre* amphitheatre, apothecary, apotheosis, 471. Th is fometimes pronounced like.fimple t, as Thomas^ thyme, Thames, asthma, phthisis, phthisic, phthisical^ and is filent in twel/thtide, pronoonted/w/^- tide. T silent. 473. Tis filent when preceded by /, and followed by the abbreviated ter- minations en and le, as hasten, ehafteu,fasten,listetty glisten, christen, moisten, which are pronounced as if written haee^n^ chace^n, &c. ; in hursten the / is heard : fo castle y nestle, trestle, wrestle, thistle, whistle, epistle, bristle, gristle, jostle, apostle, tbrostje, bustU, justle, rustle, are pronounced as if written, cassle, sscssle, &c. ; in pestle i!t\t t is pronounced ; in of ten, fasten, and eoften, the / is filent, and at the end'of feveral words from the French* as trait,gout, (tafte)* eclat. In the firft of thefe words the / begins to be pronounced ; in the laft> it has been fometimes heard ; but in the fecond, never, toupet is more frequently written taupeex and is therefore not irregular. In hiUet-doux the / is filent» as well as in bamtboy. ^Tht fame filence of / may be obferved in the Englifh words, Christmas, chesnut, mortgage, ostler, bankruptcy, and in the fecond f3^1able of mistletoe, lii currsmt and currants the / is always mute. $ee No. 102, 105, 405. r. 473. ^ is fiat/y and bears the fame relation to it as b does to ^, J to t,hsiTd g to k, and s to / (41). It is never irregular : and if ever filent» it is in the word twelvemonth, where both that letter and the e, are in colloquial pronancia- tioU) generally dropped, as if written twePmonth, W initial. 474. That fv at the beginning of a word is a confonant, has been proved already (9) iS9)' I' « always fdcnt before r, as in wraei, wrangle, wraM, wrath, wreak, wreath, wreck, wren, wrench,wrest, wrestle, wretch, wriggle, wrigbt, wring, wrinkleiwrist, write, writhe, wrong, wrought ^ wry, awry, bewray; and before h and the vowel a, when long, as whole, who, 6cc. pronounced bok, boo, &c. 475. IV before b is pronounced as if it were after the b, as hoo^, why, hoo-en, when, &G.; but in whole, whoop, &c. the fingle and double 0 coalefcing with the fame found in w, this laft letter is fcarcely perceptible. In swoon, however, this letter is always heard ; and pniuouncing it so^, is vulgar. In sword and asu^mer it is always filent. In two it mingles with iu kindred found, and the number two is pronotinced like the adv^ b too. In the prepofitions toward and towards^ the w is dropped* as if written /^av/ and toards, rhyming with hoard itnd hoards; .but in the adjedives and adverbs toward and towardly,froward soidfrowarcBy, the w is heard diftindly- It is fometimes dropped in the laft fyllable of etwiwardf a^ if written awiim/i bat this pronunctadoa is vidgSB** ^16. X VROKXWCIATIOK OF Tilt: CONHONANTS X, r. %c\x_ A^ X ftmltuer eompofed of ihofc wtiMi hir^ bcco atrtajf conGJrrfdt itHerrCoct ^U need bur lit ;i). Tt t» iUc or diarp l^e ]jw«. .47 7. Jt ha » SI V ti&txtrtttt \ wtib < i r r, vhcn it cndi 4 lyUuble with the accmi tt|3 'fy^tt v%c. of when ibc accent ii on the acxt fylUblei if 1^ I 47 H. Xbas t'.i tia: foiitict like^t when Uic uercenl ii not on it« snd tli '' ' tiigffBaVik havtfv^ the accent he^ni with a vowel » a.» utirt^ rxi$m^i, proocu! -ampf^f £;g%ittt $6€^ The f^nrc found fnar be o I fnlW,. rdkt/rt ^c^ pronounced ig'-Mthit, f^rMfr r Km rf i^ liley« a aipcrated« or mkes the fonnd of k aAer It, only when tJu scccit ^ fic^ve 1* ' *- '^^ ^-^'-rencc between htttfrf end /«*.^*jiria«« ; ifnxio ausci ^fitf/ in ^ ion of which wordi, uoihrng will dlie^l bot tccittrmj to m\' ^ it wa^ ahfeFvod that ; is never ^dptrated, ol promtaccd blceii^* L the accent is on the precedmg fylbblc (45o) heiWe the j? in the firH word, it U natni^tUy divinhk mto imk^mz natgr«1ly pronounced ani'thm : but as the accent is after ihcam theut'DQU word, and the hifling found cannot h^ strpiriUed 456), it itmft nasfikrily be ptonounced an^-^ittj. But Mr. SherkUn. wiUjout any rt- ^; ■ : compDWcnt kiters of thdc words, or the diiFcrenl pofiiion of the k'.. tkn rvnly fpelkd ihcm wiih©ut afpl ration, hut without ktting the * m liic <;oiupo/kinn of the hid wordf go into ^ ; for thus tliey Hand in htf Vk" ^^Oftary ' mi-spts f ^nk'i i ^e^ff , (4561. 4S1* Tbc letter *, at the beginning of words, goes into z, as Xerx^»t Kens- pirn. Jcc* pToaocnced 2^*^?^^/!'/, Zmflott^ &c, j it ii filcnt At the end of the FnaKb hl^ im^^ aad protiounccd like « in Uam ; often and better written 2^ T. li always llic fame found j and ihi? has been fiifi_ Jy dcil Tig its B;al cb ampler (4<5) ; when it is a rowel at Ecod 1^ ' ii>k witb the iicccnt upon it, it is founded eiauoio. Thus have we endeavoured to exhibit a juft idea < f the principles of pronun- ciation, both with refpea to fmgle letters, and their various con>bmations into fyllables and words. The attentive reader mull have obi'erved how much the founds of the letters vary, as they are differently a.Tociated. and how n^uck the pronunciation of thefe aflbciations depends upon the pofition of the accent. This is a point of the utmoft importance, and a want us men into the groifed aMiirdities. lliis wiUmorc folly appear in the obfervations on accent, which is the next point Co be con- fidered. OF THE NATURE OF ACCENT. 4S6. The accent of the ancients is the opprobrium of modern criticifm. Nothing can (how more evidently the fallibility of the human faculties than the total ignorance we are in at prefent 6f the nature of the Latin and Greek accent .f This would be Hill more furprifing if a phenomenon of a fimilar kind did not daily prefent itfelf to our view. The accent of the Engliih- lan- guage, whi'^h is conftantly founding in our ears, and every moment open to mveftigation, feemsas much a myilery as that accent which is removed almoft two thoufand years fromoor view, Obfcarity. perplexity, and confuOon, run through ev^ry treatife on the fubje6t, and nothing could be fo hopelefs as an attempt to explain it, did not a circumftance prefent itfelf; which at once ac« counts for the confufion, and affords a clew to lead us out of it. 48^7. Not one writer on accent has given us fupb a definition of the voice as acquaints us with its effential properties : they fpeak of high andlow^ loud and fi>f^ quick and flow, but they never once mention that ftriking property which diilinguifhes * Profeffor Ward, fpeaking of the realbn for dtmUias^ the < at the end ef words fayt, ^ t doabled reuint iu proper force, which, when fiDvIe at the end of wordi, it ffiaudw^o «» ** as bhtiiit " And Dr. Wallts tells ns, that it is ahnoft certain when a noun has i hard in die laft fyilakle, and becomes a verb ; tbu in the latter cafe the « becomes foft, as a imse b yronoitnced with the hard /, and to iitut with the i foft. t SeeOMervations onthc Greek and Latin Accent and Qnantity, at the end of tb« K0f D, and Scriftve l^npo Kmb«i* to the Cbfioa pcwiBciatiMi eC Greek, JLatia, ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES, a ^ uCKeft rpealung (mm rmgii)^ feuixb^ fine! whitlu fiom itt f\\Sm^ fiom y^io low, xml (mm low lo bigh wraj noi impxvperh be c^lV- i r dcYoicc Ko M^rmieft *lfhciJ writers ktl ihnOUt ot tJir :iti r the nattsre ef jiccent : ii wai ir. . ., , .^^ , ... I A 3D idea t>i' the fpcjkmg votc« n^' i izowttCQT* 0O! Iifi tiv ocice divide the voice ima it\ - ' '*- bfc QT»t f Tgiii ilit«, an d accent be comci « n p i e- u p j^ n > i v a\ .* i t ^v u i n '* j 'rpiog Ui^v '^^ " »nm view, let ua compare the accented fftbblc ♦ aad wt < I thi% general conclutlon m^jf be 4ftwii j • Tlit itiidei than the rdii but whcfi It Ii ' '^ - preceding, iifid lower than the in Awn, it is pnmcmnced higiicr *i> wcU ^t* r preceding oT futcecding,** rbc oaly '* when the accem h un the Lift iyUAble of a word . and which u the concludtng u-tird of a dskouric," » wiio ^r^ tAkcthis dearlj denaoi^lVatedt may cunfuk Eletnenis of Elo^ B*£rc ttrl PT?;N*n rr^-f. ig|^ Qh the pTcfent occalipn it will be fufiitknt ID ohfen '. ill accent \s a« well under ft ond a* it necedary fot fic fHetfUi^t^^L 1 v^ordsi U'hich is the cpa>]cO ol thii irciitife ; iind there* or*, canilderiii^ i -.ercly as ftrcfs, we Ih'il! proceed to make fome remarks Mti pfOfier pointcn tn a word^ and cndcavotir to deteffc ibme eirours in the faadap^licarioii of ie. The ^ifirtfit p9ffiiont ef tk Engiijh Aicent, 4$f* Acfeatp m tts very nature, implies a comparifon with other fyUahlcs 'iferciUe^ hence we maf conclude, that monofyllubks, prDperly fpcakmg* ift 00 accent : whtTi ilie)* arc combined with other monofyllables and form a iliraffp tbc is bid upon cme« in preference toothers, is called cm* ' '^'* -^ . evident!)' points out tlie mofl figniiicant word in a fen* tr reafons d<^ not forbid, the accent ;ilw^ys dwells witlj ' - --I of the word which, from its iiriportiince, the heurci ccafion toob ervc ; and this is necejrarilf the root, or >; r>ui at harmooy of termination frequently attracts tlieac- ntotto the branches of words, fo the iirft and moi\ natural law of •jraic Ids in filing the ft re Is than Liny of the other. Owr Indeed, with peffedt uniformity, leave the principal Tcflioo of whst fecmi its lawful propeity (501) ; n.irioEJS, of winch our language is full, aflume a ' anginal accent, and fublc^ing many of the words ^tcit own cbflicul lawi- 4',^ rcforej feems to be regulated, in t great nicafurcp by ety- r ■ '•■ .■ fmitj the Saxon, the accent is generally on the root; in - mguages, it ii generally on the termination ; and if to > (. 4 s Lit accent wc lay on jbme words, to diftingtufti them t'j tf» have the three great principles of accentuation; name- 1}^ uic rmiic^i, iLki icrmLOajUonalr mud the diilinftive. Eyctj ' ' '^^^ fjfliablcs has necelTarily one of them accented, and _1* b - ' ^ the ^kc of ciinphafis, wc Ibmctimes lay an ctjual flreis tipeo cu ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES. upon two (ncceBiye fyllables, as iiUreSffime-times ; but when thefe words are proRoanced alone, they have never more than one accent. For want of attending to this dtftindion» fome writers have roandly afTerted* that many diflyllables have two accents, fuch as convojfy coneourfi^ difcord, flnffwrech : in which, and iimilar infiances, they confoond the diftindnds, with which the latter fyUables areneceflarily pronounced, with accentual force; though nothing can be more different. Let us pronounce the laft fyllable of the noun torment as diftin^y as we pleafe, it will {iill be very different with refpedt to force* fvonx the fame Arllable in the verb to ttfmtanii where the accent is on it.; and if we do bat care- foUy watch our pronunciation^ the fame difference will appear in everyr word of two fyllabks) throughout the language. The word Amen is the only word which is pronounced with two confecutive accents when alone. 492. There is a pecoliarity of accentuation in certain words of two fyllablcs, which are both nouns sind verbs, that is not unworthy of notice; the nouns hav- ine the acceht on the firft fyllabk, and the verbs on the kft. This (eaoA aa inuindtve effort in the language (if the expreffion will be allowed me) to com- penfa^e in fome meafure for the want of different terminationi Ibr thefe differ- ent parts of fpeech.* The words which admit of this diverfity of accent* axe the following. Nouns. abjea ibfent ibftraft accent mx aflign augment b6mbard cement c6neague c6Uea c6mpad c6mpound compreis c6ncert c6ncrete condud confine c6nflia cdnferve c6nfort c6nteft cdntrad: c6ntraft c6nvent Verbs. to abj^a to abilnt io abdraa to accent to affix io a(rign to augment ' to bombard to cement t9 colleague to coU^a to compaa to comp6und to compr^fs to concert to concrete to conidua to confine to conflfa io ^onf^ve to confort to cont^ft toctttktx&St /tfcontrift to convent Nouns. Verbs. d6fcant to defclnt digeft dfiy to dig^ft \tOt&f fexpon to exp6rt cxtraa io extriia 6xtle to exile f46rment to ferment frequent to frequent Import to import fncenfe to inc^nfe Infult to iniuit 6bjea to objea p^ume to perfume p6rmtt to permit pr6fix to prefix pr6mife io premtfe prfefage foprefage pr^fent io pref^nt produce to produce pr6jea to proj^a proteft to prot^a r^bel /oreba record to rec6rd rtfufe to refufe (ubjea to fubj6a Noui vioff a partidfl ttl termiiutioo. has iDcUnc^ to phmounce that part of fpeech with an accent nearer the end than we do the noon £ f q^I thoBgh we can without any difficulty pronoonce the Terb with the accent 00 the nocasa* ^w^^ cannot To eaiily pronoonce the partiaple and the adverb formed from it with that «eccxit • thoi we can pronoonce to trmt/fart with the accent on the firft fyUable ; Vnt not fi» «mfil J frii^^rimg wnAtrii^f^nuifly. Thii it a foUd rcafon for the difUndion, and ought to ias^^^ ti8wbcrewectoteob(tfvet(« At'^MrrtuAtiOitfMnUitVktott^sai^^iX^ Scctl« ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES. cm NOQBS. Verbs. Nonni. cdnveHc to converfc iiirvcy convert to convert lonncnt convia U convia trajca trui&fer t6nyoj U convoy ddert to def^n trinfport difiyyimt 9q difcount Attribute Verbs. to furv6y to torment to trajta to transfer to tranfpdrt to attribute 493* To this analogy, fame fpeakers are endeavouring to reduce the word csntnOi s whicb, when it fignifies the matter contained in a book, is often heard «-!th the accent on the firfl fyllable ; but though this pronunciation ferves to diillngtiini words which are difitrent in fignification, and to give, in fome mea* fure, adifimnce of form to die noun and verb, in which our tongue is remark* ab\y deficient, dill it is doubtful whether this diftin^ion be of any real advan« tagt to the language. See Bowl. This diverfity of accentuation feems to have^laceVn fome €OD^K>and verbs. See Countbr balance and the fubfe- quent words. 494. Sometimes words have a different accent, as they are adje^ives or fubftantives. Sabfbntfves. eagufis the month cbamp^n^ wine hdh^ banifhment £all6atf a lover imfiaa hmaHd Lcvoja^ a place w^Wr of time Jitfme^ in grammar Adje6Hves. augOfty noble compdfS cb^faigHf open nciU, fmall ghllanty bold inpna inv6liJ i^ant% eadem miniite, fmall fupine^ indolent 495* Sometinies the iame parts of fpeech have a different accent to mark a iif ercnce of iignification. to tbi^fiirt^ to praaiie magic ; diftrt^ a wildemefs k&ffk^ a blow 9isi/La-f infidious 10 conjure^ to intreat. defertf merit huffelf a cupboard Jinipr^ the left fide 496. In this analogy fome fpeakers pronounce the word Cmcordana widi the acoemonthe firft fyllable, when it fignides a di^ionary of the Bible ; and with die accent on the fecond^ when it fienifies agreement : but befides that, ^^rt is not the fame reafon for diftinguifnin^ nouns from each other, as there U noons from verbs ; the accent on the firit fyllable of the word Concordance gives a harfbaeis and poverty to its found, which ought to be afbtded. 497. fiat though the different accentuadon of nouns and verbs of the fame fcrm does not otend fo far as might be ezpededy it is ceruin, that in words ^ two fyllabks, where the noon and verb are of different forms, there is an <7^^t tendency in the language to place the accent upon the firft fyllable of tl^ioon, and on the laft of the verb. . Hence the nouns 011/rtf/^, upjiart^ and ^'proar^c the accent on the firft fyllable ; and the verbs to v/Zj/Zf to ufhoMt 3^toit{||^ ontlielaft. av ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES. 4984 This analogy will appear ftill more evident if we attend to the accent of thofe nouns and verbs which are compounded of two words. Every dif- fyllable compounded of words which, taken feparately. have a meaning« may be deemed a qualified fubd^ntive ; and that word which qualifies nr defcribes the other, is tliat which n^od diftingui(hes it, and confequently is that which ought to have the accent : accordingly we find that inkhorn^ outrage^ thairman^ freeboUyfand-box^book^cafe^peH'knife, nave the accent on the firft fyllable, whick is the fpecifying part of the word ; while gainfay^ forefeet overlook^ underfeil^ have the accent on the laft fyllable, which is the leaft diftinguifhing part of the word. I'his rule, however, is either by the caprice of cuftom, or the love of harmony, frequently violated, but is fufficiently extenfive to mark the general tendency of the language. Akenfide brings the verb to comment under this analogy : The fober leal ** Of age, «««rawirti«^onprodigioiuthiogft.? And Milton in the fame manner the verb to commera : • *' And looks tommtrmig with the flcies, « Thy rapt foul attiogin thino eyet."— i/ Pem/iyo. 499, Something very analogous to this we find in the nouns we verbalize* by changing the / (h:^rp of the noun into the / flat, or % of the verb ^457)9 as a use, and to use ; where we may remark, that when the word in both parts of fpeech is a monofyllable, and (b not under the laws of accent, the verb» how- ever, claims the privilege of lengthening the found of the confonant, when it can, as well as when it cannot, prolong the accentuation : thus we not only find grafi altered to grazft bra:s to braze^ g!afs to gla%$^ price to pr}%i% breath to breathe. &c. but the r or f (harp altered to the ./ flat in advice to advife9 excufe to excuft^ device to devifcf &c The noun adopting the (harp hifling ^und, andL the verb the foft buzzing one, without transferring the accent from one fylla- ble to another. The vulgar extend this analogy to the noun praQice and the verb tofraaife^ pronouncing the firft with the i fliort and the c like (harp #, as if written ^rtf^//}, and the Uft with tlie i long and the /like s, as if written praQize ; but corredl fpeakcrs pit)nounce the verb I'ke the noun ; that is, as if written praSift, Vht noun prophecy and the verb to prophefy follow this analogy, only by writing the noun with the r and the verb with the /i and without any dif- ference of found, except prono incing ^e y in the firft like o amf in the laft like f long ; where we may ftill difcover a trace of the tendency to the barytone pro- nunciation in the noun^ and the oxytone in the verb (467). See Appendix • 500. This feeras to be the favourite tendency of Englifh verbs ; and where we find it crofled, it is generally in thofe formed from nouns, rather than the contrary : agreeably to this, Dr. Johnfon hah ohierved, that though nouns have often the accent on the latter, yet verbs have it felciom on tne former fyllable ; thofe nouns which, in the common order of language, muft have preceded the verbs, often tranfmit this accent to the verbs they form, and inverfely : thus the noun noaler muft have prec^eded the verb to water ^ as the verb to correfpond »uft have preceded the noun correfpondent ; and to purfut muft clkim priorit j xopurfuit^ So that we may conclude, whenever verbs deviate frnm this rule» it is feldom by chance, 9nd generally in thofe words only where afuperior law of accent takes place*. . . decern ■^ACCENT ON DISSVLLABLE8 AHD TRISYLLABLES ''^^H Jcmii m TwifiMkt. ^H ^^L^I. Ai n-nlJ i Ifii-fcarein fvll iUei, fbe mnri ^ ifllv fs ihcTr :irfriU tiHiUiU ^^H by beer ^^H ' h to them ; ^^H tcriuiiuiionfc ;ijg^^^H {ltd, Tliu^ /i>4 UcconKi //OTT/// ; pici^ poettft ; fiJiU ^^^| i-.dJyt nnd M/tfirvianlij^ witUmil i ^^^M .€ prtfpofUlvi: if/ir, or ihi: fu1jjun£li> ^^H ^^^ff^RR nrnf< ^c mav pctcdro tiii: glanntt ^bfurdit? which prcvuiU cvtn m ^M li _ I . - ■ Tonanncmg the pkn^l d ^rim^/i^ tnd G^cn the rtn* ^1 ^^H_ ** .. the feconti fylL+Wc, like yir^r-y/ ;iiitiy«*v^/ f hjr H ^B we mi . Juiih^fi :ini! Juuh^ft, ^* frur^ft and prim 'pi / ^| ^^V ¥\ tcfs htjn With rhc bitcrthiin witT^ ♦^->^'nKT- ^^^| ^H rccfyllaltks Collnw the Eitiitlrtgy > m tttofc ^^^| ^K " cbc iuccnt to die \a\\ fylliiblc, m u lxs. ucconomj ^^H ^■fct >\^%\ m;iny verbs, intfccJt of three iVlUbks arc ^H ^H «i>n fjf two ryllublcs ; and then, afcorjing to ll^c ^^^| ^H priTr.r not thj: feconJary of diftinOion. wc m^v eftecm ^^^| Hut ve ; ftich nrc amtf^ii^^ irtUrcfJ^, /■■ f ja- ^^^B ^B ir,r ., &c- \fchik the gcncndky rf wiM :^ in ^| ^V ' itnd icf, retain the accent of ihc fimplc* 4^ truuffrf ^M ^K^ nd iKc whok tribe of trifyUiiblc verbs m afft 'cry ^^ ^^^^ f on t!ie latl ij Ibblc : but word* of tlirfc fylla* ^M ^^^^^^^■rj. : m the Iciifned l^mguitgcs frofo which they 4re ^| I ncccitiry to inquire Iwvr far Engbih stccent h re- ^M ^^^^^^^^^^^^H» ^■PHt,^ ».» ^,;^aiid l^atln. ^| ^Koiib/«^k^ ' ' * ^Vi-^i #ii^ /Uilia ^tf^if r, «ff li* ^tftvfl/ -?/ B^liJ^ PahfylMks. H ^B f-i * '^i lirgtlyfrom the Itsimed langtisgcs, it it H ^H m>: 11 Ihouid be in fome inrafiiTc inflAienctdby H ^H iJktt k accent, w;is^ indeed, eflcntiaUv different ^| ^■_&o«»d ! s frcim the Creek, coming to us throngh ^^H t-d as to lofc their ongin;u accend and 10 ^^H ^^kft^ ^^Hu_^ - ; the Laiiii accent H'hich we muil chiefiy ^^H ^^^^^^^L !j our own. ^1 ^^^^^^^^^^^r ' It may he kid down if ♦that when words came H ^mt^^ u or Latin, the f ^rnc accent oogbi to be preferved ^| ^Hoj 1- w tr.-mr^Ui^ AfCQrum, didator^ gUJiaior^mfdhturf ^M ^B >c tlie penultimate accent of the original 1 ^M ^^^^w^ v ix^i.M.iiCy of oar languitgc has placed the accent H ^^^^^^^^Hir 01*1 finator^ attdit^r, ckairixy p/ethra^ Sec. in oppo* ^M ^^^^^^V ' ' un of thcfe wordsi and would have infallibly ^M ^^^^^^K , . '1?, ^nd ^cumtn^ ii tJie learned had not fteppcd ^| ^^^^V^i^ ii^^u ^i^^Hh ^^4i Ap^ ^I^< i^vaibn of the Gothic accent, aad H ^^ 0 i^ ^_^B CYi ACCENT ON DISSYLLABLES AND TRISYLLABLES. to prefcrvc the ftrcfs inviolably on the fecond fyllable : nor has even the inter- pofition of two confbnants been always abl^ to keep the accent from mount- ing up to the antepenuhimate fyllafcle, as we may fee in m'tmfter^ finifier^ charaSer^ &c. ; and this may be faid to be the favourite accent of our language. See Miscellany. (c) Butnotwithftanding this prevalence of the antepenultimate accent, the general rule ftill holds good ; and more particularly in words a little removed from common ufagc, fuch as terms in the arts and fcicnces : thcfe are generally of Greek original ; but coming to us through the Latin, mod commonly con- traft the Latin accent when adopted into our language. This will appear plainly by the following lifts : and firft, let us fcled fome where the Greek and Latin accents coincide : plethora, metabafiSy emphafis, antifpafis^ antichcfis. antiphradsy prot^fis, metathefiSy epentbefiSy aphaerefisy 'fdj Anotlier lift will fhow us where the accents of thefe languages dif- fer : antanaclafiSy eatachrcfiS) paracentefis, apofiopefis, antiptofis, anadiplofiS; auxefis,^ mathefiSy cxegefis, »cUX«fK, fA»Bwflty hydrophobiai cyclopaedia, aporia, profopopoeia,. epiphonema, diaphorefiSy diploma, parogoge, apoftrophe, 4rp«^»ir04r««tf, /ifffepii0-fC, In this lift we perceive the peculiar tendency of the Latin language to ac- cent the long penultimate vowel, and that of the Greek, to pay no regard t» it if the laft vowel is fhort, but to place the accent on the antepenultimate. It will, however, be eafily perceived, that in this cafe we follow the L.atin analogy : this analogy will appear, more evident by a lift of words ending in ofis'f where, though the c>in the penultimate fyllable is the omega, the Greek accent is on the antepenultimate : tVip0^«^x«^«Cy ^xMftcf^etffti^ «r«#'r&/u4t0'iry mfM.mv}t»rit^ ti'r^ticcvi:^ junTttyif^arn^ 9t/r«p6p«»c, o^uveisiiMTif, This analogy has led us to accent certain words formed from the Greek where the omega was not in the penultimate of the original, in the fame manner as thofe words where this lone vowel was found : fuch as Exostosis % formed from 'is and •0^f«T, Synneur^fii from o-dv and v«i/fcv, &c* This tendency therefore has fufficiently formed an analogy ; and fmce rules, however abfnrdly formed at firft, are better than no rules at all, it would> in my opinion, be advifablc to confider every word of this form as fubjedl to the penultimate accent, and to look upon apotbeofit and metamorphofts as exceptions. (c) The next rule we may venture to lay down as a pretty general one, is that if the words derived from the learned languages, though an^licifed by alteriog the terminatioDi contain the fame number of fyllables as m the ori- ginai ACCEKT ON POLySYLltABLES, eta \m ts« V Oil f of inch cbttfes oif «rorili la fa«r« im r....^.;4gCl, fnflmFt; Words wfiSdi iu%e« Tit the pcTmhimatc ffU^ble : prrraltntt prxrflJcnSi ififlimoui, ^ iff 5c en 5, ^ mtl.igittCi ' at* 1, fuiTrugan, lutfragaiu, 3«. itr^A\ <"lir. ' AC find all but tlic two firj^ have a diffcftnt acr |tOi' L;tim. The rule frir pUcing Uic ficccnt m that ^ i^-^ .-..-i * ,. *.. the world : «f the pcmtltJmutc lyil^^hle U lanj^ iLc ^tteo^ \\ Qfi it ; ifiliort^ the acccot is an the n.rtte()entih(in lU* iKiaa« fg) Wor» providence. provldens* itr, -r>, fcrtinHte, fetlmoi mendicant. mcndjcansi Miinoctktt . .s, rtfideni* rcfTdens, icdil-^Cii. -, ..kE;>, diffiiicnce. difl7dens. #fl ^-m, canfidencej ci>nndenSp in*. ^ens, invtftigalCp invcftigo, Ai ;,^ens, cAiWgiin, caftigo. "^^ ;....,. 5^ ttxUic^lCf eitricOt -f ItJlUlGj irrttOp inicuigcn^ pr6t^(_^ite, profllgo, deJictCCtS inili-.ue. infUgo, Ui^: ^ m^rds wc find a very general coincidence of the 4,. . . except in the hift eleven wc^r Js, where w^r depart iW Lauaa4i«2cttifmtlM: penaltimate^ and place it on oar own favrmntc fyUabla tm Atcti imprudens, adjutant! adjutans, peculate, peculor. indurate. induro, obdurate, obdiiro. ^v ACCXNT OK rOLtHVLUAriLrjI. ^^^^H^^H j^j\^Ttv Ui rTirc t r al !cna a frHiblc liighrr: ais mf^m mi imUoKi 4W U 1 wt^, 1, ^hmr tbi a^c^nt o4 tjie fotgltOi word m ^^1 ^■b|k. coioct4eD(t€ ti neectii lietwcen Lutiti H ^^^^^K^ •'^^ - ^-.athcEn,-'^^ d» ■ ^^^^^^Hl It?** vtitfk H ^^^HEmr^tJT Hi ^^^H^jHlclu ^^1 ^^K ^^BF^"^' ■ ^^■■k. •nco' * ^H ^msjst^r fl ^^■^^'tnrvi . . . i^».^.w^ ^tj^ ^^H ^^^Ha T 16 ki nn ( 4 9 1 )> ^^H ^^^^^■^ ifi'ci it^edcfjvcd from the Ltt - * « — vc ^^H ^^^^U.^ marc ;ipprtfit ih*in Uic coi ic ^^ T ;tnd the t'e i>nd. i \^ M-e ^| ^^Bp^M/ ^^no fi u pTontuidHikm of it. fiiii^jvY,^ H ^^^^k^» icx'/i ■ the accent Ofi tlic ;: .ic, ■ ^^^^^^Bn<9cnno^ von fit, rMTimmh^ •ft . f| H ^^^^pc are frt ill our Ens^Iiili ■ uMlivk WM^dt, H ^^PpBCCAicO. .a iylbbic. .* luKKfAlAiLl, H HTrf / TT^^j rd^ y be obfcrvcU of die r nT)d 0 m me* ^^^1 „ MmBiA rm*5^ . ^^fll i in JfllrittfTit and tb(? fuif ;■ in f/rrWrr. are pn- ^^H H-^^ 11 aJTidogy (f07 , ti ' c ^^H ^^^^m^ VI, l'V>r thc^«tj//i//v ii ^1 ^^^HLi-4t^4£n«W Iryfii iIm. Gicck iubi litiiiii, foe Svi«i.AitCATiOM| iw. 543, ■ Tfrmmatjon&i Mc^ni . ^^^^^t W^ l%^v«' ' ^*'^ *hat the Sajfon tcrfni nations, i cgardlcf> f-f h^iPtnnrjf, hI- ^^^^C licrc they found it* let the advciiritioui iylbijlcs be ever ^^^^^^^' ' nttrntivc chkfty to fcnfp, prcfcfvcd the f^me llm- ^^^^^^■1 i\m the comparnion of thctr WiiuK \ und, if fcnfc ^^^^^^B' - . it xnuft ht' cunfeffffd, that oar aiiict:itDr» weie. ^^^^^K^ r.cki aad i\om4ns. What mcdjod could to ^^^^V rigidlf ^^^^E. 1 af tli«s cciwctdencc, whcr^ lie f^yi^ ** dl vcrlfi^ ^^^^^^^Kr^ r othtTwift*. hoy ^ht iii-c(^r!f a* if f- f^vuni! in sh* ^^^H^^ M^^ animate. t wrtfij^ ^^^^m'^ ^ tfff, u nf»^' \ 1 UrAfit*^ ^^B^^€« tie: cir^cl aniijiUJUtiioi tn*;l''«nir^v*tJofi|,tliaCTltiCJireuE-.cr wui rictht ti»:fl jiit^gie. cs TERMINATIONAL ACCENT. rigidly prefcrvc, and fo ftrongly convey the fenfe of words, as that which al- ways left the accent on the root, where the principal meaning of the word un- doubtedly lies ? J^ur the neceffi ties of human nature require that our thoughts ihould not only be conveyed with force, but with eaie ; to give language its due cfFe^, ic muft be agreeable as well as forceful ; and the ear ttiuft be ad- dreffed while we are informing the mind. Here, then, terminational accent, the mufic of language, intcrpofes ; corredls the difcordant, and (irens^thens the feeble founds ; removes the difficulty of pronunciation which arifes tt'om plac- ing the accent on initial fyllablcs, and brings the force gently down to the lat- ter part of the word, where a cadence is formed, on the principled of harmony and proportion. ^^, To fo|-m an idea of the influence of termination upon accent« it will be fufficicnt to obfei-ve, that words which have e'h ia^ ie, iot eou^ in tlieir termination^ always have the accent on the preceding fy liable : thus atheists alien^regatia^ am- hrosla^ &c. the numerous terminations in hn^ ian^ &c. as gradation^ promotion^ confusion^ lo^iciart^ physician^ Sec. thofc in icus^ as harmonioui^ abstepu9ust &c. thofe in eous^ as ouiragfous^ advantageousyScc, Thefe may not improperly be (lyled fcmi confonant diphthongs (196). 506. The only exceptions to diis rule are one word in iat^ as elfgiacy which has the accent on the f, and the following words in iacal,9S protodtaca/, carJia- calf Miacal, genethUarai^ maniacal^ demomacalf ammoniacaif iberiacdlt paradisiacal^ aphrodisiacal^ and hypochondriacal; all which have the accent on the antepenul- timate i, and that long and open, as in idle^ title, &c. 507. Nothing can be more uniform than the pofition of the accent in words of thefe terminations ; and with very few exceptions ; the quantity of the accented vowel is as regular as the accent ; for when thefe terminations are preceded by a fingle confonant, every accented vowel is long, except 1/ which, in this fituation, is as uniformly ihort: thus occasion, adhesion^ erosiont^ni con- fusion, have the a, e, 0, and o, long ; while vision and decision have the r fhort. The fame maybe obferved oi probation, concretion, devotion, ablution, and exhibit ihm* The exceptions are, imfetuous, especial, perpetual, discretion and battaiivn, which laft ought to be fpelt with double /, as in the French, from which it is derived, and then it would follow tlie general rule. National and rational, form two mofe exceptions 5 and thefe are almoft the only irregularities to which thefe numerous claffes of words are fubjea. 508. Nearly the fame uniformity, both of accent and quantity, we find in words ending in ic. The accent immediately precedes this termination, and every vowel under this accent but tt is (hort ; thus Satanic, pathetic, eliptic, har- monic, &c. have the accent on the penultimate, and the vowel (hort ; while innicy runic, and cubic have the accented vowel long. 509. The fame may be obferved of words ending in ical, 2J^ fanatical, poetical, tevitical, canonical^ ^C. which have the accent on the antepenultimate fyllable, and the vowels Cy i, and 0, ihort ; but cubical and musical, with the accent on the fame fyllable, have the u long. 510. The only exceptions to this role are arsenic, choleric, ephemericy turmeric^ enpiricj rhetoric, Inihopric, (better written bishopricky fee No. 400), lunatic, arith- metie, splenetic^ heretic, pciittc, and, perhaps )»^/r^m/7/fc ; which, though more fre- quently heard with Uie accent on the antepenultimate fyllable, ought, if pof- fible, to be reduced to regularity. Words ending in scence have uniformly the accent on the penultimate fyllable, as quiescence, reminiscence, &c. i concupiscence^ which ha^ the accent on the antepenultimate, is the only exception. 51 1. In the ikme manner, if we take a view of the words ending in lution, the precediz^ accented vowel is fhort, except it be i/, as leverity, curi^ Mty^ htpuuity. See. : we find too, that even « contra in oppofition to derivation, as adversative and ar^mnUt^vey from advene and argument, IncJicative and interrogative are like- wife exceptions, as they do not follow the verbs to indicate and interrogate : but a< they are grammatical terais, they feem to have tuken their accent from the fccondary accenty we fometimes give to the Latin words indicotivus a^d inters rogatnx (fee the word Academy). Words ending in ary, ery. or ery, have generally the accent on the root of the word ; which, if it confifts of three iyllaUes, maft ncceflarily be accented on the firft, as contrary^ treachery^ fae- /s'-y, ^c. ; ff of four or fi\t^ the accent is generally on that fyllable which has the accent in the related or kindred words : thus eypostulatory has the accent on ibc {ame radical fyllabies as expostulate ; and congratulatory, as congratulate : sBferr^aitry aad derogatory are exceptions here, as in the termination ative s and it paaficatorjt Jacrjficatory^^ signijicatoryy vesicatt^ry, &c. have not the ac- cent 00 tbe firil fyllable, it £^m% to arife from the avcrfion we feem to have at placing even the fecondary accent on the antepenultimate a, (which we ihouid be very apt to do if the principal accent were on the firft fylUble,) and • llicie vrordi ov^ht certainly to be accented alike ; and accordingly wc find Dr. lohn- SeAiMt* Sbcridiii, Mr. Barclay, and Mr. Smith, place the accent on tbe fccond fyllable; WdM^ii Fenoisg zcoenxtjigtificaspry in the fame manner, he places the accent on the ante- pes«kii»Sc ^ pacificatory i afld Kcnrack fikewife accents the fecond fjUable oS /tgnijtcatory^ imt ^hA ^ pagifcaUry : the 9ti|cr 9rthdeptfta,who have not got thcfc words have avoided ciii ENCLITICAL ACCENT. and die difficulty there would bo in pronouncing fuch long words wilh fo many unaccented fylkbks at the end, if we were to lay the accent on the Hrii. Words ending in ^ivs have the accent regularly on the penultioiate fyllable, except adjtcUve^ which, like indicatives being a gramniattcal word, feems to have taken its accent from the fecondary llrefs of the Latin adjcQiims ( ice Academy » t and every word ending in /iW, preceded by a confonant, has the accent on the penultimate fyllable likewife, except tuhstanlive ; and, perhaps, for the rcafon jud given. After all, it muft be owned, that words ending in ative and atory ure the roofl irregular and defultory of any in the Linguag;e % as they are generally accented very far from the end, they are the moft di/H- cult to pronounce ; and therefore, whenever ufage will permit, we iliould in. cline the ftrefs as much as poflSble to the latter fyllabLcs : thus refraQory ouglit never to have the accent on the firft fyllable ; but reftQory^ witli the accent on the i?r{l, is a fchool term, and, like substantive^ aajMye^ indicalivef and inter' rngaiive^ mud be left in quiet polTeflion of their Latin fecondary accent. EmUtical Accent, 513. I have ventured to give the name ofenc/ilical to the accent of certain words, whofe terminations are formed of fuch words as feem to loie their ow n accent, and throw it back on the laft fyllable of the word with which tlicy 4:oal€fc€, fuch as theology, ortA^grftphy, &c. The readinefs with which tliefc words take the antepenultimate accent, the agreeable flow of found to the car, and the unity it prefervesin the fenfe, are fufficient proofs of the propriety t>f placing tlie accent on this fylLihle, if cuftpm were ambiguous. I do not re- member to have heard the accent difputed in any word ending in »ipgy t hut orthography is not unfrequentiy pronounced with the accent on the firdfyilal>le, like orthodf.xy. The temptation we are under to difcover our knowledge of the component parts of words, is very apt to dr^w us into this pronunciation ; but as thofe words which are derived from the Greek, and are compounded q{ xiy*>i^ have univerfally given into this enclitical accentuation, no ^00 J reafon appe;jrs for preventing a fimilar pronunciation in thofe compotinded of ypa^w, as by placing the accent on the ant€|)enultimate'fyllable the word is m 11 cl- more fluent and an rotable to the ear. It is certain, however, that at iiril fight the moft plaufible rcafoning in the wnrld feems to lie againft this accen- tuation. When we place the accent on the firft fyllable, fay our opponent^, we give a kind of lubordinate ftrefs to the third fyllable gi-ap^ : by which means the word is divided into its primitives op8«c and yp^S^i&j ^nd iho£c din- tin<5l ideas it contains, are picfcrved, which muft neceflarily he confounded by the contrary mode ; and that pronunciation .of compounds, fay tjicy, mult certainly be the beft which heft prefervc> the import of the fimples. 514. Nothing can be more fpecious than dii« reafoning, tijl we look a littl- higher than langua(;e, and conlider its obje(5^ ; we (hail dien difcover, tha.t ii uniting two words under one accent, {o as to form one compound term, w - do but imitate the fuperior operations of the miod, which, in order to collcc and convey knowledge, unites feveral fimple ideas into one complex on»- " The end of. language,** fays Mr. Locke, " is by (hort founds to fignify wit': •* eafe and difpatch general conceptions, wherein not only abundance oF pa r ^< ticulars are contained, but alfo a great variety o£ independent ideas are col *• levied into one ccmplex one. and tliat which holds theic diifercnt parts i<. " gethcr in the unity of one complex idea, is the word we ^nnez to iu*^ p<-k as Mr. Locke continues, ** Men, in framing idj&asy feek more th^ convenicno Clfti 1 cnmpfi ' art J mt^tioni \s i Til, thiifi tbf I hat ihi^ h tfoiK b> 'M- . (jl.KCi die ;KCk*tit on die ;i; tnfifUnX oa lU 4U|»cn9r harukonyt mull belt ^ulWcr tlic grc^c end oi' bin- 10 our lingaage, to fmiplify compntimli, h fyflicif nily lu cv^irtloguc of w'orJs, wliere we 6ni the kmg vn^rcl »»* ^ a (lion otic in the comp und, imd by thi • meiinv ^ ' import to the C.*r; ihui ^rMjf/rl^/, #ir;>Afi^fif, Wff- fu, hrdtkent valhy% ektmif^ ihuni^ {V^A%\^firrheB(U 7, hindfr^ krtn'mli^^^'i tiarUng^ fiM^'faU p/iaiiint, flrn' tf^mjirrfs^ tusi/fh^ wtatil^^ hmiih, lifhd^mm ^^t^atdf ^ . g&iftn^f {^7ieff h^lidiiyf Chrhtmat^ Mkhaclmat^ fiFi •) f/fi^r, ^•rjrf fr om lw//*r, ati J many ochiTi| cT : in ihfjr compound or derivative . > ulitfi A finiplc fi ahnoil univeifiilly cfuingfd intt> i^*a» ^5 Wh'nchurrh^ WhhjiAK Wbttbrfdd. fVhHlKk^ U joufnefs and defpjKch bcin^j new tn importaiicc to I jv ^<> d mgcr of milhtkc, it rs no wonder Uut tlic or* ^ . 1 .in d ca I le (I fo uo tj s * 4crved^ thit ihisi tendency lo atike fimptei in- : accent cxaifdy where the two words coalefce, ...^i of lurmofif- The Greek word J^»i», winch 1 wi*ich die lail fyllables ni'^nAoii&xy arc derived, iLVLiiis5fiv^ word like >«>if and >m^^ f ^'iJ cvcti If it had i;c of conJbnanu m ibe leutr *- would have pTcvcntcd I uccrnt on the fylkble immcdiutdy precedtngt as li, hsfcomc JrfHcult to ptTonounce* Pkcir^ the ac^ il fj^liabk of erdoSjfjft gives the ^rg4tiis an oppor- iry ftreA upon die ih'irdr which enables diem lo^ tt^neis and fluency ; ihu^ Galff^y and Caih§xy^ lylkblc, are very difHcuh to prnnouricei botJ ':ing the accent a ly liable higher in the wordil chiffcs of words th;it fo readily adopt this cticlkical I' tn Ik* tvrrceuble to tbe genius of our prontincta- , car by aLfducing cxamplcf. Wordi in the \ .. ..*.^ «»...i,» the ace cTit on that fy liable where die two ri the aniepeautdmate lylhblc : j^, 9M Mfmli^yt omMkzn gmdl^^gy-, &c . 9 U ^^ cxxv ENCLITICAL ACCENT. In ioquy^ as oh/oquy, soliloquy, ventriloquy, (cc. In strophe, as catastrophe, apostrophe, anastrophe^ &c* In meter, as geometer, barometer, thermometer, &c. Itigonai, as diagonal, oSagotud, polygonal, 8cc. In vorous, as carnivorous, gramvorous^ pisctwrous, &c. In/erous, as hacciferous^ cocctfirous^ somniferous, &ca li\Jlttous,2iS^ superfluous. Mellifluous, feliyiuouSf^. Ivkjluent, as mell^fuent, circumfluent, interfluent, &c« In vomous, as iguifiomofts,^mmivomousf 6ic* lo parous, as viviparous, oviparousrddparcus, &c. . In rras theogony, coimogonyphexagony, S^c^ In ^i&o/trjf, as symphony, cacophony, colophony 9 9lc, In mtff^j^, as theomachy, logomachy, sciamachy. Sic. « Id R«m^, as eeconomyy astronomy, Deuteronosnyj Scc* In /^mjFy as anatomy, lithotomy, arteriotomy, &c. In /ro^, as metoposcopy, deuteroscopy, a€roscopy% &c. ^ In pathy, as apathy, antipathy ^idiopathy, dec. In mathf,zs opsimathy, polymathy, &c. &c. &c. 519. Some of thefe Greek compounds feem to refufe die antepennltimate^ accent, for the lame reafon as orthodoxy ; fuch as necromancy, ehirmcmcy, hydro- mancy; and thofe terminating in qrchy, as. hierarchy^ oligarchy, patriarchy ; alV of which have the accent on. the 6rft (y liable, which gives the organs lime to recover their force upon the thirds and. to pronounce the two conumants with much moreeafe than if the accent. immediately preceded them ; but /fri/i&rdifV zndantiphrasis^. beddes their claim to the accent of their originals,. readilf admit of the accent on the fecond fyllable» becaufe the confonants in the two laft fyllables do not come together, and are therefore eafily pronounced after the accent. Words of more than two fyllables ending mogue, zspecU^ogue, dialogue, &c. have the accent on the antepenultimate. Orthoepy having no confonant in. the antepenultimate fyllable, naturally throws its accent on the firil. See MoNOMACHY. 5^20, By this view of the enclitical tersiinationi. we may eafily perceive how readily our language falls into the antepenultimate accent in theft compound* ed polyfyllables ; and that thofe terminations which feem to refufe this accent, do it rathex' froip a regard to etymology than analogy : thu& words ending in asis, zs periphrasis, apophasss, hypostasis, antiptristasis, &c. have the antepenul- timate accent o£ their originals. The fame may be obferved< of thofe ending in ^/i/9 as hypothesis,, antithesis, parenthesis, &c. ; hxkX, exegesis, mathesis, auxesis^ catachresis, paracentesis^ aposiopesis^ hav^ the accent on the penultimate fyllable, beeaufe the vowel in this fyUable is long in Greek and Latin. But all word« ending in osis have the accent on the penultimate, except metntmrphosit and apotheosis, which defert the accent of their Latin originals, while thofe tnysis are accented regularly on the antepenultimate in. Greek, Latin, and Englifh, as analyeis, paralyse, 3cc. We may note too,, that every / in all thefe termi- nations is (harp and hiffine« See theWosds Exostosis and Apotheosis* 531. Words of three fyUables ending in ator have the accent on the penul- timate, as ipeftaior^ collator, delator, Slc. except orator, senator, legator, and hasYator, But words in this terminattonof more than three iyllables, thoueh- they have generally the accent on the penultimate, are fubjed to a diverdty not eafily reduced to the rule; thus ttavigaiorf fropagatort dtdkator,3cc. are famtdoKs SECONDARY ACCENT. ctv W tefdmes ptononiiced 'with tht acceni on' the firft fjllaMf, tifjd frf-nfftrne* on ik Unrd ; Uot i&t theft worils may be pronoiiticrd wjtli < JJrAiUcs^ it is of klTi €oiUeqyeiK:e ofi whicli Jj llih!^ \vr | i« ccirre[po«u(ling to diem tn ottr own languagt. il is very &,itural to prefervc the jtcccnt of tlie Ttrb in ibefe wurds, ax it gives tn emphafu to the moH fign^^i inc part of them: thu% f--'^^''T^ frcxsamat^rt drJkamr^ might be rcgttli'' *"-Tiecl I ftom the rexl: .** tfl#, to ^revarkdit, anil to dfdkat^ ; aoJ* ,' to aaaloTjt wouia fiiVL- tKcn ^rritlen rfuiv^aterf prrt'arUnttrf *ind droii tt whkh hastlie principiil accenit m order to pro-* ihe word snore dliHn^ly, forcfhtyi and harmoniouilj*. Tli be placed on the firft fy liable of cQnvtnatkn^ c^mm^nJa' P5. Tbere axe few authors who have not taken notice of two accents upon fomeof tb« long«7 polyfylJahlciif but none have once hinted that one of thefe is Dot cfirniiar to the found of the word: ihcy feem to have fuppofed both aectom r^uAify necefrarjt and wkhoyf any other difference than that one was ''^'^ — ' -^'-^ •'-dhlf than the oUier. llib miftake arofe from a want .^ voicCp a knowledge of this would have told theiUi vjxAi ..Tjc ^r*!sc o: ifential to e%'cry word of more than one fyllabk, aod th«C t^ licor H migbtf or might fiot» be adopted, as dlftindnefsi fnr^Ct ur hirBiiioy IciOLiid ^^quitt i ihnB tompimtanft €omrahandfCafm?an; and -TttSvt fanh^TO^ srttj^K^ c^fttiauf mffiaphytick^ have frequently an accent on tijc 6r&. si^dl ai on the third lyllable, ihiugh a fomewhai lefs forcible one. The f^m* Tnay hr ohfo^cd of rrpartre, reftra^ prlvaiier^ domineer ^ 5cc. ; but U that though an accent be allowable on the firft fyl- : 11 by no Bieans neceifary \ they may all be pronounced 'k^sh cut 4cceat| ami tbat 00 the kil fylUble, without the kaH deviation &om •\ order m gi^e fnme idea of the naitjre of the fccondary accent, Set fpJitt thatt itt gi^rog otir opinion of an aftfOaomtcal argument, we fay. cxvi SECONDARY ACCENT. . « It 18 a direA demooaration of the Copanican fyftci^i." In this fentencc,' as an accent is necc£irily upon the laft fyHable oti direQ^ Ti'fc fcldom lay a llrefs on the firft ffllaibie of demomtrai'i9nt unlids we mean'to be. uncommonly cmphatical ; but in the following feiitehcc, ** It is a d^onftrittmi oF the Copcmican fyftcm." Here, as no accented word precede^ ^emonstrathn^ the voice Bnds s^ rcft» and the ear a force, iu placing an accent on the firft, as w^Jl a$ on ih» third fyl- lable. / . ^i6» But though we may, or may not, ufe the fecondary accent at pkafurc, it i^ by no means a mattei of indifference on what fylliibltf we place jt x this is fixed with as much certainty as th? plac« of the principal accent xtMti and a wrong pofi- ion of one, would j^s much derange ,tlK found of tlie word, as a wrong polition of the other: and it mufl bo, carrfuUy noted, that though we lay no ftrefs upon the fyllable which may have the fecondary accept, the confonants and vo.veL have exadly tlie fauie fouadas if the doubtful fyllable (as it may be called) wer^ accented, Thus, thou)«cb I lay no ftreis upon tlie fccond fyllable of neoaiatioft^ fronuncutthftt ecckstasHc^ 3cc. the ^ and * go into the found of sh and aA, as if the fecondary accent were on the preceding fyl- Ik'^le (55.7) (« 0(459)- • ." 527. It may be cbferved, in the firfl place, that the fecondary accent is always two fyUables, at leaft, diftant from the principal accent : thus in de* monstration^ lamentation^ frwocatioHi &c. the Secondary accent is on the Erft fyllable, and the principal on ^e third; and in art^lototny^ mtteordogy^ and hypochondriacal the fecondary accent is -on the nr(l, and the principal on the fourth fyllable; and in the word iudivisihiUfy wc may place two fecondary ac« cents, one upon the firil, and the other on die third. 528. In the next place it may be obierved, that th^ugl;i ilie fyllable on which the principal accent is placed, is Exsdand certaiut yet we maytand do freq^uentl/ make the fecondary principal, and ^he principal ^condary i thus caravan 9 complaisatit^ vtoiiny repartee^ referee^ privaieeK* dvmimer^ cctir^t%att9 ar- iizan^ charlatan 9 may all have the greate(l ftreii» ou the firft, s^id die leaft on the lad fyllable, without any violent offence to the ear : nay, it iruy be a&rt- ed. that the prixicipal accent on tlie tir(l fyllable of thefe words, and none at all on the la(l» though certainly improper^ has noth'uig in it grating or dif- cord mt ; but placing an accent on the fecond fylUble of thitrfe worc& would entirely derange them, and produce ao intolerable hariiinefs and diffonance. Tlie fame obfervations may be applied to d part of pronnnciation, it will not be neceffary to enter into the nature otthat quantity which conOitutes poetry ; the quantity here confidered will be thatwhich relates to words take&iuigly ^ md this is nothing more tbe Uii^lh or liiortftcf* of the viwkIa, eitSKr j. 1 il9t>et or h vtrv irs' jt: * I vtnvcl, except the j ' b(U tt .* wnd Ui.it t ij- ons if and /Wf aii^ il .11 |50mUttg out. tkrc wc tin J rv 1- ruk> for lire iictrtnt Hnd qtj.if-rit _, u tins. In oihzr jtm^i of iht " whctr cni^ m flill djfcovcf gentrnl rult:* i .imu mcfe att bwl qtiuntttf ff Uic vowel under the principal -icctitt ' ve but a common *Ji»irc of edutntmn, and arc M(i oi the c:ipTt.>i* JTC Cridcim at a k»K far tha ■ he degrs d^Htvitde f*-#Vf-fi*ff, and di'*m^-crm-i<4il i whiJcDr, Kcnrn Lai miko^iiM . between the tirll » m pr^fdrtanm and ^r^ifjuf. fit*yit* m and ^rcrd^irrt tliou\»h he diftingu*Oic» thif letter ;itid that 'mpf^*rfft9m anvj though Mr. 8KcriJ.«il )t* TV L [i dt pr c jKJiiiroti s ■ ' 4 ly itipcri&r to ' ni» Uic tendency < ; , e* ifOKp«r«iik prcpmiuoiiVi wc (hall hnJi that t^i iiT>ct wnrdl -Sifi^urwhalc liora oiLcr LmgUiigcs, wc confide j ^ ^^^* -^'^^ P^**' Dill any refpccl to ihtir comfrt>oeiit p*iT!i 1 ^ nt ihwic tcm- , ftitnfi o Uriel V€t retain the traces fii thai Inrmaiion, in the dit u c)bi«nfabk beiucen the prcpofiiive and radical put to ^\t '^^-'/ ^ " '--4'^fl, ftttf^itB, and n//-o//-rtf.t'^, c* niing ctisrr* ught, wheiiihc aiccni 11 on the prvpotiimn, a ^3iiue It to tht root, as in rff~ur^rfc*fkn* re^-Qi U€ thu^ - ' rtk; but when iJje cnjnputind departs €rcf ■ri a: i rnpkspthi: lame departure h oh icrvaHcta , ivcflor iJk di&ereiit iylUbication and praniiucvaifrjn of r* ^^M' -m^I i :hc Jcrruer figjiiRci a icpctitloi^ of a coniinct3c^iDeii% but i^^& *kvffi (^ANTITY. biut die Utter does not imply a repetition of a commendation : thus re-peiitaft would fignify to petition again ; while rep-Hstlon fignifies only an iteration of the £m!iea£t,be it what ic will. The fame may be obferved of the words re* 4ragte and rec-rtate^ re-formation and ref-ormaiion, 532 lliat this is perfe^ly ajAeeable to the nature of the laM^agty appears, from the fliort pronunciation of the vowel in the Hf ft fyllable otfrefaccy prelate^ freludti proUgue^ Ac. as if divided into pref-aie^ prd-ate% prel-ude^ prd-ogue^ &c. Itismi^ch to be regretted, however, that this (hort found of the penultimate Towel has fo mudi obtained in our language, which abounds too much in theft fennds $ nor can etymology be always pleaded for this pronunciation; for ia Che foregoing words^ the tirft vowel is long in the Latin pr^faihypr^laitUypr^U' Hurny though fbort aa/>ro%8/ : for though in words from the Greek the prepo- fidon «rf 0 wa^ fliort, in Latin it was generally long : and why we (hould ihorten it in progtefs^ prtj^s 8cc, where it is long in Latin» can only be accounted for by the fnperticial application of a general rule, to the prejudice of the found of oar language. .(543 .. 533- tt will be neceflary, however, to obferve^ that m forming a judgement of the propriety of thefe obfcrvations, the hiceft care rauft be taken rHW to con- found xhdc prepofitions which are under the primary and fecondsay accentf ^nith.thofe which inmiediately precede the ftrefs ; for preclude, preienJ, Sec, are under a very difierent peedicament from prologue, prepofthon^ &c.? and the ^crf ftmc law that obliges us to pronounce the vowel feort in the firft fyfiable oJF frow-Jencst proV'O-catioM^ and prof-a-nrnfion, obliges us to pi^nmnnce the V>\vel open* and with fome degree o^ length tnpro-vuiey pro^oie, iittd pro* feme. The fiune may be observed of the.r in re-pair and rtp^a-ratum^ rrply^zvkd rep li- wheretbefirftain the firft word, and the 0 in the ^omwrrrr A! XAWCATIC tmm , arc fiioit. The Rift :ir, tjt A5.j:ftriVi-i. likm Ci5ym eft in neniiqusm^ Wctt iiicipvat di; i- *^. " Z>f words whtcb lave the ;ictJic accent tin the an* -r--— ometim^ thitt lylbhlc il^JriCTUfd, if it w;y on\j li^sgb^ ^^ Afui^prr^eiimj Piimphiita^ ai^d a few others wiitdi by tbttBiofeJ to have ; and which, if ttiey nave, nialees c fiy^cofk of word ^ ^ bl es unne c c Iti ry , Chi 1 dr e n* th ere fo re, m ii y be ^pc ' .r-..,*! r^ . »? , ^1 f^i(J alKivcmentiontd, as, in many tafcs, it will Ht V the word, a** in ptn-vi-dedr and in others, it v^ ill ^ki^Dic inciD CO giv.: 4 g's'.'ti gnef^ at it^. as in d^-ii-catc ; ai^d this is all th^t can Hk tfl^tfbdt for when wc ^re to form an unknown compound toiind, out of ^ ' ' ' : (which it the cile with chtldrcji, wheo wc wifh . a word by fpeUing it ;) ihih I fay, is tlic onljr m L Tc till cal dirilion of words h a^ di^rcnt operation : it ts ! with the whole word, and who willies to _ lige of its con ilituent parts f n% Grth^gr^phf^ t^rn^ frnit\nrr^ a pcrfon, who is pre*acqiiainted with the whole id wants to convey the round of each part to one upimi. UK tde it into fucb partial founds as, when put toge* -\y form the whole a* PMhog^ru-pl^y^ ih-pi-Q-g^^ &c. This is the ^^^ it^x -SYLLABICATION. the nietl^od adopted by thofe who would convey the whole found, by giving diftinftly every part ; and, when tliis is the obje has been fhownthe propriety of uniting the confonant fo the vowel in the ^t^ fy liable of /iaji^rifiraihn^ lanuntcdUn^ profagaihfif &c. we thus decide upon the quantity of thdfe vowels, which are fo uncertain in our bed di^ionanes ; and may we not hope by a fimilar indudion» and with the Brft principles of langUiige in view, to decide the trnCf genuine, and ana- logical found of fome words of another kind which waver between different pronunciations ? The antepenultimate accent has unqaeftionably a (horcening power; and I have not the fmalle(l doubt that the penultimate accent has a lenghthening power : that is, if our own words, and words borrowed from other languages of two fyllables, with but one confonant in the middle^ has been leit to the general ear, the accent on the fird fyllable would have infal- libly lengthened the firft vowel. A ftrong prefumption of this arifes from our pronunciation of all Latin diflyllables in this m.mner, without any regard to the quantity of the original, (fee Drama,) and the ancient pdidticc ofi doubling the confonant when preceded by a fingle vowel in the participial ter- | roinations, as to beg$n% beginnings to regret^ rcgrettsd : and I believe it may be confidently affirmed* that words of two fyllables from the Latin* with but one confonant in the middle, would always have had the fird vowel long, if a pedantic imitation of Latin quantity had not prevented it (fee DaAMA)^ Let an Englifhman, with only an Englifh education, be put to pronounct xepbyr^ and he will, without hefitation, pronounce tlie e long, as in vcxnith , if you tell him the c is pronounced fliort in the Latin zephyr us ^ which make it fiiort in Englifh, and he {hauld happen to aHc you the Latin quantity of thi firft fyllable of coimc^ mimiCf folace^ &c. your anfwer would be a contradl rigol, token, pony. dder. crony. vafer. megnm, tory, «igcr> besom. miy. DifiyDaUes with but one confonant in the middle. pronounced fliort : borough. drSfvel, flagon. seraph, laiOi, swivel, h5vel. ^ wagon, taioo. Uemifh, grovel. t^non. bSnift, shovel. h&on. • damafic. drSzel, baron. froliclc. manage. sirup. medal. bdrage, lecher. sbekel. visage. wether, amd, dusel. ravage, savage. gather, ' nitho^. ^»d. rtvage. lather. epboi. travise. ncdier. hSzard, traverse, hither. %ard, refuse. wlcher. dXzard, frfete, shIriiF, thither. fizard. ncner. ¥izard. travail. other. wizard. peril. m&her, bodice. venom. smother. bSQance, woman. pother, iJQance, riven. siker. dSbu^e, sloven. clever. homage. oven. never. f^» sSUin, quiver. baivihg the firft fyllable sophi, kali, rebeck, copal, gabel, gravy, iry, hazy, nizy, clover, sizer, nadir, tabour, wages, bolis, tophet, egret, rolant, pilot, borax. genet, clSrec, closet, civet, trifvet, rivet, c5vet, fagot, bigot, spigot;, 4?lTOtt de«Mrt, covert, copifl:, p^ofl, ^mot, shadow, widow^ i8ney, comely, mSoj, cony, bfiry, busy. sVtLABICA riON. cu«U I 1citJ« md. ifVlllf sfkim^ eortm hijvcTi v^kCi pity. l^tnmAi FfOB ' virc fc< a great majority of v -f oiir Siton Unguage wai lo iIjc kng jt^ nft c vowcK But as Mr. N« res very judkluui])^ ob- .ktly general to be admiued, and k undoubiedlf . .*. ...v o.*..^.^ ^, Hirpronundaiion :**for wbickhc <|notcs I)r* Wallitp , ** Hwc irt- fcrre, tl n ^jTcfcnc ■ V rie Bro^d Ibundi of vowels change lo djc lIcnd^T,* •lie di^Eicv&i cfsttib; .le eaner« and the long vowcli id ilicjrt otic** Thi^ It b u&ftg^afcdi ^lu t< ioui^d tRis /or cftt iUe cif ^ainmg lime. This is apparent in ihc ahbieTtation of fii&^ef wlien cd*i«;>fitini!f il, as in hmwUdge^Jhe^btrd^ &c. (518)* but a* it is ifcebiifiodi ai^n * and regulate the eci;cntridue& af nature and lie ■Kcc&s «f culkooi^ *i u.,.i.id be the care cf every phttofophic gramoiarian to ce^liH eps nfiQD tiie origiiial genius and gcneial fcope of hts language, and toloffcTCdibm 10 depoii as litdc from them as poflible. Em although no tOconfi^QiCT Of want oi' anwlogy can alter any pronunciation which is once mkaxm^tdgtd itoA fetiled, yet when a pronunciation is w^vcnng:, confiflcncy, *Mi*yf «Jid general principles^ ought to decide againll a gicai majority ot wmt BdKion and caprice. Tl-Tn *»trre I endeavoured to gtre a diflin^ view of the ccrrefpondenee be- nd quantity of the learned l;mguagcs and our own j iind 10 • ^lifhman (whotas Ben Jonfmnfays of Shakcfpcarc, hai Iktk teiiOi«^k,) fruinthe fupcrctlioui *;riUi:iimof thofc Crcekiings and -rt «r>.r. are olien icmarkably ignorant of tlieir own language, and ie open its accent and qu;mtity, becaufc they have a fmat^ J Latin. If the queftion iuni5 upon the accent of an Eng* I word il \% derived from \% im mediately producedp and fen^ npeal; and yet if the EngHihman were to ailt the rule . founded, the fchoUr would, in all probability, he at a ^-^ ■ T ) -^i ^^ :i word, he might tviy, the fame accent as ■I »-'i^ .: \' • Ml i, ;( i ,].;ivcd? This the fchoUr could not anfwcr IS ^K *^f agrmrtaT : : l rccolkaiim woulJ tell him that parftmrnn^ mr'm^^ ^H *^ CBBof he I ;ui cr the Latin ^arftmoma^ acrirmma, &c as the LaiJn is ^^ketrcr AceeotadlughcT than the antepenuhimaie. I'ut perhaps the EnghOi word I^Bii adopfted «We irom the Latm. Here is undoubtedly a fair pretence for pro- ^^^ovneh^tT'viiitte Latin accent i and yet wc fee how many eicceptions there ^ ^ Aik>fBit pro ribp AlMtfUA ^i ut conjm Imo iV^f & Stn^vx prohttini Sc Ccripnun liL ^^i^fmf§^ka^bi BnffeEt. : Re^ Fronun. LiD^js Or^cx Cwnincntaiiui* tmvUchihii i cxxviii QUANTITY OF THE UNACCENTED VOWELS. are to this rule (fee No. 50J, L) Or, perhaps, the Englifh word, thoQgh an- glicifed, retains the iame number of fyllables. This, indeed, may be faid to be ^general rule for preferving the Latin accent, but fo general as to be negleded in a tboufand inftances (fee No. 503,/;^, b^ it k.) But if the fcholar, as is often the cafe, huddles quantity and accent together^ and infers the Englifh quantity from the Latin ; the Englifli fcholar needs only to refer him to the (c- Ifi^ions here given, (No. 544) (545), to (how the inanity of fuch a plea. Upon the whole, tlierefore, I flatter myfelf that men of learning will be gratifi- ed to fee the fubjeft in a clearer point of view than any in which it has ever been exhibited ; and the plain English fcholar will be indebted to me for giving him as clear and dtdin^ an idea of die connexion between the Greek and Latin ac* cent and quantity, and the accent and quantity of his natire tongue, as if he had H6mer and Horace by heart ; and for placing him out of the reach of thoie pert minor critics, who arc conftantly infulting him with their knowledge of the dead languages. Of the Quantity of the Unaccented Vowels not in the same Syllable vnth ConsMonts: 547. Accented fyllables, a» we have before obferred, (1799) ^xt (6 ftrongly marked as to be eafily comprehended when they are once fettled by cuftoiu or analogy $ but thak iiomediately before or after the accent are in a ftate of uncertainty, which fome ofour beft judges find them- fclves unable to remove. Some grammarians have called all the open vowels before or after the accent fhort, though the ear fo evidently didates the contrary in the • in ytWfy^ the • in oBcdi- tncty &c. S6me have faved themfelves the trouble of farther fearch by comprehending thefe vowels under the epithet obfcure ; nay, fo unfixed do the founds of thefe voweb ieem, that Dr. Kenrick, whofe Rhetorical Di^ottary (hows he was pofleifed of very great philological abilities, feems as much at a lofs about them as the meaneft grammarian in the kingdom ; for when he comes to mark the found of the vowel 0 In the firft fy liable of a feriesof words with the accent on the fecond, he makes the 0 in fromulgty propel^ and /re/r'x, loi^g, as they ought to be ; and the fame letter in probofcUt procetd, and procedure^ ihort. bominhn^ domifiicy iuiatimf and domain arc marked at if pronounced dom-inion, dom^it, doH-atioM, and dom-am^ with the « Ihort ; while the iirft of doiiiitj^ potential^ and monotony^ have the o marked long, as in donor, ptSeutt 9Xid medijti though it is ceruin to a demonftration, that the etymology, accent, and letters, being the lame, the fame found mufl be produced, unlefb where cuftom has precifely marked a di£ference ; and that the firft fyllables oi promulggf prtpei, and/ro/itx, and chofe of promts, proceed, zndproctibtre, have no fuch diiference, feems too evident to need proof. ' 548. I know it may be demanded with great plaufibility, how do I know that there is not this very inconfiftency in cuftom itfelf ? What right have I to fijppofe that cuftma is not as vagne and capricious in thefe fyllables as in thofe under the accent r To which lanfwer : if cuftom has determined the found of thefe vowels, the difpote is at an end. I implidty acqul- efce in the decifton ; but if profefTors of the art difagree in their opinions, it is a (hrewd ngn that cuftom is not altogether fo clear in its fentence ; and I muft infift on recurrii^ to prind> pie* till cuftom has unequivocally decided. ' 549. Every vowel that is neither fliortened by the accent, nor fucceeded by a double coofo- nant, naturally terminates a fyllable ; and this terminating vowel, though not fo pn^ierfty long as if the accent were on it, would be very improperly termed fliort, if by fhort, as is often the cafe, be meant ihut 6s)» According to this idea of fyllabication, it is prefumed that the word opinion would fall into three diftin<5l parts, and every part be terminated by a confonaat bat the hrft, thus wpin'ion, * I am aware that this ingenious writer feems to avoid this inconfiftency, by pronifing, in his Rhetorical Grammar, page 43, that he has fometimes marked the 0 in wotds b^rioniug with a prepofition with the oratorial, and fometimes with the colloquial pronunciation : thus, in commune, commnnieate, &c. the oratorial found ia given as in the firft fyllable of commm, while the colloquial f^und changes the 0 into v, as if the words were written cummMne,atmmmKicaU,iiLc.'. but the diftindion in thefe examples does not touch the point : here there is a change only of one fltort found for another, and not any promifcuous ufe of a long and ihort, or open and fhut found of the liune letter. Dr. Kenrick himfelf, when he marks the e mprobofcie, froceed, and procedure, does not adopt the fiiort u, as he does in commune, communicate, &c. ; nor isAe aware of the e0ential difference with' refped to the quantity of the TOwel> in the doable coolbaant in one fet of words, and the fingle one 10 the other* )T UNITED \Nr6, Cllll f k taaf he dcmafukU* wtiM nsJii E 11} th^ ^3 — — - '^ — *^ '- i I tjMt tn^ til* «> ftftlil b« rvcfft cftf!'T V''»'*vc* ][»f*>- « f # |»r«]iniaRCC(il ■• in ih^i word ii/Nr« anid not 'he rowel iti f.Hi^jJj.kiVr !]iri)U,'liiul[ t1i- !j(lL':jJjje» al leuynttttm, Jkt* *Vhe «, thf- ho i.b; Ihta fiiaif , -. '."^ t^e ■J Iltut Unn jiti* v^e UiJt ad itJf lim wcml \vuul4 iicM, bcr luiUy priJtJiuyjHctl ^, 5» if ffividrH intfi i4fjtv'it*l^fiit'^t thu It ti> the i >n- -' ' - - -ijt- ^loni tiar rhc vuweb ouio) Eht: iitci* ought ta in: fcepl fipoi ^^ be trrp; open 10 the fume OttiaTioi> iti th« word ijf«^'«fi«^ .vv,r>i;it elit iMM. .-^ >* j.i.i.v ^ iM Liv. ^...,,...i,..f.t without ofiendtfig every Ltffnio^ the fiHl prtliCipki of pronunciAtLots* .'1 etjrifnlef td the uTJiftrfjted vowel r, whethcf ending a fylU- Ankuuinv. ,1* fiandifhf for ttic fame fifutid ; f«T we fee nilti ' inother : thut he divide* the word 4L . I L , a nd tf ny^^tr-iii jf Wi ih the fam e < unit - iy ukc* pb<;t; ill the wordsrf^^if t4i/l.ify and in-di-^t-l- 'vqrd^ of thti towin^tion rcguhrljf in die fonnttf mm- cixi QUANTITY OF THE UNACCENTED VOWELS SS^. The only confidcrabic eipceptioB to this general rule of fyllabication which dctcrtnuje«» the found of the unaccented voweli, is when e fucceeds the accent, and b followed by r, as m Uieral^ j^eneral^ miscryy &LC. which can |» ever be pronounced iit-r-raif gem-e-raJt misery, &c. without the appearance of a/Tedation. tn this fituation we find the r corrupts the found of the fy as it does that of every other vowel when in a final unaccented fyUable. For diis con- fonant being nothing more than a jar, it unavoidably mixes with the e in this fituation, and reduces it to the obfcure found of fliort m, (418,) a found to which the other unaccented voweU before r have fometimes fo evident a tendency. 554. An obfcure idea of the principles of fyllabication juft laid down, and the contrtdldtion to them perceived in this exception, has made moft of our orthoepifts extremely wavering and uncertain in their divifion of words into fyllables, when the unaccented e has preceded r, w here we not only find them differing from each other, but fometimes even from thcmfelvcs : Sheridan. Kenrick. mix'urubl. mix-zur jp. m/t er-yy sur-i/xbur.y. turge.ryy sor^tr-yy ser-ce-ryy rob-bur-yy forejer.yy fcr-gcryy slave-^r-yy tlawryy na^uryy ina^f-ry. hra-xnrryy cooi-er.yj roek'ur-yy rooher^y im-midzh'ryy tm-ager-yy fiufiumur-yy fium-mtr^y mum-muryy mum mer^y mur-dtr-ury mur-dur-uty gutiHur^y gun-ncr^yy danjt^ruiy dan-ger'OUSy Whsif'tr-usy V0'cif-e.rous y som-iuffer-usy s^mmfe-rousy mirmtr-rysy ^me^rousy iii-tiU''tnur.uty frojfer-vjy tti-tur-ebly yn itiMr-fbly • Scott. Perry. mii-fra-hly mit trut'ble^ mist ryy mtre-ryt iur-gc ryy surge^ryy sorwryy aor-ee-ryy reb-ber-yy rob-be-ryy for-ge-ryy firg-e-ryy tkfve-ryy sia-ve-ryy kna-ve-m imav^ry. bro've-ryy brav-fryy coob-e-ry. C90k-€^y roob-e-ry. roU-fryy im-a-ger^. tw^ge-ryy fium-ma^ryy Jium^er^y mmm-mt-ryy mum-me-ryy muT-der-try mur^er-er. murJer-QUiy mufder-nuy Ji-neryy Jin, ryy gitn-Kcryy gunne-ry^ dan-ger-eaty dan-gerjomty ve ci/er-cusy ^fo-xif'e.rmtSy tom-nif'trjouty semMf^.raUy nu-me-rouiy nu-me-reusy prM'per.mUy un-pros-per*oitSy uthprt-pertmt^ vt'tera-bUy ut4er.a^y um-uttefa-blef uojtUer^Me. SSIf. I have been the more copious in my collc^ion of thefe varieties, that I might not ap. pear to have taken the advantage of any overfight or miftake of the prefs : not is it any wonder when the principles of fyllabication fo Arongly incline us to leave the vowel e, like the other vowels, open before a fingle confonant ; and the ear fo decidedly tells us, that this letter is not always open when preceded by the accent, and followed by r, it is no wonder, I fay, that a writer fhould be perplexed, and that he fliould fometimes incline to one fide, and fometimes to the other. I am confcious I have not always been free from this inconfiftency myfelf. The examples therefore which I have feleded, will, I hope, fully juftify me in the fyllabication I have adopted; which is, that of fometimes feparating the e from the r in this fituatioo, and fometimes not. When folemn and deliberate fpeaking has feemed to admit of lengthening the ty I have fometimes made it end the fyllahle ; when this was not the cafe, I have fometimes jouied it to the r : thus, as « in the penultimate fyllable of incarurate^ reverberatty &c ieems, in folemn fpeaking, to admit of a final! degree of length and diftindnefs, it ends a fyllable ; but as no folemnity of pronunciation feems to admit of the fame length and opennefs of the r in toUraUy dcliberaUy &c. it is united with r, and fonnded in the noution by ihort ■• It onght, however, to be carefully obferved, that though the « in this fituation is fometimea feparated from the r, there is no fpeaking, however deliberate and folemn, that will not admit of uniting it to r, and pronouncing it like ihort », without offending the niceft and moft critical ear. SS6. It muft alfo be noted, that this alteration of the found of e before r is only when ic fellows the accent, either primary or fecondary, (522) (530 ;) for wl^cn it it in the fidit fylia- i.^j^fcT 4 *.r^*r» ■T ftdil'-r-^, ThA' ruo much iime h..i^- - -n» iii,s/' !^^rui. Ives, are fmittd lu '- ^t mmiccjeiitfd, tnil Lkat th':R lyiLiuiet ^tion 4?f ottivrq (Utiijlli: whrfi w< 1 ^1^ * j.-^- Lj , ^L". jj t Ibuiidi at poflihlc, !*» which wc iii»| wc Chall titit lv«k ttpoti ail attempt t9 itrrcll oijd in* J.59- ^ TABLE of the SIMPLE ohJ DIPffTHONG'fL BOWELS referred to by the Figures over the Letters in this Diaionary, ENGLISH SOUN DS. FRENCH SOUNDS. 1 . d. The long flendcr Englifli Of as in flte, pi-pcr,7 ^ .^ ^^^ ^ 2. i. The long Italian a, hs in fflr, ft-ther, pa-pi, 1 ^ j^ .^^^ ^^^^^ mara-mi, (77) J y » • 3. k. The broad German «, as in fill, will, wi-ter, (83) d in 4//, Chdions. 4. d. The fhort found of the Italian a, as in Rt, mit, 1 ^ ^^ /a/ mfl/Z/i. mdr-ry, {81) ' 3 J , ^. TOe long tf, as in m^, h^re, md-tr?, mfe-dium, (93) i in J!»//r^» ^i/r^. 2. ^. The fhort ^, as in m^t, Wt, g^t, (95) e in wf/Z^, «f//^v I . I. The long diphthongal /, as in pine, tUtle, (105) di in Idique^ naif ?. 1. The fliort fimple /, as in pin, tlt-tle, (107) i in inn^t ^i^f^- 1. 6. The long c^n^, as in n6, note, no-tice, (162) 0 \Tiglohe% Me. 2. d. The long clofe 0, as in m6ve, pr6ve, (164.) ou in mouvoir, foavoir. 4. 6. The fliort broad 0, as in n5t, hot, g6t, (163) « in i»//r, c#/i!A 1. 6. Tlie long diphthongal tf, as in tihbe, cu-pid, (171) ww in Cioutat^ chiourme, 2. i^. The (hort fimple u, as in tiib, ci^p, sdp, (172) /*» in »fii/i ^oeuf 3. fi. The middle or oblufe tf, as in bull, fiul, piilL (173) ou in bouhtfouley poule^ 61. The long broad 6, and the fliort 1, as in 611, (299) o'i in eyctoide^ heroique. 6i\, The lonjr broad 6, and the middle obtufe 6, as ] ^ •« ^ >, mth6f.p6ftnd,(3i3) | '•"^ «« ''»^''- TA. The acute or Iharp tb^ as in tb\vk^ th'iw (466). Th. The grave or flat th, as in this, Tnat(4i) (50) (469)* 560. When G is printed in the Roman charafter, it has its hard found in ^^/, gone^ &c. as go, give, ^t^^e^ &c. ; when it has its foft found, it is fpclbd in the notation by the confonant 7, as giants finger ^ ji^nt^Jin-jer, The fame may be obferved of ^ .* the Roman chara^er denotes its hard found in sstiftun, &c. as fo, fit, fenfe, 5cc. ; its foft found is fpelled by &, as rose^ raisef &c. roze, raze. Sec, ADVERTISEMENT. In the courfe of a critical inveftigation of the powers of the letters in the forqroiag Princi- ples, there is fcarcely a word of any difficulty or diveriity of found which has not been notic- ed, and the true pronunciation, with the reafonn and authorities for it, pointed oat ; fo that ii the infpedor fliould not meet with fufficient information in the Didionary under the word, let him confult the Principles under the twtoW, dipbtbongy or eonfvMMt^ he wifhesto be explained, and it is highly probable he will meet with the fatisfadion he requires. Thus to know fonic- thing more concerning the^ in the word impugn, which fome fpeakers pronounce and ot)icr» fupprefs, let him look into the Principles under the letter G, No- 386, and he will find addt- tional obfervations to thofe in the DiSionary under the word. It is true that moft of thcfr doubtful, as well as other words, are referred to the Principles; but if this reference itkould b> chance be omitted, it is h<»>ed that this Advertifement will fu|^ly the deficiency. N. B. ^ word not found in the Dt^ioaary, may poiTibly be met with in the Appeadix. A CRITICAL PRONOL^'CING DICTIONARY KNULISH LANGUAGE. [71 Hfrrt^ the v(mrh m (ht irer^* nt thr r^ tftHfiegt t ^ r> i^ tAd »«i^ in iht u/i/ioitili /Mi^t\ {n9) -skill t 611,: |>Ai*itiJ ; l/jin> TKif* .f d.t ' Bfti: ^^wt), it ?i ■ 'mn* . ii» brfof r -y ^jf our the ■ ■ * tn the {UiiU rtjckavimr la *jl>v(iaie a. <\ ' fftiimntly inie* wlic» it » [irii tbc HtiTptjtJufc ^ Of, tji other l*w*>r.Jiit Et> m- quiiri? wliat ii »f>r trtif n?"tt*r nf tlrr firfl let* tcr tir ihc Eii^ -r wt lire to fay ii Tf , '- ^t ^* A;n! fi f ft ^ tl w ili it.' 1 • > t ". 1 1 ,. r y n » r o r ] k kr thtf tiaturc ijf a vnwrl ; which grMnmarTatu arc gt-n— ^^-' '-'td in flefiniuji; ti> be *' a firn- •* P fnwn tU for tiled by the Sn « r. . by thr opening only ui 1 ** mouth fli a pauinjLt jna"t»f?r." Now, 33 tverf vnwel fey hkU 11 founded Img, m r>othiti^ btit itijiiuAt It'll with icotitbiianicaii mate It fit hrf wife, it h naluul, when pfo- UfiUlicing this vywcl klnnf, tv ■ . ' ■>: hifilir of'tii found i hut 3i this lonj: i iff]. ' ", ^ --'--- --^ lit, ' ' n, , Id' ' rhcs .Tii pi- ll K*- Kacb p^fty prD(Jt]c<'«%nrd»wht;rcthr k-tter ii i-^ rniindrd iti the fnaoncr they ttmittid for; Init vJveik Vk-t Jeniniid why oi%e fliould hnvc I j I .: , t h c * on trovf rf y U com w nnl y at . furthet fcafon* are «a 1 1 iiombtiiKllbitiidof r^kt if.6, a(th< mwnercpus TV^ m kU ■:nient* tijtiOlU. ■-t [- H3%W7:) \G iritis bug^iL in t . - ^•. -^ «»=3:ixj^ li^iii ; lilt: u |r|»ciiiMA Digmbct nf ii Ai&AitDotci[},d-Mn^d4\ihJ. pitr. (^^l), ; fof fftkctt ; crffrttjiietf in Ihc A 1 1 ,v s I j > s s% z.st\ ;1 - LWd k't n- m^ t . % . /^ui KTi L t' L AT i<*N, ub-lr-fik*t'i4ii'rtiftxi* ft, {%9o)- That fi^cict of jrticuI'iticMi ihic I'o Aba?*i, i-kllc', V, a» To VJd\ dtjwiif Ut dcprcf-, * ' I". „ , 1-,^^ -' 'i fl A a F M I K T, ii ■ r , H, 'THc ftiitr i*f being bitJMj^r.t iMi, ■ 4!rpr&JIWt. To AttAiHt a^biHh'. v. j. lo malse To AtiTi, u-l>iitc'. V, a. (545*1 To To An ATI:, d-b4tc*- v. n* To grow AftATBMEKT, l*bAtc'mint. ** Tlic a^ A w A T f h , iVbd'nl r , * * ( 9S ) » The agcirt or t^3kVk(c by wlijth in uliarctttcntii procurciJ* A&Ut i^^. ft. l*lic ) oin aa a weaver's «iirp« -\ K « M" If , till 'by,* Jt. I .(4 ^ T VT! I e rights, I, (111*, cjT |*rivtk'g:i f , . i „ .. ^ ^^ ubln-Ik li. i . , , . .. J , • I ;>r of Ji 11 uti fiery « A Slit V, or Abut, 4b*b^. t* (*7©V A nioti^fry uf rdigio^s |)cHdiit« w1i«thfr men or womtn. 4 ABh£l cwrc^ A B I 136 A B N 0^ (559). — FAte, fir, fall, fat; — m^, mdt ;— pine, pln$-— Abdomen, Ab-do'm^n. »• (503). A cavity commonly called the lower venter or belly. (5»i). Abdominal, 4b-d6m'ni6-n4L 7 Abdominous, ib.d6m'mS-ni!ks. j ^' Jlelatinj^ to tlie abdomen. To Abduce, 4b-d6fc'. ▼. a. To draw to a different part, to withdraw one part from another. Abducent, db-du'f(Snt. a. Mufcles abducent, ferve to open or pull back divers parts of the body. Abductor, 4b.diik't6r. s. (166). The ' Mtticles, which draw back the fevcral members. Abed, i-b^d'. ad. In bed. Aberrance, db-dr'rlnfe. s. A devi- ation from the right way, an crrour. Aberrancy, &b-i§rrin-s^. s. The fame wich Aberrance. Aberrant, &b-^r'rSnt. a. Wander iog frooii the right or known way. Abkrration, 4b-er-r4'fh&n. s. The ad of deviating from the common track. Aberring, ib-^r'ring. pare (410). Ooing aftray. To A B r. R u N c ate, ib-^-ri&n'k4te. v. a To pull up by the roots* (91). To Abet, i bh'. v. a. To pu(h for- ward another, to fupport him in hisdefigns by connivance, encouragement, or help. Abstmbnt, &-b^c'm^nt. s« The a^ of abetting. Abetter, or Abettor, i-b^t'tdr. f. He that abets ; the fupporter or encourager of another. (166). (4x3;. .Abeyance, d-ba'4nfe. s. The right of fee fimple lieth in abeyance, when it is all only in the remembrance, intendment, ^d confidcration of the law. To Abhor, db-h6r'. v. a. (168). To hate with acrimony ; to loathe. Abhorrence, ^b*h6r'r6ife. 1 Abhorremcy, ^hAr'r^-s*. J ^* The ad of abhorring, deteftation. Abhorrent, 4b-horV^ut. a. (168). Struck with abhorrence; contrary to, fo- reign, inconiiftent with. Abhorrbr, dbJior'r&r. s. (28). A hater, deteOer. To Abide, 4-bIde'. v. n. To dwell in a place, not to remove ; to bear or fup- port the confcquences of a thing ; it is ufed with the particle tifiih, before a peifon, and ai or M before a pUce. Abider, d-bi'ddr. s. (98). The pcr- fon that abides or dwclli ia a place. Abiding, a-bi'ding. s. (4I0). Cob- tinuancc. Abject, ab'j^kt. a. (492). Mean or worthlefs ; contemptiMe, or of no value. Abject, 4b-j6kc'. s. A man without i hope. To Abject, ^ib.jdkt^ v. a. (492). To throw away. Abjectedness, db-j^k't^d-n£fs. t. The ftate of an •bjed. Abjection, &b-j^k'{hOin. s. Mean- nefs of mind ; £av^ilicy ; baievefs. Abjectly, db'jdkt-U. ad. (452). In an abjed mamAsr, meanly. Abjectnebs, &b'j^kt-ndfs. s. Servi- lity, nieannefs. Ability, d-bil'^-t^. «. (482.) The power to do any thing ; capacity, qualifica- tion ; when it has the plural number, abili- ties, it frequently (ignifies the faculties or powers of the mind. To Abjure, 4b.-jurc'. v. a. To fwear not to do fomething ; to rctrad, or recant a pofition upon oath. ABjuRATioNy ab-jii-ri'ftiAii. s. The aA of abjuring; the oath taken for that end. To Ablactate, &b4'ik't4te. v. a. To wean from the breaft. (91). Ablactation, db4^k-td'{hdn. s. One 6f the methods of grafting. Ablaqueation, db-lu-kw^-i'flidn. s. The practice of opening the ground about the roots of trees. (534). Ablation, db-U'lhCih. '$. The ad of taking away. Ablatiye, ibld-tiY. a. (158). That wiiich takes away ; the fixth cafe of the Latin nouns. Able, 4'bl. a. (405). Having ftrong • faculties, or great ftrength or knowledge, riches or any other power of mind, body, or fortune ; having power fbficient* Able-bodied, il*bl-b6d'did. a. Strong of body. (99 \ To Ablegate, ibl^-gftte. v. a. To fend abroad upon fome employment. Ablegation, db-Wgd'flifin. s. A fending abroad. ABLf^N6$s,4'bl-n^s. s. Ability of body, vigQur, force. Ablefby, ab'16p-f<&. s. (483}. Want of fight. Abl(7rnt, &b1&-int. a. That which has the power of cleaning. AsLtTioN, db4&'niAn. s. The ad of cleaofing. To ."VbnegatEi ib'n6-g4tc. t. a. To deny. (91). ADO A B R —oi, mitt, nitTf n6( t— tube. xtXt, 1>&t( ^—iXi j— p&6nd —ri'm, rmt I A. . Vi^it^^^ilijb^ $. i>«- A, I (i$j). la a At s. HabitalinUt Ae c A* V, 4, To tkftjoj* blii* Th;it A A^ (90 binifti.iii&nL4.The At {H4). A ! .1, a- Hate- 1 -'' being t Mwt- ujc. ad. T- ^'^j-nAiQ. T. a. A- A.i "V o^j!. &.The t Afc 'r 1 1" i4,. f ; the piHltirc of • ' : c diic time* , a. Brought a^ i.f birth; t}i4t aI..:.. buad-i. A _,;^ _ . : ad. Bom dia ««c How; i«iii4twrdy, im- A" f . Tbc t rtmc; in iiii" a1 ■^-t*. pre?. (165). Higher wtT^ itr cxccU ro<» proud fof , ;d. OtcT-head J la aV, In ibc firft F^ui«jyeif. AiiOVl*ftri.%itDf A-h* In opoi Ciica **\ Bf 3 V k »c I T 1 Vf k •bt) V « r u^ kL A , 'T • J. An ^ niia u A DO V t . M i ^ 1 1031 1. »*ul* bdv 'ni^-Oiibil. See Aiwvt-cmtJ, To Anuuwn, J-b6imd'» ¥• n. (f4|)* i'o hdTc ia grn*t J'tety* *' ** ** P'^^^ pktiTy* rurrtHimthi OOMMin- ing, vvbsh . f^ti'^i^i;^ tn, ' [lar- fon, ■ _ ^ iiuo* A* Jllrf¥jint, A nci t^ T I a-b A u L^ , iul , Ci r mUrly i m fircuU ; Dearly ; the lon(^dl msy* to frtfi flrsfj^fit wht* f n liriiw ih«u(i to t i 1 1 red, nr poim i to gu Ahuuc AthifiK,(t» ; AimArATiAiRAi iib*r4-kil'dubV«U A fo-pcrlhtioti^ charm a},*iitti|l )i|;ues> rrflt, t^ li^cAi dway froni the fithtS p*ftM, A B n A $ I o Ft , 4 4i rA '/.h nn* %, The a^ of mlihingi a rttbliw* off- AuREAsr»^-bri^il^ ad* (545)- Side by Ctic- To A II R 1 0c F , 4-biidjtj'. V. a, Ti> make ^cirtrr in wurvli^ keeping iiill tJi^ Jime fub- fUnix; 16 ciMitm^ 1 tn dimttiiili, tn cot fhorf ; to dcpfirc of< AsRiuGiD'or, a-biidjd'ov. Dcptivcd tif, dcbaritd from. (,159}- An AsKJDCEt^ i-briil'jur, s. He thai -bridge*, a fiifjrtcncr * a, wfritcr of cnnipcn- diuitiB or abridgmtnti. AiiKioGMfeurr* a-hryje'iTjint. s. The CdOtTAdioD of a Wji^cr work inta a fbiaJi compaf^V a dtrnidi^tjijn in gcccr^ii* AiitoACH^ 4 br6tlV. ad, (295)* In a poUtirc to run out j in a fi«ite of being dif* Tutedor prupagsted- Abkoad, :Ub^iiwd^ ad* (^i^i^ ^^t of tiic hniife i, in ■notber €smmMj i withimt, fa ft wiiliiji. To AanoGATr, '•:.¥.». To take awai froiii ,> cc» 10 repeili 10 annul- (91 J. AuROCAT[oit|Sb^ry*g4^flii)fi. s, The i^ of abfogstinf, the tvptai of akw. A B R 138 A B S ^ (559).— Fdte, fir, fill, fat i— m^, m^t 9— *pine, pin ;- . ABRUPT,ab.rApt'. a. Broken, craggy ; fudden, witJiout the cuftomarf or proper preparatives. Abruption, ab-nip'fhiln. s. Violent aiid faddeii feparation. ABRUf»TLT, ab-rfiptl6. ad. Haftsly, without the due fcmuof preparataon. Aj»ruptn£SS, ab-rfipi'n^ls. s. An abrupt manner, haftc, iudAennch* Abscess* db's^is. $. A morbid cavity in the body. To Abscind, &b-sind'. v. a. To cut eff. Abscission, ab-slzh'An. s. The ad of cutting: off : the ihrte o£ being cut oif. ^ I have differed fiom Mr. Sheridaa in marking the sj in this word ; and, i think, with the beft uTage on my fide. Though double / is ahRod always pronounced fmp tmd iiiffing, yot when a fliaip s precedes, it leena more agreeable to the ear to pro- nonncethe-fucceedingj flat* Thus, though the terminataoD f/MM is always iharpj yet be- canfethe /« tfrff/j^m ts meceffartly (harp, the / goes into the flat found, as if written troM/fxhicn^ which fee. To Abscond, 4b-ik6ad'. ▼. a> To hide one*s ietf. AiiscoND«R, db-rc6n'd5r. s. The per- £mi that ableo&ds. Absrnce, ib'sMe. s. The (late of being abfent, oppofed to prefence ; inatten- tion, keedlc&efs, negled of the prefent ^>b- jeA. Absent, &b'l^t. 9 (492). Not pre- Cent ; aixleitt in mind, inattentiipe. To Absent, &b-fi^t^. v. a. To with- draw, to forbear to eonie into prefence. ABSKjtT&B, &l>-s^-ti&'. s. A word ufed commonly with regard to Irifiimen liv- ing out of their coontry. Absinth I ATED, ib-slnV*i-A-tdd. p. Impregnated with wormwood. To Absist, Hb-siftf. v.n. Toftand off, to leave off. To Absolve, 4b-z41v'. ▼. a. (448). To clear, to acquit of a crime in a judicial fenfe-; to fct free from an engagement or promife ; to pronounce a fin remitted, in the ecciefiaftical (cafe. Absolute, aVs6-ldte. a- (448). Com- plete, applied s» well to perfons as things ; unconditional, as an ahMute promife ; not rebtive, as abfolute fpace ; not limited, as abfohtte power.— See Domutig. Absolutely, ftb's^-lute-l^* ad. Com* pletely, without reftridion ; without condi- cion; peremptorily, pofitively. Absoluteness, Ib'a6-lftte-n6fs. s. Completenels ; freedom from dependence, or Umiu; dclpotiim. Absolution, 4b-s&-liji'fh6n» s., Ac- quittal ; the lemtflion of fins, or of penance- Absolutory, db-sar^-tCir-r^. a. That which abfolves. f^ In the firft edition of thisDi^onary I fol- lowed the accentuation of Johnfon and Afli in this word, and placed the ftrefs upon the firfl fyllable, contrary to what 1 had done fome years before in the Rhyming Di^ion- ary, where I had placed tlie accent on the icc^nd, and which was the acccntuatior adopted by Mr. Sheridan. Upon a nearer infpedion of the analogies of the language, I find this the preferable mode of marking it, as words in this terminatiiw, though very irregular, generally follow the flnefs *i0 J^-^il ; — pAfmd ;— l^, TtiJu. iupwrt, ih'fi^*ndfilc* s. Forbear- i:f, r, a* To rtirr; to fpp*ntt ^ licattr a!. f i^^itth'^l t*!* , j;c*rfaIJy ulid with nul pcii M K K , i^k-bud^nilL a« Relate i ng I <» 4A «iii vcrfity . AcAi>iMiciA»if sik-k i-d^mifli ^in* s* I ha mcniWr (if au ^icaikoif . ri^cad'd^-millt ACADEMIIT, \ or [4k'A.d^j^.i(L The mtmbcr of w* acJtJcTny. AciPEMYf < ©r . life. %. Plenty ; 4|WMitit7( cinbcr- PT. ifcflyr r.lJful J An iHemHy oi T- lilt promci;»rtn ai } i U , .^rt tf> the uultcditics ur ion telJ* u*,Hi4i cbiiwofdwJi i » J propcrli acci n t rti on ih c fit ft i^lJultlr, though titiw fremiti tqtiy oo the fe- v^iriLl, T hit it W4* acr..'iitinl on the fifft lylbbic till wsilii. i" s'upm*- ly gctJtrally rem Sh»k«f«- peMfc did twU b) Liut^icji M-mk, violate ibc afi<;p lit tilt ion uf bt* tii&«, itiraicef- A C A 140 AC A . 05- (546) — F4te, ftr, fill, fit tainlf prononDced fo two centuries ago, a» appears Ky Dr. Johnfon's quotation of him ; " Onr court (hall be a little academyy ** Still and contcmplatiye in liting arts." Loves Labeurt L$p» And in Ben Jonlbn's Ne^ Jhu we find the fame accentuation : ^ , ^ Every houfc became '* An academy of honour, and thofe puts «* We fc departed."——— But the accentuation of this word former* ly, on the firft fyllabfe, is fo generally ac- knowledged, as not to ftand in need of poetic authority. The queftion i», Whe- ther this accentuation, or chat which places like ftre& on the fccond fyllable, is the moft proper ? To wave, therefore, the autho- rity of cuftom, which prechides all reafon- ing on language, and reduces the difpute to a mere matter of fadl, it may be prefumcd that whatever is agreeable to the moft ge- neral nfage of the language in Hmilar words, is the moft proper in this; and if it appears that general ufage, in finular words, is in fovour of the old pronunciation, it muil certainly, for that reafon, be allowed to be the beft. And iirft it may be obferved, that as our language is almo(^ as averfe to the accent on the hft fyllable, as the Latin, it is a general cuilom with us, when we adopt a word from the Latin, and abridge it of one or two of its fyllablcs, to remove the accent at lead a fyllable higher than it was in the original language, that the ac- cent, when the word is naturalized, may not reft on the laft. Thus of Homcrw we make Homer ; of FirgiUut, f^irgil , and of fforatius, Horace: Hyatfintbusy altered to Hy'acmtby removes the accent two fyllabies higher; and e^eremonia, become eeremony, does the fame ; And no law, that I know oi, forbids us to accent acaiemia ; or if yon will Ax»$Kiut'i» when turned into academy ^ on the firft iyilable, as it was conftant^ ac- cented by our anceftors, who, receiving Greek through the medium of Latin, ge- nerally pronounced Greek words according to the Latin analogy, and therefore necef- farily placed the accent of academia on the third fyllable, which, when reduced to academy required the accent to be rcnnoved higher. But how, it will be faid, docs this account for placing the accent on the firft fyllable . ^ This word is in no Englifli Didionary I have met with ; but, conceiving its forma- tion to be perfedly agreeable to the analogy of £ng:Sih ai^edivea, and finding it nfed by fevcral very rcfpoAable anthors, 1 have ven- taredtom&rtk. Mr. Fofter, in his Eflay •n Accent and Quantity, fays, *^ When a * Ug^ note facceeds a low one, or rifes above " me grave tone of voice, the perception of * it is iadden and inftantaneous, befu'e the ■< fwttnntinfe of the note is determiftd one **- way or the other for long or ihort. This * I BEiBR dearly conceive, than I can per- ** hap^ cxprefiu I can however engage to ^ asaike k perceptible to a common Engliih ** car in any Greek word, according to its ** prt£tMxtsceemtaai mark." And Dr..GaUey, ui hk Di&rtatibn againft Greek Accents, amkes nfe of the iiune word, where he lays, "Ver if noEOI means, according to Mr. '^ Fofter, that oratorical or common difcourfe " differs from mufic only in the number of ** konds'* '• that the former hai only four ". or five Botes, but that the ktter has many " more, then the aetentuai ptonunci;>tlon of ** a Greek fcntencc will not differ fiom the ** finging of the fame fentence, when fet to " four or five corrcfponding notes in muGc, ** /. e, it will in both cafes be a fong." To AccKiiTUATE,ak-f6r.'tJhii-ilte. v.a. (461). To place the accent properly. Accentuation, dk-s^-n-tliiM-u Ih'm. ». The a^ of pkcing the accent in pronunci- ation, or writing. To Accept, ^k-$^pt'. ▼. a. To take with pkafure^ to receive kindly. Acceptabiuty, 4ic.sdp-ta-bin£-t^. 9. liht quality of being acceptabk. Acc£ptablr, 4k'sdp-ttt-bl. a. Grato- ful; pleafing. ^ Within thcfe twenty years this word has fliifted its accent from the fccondtothe firft fyllabk. There are now few polite fpeak* ers who do not pronc«ince it a/uptahU ; and it U much to be regretted that this pro- nunciation is beaome fo general ; for where confonaots of fo different an organ as / and / are near the end of a word, the word k pronounced with much more difficulty when the accent is reoioved higher than when it is arrefted by thefe letters ; for, in this cafe, the force which accompanies the accent facilitates the organs in thek tran- fition from the formation of the one letter to the other. As nature, therefore diret^ us to place the accent upon thefe confonanu in all words ending in uSfiw^ Mive, iHive^ e^ive, and yffiw ; aaiUe, eSiiU, oGihU^ and vHiUe ; fo we ought to liften to the fame voice in pronouncing aceeptaUe^ fyfctptibU, forruptihUy with the accent on the (econa fyUabk.--See C^mwufidaile, Acceptablensss, ^k's^p-ti-bl-n^fs. s. The quality of being acceptabjc. Acceptably, &k'sdp-ta-bl^. ad. In an acceptable manner. Acceptance, dk-s^p't^nfe. s. Recep- tks with approbation. Accept at lOM, &k-s£p-t^'fhdn. s. Re- ception, whether good of bad ; the meiuiiiig of a word* Accepter, dk-sdp't^r. s. (98). The perfon that aceq>ts« AccEprioN,' ak-tdp'fhAn. s. The received fcnfe of a word; the meaning. Access, ^k-fdf*'. s. The way by which any thing may be approached ; the meant, or liberty, of approaching either to things or men; increafe, enlargement, addition; the returns or fits of a diftemper. f^ This word k fometimes heard with the accent on the firft.fyUablCt B A C C 142 A cc a^ (559)-— ^ite, ar, ftll, "' Hail, watjBr-g:nicl, healing power, <* Of eafy aecefi to the poor !*' But this pronunctatioii ought to be avoid- ed as, contrary to analogy, and the general ufage of the language, as may be leen in Johnfon under the word* iVcCESSARINBSS, dk's^S-S^'r^-D^Ift. S Thefiateof being acceflary. AccE$8AKY, iWa{'{k'rL s. He that, not being the chief agent in a crime, con- tributes to it. AccB8$ARY, &kT(§f-^-r£« a. Joined to, additional, helping forward. Accessible, ak-fl^s'll^-bl. a. That which may be approached. Accession, ^k-l^fh'An. t. Increafe by fomething added ; the ad of coming to, or 'joining one's felf to, as, accefllen to a confederacy ; the adk of arriving at, as, the king's acceffion to the throne. Accessor iLY, dk'f<^-fb-r^4i. ad. In the manner of an acceflory. Accessory, dk'fSf-f6-r^. a. (557)- Joined to another thing, fo as to increafe it ; additional. Accidence, Hk'f^-d^nfc. s. The lit- tle book containing the firft rudiments of grammar, and explaining the properties of the eight pares of fpeeck. Accident, ikT<&-d^nt. s. The pro- perty or quality of any being which may >e separated from it, at \csSt in thought ; in grammar, the property of a word ; that which happens nnforefcen ; cafualty, chance. Accidental, 4k-ft-d^n'tdl. s. A pro perty non effential. Accidental, dk-ft^-d^n'tdl. a. Hav- ing the quality of an accident, non-cflen- tial ; cafnal,fortuitOtts, happening by chance* Accidentally, dk-s^^'tll-k. ad. Cafually, fortuitoufly. AcciDENTALNBss, dk-(^-d^'t41-n^s. s. The quality of being accidewtal. AcciPiENT, ik-slp'p^-dnt. s.* A re- ceiver. To AcciTB, 4k-slte'. v. a. To call; to fummon. Acclaim, dk-klAme'. s. A (hout of praife ; acclamation. Acclamation, ik-kl4 mi'Mn. s. Shouts of applaufe. Acclivity, dk-kllvV^-t^. a. (511). Tlie fteepnels or flope of a line inclining to the korizdn, reckoned upwards; as the af- cent of an hill is the acclivity, the defcent is the di-'clivity. Acclivous, Ak-kU'viis. a. (503, b.) RifiHg with a Aopc. fat ;-^in^ m^ $-— pine, pin ^— To Accloy, ftk-kl6^'. v. a. (529). To fill up, in an ill fenle ; to fiH to fuicty. To Accoil, 4k-k6il'. v. n. (2*9). To croud, to k^ep a coil about, co buftle, to be in a hurry. AccoLKNTy dk'k&-l(nt. s. (544)* A borderer. AccoMMODABLB, dk-k&m^fn6-d4-bl. a. That which may be fitted. To Accommodate, dk-k&m'mA-d^te. V. a. (91 )• To fupply with comvemcncies of any kind. AccoMMODATBy ik-kftm'ixiA-d&te. a. Suitable, fit. <9i). AccoMMoDATELY, ik-k&zn'in6-d4te- 1^. ad. (91). Suiubly, fitly. ACCOMMODATION) &k-k6m-m6-d4'- Qx^n. s. Provifion of conveniencies ; in the plural, conveniencies, things reqoi* fite to eafe or refreshment ; compofitioo of a difference, jreconciliatioo, adjuihnenu AccoMFANA^LEp 4k-kOtm'p4-Di-bl. a. Sociable. Accompanier, ftk-kfi]n'p&-n^-&r« • s. Hie perfon that noaket pm of the cain|»a-' ny; companion. ToAccompany» dk-kAxn'pA-n^. t. ^ Tobewithaootberatacompamoo; c6jc&fci j the (tiiic AT r<^tik J * Lxrfn^outkfi ; v^lut or rffinu- f"£^^ . i«bdm irtcn to a perfoti la 49ciior»i7i dflMtfiO, dUgnmefit of T-» A iklA^it', V. a. To «^t^^r . to Im^ (8 oplnjiin ; in T< to give an Accotuit, 10 MAke up the fec- »uc^£, xo 4X4 wcT I** pfa^ice i to Kold in mil' lie ftei{ttsrcd \ wLo : V&n'cAat* 3- Ac- .-, . ;^,j,...-jbW for. JlcrounTAUT, ik k.iun'tilnt. u A ^ A Jiij«] fciilcil or cniptoycd in fill c T'^ufkbx:. ll4ciVunt''b4dL T . A 1 - I'tr. ik k/>fT . V. a, (518). T' A 1 I- r T » t . ' - A' >-V ttir. V. a. To J^ I k^ttlAr-in^lp S- 1 aftuinenrt4 k^. u s llieaa ■1^ nr t0 IS to bofiire It. ^^Hittifc. h if added. 7 w a. To drawee • i :^. (»f5)^ To A^ 1 1 \ n. ^ttgl* To. iik-Hi U'AAn, s. The Li .^b8rf#«fk*nifi^asm«li. To Accutta, ilk ' * ' ' To fir 4e tJtc isbt. nt To /Vrri;i)iirLATt«IVkiriiifi-1itc« f. a« Tc» pif up! to Ik^7^ " - '* ^ ' At'CUMULAtl-N, i»^tt. t* AccuMVLATift, 5k-ktVn»ti.lA.|lr, a. ThAt which KcumuUirt; thAC which iiic* cumul*trti* 1J57)- A r c Lf « t* L A TOii , ik*k 6 ' m t*i-U» E 5f * I. He t hit aecmntiltttet, « githcf^ or hcapct in^ctluT* I J 11.) Ac c u Jt AC Y , ik'k4-rd i^* s. ££m4tfitr&^ AccvuATF, Sk'kA-riTe- a. fgi). Es- »^T »i oppoffd tor r igoartQCt ; e»* Acct^ SI, 4k-b*uc-* v. a. To cliargc with a crime i in bUme or crnfure* AccusEit. lM6'xi"ir,$. (gS). He tliat briugi a charge a^i^ainft *nrjih€r* To Accustom, 4k.k>'*i ulm. v. a- To hahituatCf to inure. AccosTortABLE* ik-k<"!s'ti^m.mi•bl. 3- Dune hy long cuftom or hahil* A ecu ST wABLY^ik-kiVt^ra4bW,ad* According t* cukam* AccusTO«A*)CE» ^k-kOs'tdm-en^nif. s- Cu[Lom* habit, ufe* AcciJsTomAftti-Vt Ak-k^s'ti^fU'mi- rtlt ad* In a c«ftom;iry manner. AccusTOMAitT, ik«ky*'tAm-tna-r^* a. Accu»TOWEi>, ilk^kus'l'lm-^d, a Ac- cording to cullomj tfc{lc'tiis. a. (314). Sour. Ache, Ake. s. (355)- A continued pain* To Ache, ftkc. ▼. n. To dc in pain. To Achieve, 4t-tftifive': v. a. To per- form, to finifli. (»57V Ah AcMiFVFR,it-t{h6'vflr. s» He that performs what he endeavours. Am AcHiFVEMENT, 3t-tfli^vc'm^nt. s. The performance of an adion ; the efcut- cheon, or cnfigns armorial. AcHOR, i'kor. s. (166). A fpecies of the herpes. Acid, ds'sid. a. Sour, fharp. Acidity, d-sld'd^-t^. s. (51 1 ). Sharp- nefs, fourncfs. Aciokess, &s's1d-n^$. s. The quality of being acid. AciDULiE, d-sid'di!i-M. s. f 199). Mc« dicinal fprings impregnated with (harp par tides. To Acidulate, i-sld'di-Ute. v. a* To tinge with acids in a flight degree. (91% To Acknowledge, &k-n6n^dj. v. a. To own the knowledge of, to own any thing or perfon in a particular charader ; to confeis, as, a fault { to own, as, a benefit. (3»8). • , AcKNOWLSDGiNO, ak-n611ddj-lng. a. Grateful. Acknowledgment, &k-n6nddje* m^nt. s. (228). See Knowledge. ConcefSon of the tl^th of any pofition ; confelfion of a fault ; coolieflion of a benefit received. Acme, ik'mi. s. The height of any thin?; more efpeciaUy ufed to denote the height of a diftemper. AcoLOTHisT, ^k61'lA-thlft. 5. One of the lowed order in the Roman church. Acolyte, Ak'Wite. s. (544). The fiunc as Acolothift. Aconite, ik'ki-nitc. s. (155). Tbe herb wolfs-baae. In poetical laigufege, poi* fon in gcneraL AccRN, A'k6rn. s. The feed or fruit borne by the oak. AcousTiCRS, aJcWi'ftiks. s. (.^13). The doArine or theory of ibunds; medicines to help the hearing. To AcQtuAiNT, ik.kwdnt'. v. a. To make familiar with ; to inform. (%Q%)» A cqu A I N T A N c e , ^-kw4n't4nfe . s. The date of being acquainted with, famili- arity, knowledge r familiar knowledge; a (light or initial knowledge, fliort of iricoil* Ihip; the perfon with whom we are ac- quainted, without the indmacy of friend- ihip. Acc^ainted, 4k-kwin't£d. jsu Fa* miliar, wcll*known. A c(^, T,. ,-. a Topcrfomi a bor- fi ' ■* r . li I Ibgcv |>I-if rr ^ to prf>- \ . , a deed, ftl^ 'ilortiig iiHt»cU the iditJti prafiird^ withovi i«tef7tiptkii I a decree o( parliLi- AcTtOn, IFHifinu »* (a9o\ The ill a I r ^ the ' hi a. Tlut - ^^w, pijRiRiabk. A c"dr.iu(i5t)* TltatwliTch hm tW mrr or qoaltty of nHiag ; tK^t AcTiTCttt Ik'tlrjfr* ad* Bufily* AeTirm«fii» &lc'kit tht vwice* Acutely, A-^uie1t% Jid. Aficr an acute mail tier, fliarply* AcvTitiEjs, iAiitc n^Cs, s, Sharpnefsp forte of mtclk^lt ; ^ioWnc*? ami fptcdy cri- Gs of i miiUiiy ; ^arpiicfA uf Tntiiid* AiJACTEt># ll*ii4k'ttd* part* a. Diivcn by forcft AnAct, idaje. s* (9c), A maiiiti,a proircrb. Ai^AGt , uslA j^o» s. A term iifed by muQc^ns, to murk. 4 Uuw itmc* Ai>Ai^ANT, Sd'l mint, s, A 0ooc nf impcn{:rrml>lc h^rdncsi | ttic dbmond ; rt»e IcKid-flone* Hard At Adjmaiit. AD*WAHTrNC. W-:*t-inrin't1n. ^^ Made of adim4mi h^vip^ tht ituiilitLe^ uf ^d^manti »K (iirdficfA* indLOoluhility. J^ Mr* SherulaD, Dr. Kcuridt, and Mr. ADD 146 A D H tCJ* (559) — Fite, fir, fill, fit ; — m^ mit ; — ^pinc, pin;—* Ferry, uoi£orinly pronounce the hft fyilable of thi^ word as it is here marked, and W. Johnfton only fo as to rhyme with /rVif .^140). Adam's APPi^E, 4d'aniz4p^pl. s. A prominent part of the throat. To Adapt, ^-dapt'. v. a. To fit, to . fvjt, to proportion. Adaptatioji, dd-ap-t4'ftiiln. s. The «A of fitting one thing to another, the fit- neis of one thing to another. (5^7)- Adaption, i-dap^fhdn. s. The a^ of fitting. To AoD; id. V. a. To join ibmetbing to that which was before. To AoDfciMATE, 4d-ddsT<£-n;)4tc.v. a. To take or afceitaiu tithes. (91). To ADOP.BM,^-d^^'.v.a.Toefteeni, to aecoiittt. Adder, dd'ddr. s. (98) (418). A fierpent, a viper, m poifonous reptile. Adder's-grass, ad'di\rz-grif9. s. A pbDt. Adder's-tomgue, &d'd&rz-ti&ng. s. An herb. Adder's-wort, id'ddrz-wArt. s. An herb. Addible, ^M^-bl. a. (405). Pofli- ble to be added. Addibility, ad-d*-bilW-t6. s. The poflibflity of being added. (51 1}- Addice, 4dMis. s. (142). A kind of azy corruptly pronounced adz. To Adojct, 4d-dlkt'. v. a. To devote, to dedicate ;,it is commonly taken in a bad fenie, as, he addided himfcif to vice. Addictedness, id-dik't^-n^fs. s. The ftate of being addided. Addiction, id-dik'fhdn. s. The aA of ^i \t*^y ^ . . , . aJ.Mb'bH. r. a. To , lo male uic of* . Tl-ft 5. (iSj), ft^c i>i to «fiathe7 tiling ♦ iiT, ^ J . .uit. a, Lying KT. iJ-U'sifit. 1- Iwit which T* » ILd-Jte'. ▼. 4. To add to, f Ar, . s JiMlk*ta* s. The aa ^adjprtto^oridifiRgi ^ tiling oaje^eil, LApifCriTJOei, id-J^^llOi^i)s* a. ««rd tddtod t<» ■ »obo> to dftiiff the dddU ^ance^^MBHeof bde^; ilz, gcxid, bad, ApiicrtTf tT« ImfT 9f an Mycc^vc* 1. (184)- Faa-well. T 19 pi$t to. lit .. T, n. To be [ To Auj^vt^ft^, Ad*jdni'. r* a. (514). To f9i eS X9 imtthcT ibj* xrtming *h€ time* AtijoommAt^iT, A^J-j^kn^oi^iil. 4. A IMt^tisif •off tSU mutltcr d*j^ A^tT, Ad'\' \ paJiagt under Amriont 1"^ ** (459)- ^^^ Tc Jjc\ V. a. To f .... ....^^ ,A..,,., . ,^rtM tfl &nc of the p^rtitt ; to fcaiciw< lA a puiulbm/CEit ; fiin- T^- - ^ ^..„^^ - n^ E4# a litigant. [To ATE, ^d ju'd^-k4te. v. a r iTc) Tt|4d'J4-g4tc. %•. a* (91). AbfwHEMTf AdliVmeot. f. Help, AlftecT. ' ' «- SoiBctliiijg ImmcdtMidf ^ Tl»«^ ^vthCT; tile aa AOJL ' • , He tKs^t jinttt i AlJjU*tATi NJ D^ of pf form of ^3.1 , , To Aojvtt, Md-jftrc\ r. a. To ti pofi* an otth u|>oa aftodtcTi prcrcribinf tl form. To Adjuit* 4d*ji1ft'. V 3 Trt f^fJUSTM|£lST, ild-j L- ktidji, ehc a^ of putimj; m metltod; thci lUteof beitigput Hi mrthod* AojL'TAWTi idju*unt. n. (50J* I.' A pttiy fifflcrr* wliiife duty it to Siflifi inajar, hy iliflritjitttiig pajr, and puni/hmciif. To ADjUTi, Sd'j^te'. r. a. To lielj t<> concur. Au/tJTot, ad'jA*tdr. s, (98) (i6«S). A JiKlper, Adjutohv, ad'jiVtdr-rA, a. (ji^)- 'rUat which hdpi, I Ji7)* Adjutakt, Idj^-vdfit. a. Helpful* ulefut. To Adjuvati^ ^d'jiVvAic* v. 3- To hdpt to further* (s^S*0* A D M £ A 5 u ft f M # f« r , ^ d -mi %}i%ir€' rnhxi^ «. Thea&orprw^keof tnc»Asti4g9i0coKiA> ing t4 ruk* fht'in, i. (4>i) The a^ of iTjeaftir- ijig 10 each hii p;tft, ADMiH(cnt» id*ni'm'^-kL s- (405)« Help, fiipport- Apmixkuljiii* Ad*mc'fift'^4ilr. a. Thai which gi*^«4 help- i-fiS . To ADMtHisTFR, iid-fTiii'nlf-tiir* v- 1* To gi^c, fo afford, fii fupply? to *^ *■ tl TfiiBiiftcr or jfTcitf in atif employmcsit office; to perform the office of SS vdm* ilr&iqr* C9»)» To ADMiNtsTRATF, iU^mm^iiif- ¥. a. (91), The fame as ndwA] f!er- A D M m I ST a A T I o K , Ad-in! n -nlf-mS%i 4, i 5 5 7 > » r he a ^ of adm in iH^dg' ^ coo* during AJiy fmplwymf !it ; the adiWc or c£r cc\ittve pzr, ■ ^ '^ ihty{t to mbata thr CMt '■ . ciflgtimitiod* AoiitiiiiTRATivL, iJ-mm'nif-iri-tlv. ^^ ( 1 1 7 7 ' That wh kb admlniAer v ADM 148 ADO 0C3' (559)-— F^te, fir, fMU fit ; — m^, mftt ;— pinet pin ;— Adm in istrator, id'raln-nlf-tri't^r. 9. (98) (527). He that has the goods of a man dying inteitate, committed to his charge* and is accountable for the fame ; he that ofliciates in divine rites ^ he that condudks .the government. Admin isTRATRiXy 4d'mln-nls-tra'- triks. s. (527) She who admtni- fters in confequejice of a will. Administratorship, id'mln-nlf-tr4'- tiir^ihip. s. The office of admini- ibator. Admirable, 4d'm^-rd-bl. a. (405). To be admired, of powtr to excite wonder. Admirablbness, id'Tn^-ru-bl-l n^fs. V s. ADMiRABiLiTY,dd'me-ra-birid-t^.J (511) (527). The quality or ftate of being admirable. Admirably, dd'm^-r4-bli. ad. In an admirable manner. Admiral, &d'm6-rdl. s. An officer or magiftrate that has the government of the king's navy ; the chief commander of a fleet ; the Alp which carries the admiral. ADMiRAL8Hip,4d'md-dd-fhip\s. The office of admiral. Admiralty, Wm6-rll-tA. s. The power, or officers, appointed for the &dmi- niftration of naval affairs. ][jr This word is frequently pronounced as if written admiredtryt with an r in the bft fyl- lablc"; nor is this mifpronunciation, how- ever miproper, con6oed to the lowcft order of the people. The fame may he obferved of Mtiyoralty, Admiration, 4d-md-r4'(h^n. s. Won- der, the aift of admiring or wondering. To Admire, 4d-mire'. v. a. To re- gard with wonder; to regard with love. Admirer, id mi'rdr. s. (98). The perfon that wonders, or regards with admi- ration ; a lover. Admiringly, ad-mi'rlng-1^. ad. With admiration. Admissible, ad-mls'f<&-b] . a. (405). That which may be admitted. Admission, ad-mUh'thi^n. s. Th- ad or pradlice af admitting ; the ftate of being admitted ; admittance, the power of entering ; the allowance of an argument, To Admit, &'d-mk'. v. a. To I'nfFer to enter ; to fuflPcr to enter upon an office ; to allow an argument or oppofition; to allow, or grant in general. Adm ITT ABLE, ad-mk'iiil-bl. a. Which may be admitted. Admittancb, ftd-mlt'tanfe. t. Th« ad of admitting, pemiiffion to enter ; the power or right of entering ; cuftotn ; cod- ceffion of a pofitioii. To Admix, id-miks^ ▼. a. To min* gle with fomething elfe. Admixtion, id-miks'tihi^n. s. The union of one body with another. Admixture, &d-miks't{h&re. s. (461). The body mingled with another. To Admonish, ftd-m^a'nlfh. ▼• a. To Warn of a fault, to reprove gently. Admonisher, 4d-m6n^ni{h«!Sr. s. The perfon that puts another in mind of his fanlu or duty. Admonish m en t, Ad-m^'nlfh-m^nt. s. Admomt;»oii, notice of faults or duties. Admonition, &d-m6-nlfh'Aii. s. llie hint of a fault or duty, connlel, gentle re- proof. Admonitionbr, id-iD&-nifli'&i-6r. s. A general advifer. A ludicrous teni* Admonitory, dd-m&h'n^-tikr-r^. a. That which admooiibes.— See Domrstic To Admofb, 4d-ni in high place or efteem. To Adore, ^-d^re'. v. a. To woiibip with external homage. AooftEK, i-v^, l.d66n'. prep* Down to- vacda the mnnd. Adhkad, l-dr^'. ad. (234). In a ftace of fear. Adrift, i-drift'. a, pn^^r ; jircpondcrsEioii on one fide of th^ compariibD. To AovAHTACE, ^d'Tan'Eadje, v. a. To b<^ic£t; to promote, to bring for- AoTATTAGSDf &d-vin'U-jM. a^ Pof^ b611 1'-^U ; — p66nd ; — /i&in, this. gr6&nd. 8. Ground that gives fa- periority, and opportunities of annoyance or reiiftance. AnvANTAGEoust dd-vllnti'ji^s. a Profitable, ufeful, opportune* AoVANTAGEOUSLYy ud-V^n-t^^Af-l^. ad. Conveniently, opportunely, profita- Adyantagkousncss, Id-yin^tA'j^f- n^fs. s. Profitablenefsi ufeAilaefs, convenience. To AoTENB, &d-vdne'. v. n. To ac- cede to fomething, to be fuperaddcd. A OVEN 1 EN T. &d-v^'n^-^L a. Adven- ing, fuperadded. Advent, dd'v^nt. s. The name of one of the holy feafoos, figoifying the com- ing ; this is, the coming of our Saviour ; which is made the fubje^ of oar devo- tion daring the four weeks before Chriil- mas. Adventine, 4d-vin't1n. a. (140.) Adventitious, that which is eztrinfically ad- ded. Adventitious, id-v^n-tlfli'i'is. a. That which advenes, extrinfically added. Adventive, 3d-vfin'tlv. 1. '1^7). The thing or perfon that comes from with- out. ADVENTUAL,dd-v6n't(h6-&l. a. (461). Rebting to the feafon of Advent. Adventure, ild-v^n'tOiiire. 8. (461). An accident, a chance, a hazard ; an enter- prife in which fomething muft be left to hazard. To Adventure, ^d-vdn't(hfire. v. a. To try the chance, to dare. Adventurer, &d-v^'t(hur-(ir. s. He that feeks occafions of haaard, be that puts himfelf in the hands of chance. ' 98). Advbnturous, id-vfin'lftiiir-As. a. He that is inclined to adventures, daring, coorageoui ; full of hazard, danmous. Adventurously, id-vdn'tihir-As-W, ad. Boldly, daringly. Adventuresome, 4d v&i'tMr-fiim. * a. The (ame with adventurous. Advbnturbsomrnbss, dd-v^n'tfh&r- giam-n^ft. s. (461 ). The quality of being adventurefome. Adverb, ^d'vdrb. s. A word joined to a verb or adjedive, and folely applied to the ufe of qualifying and reibaining the latitude of their iignification. Adverbial, dd v^r'b^-il. a. That which has the quality or ftruaurc of an a4- verb. * C A D V 150 A D U 13? C3- (559) F4te, fir, M, fat ;— m*, mil ;— pine, pin ;— \dtkrbially» dd-vdr'b641-14. ad. o In the manner of an adverb. fVovFPSABLF, dd-v^-'sHbl. a. (405). Contrary to. ADVkRSARY, dd'v^r-sd-r^. s. (512). An opponent, antagonift, enemy. Advmrsativh, dd-v^r's4-tiv. a. A word which makes fome oppofition or ¥A- riety. (51a.) Adverse, Hd'y^rfc. a. Ading with contrary diredions; calamitouat a£3idiYe, oppofed to profpcrous. Adversity, ^ . -v^r'ft-t^. s. (511). Afflidion, calamity ; the caufe of our for- row, miafortune ; the ftate of unhappinefs, mifery. Advfrsfly, id'vfirfe-l^. a. Oppolitc- ly, unfortunately. To -Vdyert, 4d-vdrt'. v. n. To at- tend to, to regard, to obferYe. AcYERT^NCi, ad-v^r't^Dlc. s^ Attcn. tion to, regard to. Adyfrtency, 4d-vdr't^n-fi. s. The fame with adYcrtence. To Advertise, id-Y^r-tlze'. v. a. To inform another, to give uitelligence ; to give notice of any thing in public prints. Advertise- J ad-v^r'tiz-mint. "I MR NT, i^&d-v^r-tlzc'mint. J IntelUgrcncc, information ; notice of any thing publiflied in a paper of intelligence. f^ As ncuna ending in ment always follow the accentuation of the verbs from which they are formed, we frequently hear advertifement taxed with the grofieft irregularity for hav< ing the accent on a different fyllable from advirtife* The origin of this irregularity fecms to have arifen from a change which has taken place in the pronunciation of the / verb fince the noun has been formed : adver' tifi .and cbafiife were, in Shakefpeare*s time, both accented on the penultimate, and there- fore adveriifemeM and tbaJH/ement were form- ed regularly from them. ^ Wherein he did the King his lord advert tifer HcK. VUI. ** My grief cries louder than advtrtifement" Much Ado, &c. *^ Oh, then how qaickly fliould this arm of mine, ^ Now pris'ner to the paUy, cbaJHfe thee." « Richard II. *' And thafiifimnd doth therefore hide its head." Jul. Casar But (ince that time the verbs advertife and ^Bifi havefollenintoan analogy more agree- able to vefbs of the fame form— -for the verbs XopremifiipraBi/e^ranthyetmorfifef and tRver^ ^, are the ooiy words where the termina* tion ife has not the accent either primary or fecondary;andif an alteration muft be made to reconcile the pronunciation of the fimplc with that of the compmind, we fliouki find it much eafier to change advertifemtia and ebaftifimtmt into adverttfrntnt and cbtfifemniit than advertife and tMye into advertift 9dA ' ebSfiifes but the irregularity feems too iove* terate to admit of any alteration. Adyc&tisek, ad-vdr-ti'zAr, s. (98). He that gives intelligence or information ; the paper in which advertifcments ar^ pub- Ulhed. Advertising, dd-vSr-ti'zln^. a. Ac- tive in giving intelligence, monitory. To ADYESPBRATEt dd-v6s'p&-r4te. V. n. To draw towards evening. (91}. Advice, ad-vice', s. (499). Counfelp inftmdion, notice ; intelligence. . Advice-boat, &d-vlce'b6te. s. A vcf- fel employed to bring intelligence. Adviseable, &d-Yi'zd-bl. a. (405). Prudent, fit to be advifed. Adyisbableness, id vKzi-bl-n^s. s. The quality of being advifeable. To Advise, dd-vfze'. v. a. (437)« To counfel ; to inform, to make acquaint- ed. To Adyisb, id-vize'. v n. (499). To confult,as,he advifed with his companions ; to coniider, to deliberate. Advised, id-vl'z£d. part. a. (36a). Afting with deliberation and defign, pru- dent, wife; performed with dcliberadon, aded with defign. Advisedly, id-vi'zdd-1^. ad. (364). Deliberately, purpofely, by defign, pnidoit* ly. ADYisEDNE8Sfftd-vi'z6d-ntfs.s.(355}. Deliberation, cool and prudent prooe^ire. Adyisfment, &d-vize'mdnt. s. Coun- fel, information ; prudence, drcumfpcAion. Adviser, dd-vi'zur. s. (98 J. The pcrfon that advifes, a conufellor. Adulation, &d-jiLi4d ihiki. s. (294). Flattery, high compliment. Adulator, &d-j6»U'tAr. s. (521). A flatterer. Adulatory, ftd^^-U-tOr^r^. a. Fht- tering. (511). A^ Domeitic. Adult, &*dUt'. a. Grown tip ; paft the age of infancy. Adult, d-dult'. s. A peribn above die age of infancy, or grown to fome degree of ftrength. Adu LTN CSS, t-dfllt'ndfs. %. Tht fiate of beiog adult. -©■sa '^ii\ ':^^._ A D V t^l A FF aAt mdrCf ndtf ii&t;-^t&be, tAb» b^l ;— 611 ;•— pd&nd :-*/i&tn, this. To Adultk&9 d.«dAl't5r. ▼. a. (98). (5j6}. To commit adaltery witK another. ADULTeRANT, l^dl'tiir*&nt. s. The perfim or thJng whidi adalteratet. To Abo kT BR ATE, lUdiU'tdr-to. ▼• a. To cnmmif adoltcry ; to corrupt by fome bhc^a admiztiirc- (9^*) Abolteratb, i-d^'tiir 4te. a. (91). Tainted with the giitU of adukcrj ; cor- rapted with lomefofeipn admixture. AoDLTSRATBHCss, a-ddl'tAr-itc-n^fs. ». (91"^ (93^ (559> The quality or ftatc oChetng adokcrate. Advltbratiok, i^dAl-tfir-i'lhAn. s. The aft of comiptiag by foreign mixture ; the ftatft «l hcmg comaminatedl Adulterer, i-d51'tftr-(^r. s. (98). The perlfio gniky of adakery. Adulteress, i-diSi'tAr-ifs. s. A wo- man that commits adultery. ADULTtKtmE^ i-d^ytArAnc. s. (149). A child bora of an adnherefs. Advltbrous, d-ddl'tAr-^. a. (314). Ovflty at adahery. Adultery, irdil'tAr^ «• (55^)- The ad ol nohdng the bed of a married fdloD. Advmbraut, ld'Ain1>r4nt. a. That whidigivet a flight refiembhncc. To AouMBEATBvid-Ainlir^te.T.a.To Sa&&w out, to give a flight likeneft, to ex- hAit a £uiit reibiibbnoe. (91). Adombratioii, 4d-Ain-brd'{hi'in. s. The atft of giviog » flight and imperfed re* preDEncatioo ; a faint flcetch. Aawatuhi, 4d-un-4'{hthi. s. The ftatc of being miitcd, union* Adovcity, i-f.Ariost £i-v6-lA'fliAn. u The ad of flying to fomething. Abyolutiok, id-v644'(h^. i. The aft oC rolling to iomething. AoTOBTRY, id.v66'tr6. s. (3>3^- Adnkcry. Advowee, 4d-Y6«i^'. s. He that has the ng^ of advowfipo* Advowson, 4d.v66'zfin. s. (170). A right to preTent to a benefice. To Adure, d-d6re'. y. n. To burn up. Adust, i-dAft^ a. Burnt up, fcorch- ed ; it is generally now applied to tbe ha* monrs of the body. Adusteo, l-dAil'dd. a. Burnt, dried with fire. Adustible, d-dda't^-bl, a. (179). That which may be adufled, or burnt up. AousTioN, i-dds'cMn. s. (464}. The aft of burning up, or drying. ^GYPTiACUM, ?-jip tl'^ sn6T€» n^r, n&t ; — tAibe* tAb« AfFLusMCB, iFfiiyto£t. 8. Theaaof iamiag to any place, concooxfc: exube- xaoce ol riches, plenty. Affluemct, ^'fl&-^ii-f<&. s. The fame with affineace. Afflucmt, Affld-dnt. a. Flowing to any part ; abundant, exuberant, wealthy. Affluent HESS, iFfl^-^nt-n^s. s. The «pa£t7 <]£ being affluent. Afflux, ^fKkks. s. The ad of flow- sag to tome place, afflnence; that which flowi to any pace* A?FLuxioir,df-fldk%An. s.The ad of towing to a paitkalar place; that which flcrwt irom one place to another. To Aftokt>, i£4lirdf. ▼. a. To yield or prodnoe ; to grant, «r cpnier any thing ; to be able to icli ; to be able to bear ez- pcnfes. To ATfx>KMST, i£'f6r^M, v. a. (109). (168). To turn graood into foreft. To AFTRAucHisEf If^jin'tihiz. V. a. (140). To make free. To Atfilay, idt^rk'. v. a. To fright, to terrify. Aff&at, i£4ik\ s. A tumultuous af- taak of one or owre perfoni upon others. AFFRfCTfOM, iffrik^ihAn. s. The ad ofmbbfog ose thing nponaaodier. To AFFtLiQHT, Itf-frite'. v. a. To af- fcA imk fear, to terrify. Affright, ^-frite'. 8. (393)« Ter- Bdr, €ear. Affkigmttui., M'friu^ihl, a. Full o£ affirig^ or terror, terrible. Affv^ightmevt, if-frite'in^Dt. s. The iwprcfion of fear, terror ; the (Ute of fear- fidnefe. To Affkomt, tf.fxAm'. T. a. (165). To meet Sajce to face, to encounter ; to pro- 'vokc by an open infult, to offend avowedly. AFFmonT, dl-fr^xit^ s. Infult offered to the fsfic ; outrage, aft of contempt. Affrohw, if-trto'tfir. s. (98). The AFFsosTtmc, if^fr^n'tlng. part. a. TJi^C wbkb hsi ilkc qua^lity nf a^onting. To A f rust, if-fi^xe^ v. a. To pour tmc thiag upon anoih^r* Affusiom, if-Wihiin. s. The aft of To Afft, If-fi'. V. a. To betroth in To Afi^p aJ'-fi'- V, n. To putconfi- diQSccii, te put truffc in* AFiiu>i i^fifcld'. a*i' {«75)' To the iea bill ;— Ail ; — ^iind ; — liKn, this. Aflat, &.fl4t^ ad. Level with the ground. Afloat, d-fl6tc'. ad. (195). Floaft- ing. Afoot, &.f6i'. ad. (307). Oil foot, not on hofloback ; in ad:ioo, is, a dcfign is afoot. Afoke, l-f6re^. prep. Before, nearer in place to any thing ; Iboner in time. A FORK, Si'i6re'. ad. In time foregone or paft ; firft in the way ; in £root, in the fore part. Aforegoing, i-f6re'g6-itig. part. a. Going before. A FOR EH AND, d-f^lidnd. ad. By a previous proTifioB » proridcd, prepared; pre- ▼iouily fitted. Aforementioned, ^-f&re'mfn'(hiSnd. a. (363). Mentioned before. Aforenamed, 4-f&rc'ni'mM. a. Named before. (362). Aforesaid, &-f6re's4de. a. Said before. Aforetime, d-f6re'tlme. ad. In time paft. Afraid, &-fr^de'. participial a. Struck with fear, terri^ed, fearful. Afresh, i-frifh". ad. Anew, again. A FRO NT, 4-frCint^ ad. (165). In front, in dired oppofition. After, df'tCir. prep. (98). Follow- ing in place ; in purfuit of ; beliind ; pofte- rior in time ; according to ; in imitation of. After, Hf'til^r. ad. In fucceeding time ; following anqther. Afterages, 4f'tdr-4'jdz. s. Succeed- ing times, pofterity. Afterall, df t6r-^l'. ad. At laft, in fine, in condofion. Afterbirth, aftiir-bdr/A. s. The fecundine. Aftbrclap, 4Ft 4g-grWp'. V. a. To kiag together into one 6giire. Agha!»t, &-gafi'. a. Struck witb hor- ror, a at the fight of 3 ipedrc. Agile, ijll. a. (140}. Nimble, itadj, aAire. Agilencss. ijll-ntfs. s. Nimblenefsy ^iacknds, a^Tity. Agility, l-jiV^-t*. s. (511). Nim- Uenei»« qyiflrnrft, a^Tity. To Agist, l^ilV. v. a. To take in and feed the cattle of ftrangers in the king's farc£b,aiid to gather the money. A.Gas*rM£VT, 4j-ift'jntoc. s. Compo- yofiiuoDfac mean rate. AGiTk.^1.1, iy^^-bL 8. Hat which naay he putisi motJOB. To .AGITATE, iL)'^4Ate.T. a. (91). To pot mmoHoii ; to aft]iate,tDinoTe ; to affeA with pcrcorhation ; to baodf , to ^cuii, to cantroFcrt* ActTATion, ^j-A^'fh^ $. The ad of moving any thing ; the ftate of being naovedi difirvffion, cootroTerfial ezamina- taon; fertortntioB, diftiirbancc of tbe thiwghto; 4dilKfatioa, the ftatc of being , bAll >— 611 ;— p66nd I'^^bitip this. To Aoomii, 4g'6-nlzc. ▼. n. To be in exccffiYe pain. AoONV,ig'6.ni. s. (548). The pangs of death ; any violent pain of body or mind. Agood, &-g6d'. ad. In eameft. To Aohack, &^4c^. v. a« To grant favours to. Agrarian, i-gri'r^-in. a. Relating to fields or grounds. ToAoREASB, 4-gr£ze^ a. To da wb, to greafe. To AGREE, 4-grW. ▼. n. To be in concord ; to yield to ; to fettle terms by fti- pulation ; to lettle a price between buyer and feller ; to be of the fame mind or opinion ; to fuit with. Agrseablb, i-grdd'ft-bl. a. Suitable to, confifient with ; pleafing. Agrebableness, a-er^'i-bl-ntfs. s Confiftency with, fuitablencis ty of pleafing. AoiTAToa, ^^U-tJIir. s. (521). He AoLET, ig^, s. A tag of a point cured into fime reprclentatioo of an ani* ■ail ; the jieiidanrs at the ends of the chives of flowers. AoMisAL, ilg'iii^^i^ a. Belonging AovAii*, ig'sik. s. A whitlow. Agvatioii, ftg-n4'fliAn. s. Defcent iron the fune fttber. In a dired male line. jAciiitioii» igniih'An. $• Acknow- Jedt^cmcBf. To Agnize, Ig-nize'. v. a. To ac- knowledge ; to own. AcHOMtvATioii, ig-n&Tn-in^-ni^fliAn. a. AUaJifl* of one word to another. Agm us Castvs, ig'ni^s-cis'tAs. s. The dsaftctne. Ago, i-ff6'. ad. Paft ; as, long ago ; chas i^loag time haapafled iince. Agog, 4i^g^'* ad. In a ftate of defire. Agoing, d-g6^g. a. (410). Iti aftioai. Agov£, i-gAn'. ad. Ago^ V^^\ AcomisM, ig'A nlzxn. s. (54S). Con- tcaiaa&ir aprise. AO'^visTESv ^g-6-nis't£z. s. A prize- Spaa^ out that coolends at a public folem- nityforapfisc. t to ; the qoali- Agrbbably, i-grM'4.bl& ad. Confift- cotly with, in a manner fuitabie to. Agreed, &pgr£^'. participial a: Set** ded by confent. Ac RK SINGH ESS, t-grM%g-ntfs. s. Confiftence, fniublenefs. Agreement, i-gr^d'm^nt. s. Con- cord; refemblance of one thing to another ; compadt, bargain. Agriculture, Ag'ri-cAl-tchdre. s. (469^ TiUage, halbandry. Agrimony, ag'r^mdn-n^. s. (557). The name of a plant- Agrouhd, a-gr66nd'. ad. (31))* Stranded, hindered by the ground firom paffing further ; hindered in the progreis of affairs. Ague, A'g&e. s. (33?). An intermit- ting fever, with cold fits fncceeded by hot. Agued, 4'gd-W. a. (362) (359). Stmck with the ague, ihivering. AouB-Fir, ^'gueflt. s. The parozy/m of the ague. Agub-trbb, 4'g6e-trM. s. Saflafras^ Aguish, ^'gu-ifh. a. Having the qualities of an ague. Aguishness, I'^A-lfli-n^fs. s. Tbe quality of refemblmg an ague. Ah,&. interjedion. A word noting fometiines diflike and cenfure; moft fre- quemly, compaflion and complaint. Aha^Aha% k'hk'. interjedion. A word intimating triumph and contempt. Ahead, d-hM^. ad. Further onward than another. AHiGHT|ft-hke\ ad. Aloft, on high. A I R 156- A L C I CjI* (559)-— F4tc, fir, fall, fit ; — m6, m^t ; — ^pine»'piii ;— IE 0 Aid, dde. v. a. (202). To help, to fupport, to fuccour. in, 4de. s. ^Help) fupport ; in law, a fubfidy. IDANCE9 ^de'&nfe. s. Help, support. 1 DA NT, &de'4nt. a. Helping, help- fill. iDEK, Ade'Ar. s. A helper, an ally. fDLEss, Adel^s. a. Helplefs, un- fttpported* 0 Ail, ile. v. a. To pain, to trouble, to give pa(n ; to affed in any manner. iL, ^le. s. (202) A difeafe. iLMENT, ^le'm^nt. s. Pain» difeafe. 1 LING, ile'ing. participial a. Sickly. D Aim, kme. v. a. (202). To en- deavour to ftrike with a miifile weapon ; to point the view, ox dircA the ftept towards any thing, to endeavour to reach or obtain ; to guef<. iM, ^me. s. The diredion of a milHle weapon; the point to which the thing thrown In direAed ; an intention, a defign ; the objeA of a defign ; cnnjedure,guefs. iR, ire. s. (202). . The element en- compafling the earth ; a gentle gale ; mufic, whether light or fcrious ; the mein, or man* ner, of the perfon j an affeded or laboured manner of gefture ; appearance. 3 Air, Are. v. a. 'To ezpofe to ihe air ; to take the air ; to warm by the £re. I R BLADDER, ^e'bUd-d^r. $« A blad- der filled with air. iRBUiLT, Are'bilt. a. Built in the air iR -DRAWN, Are'dr^wn. a. Painted in air. ^ iRER, ire'dr. s. (98), He that ex- poies to the air. [RHOLE, Are'hole. s. A hole to admit air. iRiNEss, Are'^-n^fs. s. Expofure to the air ; lightnefs, gaiety, levity. rRiNO, Are'ing. s. (410)- A fliort jaunt. [RLFss, Arel&fs. a. Without commu- nication with the free air. [RLiNG, drc'llng. s, (410). A young gay perfon. [RPUMP, Are'ptop. s« A machine by means of which the air is exhaufted out of proper veflela. [RSHAFT, &re'(h&ft. 8. A pafiage for the air into mines. * [Rr, ^re'^. a. Compofed of air; re- lating to the air ; high in air ; li^t as air, Linfubftanti^); without rcaKty, vain, trifling; gay, fprightly, fall of mirth, lively, light of of heart. Aisle, ile. s. (207). The walk in a church. Ait, &te. s. (202). A fmall ifland in a river. To Akb, &ke. y. n, (355). To fed a lading pain. Akin, &-kln'. a. Related to, allied to by blcKid.' Alabaster, il'4-bdf-tdr. s. (98). A kind of soft marble, ealier to cut, and lefs durable, than the other kinds. Alabaster, dl'i-bftf-ttir. a. (41 S). Made of alabafter. Alack, ft-ULk^. interjedion. Alas* sm expreflion of forrow. Alackadat, ^4ik'll-d4^ interjedt. A word noting forrow and melancholy. Alacriqusly, i-lak'r^-ds-U. ad. Cheerfully, without dejedion. Alacrity, 4-14k'krd-t*. s. (511); Cheerfubiefs, fprtghdinefs, gaiety. Alamods, il-4-m6de'. ad* According to the faihion. Aland, 4-l^nd'. ad. At land, landed. Alarm, a-lirm'. s. A cry by which men are fummoned to their arms ; notice of any danger approaching ; a fpecies of clock ; any tumult or diftuibance* To Alarm, d-lc\rm'. ▼. a. To call to arms ; to furprife with the apprcheafioQ of any clanger ; to difturb. Alarm B RL L, dolkrm'b^n. s. The bell that is rung to give the alarm. Alarming, i-liLr'mtng. particip. «• Terrifying, awakening, iurpiifiiig. Alarm POST, i-l&rm'p6(t s. The poft appointed to each body of men to appear ac Alas, 4-lifs'. interjc6t I — ^i&be, i*\K b6U j— ^H ;»— ^pA^bul i*^^iti« tmii. UrnTMisr, iiVke-imlL v (84). Onr %' . |it-f fjc» «>*^ prof e Oct iht fatnce of ai- (84)- The ■ofr* tin! A high 'i^« ^. hu«k ef the illaJiiiOMUi |!rn:ept»« md cr^- dHrr'a ; aa«r owrc pfupritf cjUied the , IMdWr'. s> A rect^fs^ or pan wlskii U flKtd 4 bed ol Jbc^ [84^ ALTccliaving iukle ^iC the biL7.e!^ t II Lt . ll'd^*iEittii-l&. ad, Like - man. the «t<»li A beverage One that Ati tiffin tnfpe^ the Ab herb- , 44dc*tA^niibi*4^. «» iile-gftr. ». {9B) (41^ J- Ground iiy. • , .. .a. i\ tippling \ t.1 M£;vii<»iF«m«tie'b66re*k^*p^r. s Mf tlt«tkME9« ^ F«>V«s)7 1« fen 1. WatchfuJj vigilsni ; -'ft, f , The qnality (3^9)- Ai,iiCNiciHT, 4le'nitc. %* A potcois- , Alim mViL », A vefUaCod in diitji AtfwaTffi 1-lingr^'* ;ii!* At tuHl] ALKirr. 4-1 In'* 1 Soaked tn mfc At < % 1 r t Me'wtfc* i, A woman tliAl AtaiA^D^KStiiM^gi-il'dArz. %. The tiifoe of i pLint. Rjt'. s. (ai^I Tlir - - * -• herb. AttlTAliTlRiltlH. 11 S. FrcL rl, G, (84). A pecu- liar kind ol arithcoettc* A L G E a ii a I c A x.t iU -j^-br i'd-k4L 1 A L c Jt B 1 A I c K > 41 i^-br 4'lk, J RcJayjig to ftlgchfi, AuctintAisT, il j<^*bri'Vft . f . A perfoa that uDder&iridi 01 pra^ifet tht fdence of I Aj.cio» aVjy. a^ (^4)' ^''^^* ^^*^^' Algidity^ il-jid'tixy^ii. s,t5*0- Chll- ! ncfi« cold. Algific, iljirnW. a. C509)* That 1 whkh produced coldi. A LCOR, M'gur. s. Eitremc coldj chil- li ef^. I f^ The & m the UA Ty liable of thit word efcape* being' pronounced iiX^m froiu U* be- ing Latin Mid ffldom uf&dr ;4ldv) \t.ooiiiiii» ll'gA^rlzm, {557). AliCORiTflM. iI'i;c*-rlMni, Arabic wopds ufe^ to imfhf the fdencc of J Alia3i 4l6-i5- ad* A Latin wordi fig* tiifying otherwifc Aliblb» ^l'#-bL a* (405)* Notritive^^ nOurifhtJig. D A L I 158 A L L (Cj^(S59)- Alien* Ale'ydn. a. (505). Foreigntor not of the fame family or land ; eftraoged from, not allied to. Alien, ik'yfih. s. {113) (283). A foreigDer, not a denifoQ» a ftranger ; in law, an aU^n it one born in a ftrange country, and DCYer enfrancfaifed. ALiBNABLEy 41e'y^a*i-bl.a. That of whiduhe |iraperty may be tisuufcrred* To Alienate, 41e'y^-4tt. v. a. To (ramfer the property of any thing to no^* ther ; to withdraw the heart or ai^dtions. f^ Theie is a lltfong propenfity in undifcipiin* ed fpeakers to pronounce thi s word with the accent on « in the penultimate ; but this can-^ not be too carefully avoided, as all the oom- poundt of 0lun have invariably the accent on the Mt fy liable, fiut whether the a in this fyllable be long or (hort, is a difpute among our beft OrthS^ifis. Mr. Perry, Mr. Bu- chanan, W. Johnfton, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Elphinftone, jpin it irhh the confonant, and msuce it (hort ; but Mr. Sheridan fepa> rates it from the /, and makes it long and (lender: and though Mr. Elphinftone*s opinion has great weight with me, yet I here join with B4r. Sheridan againft them ' ' all ; not only becaufe I judge his pronuncia- tion of this word the moft agreeable to the bcft ufage, but becauie it is agreeable to an evident rule which leogthens every vowel with the accent on it, except t when follow- ed by a fingl^ Gonfonast and a diphthong. See Principles, No. joj) (534)- *' O Senate from Heav*n, O fpir*c accurft !'* MiUon*4 Par. Z^,*. v. 877 ALiENATEy&le'y^a^e. a. Withdrawn from, ftranger to. Alibnation, Alc-y^-i'fhAn. s. The ad of transferring property ; the ftate of be- ing alienated ; change of aflfedion. To Alight, i-litc'. v. a. To come down; to fall upon. Alike, ft-lilce^ ad. with refemblance, in the fame manner. ALiMFNTy in^-m^nt.$. Nouriflimenty nutriment, food. Alimbntal» &]4^-in^n't&l. a. That which has the quality of aliment, that which nouri(hes« A LI M E N T AR 1 N fts s^il-U-iD^' tipr^n^fs. ' s. The quality of being alimentary. ALiMF.NTi^RY,dl4^-nMln't&-r^. a That which belongs to alimiw ., . AH health. MlU- nA»»- «- The rrrv iB4Lf 4ltMe'- s- A fpccics of WpfU '' f^-*lng, a, Tliai be* ^^!-i*Miu44'. s. The «» are ftitiie for alt „ iUiHK, the fJccmid of , Poifeflcd cvf . . . _ . a- To mii one i&rul « tdi xfiflciMT, »o Mfc€ it jttttf for ^piiPgK h to jam .uaj duof to anmlterr To m» ^ : ki ^^Bani Cq ^mkCito paeUy, to «/ a II: ii^rd td r^'ini^ to ti»rdcn ihem^lt^ iiifF xa»y *^^ ny thing A;.!. -r. fp The pcribn or Uuug ^iu-ii tui iJi« pamtT or ^utlity of ai- t, :, aUi'mtnt. s. Thut i , V, a* To atfirmt * ^ c'4-bL a. That ^ L I , AMrJje'ituhit . s* The i,LkQ ixt iiiieaj<^^. i. He that aU J ^ : . V ^ . ase. s» 1 he dutj- Attic J lUcon* A , il.U-gar'riJt, a. Not j\i It, 41-11} In id« Alter 4X1 ftlkgnrkil m^ftntr* Ta AttfCfi*iii» AH^-r - - r a. T*> turn inii* lUt^orf^to f /ofy. II Ifitf tided thftt U not c The power uf attraCiing. To A L LI GATE, ^'iii^g4t€. T. A^ tk <»tic ihicig 10 in&ihsF* (9 1)* Ai.triGATio*i, jU-l^-giVlMn* I, adfc of tytn^ ti^geiKcr; ttic Mrithxii thit lc*€hCT to «d)uft I he pri'. potjnd&, fdrmcd of iaw&il i ngrcdiiat ^ fcreiit value* AtLjaATOft, ^Ui-gi'o'ir. •. (fi*)- The fr&ciJtlik* Thii iinttie i* chtdiy ufed for the a-*^t6dilc *if America. ALttsioti» 4Uuh'iin, s, TheaSofi ftriking eni tlung aj^&inft aQotkcr. AtLiTiRATTOK^Al lU-cr-4'fhln. s.Thc | bcj(in^ing^ twft or niorr wordi w*t' kttcr to give ?hcm * ion of rhyi nance- foiuc^what dmiUr to the t»... of the Adje^ivc md fobftiulivc ia l^ann 4 asd lifcd by the bcft wrUcr*. **Ttn: bookful blodthcad ignf»rsiittf fe»d <* WitB loadf of kaf ae Allot, 41-l6t'. v. a. Todiftributc by lot ; to grant; to diftri^ute, give each his Ihaie- LLLOTME11T9 il46t'mdnt. $. The part, the (hare. LLLOTTERY, lUAt'tflr-^ S. (SSS)' That which ii granted to any in a diftribu- tion. !*o Allow, Sl-16{i'. v. a. To admit; to grant ; to yield ; to permit ; to give to, to pay to; to make abatement. / Allowable, &l-lou'4-bL a. That wjikk may be admitted without contradic tion; Uwiul^Bot forbidden. ^LLOWABLbNESS, &l-16fl't,-bl«n^fs. ^. , I/awfulneia, exemption from prohibition. Allowance, ilAoh'inic . s Sandion, Uomoe ; permiffion ; an appointment fior any ufe, abatement £roni the ftri A rigour ; afum granted weekly, or yearly, aa a ilipend. Llloy. al-16*'. s. . ( 32 i. Bafcr metal miied in coinage; abatement, diminntioo. !*o Allude, ilU\de'. v. n. to have fome reference to a thing, without the di- reA memioQ. Uluminor, U 16'm6-ndr. s. One who colours or painti upon paper or parch« inenta "^o Allure, 4HAre'. v. a* To entice to any thing. Lllorembnt» Al-lire'mfat. s. En- ticemeot, temptbtion. Illlurbr, il-14'rdr. s. (98). Enticer, inveigler. Llluringlt, il4AVlng-16. ad. In an aUuriug manner, entioingly. Illlukingness, dUurl lilg-ntfs. s Ij^nticement, temptation by propofing plcA- lure. ILLUSION, il-M'zhte. s. A hiiit, an implication. . ALLUSIVE, 41 lu'slv. a. (i58)'(428). Hinting at fomcthing. kLLusiTELv, '4l-la^slv-l^. ad. In an alluiive manner. LLLusfVFNEsa, 41-lii'slv-nis. $• The quality of being allufive. ^LLUTioHi 41-l^v^i&m. s. T)^ car* — m^, mil j-^pine, pin 1— ryifl^ oC any thing to fomethin^ die by the motion of the water ; the thing carried by water. To Ally, ilW. v. a. To unite bj kindred, friendihip, or confederacy ; to make a relation between two things* Ally, &l-li'. s. See Svivey. One ■ united to foroe other by nuuriage, frieod- flup, or confederacy. ^ A few years ago there was an afleA^tion of pronouncing this word,* when a novip with the accent on the firil fyllable ; an^ this had an appearance of piecifion from the general cuftom of accenrmg nouns in thia manner, when the lame word, us a verb, had tihe accent on the laft ( 49) ; -. but a ckder infpedioo into the analogies of the laoguoi^e ihewed this pronunciation to be improper, as it interfered with an univerfal rule, whscl^ was, to pronounce they like r in a fijaai ui^ accented fyllable. But whatever Wits the reafon of this novelty, it now feeros to have fubiided ; and this word is now generally pronounced with the accent on the (ecotid fyllable, as it is mixforn.ty marked by all tKe Orthdepifts in our Umguage. Almacantkr itl-mu. kln't «' r. s. A cir- cle drawn parallel to the horizon. Almacanier's Staff, al-mj-kW* tArz-lUf. s. An inltrumem ulcd to take obfervations of the fun, about the time of its rifing and fcttiug* Almanack, U'ma-nik. s. v. 84)- A calendar. Almandihe, di'm&n-dine. s. (149). A ruby, coarfer and lighter than the orien- tal. Almightinfss, 41*n]i't^ nds. s. Om- nipotence, one of the attributes of Gixl. Almighty, M-mi'te. a. (84; (406). Of unlimited power, omnipotent. Almond ^'mund. s. ^401). The nut of the almond tree. Almondtree, a'mt^d-tr£^. s. It has leaves and flowers very like thofe of the » peach tree. AlM'Nds, ^'mdndz. ». The two •^ gbnds of the diroat ; the toafili* Almoner, 4rni6-ni^r. s (84). The officer of a prince, employed in thedifti^ bution of charity. Almonry, U'miiin-r^ s. The pbce where akM are difttibuted. . Almost, ^'mM. ad. (84). Neurlyt well nigh. , ALMs,imz. s. (403). Wbat U.giv«n in relief of the poor* Almebae&bt, iznz'bif'kljL. s. Tbe ^'t-^i, tvuc: lube I «tr pot to i>il j— 2>6a«id I ^tm'dUd. 5, A cliantsi f r ft. imy.*i?W-^ir s* He ibat i* An hof- - .. i*\ man w!jo rnutf tr^. s, A tree '111- |i Ai (90)^ Ellmca- ^^vsK nfar«r wu, mb Ifcr wick b tKe A '. A preciniis ttooti f f^rfcniM, of which tJit ■ in gold ^ a Uec x t a fnfdkinal €^: ■■k. " 'MT', (iTO tiuT iiuf» tvvt.1 iiy l.lT. n^ and ui th«t m tJirec fyilahlc* ; -jbr a/v ki iwy 1)1- plurajaccorc^ 1 |iionqu«cc it in Ai. a. Confiil- I Aloft, Litdt\ ad* On brgb» iii the W ^^ A AL^fTt i h%{i\ prcp» Above. I -], Smglc J Av«i*^^ «il. / *tu ill jj« At ^ diiUnce* A tow, 4**6'. ad. In alow pbcc, not lore ii4«d i» figitUy tl»e Ktttn* «^ 1 fdJ. *xki ALI-HADlTrt AILV» .iij.j lU ' *' «d^ v\(cori!uij| In the firilrr c»! ■ tlii* itfffi Hi (iTi>f ; before the pre few - Almi, m^K iia* ($4). In tbf fuvc ritjftftrri }tk Altirabline^^i il^ciir4 M-Q^fi; The q;ii«Jiiy ni bcing^ aJtcrtbt^. ALTEiAHLy, M't Hr-4'b U, ^. In fit eh E m*i»ner »§ may be ilv^red* which h*i the power of prfti!tin has only the words ahercaiimt and altermatiw, which he pronounces in the former manner. It is certain that the fdrmer was the true Anglofaxon found, and it is highly probable that the latter has only obtained within thcfc few years» in words obvioufly derived from the Lttin as thcfe ace ; but. there feems to be a grofinefs in one found, and a neat- iiefs la the other, which has fo decidedly given one of Ihem the preference. Altbrm, al-t^rn'. a. (84) (98). Ad- ing by turns. Altfrnacy, 41-tir'ni.ft. $. (84} Adion performed by turns. AtTBRNATfi, 41-t^r'nAtc. a« (91). Be- ing by turns, reciprocal. To AtTKRNATE, il-tAr'nite. t. (91). To perform alternately ; to change one thing for another reciprocally. AtTERNATfiLY, 41-tdr'nfite-16. ad. In reciprocal fucceflion. Altbrhatbntss, ftl-t^r'nitc-nifs. s The quality of being alternate. Alternation, il-tdr-ni'ftiin. s. The reciprocal iuccefiion of things. (SSS)- Alternative, 41 tdr'ni-tiv. s. , 158), The choice given of two things, fo that if ^ke be rejeded, the other muft be uken. Alt brnatively, dl-t^-'ni-tiv-U. ad. By turns, reciprocally. Alternativeness, 41-t^r'ni-tlv.nds. s. See Altercation. The quality or ftate of being alternative. Alter jiTY,41-t^r'n646. s. (98). Reci- procal fuccelfion, viciilitude. . Although, 41-thA'. conj. (84), Notwithftanding, however. Altiloc^encr, dl-ttnA-kwdnfe. s Vompous langaage. (98 \ , Altimetry, 4l.tim'm6-trt. s. (518). The art of taking or meafuring altitudes or heights. Altisonant, 41-t!5'i>6<-n4nt. a. (518). High founding, pompous in found. Altitude, iU'ti-tude. s. Height of place,fpacemeafttred upward; the elevation of any of the heavenly bodies above the ho- / riRon; fituation with r«gard to lower things; height of excellence ; higheft point* Altogether, M-t6-g^th'4r. ad. Com^ pletely, without reftridlion, without excep- tion. Aludel, ftl'Ji-d^l. s. Aludels arefiib- liming poU ufed in chemiftry, fitted into one another without luting. Alum, 4n5m. 3. A kind c^ mineral •fait, of an add tafte. ftt ;— m^, m^t ; — plnp, pin ; — Alum-stone, 4nAm-ft&ne. s. A (lont or- calx ufed in furgcry. Aluminous, 41-16'md-DAs. a. Relat- ' ing taalttm, or confining nf aliun- Always, kVwkzt. ad. (84)* Pcrpc- eoally; throughout all time; coofiantly, without variation. Am, 4m. The firft perfon of the vexh To be. Am ability, &m-4*bir^-td. s. (51 iX Ixyvelioels. (j^7). Amadetto, 4m.4-d^t'tA. s. A fort of pear. Amaik)t» 4m'4-d6L s. (503). A fort of pear. Amain, 4.ni4ne\ ad. With vehe- mence, with vigour. Amalgam, 4-m4i'24ni. 7 Amalgama, 4-m4rg4-md. j The mixture of metals procured by amal* gamation. ^84). Amalgamation, 4-in41-g4-Tni'flidn. s. (8A See Alteration.— The aA or pradfcice of amalgamating metals. To. Amalgamate, 4-Tn41'g4^m4.tc. V. n. To unite metals with quickiUver. Amandation, 4m-4n-d4'niAn. s. The ad of fending on a mefiage. (517). Amanuensis, d-ni4n-&-^^sls. s. A perfon who writes what anpthcr didate^ A maranth, 4m'4-r4nM. f . The name of a plant ; in poetry, aa iroaginary fiowcr unfading. AMARANTHlNF,4m4-r&n7iSin. a. Con- fiding of amaranths. (150). f^ Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, and Mr* Kerry, pronounce the « in the laft fyllaUe of this word fiirat, as it is here marked. AMARiTUDE,4-ni4r'rd-t^de. s. (81.) Bitternefs. Amasment, 4«ni4s'm&nt. s. A beap» an accunwilation. ^ This word is ijpelled with one 9 by Dr. Johnibn, hut undoubtedly ought to have double s as well as cejfmait^ emUffmdtt^ and . tmbarraffment^ To Am AS, 4-m4s'. v. a. To colka together into one hit^^ or ma(s ; to add one thing to another. To A MATE, 4-mitc'. V. n. To terrify, to firike with horror. Amatory, 4m '4-tir-r^. s. {512). Re- lating to love, .sss^* Amaurosis, 4m-ita-r&'sls s. ($:to). A dimnefs of fight, not from any vifiUe de. fed in the eye, but from fome difiempera. tvre in the JBDer parts, occRfioniag w v- A M B 163 A M B oA, mAve, ii6r, n6ti — Ukbc, tSb^ \Ml ; — M\ ; — p^^nd : — fMn, tni«. I IP k jniiafjtioii of ftia &9iS 4tifl HoiitJnglidnrv T A 1 Alt, 4*ni4ic', v, a. To confufc i..!i ttfiTor ( to put imo c^ofufioci with wt:n(U r ; IQ pot iota ptqpksi^^ A M * »^ . 1 -m 4 7 c V s . A ilo niihment *: J* A«^AEi;iiiitT, A ' ' cnt, s. Cotl- Uicil «p^cbe0iic r^e^. homkf s A ' * " g* P^t, a. Won- A ri '* ;^ I '^ f- t V , 4. I . - 'i.lnw;4i^^ ad. To AmdzoMt imi-T'^n 4, (166), Tlic r l^it wocid A^ d^ uctm eik the fir{l TjrK UliU^coutrafj toO*e Ljrtin or--J-ni which totk OD tic fccggid; wliil 'ing If. ^f «# ira^A in«iciptki(X of wurdi, /*j « . * : 1 A nt, im^taiv^4c'* a. Em AiiBA - ink4)«l*'»A-d;^r. s, A pcgistr uttttUc tusnner frotD auc EiTivtiTYf ilm-b^-dc i-t^r'j t* The ^luiEt^ 111 ^iif hith ^lUkUy |« 1 toth hiiiidi ^ 49uyt 4fe«liii^< AM»U!iixiiotit, 4iii^^ Jct'trut* ;i. Hafing, with (-au»tbatity < ANtii0£xtitot/s}iitit iiD-M'iiH'trAs* nds. s. Thei|tt;iUty of being ambi* dctiroti^ Ai«Bii?4Tt blm^bWut, a, SarrottJK ttig^ tncomp«ffing , Amsiou, iini-b6 g^"i. K An rntcrtaiij mtttt conUiUtig of a medley tjf (itJhc:«. AwiaiGuiTif, f^-tr s. Doubts futudtof mc^ _ rtMiitjr of tigxitS* A Kt u I G 1; o c s» ^ni'Mg^iLi-^ A* a » Ooubu fui^ having two nifuitngi ; uiki^ dnubi/a) ciprcflJoni, AwaiGuousLY, Am-bi ' ' . ad, if] an ifublgaoiu msH^utr^ ;. Ambtouousnesi, Ain 1 -, 5, Uncertainty of tticAning , ^ ■ MJg- mfiiiatton, Ambilogv, ajn^bil'lA^g^s t. (ji8). TUk of ambigiioui fi '' > n Ambuoq^' US, .' '.wus* a, U fiog tni biglioui erj^' r l Hj i 1 f i >- ^. J 1 8 > A»iiii, fimb^c s* The ct^mpaTi or drcuit of any thing- AMlll^to^FT ttm-bllh^An s. (S^?)* The dclkc *>f prefcrificnc tic hon*Mir ; tbe ^ lire of aoy th^ETj^ grc4t or citctlcfii* AMBittaus* itin-bilbWs. a (4f9)r 5ci^cd or totifhrd with anihitiotf^ 4e&«M A M B I T 10 u St Y » Am- l>ifti'*\s4^- ad* With eagcnie^ vi advjyiceEicm or pffd^r* Ambit to ti s n k s St ^^ ^ bifb' us-ti^ a« The quality of bciiijsr ambitioui- Coflipsjifs cifcuit* To AMutE, am'bL V- p. (40?)- '^o move upoR an wnble, to pee | la trtowet- fdy ; to Witik daintily. AMbtf, iLm'bU i. (405}* An caff pate* AMSLim, fljnT>lflr s. (9H). A pacer. A M n E. i N G t V , ii m blingl^ . ad* Wib an ambling mfiTcmrtrt* Th< imagiriiry fanA vl the gi>d*i the Oimfi of a plant. A M £ IGi A !tf M :i? O (S59)--^^t^» ar, fill, fit ;— m*, mdt ;— plhc, pin ;— 1;^ Mr. Sheri^n basproooimced this ami the following word «M-^r«>-^aod am^br^^i. Dr. Kenrick has divided ihem into the Uaat number of fylkUes, but haa givoQ the * the flat arpiratioB,like %b. That thiais the true found, fee letter 5, No. 453 ; and that thefe words ought to be divided into four fylla- hlesj^ee Syllabication, No. 541,543. ^MB&«>siAL, dmbr6'zh^41. k. Par- takiz^ of the nature oc <|oaUty of ambrofia ; delicious. Ambry, im'brft. s. The place where alms arediftributed ; the place where plate, and utenllls for houfe-keeping, are kept. Ambs-ace, 4mez-^e^. s. (347). A double ace, aces. Ambulation, am-bi-U'(hiln. s. The ad of walking. !\mbc7latory, AmnjA-U-t^-r^. a. That which has the power or &culty of walking. ^,51 a.) Ambury, dm'bi-rA. s. A bloody wart on a horfe*s body . ^MBuscADR, dm-biis-kdcle'. s. A private ftation in which men lie to furprife others. Ambuscado, &m-bAs-kd'd&. s. (77). A private poft, in order to furprife. Ambush, din'b(^ih. s. (175). The poft where foldiers or aifaflins are placed in order to fall unexpedtedly upon an enemy ; the a«ft of furprifing another, by lying in wait ; the ftate of lying in wait. \mbushed, dm'bibilh-dd. a. (359}. Placed in ambuih. VMBusHMkMT, Am^b^fli^n^iit. s. Ambaih, furprife. ^MBUSTjoN, dm-tAs'tfhi'in, s. {^6^.. Aburn, afcald. Vmel, itn'mhl. s. The matter with which the variegated works ate overbid, which we call enamelled. kMRK, 4'ii)dn'. ad. A term ufed in devotions, by whieh, at the end of a prayer, we mean, fo be it ; at the end of a creed, fo it is. y This is the only word In the language that has neceflarily two confecutive accents. — See Principles, ; 491). , Imbnablb, 4-m6'n4.bl. a. (405). Refponlible, fubjed fo as to be liable to ac count. * kMENANCE, i-m6'ninfel s, Condua,. behaviour. 'o Amend, &-nldnd^ v;*a. To cor- red, to change any thing that is wrong ; to reform the life ; to reftore paflages in wri- ters which the copiers arefbppofed to have, diyraved. To Ambhd, lUmdnd'. v. n. To grow better. Amendment, S-mdnd'm^nt. s. A change from bad for the better reformatioo of life; recovery of health; in few, the cotredion of an error committed in a pto- cels. A MENDER, 4-m^'dikr. s. (9a). The perfon that amends anything. Amends, k-rnhn^'. s. Kecompeci^, compenfiition. Am£nity, A-m^n'mfe-t*. s. (511). Agreeabienefs of fituation. To A mer c B, 4-mfirfe'. v. a. To pun- ilh with a fine or penalty. Amercer, i.mfir's^. s. {98% He that fets a fine upon any miideme^or. AMERCEMEMT^d-m^rfe'm^nt. s. The pecuAiary punilhment of an o&nder. Ames-ace, imez-dcc'. s. Two aces thrown at the fane time on two dice. Ambthodical, i-TsA'fh^dt'^-Vil, a. Out of method, irrcgnhr. Amethyst, dm'A^Mst* s. A precious ilonc of a violet colour, bordering on piur- pie. ' AMBTHYSTiNE,im-4^ib'tln.a.(i4o). Refcmbling an ametbyft. Amiable, A'ni6-i-bl. a. (405). Love- ly, pleafing, worthy to be loved ; pretending love, (hewing love. Ami ABLENEss, A'mA4.bl-n^s. s. Love- linds, power of raifing love. Amiably, i'm^-dpbl^. ad. Sudi a manner as to excite love. Amicable, Arn'mA-ka-bL a. TaocI. Friendly, kind. ^-^^i Amicableness, im'ih6-ki-bl-ci^. ». Friendlinefs, good will. AMicAALYr liD'A-ldUbW. ad. In a fnendly way. 4mice, ftna-mis. 9. (142). The firft • or undermoft part of a prieftV habit. Amid 4 mid'. 1 Amidst. A-mldft'. • f P^^P- In the midft, middle; mingled with, fur- rounded by; among. Amiss, 4-inis'. ad. Faalttly, criminal- ly ; wrong", not according to the perfe^iiMi of the thing ; impaired in health. \missi.)n, a-milh'iia. s. Lofs. To A m IT, 4-mlt'. V. a. To lofe . Amity, im'm^.tA. s. (5M). Friend. fliip. Ammoniac, din.in6'ii^-Sk. s. (cocl Agtutt;afkU. ^ ^^" 3-:.^J ^^^. 31. f S, AMP 16s AMU — od, m6vt^ n6r, nit ;— tAbe, tflb, bUl ;— ^H ;— pAftnd ;— liin, THit . ^VKcmiACAL, am-mA'lli'i-kdl. a. I The quality of being able to live in difTer- Hifzog the utnre of anupooiac bit, (506). | «tit eleminCi. (r65), Ammunitioh, liDpinA-nini'An^ s. Mi- ficaryftores. AuMviriTioN BaBADt Im-mA-nlfli'dn- brdd. s. Bread for the fiipply of armies. Amsestt, tm^o^s-t^. s. An a© of I obfivion. Ahwhw, im^n^^^n. 1 Anwios, 4m'n*-^. (166), J** The iimerinoft membrane with -vi^ich the fcetitt m the womb is immediately cmrered. • XitnwvM, &riii6'inftni. s. A fort of fmti. Amohg, a-mftn^. \ Amougst* a^iiiifrft'. J P"^P Minified with ; conjoined with •thert, fo as to malbe pazt of the nombcr. Amorist, im<4^Hi. s. An inamorato, Amorous, Im'o-rds. a. (544). Fnam- ouied ; natvaliy IncUned to love, fond ; be- longmg to love. AnioROTi5LY,4m'&.nis.I6. ad. Fondly, lovtogly. Amoxovsjisss, ibn'&>n&$-n^s. s. Fond- nefi, hnriagnek. Amort, A^mdn', ad. Dcprc/Ted, fpirit- AMoarizATxoify 4-in6r-t^z4'l ftftn. / AiiotTizsMKiir, d-mVtlz- f ®' m^t. J The r%ht or sft of translerring land* t» Amphibological, Im-f6-b6.16d'ji- Ul. a. (509). Doubtful. AMrHiBOLoor. 4in-f*-bM'A.jd. «. Difc courfe of uncertain meaning. Amphibolous Am-flb^bMAs. a. Tof- fed from one to another. ^MPHUB«NA, im^is-b^-nt 9. (9a}. A ferpent fuppofcd to haye two beads. Amphitheaibf, im-f 4 /i*A'i.tdr. s. (ii6\ A buildiilg in a circular ot 6¥ti form, having its area cncompafled with rows of feats one above another. Ample, 4m'pt a. 405). Large, wide, extended; |^«atin bnlk; unlinuted, with- out reftri^on ; liberal, large, without par- itmony ; difiiiiivt, nee contraded. Amplinbss, dm'pl-nSs. s. Largeneft, liberality. ToAmpliatb, Am'pl£4te. v. a* To enlarge, to eifend. Ampliation, dm-pW-A'Aidn, s. En- largement, exaggeration ; difiufeneiib To Amplificatb dm'pIlP^-kite.v.a* To enlarge, to amplify. Amplification, im-pl4 ft-kd'fl)ilin.s« Enlargetnent, extenlion ; exaggei ated reprt^ fcntation. Amplififr, am'plWl.ftr. b. (98). One that exaggerates. To Amplify, im'pl^fl ▼ a. (183). To dalarge ; to exaggerate' any thing ; to improve hf new additions. To Amplify, im'pl^-fl v. n. To lay one's felf o6t in diffnfion ; to formpompont reprefenutiotts. To Amobtisb, i-ni6r'tlz. v.n, (140). Amplitude, iin'pld-tYide. s. Large- To alien lands or tenements to any corpo^ ne^ greatne{s , copiouihcis^ abnadance. ^'^' . ^ Amply, 4m'pl4. ad. Largely, liberal- r:^! have made the bft fyHable of this werdf fy ; copioully. ft«rt,a«rafyto»fe^^ y^ AmpOtatb, 4lri'pA-tAtC, ▼. a. To tioB 9i k,«otoaiy beeaofe it is fo pronoun oeA\9fUt. Scnit aad Dr. Kenrick, but be- «ufc it isagreable to the general rule. To AnovtA^aM^c'. v. a. To remove from a peft cr ibtieo ; torenuyve, to move, to alter. To Amouwt, LnMnxf. v. n. To rife to ID the JccmilKive quality. Aii9crvT, i^ndiiaf, s. The fum total Amoob, i-md^^r'. s. An affair of gal- l2«rr, Ml intrigue. -^«^«»«*otm im-nb'*-ds. a. That which ca live ia two dements. Amphzbiobsbess, 4m4Tb'd^.n«s.s. cut off a limb. Amputatiom, 4ni-pA-tA'fliAn. s. The operation of cutting off a limb, or other part of the body. Amulet, &fn'ft-Mt. s. A charm f a thing hung about the^eck, for preventing or curing a difeale. ToAmus^p, d-mize'. v. a. To cnter- tam the nnind with ^nrmleis trifling; to en- gage the attentatn ; to deceive by artful ■managemcbt. Amusbmbnt, i-mfwe'm^nt., 8. That which amufes, entertaiiiment. * Amusbr» &oiii&^zAr, %, He that amii- fet. • E « AN 166 ANA (CJ* {559).— Fite, fir, ail, fit J— m*, m^t ;— rplnc, pin;- Amusive, d-md'slv. ad. (158) (428). That which has the power oJF »mufiDg. A MYGDALATE, d-iDlg'dt-litc. a. Madc of almonds. AMYGDALiNB,^-inlg'dl41ne.a,(i49). Rcfcmbling almooda. An, in. article. One, but with Icfs em- phafis ; any, or fome. ^ ThU indefinite, and, as it may be called tRe nfflomt article, i» faid by all oiii; Gram- marianftto be ufed before a vowel or b mute ; but no notice is taken of ufing.a iiiftead of ,it before what is called a vow^el, aa a ufeful iiooi, a ufual ctretnonyya ufufery &C ; nor is any mention made of its conftant ufage be- fore b when it is not mute, if the accent of the word be on tfie fecond iyilable, as an he' rote a^icH, an hiflorical a$e ceflary to a corrcSncf& of language to make our orthography and pronunciation as con- fiflent as polnble : for which pnrpofeit may not be ufclefs to attend to the following ge- neral rules. The article ji muft ]>e ufed be- fore all words begmaiiig with a confonant, and before the vowel u when long>: and the article An muft be ufed before all words be- ginning with a vowel, except long u ; before words begtnniog^ith'i& mute, as an bemr^ an air, &c. or before words where the b k not mate, if the accent be on the fecond fyUibIc, as m btreie aShn, am biftorieal auwmt, Slc. For the few words in our lismguage where the <& if> mate, fee this letter in the Principkt, Ko^ 594 ; u)d for a juft idea of the letter «, • ' and fthe reafon why it admits of am before it when long, fee Principles, Ho. 8, and the Notes upon it. Anacamptick, 4n-A-lc4m't3k- a. Refleaittg, or refleded. Anacampticks, An-i-WLm'tlks. «. The doArine of refledcd light, or calop- tricks. Anacathartick, in4-W-/A&r'dk. s. Any medicine that works upwards. Anachorite, 4n-&k'A-rite. s. (155). A monk who leaves the convent for a meet folitary life, Anachronism, 4n-4k'kr&-nlihi, s. An enoc in eomputtne time. Ahaclaticks, an-^-kUt'lks. s. The doArinc of refleaed light ; dioptricks. Anadiplosis, &B4-dApl6'sis. s. Re- duplication i. a figure in rhetorick. (5»0> Anagram, jLn'd-grAm. s. A cnncdt arifing from the letters of a name tranfpofipd fo as to form fome t»ther word or Dentence. ANAGRAMMATisMf &n-ll-gT4m'ini- tlfm. s. (434). The aa or pnuSicc of makmg anagrams. Anagrammatist, ^n-i-gr&m'xni-dft. s. A maker of anagrams. To AHAGRAMMATlZB,^-4-gr&m'mi- tlze. T. n. (159). To make ana- grams* Analepticic, in-4-ldp'tlk. a. Com- forting, corroborating. Analogical, dn.&.lMjc'e-Kl. a. Ufed by way of analogy. Analogically, &n.a.l6dje'^-k41-*. ad. In an analogical manner ; in an analogous manner. Analogicaln ts3, &n-4-16dje'i-kil-n^. •w The quality of being analogical. To Analogue, 4-iiAl'l6-}be, v.a.To expl&in by way of analogy. Analogous, d-n4n6-gds. a. (ju)- Having anak>gy , having fometlung p«ni«l. Analogy, &.nall6-j^. •• (5»8)- ^c- femblance between things with regard to fome circumftances or e&db. Analysis, i-nal'R sis. s. (520). Afej paration of any compound into its fcftfM parts 5 a Cblatinn of anything, whether cs«- poral or mental, to its fiHk elements. Analytical, 4n4.1lt'tika. a. Tte which refolves any thing mto firft prina- plct: that fi^iich proceed* by annlyfis. ^^0f( ■'.M9J1. '■^Ib ■■•''t>ji ANA 167 AND ^ ii6» wAtc, n6r9 n6t ;-^tftbe» tdb, bflU ;— ^11 ; — pbiind ;--isim, TMrt* The mMWHT ol rtfehnngoonyontKU into the wnipic oofMnmcnt or cooxpoocDt pnrts* To AKAI.TZE, JUi'&-lize. v. a« To re- ^Ahc a compoiiiid into m&ft priodples. AvAi-TZEty iUi^i-li-zib'. s. (98.) That wliidiliias the power of aoalfsioff. Anamorphosis, ftn-d-mdr-fo'sis. s. Befannatioo; peripc^TC projedioii,ibthat at ooe point of ^e« it ihsll appear ieform- ed,i& ancthcr an aatA reprefenution. ^ 1 itsve accented this wovd on the pcsalti- mate, as I>r . Johnfinaad Mr. Sherktan have dfioe ^ ai it is a techniod word,anM An u nzin. s (50. . A dffeafe of the arteries, in which they become exceflively dilated. Ankw. 4 n6'. ad. Over again» another time ; newlj^ in a new manner* ^NFRACTUovsNBss, &n-fr&k't{h&-Af- n^8. s (461). Fmlnefs of windings and tuminga* Angkl inc'j^l. 6. ^542). Sec Orange. Originally a meflenger ; a fpirit employed by Qod in human affaiis : angel is fome- times ufed in a bad fenfe,as, angels of dark* seis ; in the ftyle of love, a beautiful perfen; a piece of ancient money. Angelas hotV Ane3£l-(h6t. s. Chain (hot. Angelica, ftn-jfi'^-kl s. (92). The name of a plant* Angelical, 4n-j^r£.k41. a. (so^)* Kefembling angels ; partaking of the nature of angels; belotfging to ai^els. Angblicalness, &n-jSri^kd!^ds. s. Excellence more than hnman. Angblick, &n-j^'llk. a. y,5o8). Ange- lical ; above human. Angslot, ftil'j^-16t. s. A'mufical in- Ibrument, fomewhat rdembliBg a lute. AwoER, iatfgiiT, s. (409} (98). An- ger is nneamiefs upon receipt of any injury ; finart of a fore. To Anger, 4ng'gAr. ▼. a. To provoke, toenrage. Angbrly, ftng'gdr*^. ^d. In an angry manner. Angiooraphy, An-j^-6g'gr4*ft. s. A defcriptioii of vdflels in the human body. Angle 4ng'gl. s. (405). The fpace intercepted between two fines interfeding each other. Angle, Ang^gl. s. An inftnimcnt to uke fiih,confi&igof a rod,alincaiidahook. To AiTGLE, ing'gl. V. a. To fiOiwith a rod and hook; to trftogatobyibineij^ finuating artifices. Angle-rod, ing'gl-r&d. s. The fiick to which the fiflxer^s line and hook are bung. Angler, ing'glAr. s. y^j. He that filhes with an angle. AnGLiciiM, ing'gld-slzm* s. An £n- glifli idiom. An COVER, ing'gA-bdr« s. (98). A kind of pear. Angrily, dng'gr^l^. ad. In an angry nunner. Angry, Ang'gT^. a» (409). Tj^uchcd with anger ; having the appearance of aa* ger ; painful, inflamed. Anguish, 4ng'gwi(h. s. (540). £x- ceifive pain either of mind or body. Anguished, Ing'gwiih-M. a. Excef- fively pained. (359)* ANGotAR»ing'gfl lir.a. (98}. Having angles or comers. Angularity^ ing-gti-]Ar'6bi. a. That which m»^ be pot out of exiftcnce. To Annihilatp* in-nili^-lite. ▼. 9. To reduce to nothing ; to dcfttoy ; to annul. fy' Engliihmen who hate been bredin foreian femioarics, where they pronounce the f in Latin like e, generally pronounce this word as if written Mfme-^late^ bccaufe they pro- nounce the Latin word from which it isde« rived in the fame manner : but £nglilhmen» educated in their own country, ponounce the i, when it ends a fylJable, with the ac- cent oa it, both in Latin and EngUib, as it is here marked* Annihilation, dn ni-h^ U'fhfin. s. The a^ of redvcng to Bothing, theftate of being reduced to aothlng. ANNivFRSAtv, dn-nfi-vir'sl.rf. s. A day celebrated as it returns in the courfeof the year ; th^a^ of celebration of the anai- vcrfary. Anniversary, dn-n^-v^r'si-rfi a. Re- turning^ with the fevdlutioB of the year; annuaL A\NO Domini, an'n6«dom'e-n^. In the year of our Lord. Annolis, 4n'n6'lis. s. An American animal, like a liaard. Annotation, an-ni-tA'fliiin. s. ExpK- caticn ; note. Annotator, 4n-n&-t4'tdr. s. (511). A writer of notes ; a ootnmentator. To ANNouNctt in-n66nfe'. v. a. To publifli, to proclaim ; ta dedare by a judi- cial fent£fice. To Annoy, dn-n6i'. v. a. (329). To incommode, to Vex. Annoy, dn«n66'. s. Injury, niolefta- Annoyance, dn-n^^'dnfe. s. ITiat #hich annoys , the adl of annoying. Annoypr, dn-no^'dr. s. ^98). The perfon that annoys. Annual. in'ni-M a. That which comes yearly ; that which is reckoned by the year ; that which lafts only a year. Annually, in'mi-il-U. ad. Yearly, every year. Annuitant, an nu'^-tant. s. He that pofleifcs or receives an annuity. A N S 170 A N r Cjp. (559).— FAtc, fir, fill, fit ;— m^ m4t ;— pine, pin ;— Annuity, an-iffi'6-t6. s. A yearly rent to be paid for term of life or years ; a yearly allowaDce. To Annul, an-nffl'. v. a. To make void, to nullify ; to reduce to nothing. Annular, in'nft-larta. (98). Having the form of a ring. ANNULARY,&n'nu-li-r*. a. Having the form of ringa. Annulet, 4n'n4-Wt. s. A litde ring* To Anno MBRATE, 4n-n&'mi-ritc. v. a. To add to a former number. (91}. ^NNUMERATicN, ^n-n^-m^-r^'ftiftn. s. Addition to a former number. To Annunciate, in-niin'flifi^te. v. a. T^brin|r«ig» (9^^) (357) (i9^)- Annunciation-day, dn-nAn-m^-A'- ' ftfln-di. 6. The day celebrated by the Church, in naemory of the AngeFt fa- liitation of the Bleifed Virgin, folemnized 00 the twenty-fifth of March. Anodyne. dn'6.dine. a That which has the power of mitigating pain. To Anoint, S-noint'. v. a. To rub orer with un^ous nuitter ; to confecrate by miction. Anointer, a-n6in't!ir. s. The pcrfon that anoints. Anomalism, i-n6in'&-lkm, s. Ano- maly, irregularity. AN0MALisTicAL,l-n6ni-a-lis't^-]dl. a. (509)' fn-cgular. Anomalous, i*n6m'4-l&s. a» Irregu- lar, deviating from the general method or analogy of thinga* AtiOMALOusLY, d*n6m'4-lAs-U'. ad. Irrcguhu'ly. Anomaly, &-n&in'4-U. s. Irregularity, dcTiattoo from rule. Anomt, in'iS-m6. s. Breach of law. Anon, &.n6n'. ad. Quickly, foonj now and then. Anonymous, 4-n6n'6-m6s. a. Want- ing a name. Anonymously, d-n6n'6-mi&f-l^ ad. Without a name. AwoRFXY, an'nA-r^k-st;. s. (517) Inappetency. AiTOTHER, in-(iTH' g(tes before, or leads another. AiTECHAMBiit« in't^-tftAm-biV. s. The chamber that leads to the chief ajwrt- oifltt. See CHAMBaa. To AifTtDATSy an't^-tUktc. y. a. To dau earlier than the real rime ; to date litmuihmg before the proper time. AnT&DILCVlAMt iti-t^ dd-l&V^4ii. a. Cxiftangbeftrc the defaige ; relating to things exiftin^ hrfore die ddiige. AnTtLOft, Iin'ti(-I6pe. s« A goat with cnrkd or wreathed horns. A«TfiMEftiDiAii,in.tii.in^Hdje'^4n.a, (394) (^^6) :j07)> Bang before noon. Amtemetick, int-^-mMk. a. That has rfiepoverof prevesting or flopping vo- mitiiig. Akteml^hoami, ia-t^-mAn'ddne. a. That vhidi was before the world. A»Tf ?a«T, &n'ti£-pa(l. s. A forc-taftc AKTiPEwuLT,in.t^pd-nftlt'. s. The laftiyQabJcbiittvo. AsTErtLErricKj int-5p-^-Wp'tlk. a. A Bcdidoc agaiaft convuUtoos. To A XTEP0»£, dTi^t^-p6ne. V. a. To prefier one thing to a2H>ther. AntbpaedicahKnt, ^n-t*-prn-^. s; (5s6\ Antimony ie a mineral fubftance, of a me- talline nature« ANTiKtPHRiTiCK, An-t^-Ti^-frlt'lk. a.. Goo ftntlAr. s. Branch of a ftag^s horn. AKTORci,&n-tW'sl. s. (296). Thofe inhabitants of the earth who live under the fame meridian, at the Dune diftance from the equator ; the one towards the north* and the other to the fouth. Antonomasia, dn-t6-n6-m4'2h£-4. s. (AS^)' a form of fpeech, in which, for a. proper name, is put the name of fome dig- nity. We fay the Orator for CHcero. f 9 3 ' A PH 17.3 A PO — B^ lO&Te, ndr, nftt ;*-tfibe» tAb, bAll ; — uil ; — pAund ;— /iUnp this. Aytu, in'tik. s. (416). A casern, aien. AvTiL. in'vU. s. The iron block on which the finith lays hismctai to be forged ; 2sy tfamg OD which blows ase laid. AviiFTY^dng-zr^-t*. s. (479) (480). Trauhle of miDd abotft Tome future event, k^AcJtJtdt i depreflxon, lowoeft of fpirits. Amious, ink'(h(ks. a. (480). Dif-, tnrbcd about femeoncertaiii event ; careful,: ffali of inqoktiide. AxxiovsLY, ink'ihCis-I^. zd. Solicit- f]|l-nds. &. Unceruinty. Atodictical, ip-A.-difc't^-kil. a. monaratMT ApoDixis,l^-A-dik'slf. «. (527). monfiratjon. Apoojbom, ip-A-j6'6n. (517). 1 ^ Apoobb, ip'6*j^. (503). 3 ' A point in the heavens, in which the fun, or a pkmet, it at the greateft diftance poffi<- ble from the earth in iu whole revolution. A P O 174 A P O a> (559)- — ^f 4te» ft*"» ^» f*t ;— mi, m^t ; — pine, pb ; — AVOLOGETICAL, 4p-p61-6-jfit'^-k^l. 1 Apologbtick, a-p6Ko.]^t'ilc. j a. That'inhich U ijud in defence of any thing. To Apologue, i-pin6-jiie. v. n. To plead in favour. Apologue, ip'A-lfig. s. (338) (503 >. Fable, dory contrived to teach fome moral truth. Apology, H-p6r&-jd, s. (518). De- fence, excttfe. AP0MEC0MBTRY4p'6-ni^-k6m'm^-ti^. t. (517 ). The art of meafuring things at a didanc^. Aponeurosis, d-p4n-ntLi-ri'sls. s. An ezpanfion of a nerve into a membrane. Apophasis, d-p(^f a-sis. s. .( 520). A figure by which the orator feepis to wave what he would plainly infinuate. AP0PHLEGMATicK,4p-6 flSg'nid-tik.a. (5io\ Drawing away phlegm. APOPHLEGMATi8M,4p-o-fl^g'ma-tizm. s. A medicine to draw phlegm* Apophtwpgm, dp'6-/^6m, S-. (503)- A remarkable faying. Apophyge. u-p6f^-j6. s. That part of a column where it begins to fpring out of its bafe ; the fprine of a column. Ap' PHYsis, a-pori-sls. s, '520). The prominent parts of fome bones ; the fame as procdb. Apoplectical, ap-d-pUk'td-kal. 1 Apoplectick* dp.6-pl^k'tik. J Relating to an apoplevy. Apoplexy, sl.p'o-plt^!>s6. 8. (517). A fndden deprivation of ali feniation. Aporia, 4-p6'ri£-i. «. (505) 19a). A figure by which the ipeaker doubts where to begin. Ap'^rrhoba, ip^pAr-rd'i. s. (9a). Effluvium, emanation. Aposiopesis, i-p6zh-^-6-p^'sls/ s. C510). A form of fp«ech, by which the Speaker, through fome affedion or vche- mency, breaks off his fpeech. (526). Apostacy, d-p6s'td-s6. s. Departure irom what » man has profeiTed $ it is gene* rally applied to religion. Apostate, a-p6s'tAte. s. (91 ). One that has forfakcn his religiaik. A post ATI c A L, ap»p6&-t4t'^-k41. a. After the manner oi an apoflyto. To Apostatize &-p&s't&-tize. v. n. To forfake one*« reHgion* To Apostematr. a-p6s'ti^-m4te. V* n (91). To fwell and corrupt into matter. ApOstsmation, 4-p6s-t^TftA^fh&o. s. Xhegathering^of a hoUow purulent tumour. (503)* -V Aposteme, dp'6-ft6rae, s hollow fwellingy an abfcefs. Apostlf, ^.pos'fl. s. (472) (405 '^. A perfon fent with mandates, particufatjly ap« plied to them whom our 2)aviour dcpute as if divided into a-fo-fiU i the lecoad fyllable like the firft of /«-««. If the Iod^ quantity of the 0, in the Latiii ^p^mimj. Is urged for a fimilar length of the £ngH{h apofilt^ let us only turn to No. 537 of the Principles, and we ihall fee the futility of ar- guing from the Latin quantity to ours. If .thelicreafonsare not fatisfedory* it is hoped that thofe who are abettors of this fio^lar proAtinciation will alter e^if-tU into ^-^i-ftU. the fecond fyllable like fie^ and then thcir reafoning and practice will be untfarm. a\postlj:ship, d-p&s'fl-lliip. s. The office or dignity of an apo^e. Apostolical, dp-p5s-i6r6-kll. a. IDxi- Uvcred by the apoftJes- AposTOL)CALLY,ap-6s-t&r£-k&l-16. ad. In the manner of the apolUcs. Apostolic, dp-6s-t6rUk. a. (509).. Taught by the apoftles. Apostrophe, d-p6s'tr6-ft. s. (518). Id rhetorick, a diverfioa of fpeech to ano- ther perfon than the fpeech appointed did intend or require ; in grammar, the contrac- tion of a word by the ufe of a conuna, a» tho' for though« To Apostrophize, d-p6sem. s, (503). A remarkable faying. Apotheosis, dp &-/M;i'-sis. s* Deifi- cation. 0r This woid, like M€tam9rpb^yham dcfcrt- ed its Latin accentuation on thepa^nUirearc fyllable, and returned to its erigiisal Greek accent on the antepeooltimate. Sec Princi- ples, No. 503, page 49. The other words of this ternu^tion, as Amadipt^^ .Atutptt/h^ &c. retain tne I^tin accent, though all thefe words in Greek have the accent on the ante- penultimate. This accentuation 00 theaR- tepenultimate is fo Agreeable to the geniu» of our own tongueJSGu it ia no woader it is fo prevalent. Johnfoa, Sheridan^ Kcnrick, Afh, Soott, JBucl{«ii«n,^Biiley, and ^enj- A P P 175 A PP — jiih mdvc, n6r, n&t ;— tibe, tdb, b&ll ;— 6if ;— p66nd ; kfe adopted it as I fiaTc done; aad 00I7 Smidi, Barclay, and Eotick, accent the pc- wrttMMte. bo eminent a poet as Garth ap- proves of tfae choice I have made, where he ** AXbu the prince of hkceleftial Hue ** An mfttke^tf and rites divine." A?OTOMB, i-p6t'6.nie. s. The rc- nuadcr or difference of tvo incommenfur- able ^oantitics. Afosem, ip'd-z^ziL s. (503). A dt- codion. To A??AL, ip-pXll'. V. a. (406). To fright, to dcprc&. (If I>t. ]QhnfioQ teUs ns^that this word might mfsn proaeriy have been written Appalt ; and we fedBacwi, inhis Hiftory of Henry Vn. aAnsDy writes the compound AppaU* memf. Whether Johnfon foands his opinion upon the ^ coloor which fear generally proihices, oropon the derivation of the word from the Avoch Apfa&r^ it cannot be cer- cainly inowa ; hat this is certain, that this word has been feoftca rhymed with«tf,W/, /iff> &c. that fnch a change at IH, Johnfon recoBsncnda wonldbeattended with nofmall iocoa^Kmence. Ittnay be obfenFed too, that fpeHing this word with finglc ; as he has done, is at variance with its general pro- nundatic9:£Qr oDcA when final, does not hroadea thta Hfce chat in all^ but leaves it in the /bond of that vowel in fal-Uw, iaUUw, &c.^ Conlidering tberefiore that the pronun- ciatian of this word isfo irrevocably fixed; it is bot bof rowing an / from the Latin FmUn to make the ibond and the fpelling ezadly condpood. We are often foiid of neglcding the French for the Latin etymology when there is no occefity,— in the prefent cafe fi^c^ a piciierence would he commendable. ApPALENEHT/lp.pMrindnt. s. De- preSoa, mipreffioB of fear. A?PAifjiGE,ap'p4.iiijc. s. (90) (503). Lands fiet ap4rt for the maintenance of yooBger du&en. Af^AniiTci, *pp4"rA't^3. 1. Thofc x-iMOg* wfaich ire pi*»^4cd for the dccom- phUunesa: el my p^f pofe ; ;is the tool* of a rrade, the itaBifspc of a houle; etjuJpagc, A p f^AR EL, Ip-pViL s. Dress, veftutc j ^ff^maJ hab^iaicnts. To *-v p pAK 1 1., ap-pir'^1 . V* a* To drisft, i -jodke J 19 cwver, or deck, A . f ifci^iiT, 4j>-pi'r^nt, a^i Plain, mdu- "^^^ feemlng, not re^l ; vtCiUe ; open, "'^-«ftnht; ctTtain, »ot p-cfumptive- Ap^AtimTi.T, ap-pA'rC-nt-Rs ad. Evi- A r^r 4«rrmji,4p>p^ rifli'AiL 5, Appear- ancc, vifibility ; a vifible objea ; a rpcdf^ a walking fpirit; fomething only apparent, not real ; t he vifibility of fame lominary. Apparitor, 4p.p^r'6.tiir. s. (98). The loweft officer of*the ecdefiaftical coUrt.^ ro Appay, 3lp pA'. V. a. To latisfy. Po Appeach, Ip-pitfh' V. a. To ac- cnfe ; to cenftirc, to reproach. Appeachmemt, fi^ -p^tlh'm^nt. », Charge exhibited againft any man. To Appeal, &p.p^lc'. v n. To tranT- fer a caufe from one to another; to caU another as wttneis. Appeal, ap-p^lc'. s. A removal of a caiUe from an inferior to a foperior coort ; in the oonimon law, an accufation ; a call upon any as witnefe. Appealart, ap-p4l1dnt. $. He that appeals. To Appear, dp-p^re'. ▼. n. To be in fight, to be vifible ; to b^ome vifible as a fpirit ; to exhibit one's felf before a court ; to feem, in oppofition to reohty ; to be plain beyond difpute. Appearance, ^p-p^'rHofe. s. The ad of coming into fight ; the thing feen ; fern- blanft, not reality; outfide fliow ; entry in- to a place or company; exhibitiAD of the perlbn to a court ; preience, mien ; probabi- lity, Hkclihood. Appearer, dp-p^'nar. ». (98). The perfoii that appears. Appeasabli, ap-p^'24-bi. a. (405). Reconcikabla. Appeasablencss, dp-pd'z&-bl-i>£». s. Reconcileahlenefs. To AppaASi,4p*p^ze'.v.a. Toquict, fb put in a fiate of paacc ; to pacify, to re*> concile. Appiasement, &p-p^ae-mtot. s. A fiaie of peace. Appeasbr, dp p^'zAr. s. (98). He that pacifies, he that gmets diihirbances. Appellant, dp p^l'ldnt. s. A challen- ger; one that appeals from a lowei to a higher power. Appellate, dp-pAlldte. s* (91). The perfoD appealed againft. APPELLATION) dp-p^4d'fll{^n# •• Name. "* Appellative, dp-p^rid-tlv. s. (1J7). A name common to 9S cttht lanie kind cf ^aes \ as man, horic. Appellativbly, dp-pdlld-iiv46. ad. According to the mannef of nouns appeUa tivet Appellatory, dp-p^l1dptAr«r£. a. That which contains an appeal. (jXft). A P P 176 A P P (E5*{5j[9)— Fite, fiir,.fiill, fat ;—m^> m^t ;— pine, pin;- Appellee, dp-p*l-l^'. s. One who is •fo APPBN0, fip-p^ncP. V. a. To hang • any thing upon ancthcr^to add to fomeChing • asanacceffory* . Appendage, apf^'d&je. s. (90). SonKthbg added to another* thing, without bieing ncceffary to its.eflence. ApptNDA>iT,ap-pin'dADt. a. Hanging to fomething eUe ; annexed,, ceocomiunt. Appkndant, ap-p&n'dSnt. s» An acci- dental or adventitioui part. To AppENDiCATE,4p-p&n'd6-k4tc.v.a. (9j}. To add to another thing. Appenjdicatios, 4p.p^n-d^-k4'fkfln. s. (459). Annexion. Appemdix, 4pp^n'dlks. s. Something appended or added; an adjond or coocomi* taot. To Appertain, ftp-pir-tine'. v. n. To belong to as of right ; to belong to by na- ttire. APPBftTAlNMEHT, &p p^r-t^nC'lH^t. S. That which belongs to any rank or dignity. Appertkmancb, dp p6r't6-n4nfe. s. That which belongs to another thmg. Appertinbnt, Sp-pfir't^-n^nt. a. Be- longing, relating to. Appetence, dp'pe-t^fe. 1 ^^ Appetency, ilp'pe-tfin-s6. J Carnal defire. Appetibility, ap-pfit-tW>ll'i'-te. s The q^uaiicy of being defirable. Appktiblf, dp'pt-t^-bl. a. (405). DcGnble. Appetite, ilp'p^-^^e s. (155). The natural dcfire of good; the defire of fcnfual pTeaiurc ; violent longing ; keenoc£» of fto- niacb, hunger. Ar PETITIONS, app^-tlfli'An. Defire. Appftitive, ip'p^-t^-tlv, which defircs. s. (507). That a. To Applaud, ^p-pUwd'. V. a. To ; topraife in praifc by clapping the hands generaL Applauikr, dpplWddr. s. (98). He that praifes ot commends. Applause, ap-pl^wz'.s. Approbation loudly exprefiedl Api'LE,4p'pl. s. (405). The fruit of the apple tree; the pnpit of the eye. AppLtwoMAN. up'p -WLim-iin. s. A woman that fells apples. Appliablb, 5p ph'i-bl*a« (405). That which may be applied. Appliance, apHpli'lnfe. s. The a^ of applying, the xhiim applied* Applicability, ip'pl^-k^-bll'A-ti. s- The quality of being fit to be applied. Applicable, ap'pl^-kd-bl. a. That which may be applied. Applicableness, dp'pl6-k4-bl-n^s. s. FitneTs to be applied. Applicably, ip'plf-ka-bl5. ad. la fvch manner as that it may be properly ap- plied". Applicatb, ap'pl^-kite, s. (9i> A right line drawn acrofs a curve, ib as to bi- fed the diameter. Application, dp pK-kA'(hftn. s. The aA of applying any thing to another ; the diing applied ; the a& of applying to any perfoB as a petitioner ; the employment of any means for a certain end ; hitenfenefs of thought, clofe lludy; attention to fome par- ticular affair. Applicative, &p ^I^-k4-tiv. a. Be- longing to application. (5 1 a). Applicator Y, 4p'pl^^k«l-tAr-ri. a. Be- longing to the aA of applying. (51^)- To • Appl«» d-pll'. V. a. To put one thing to another ; to lay medicaments upon a wound ; to make ufc of as relative or Ci- table ; to put to a certain ufe ; to fix the mind upon, to-ihady ; to-have recoorfe to» as a petitioner ; to ply, to keep at work. To Appoint, dp-p6int'. v. a. To fix any thing; to.eftabli(h any thing by decree ; to fumifii in all points, to eqnip. Appointer, ap-poin't&r. 5.(98). He thatiettles or fixes. AppoiNTMEitT, ^p-p6int'm^nt. s. Sti- pulation ; decree, eftablifhrnent i diredion : order ; equipment, furniture ; an allowanct paid to any man. To Apportion, &p-p6re'fli&n. v. a. To fet out in juft proportions. Ap PORTION mrnt, dp-p&rc'flifln-mcm. 8. A dividing into portions. To ApposB,i^-pAzc'. V. a. To put queftion%to. Apposjte, ip'p&-zlt. a. (156). Pro- per, fit, well adapted. Appositely, ap'p6-zit-l)6. ad. Pro- perly, fitly, luitably. Appo8itbness» ^'p6-«k-n/^. s« Fit nefii, propriety, fvitableneis. Apposition, &p*p6-zl(Vi&n. s. The addition of new matter ; in grammar, th'. putting of two nouns in the fame cafe. To Appraize, 4p-prAze^ V. a« Toic: a price upon any thing. Appraiser, 4p-prtt'zir. s. (98). A perfon appointed ta fet a price v^aa ihiaf tobefoid; A P P irr Apr -Tife» mivr, nAr, n tit ; t^i^c, t^b, b6!i;*«i^Lj ;^p^6Eiil:*^Mn, tmu. 1 z*> v.n*: !*^ W. V a -.in price itf w the l-bl. ■.{^ iip pjMUIl ,.:F T.^-^.Tt- uc a|>i rthcrtdcil or ■ C.i|11|«ti:^ i.j Ljy which rMrpicioJi of vh-K, r»T/nMs, I, {140)* anf to ftTvc ■ . oTidition th?it , iQ tihc mcfui time, cn- fum tit ht>ttrt* (i4ai- \ii, V* a. .ppTffn*icc» utp, 3. 1. To ill' V, n. Td ' 4^ time I T a» To LM jmicji ^ ill bw^ I <3ni»t^^ '^--' f ^ Til of ndYiDeicf . /\ r I" « Oil ctitAyHTf ii p^ pr€jt A ' m^o£4 >. ad of f"' " 1 LipfcfliniE hixiifdf {tIciI* fiippe: A Ff it OOF, i. Nui iit uk« ApFROPiiiA&Li, dp-pi6')>rc-4-bK a. Th at whi c h may Uc u p n r* -t^r 1 1 r - ■ .1 , To ArriDriMTt, v. ** (5(11* Trt ctiiilji^ii ' . f *ifprt*j[l» A !» p m n V c %\ t N T , lip-pnldT'inthi t s. Approbation, liking* ApFRovj-it Ap-pniAViV. s. (9S)* He tliat appr£tve»^ he lilftt roakcf trml ; ki Uw. cnic th^t> touhffing felony ^ hmik^f^ ac- cuks another. To ApffcoxrMAT^t iip-pr6k%'€*m4te. r* n. [91), Toipproach, todnw nc»r Ifl. ^ Thi* word, ai a verb, » not in johQi<»0 ; byt Its very frc^iufftit ufe among gond wri- ter) and fp«a1i«r* U a foffidcnl *i*thor*ry for it* iafertion here, triihoui thr Uoubic 01 Searching !«» » pTAs-n^s. s. Wa- teri&nefs. Aquiline, Ik-wd-lb. a. (145). "Re- fembling an eagle; when applied totbe nofe» liooked. Aquosr, i-kwtfc'% a. Watery. Aquosity, d-kwos'^-t^* s. (511). Waterinefs. Arable, ftr'&bl. a. (405). Fit for tillage. 0" The a in the fiftk fyilable of this word hai the fliort found as much as if the r were dottble. The fame may be obierved off every accented « befora r, followed bf a vowel. (81) (168). A ran sous, 4-r4'n£-ds. a. Refiem- bltng a cobweb. A RATION, li-rA'flidn. s» The aft or ptaSice of ploughing, AratOry, ar'4-tAr-r*. a* {5 12). That whifch contributes to tillage. Arbalist, ^r'ua-rift. s. (503). A T crols-bow. Arbiter, ir'W-ti'ir. s. (98). A judge appointed by the parties, to whoCe decpr- mination they voluntasjly fubniit ; a judge. Arbitrable, ir'b^-rri-bl. a. Arbitra- ry, depending upon the wilL Ak Bi r ra M e n r , ^r- blt'tdl-ni^ot. s . Will, determination, dioice« Arbitrarily, dr^b^.trlr^-li. ad. With no other rule than the will; defpoti- cally, abfohitcly. Arbitrariness, ir'W-tri-r^-nfe. s. Defpoticalnefs. Arbitrarious, Hr-b^-tri'rA-As. a. Arbitrary, depending on the will. Arbitrariously, ir-b^-^^'r6-5s-W. ad. According to mere will and plealune. A R b 1 r R Aft Y, ^r'bMri-rfi . a . Oefpotick» abfolute ; depending oni no rule, capirici- ous. To Arbitratr, ir'h^-trite. v. a. (91 ). To decide, to determine ; to judge of. Arbitration, ir-b^-tr^ftifln- s. The determination of a caufc by a judge mutual- ly agreed on by the parties. Arbitrator, 4r-W.triL'tiV. s. (521). An cxtraordiaary jndge betweet party and party, chofen by their mutwl oonfedc ; a governor; a prefident; he tHht ha» the power of a&icg by hi? ownc^Oice % the dc* terminer. ARBlTRBM6NT,4r-blt'tr^lB£nt.S. I>c- cifion, determination; compromife. Arborary, &r'bA-rt-r^. a. (512). Of or belonging to a tree. ARC 179 ARC —nil mdvcy n6r, not; — rtbe, tftb, AtBo«tT»itr'bo-r^t. 6. A {xnsdl tree orftrnb. AftBo&isT, &r'b6.rift. s. A natural^ v^omikcs trees hit ftady. AuBcaous, &rl>6*TAs. a. (314). Be- AiLBouR, ir'Wr. s, (314). A bow- er. Akbuscle« &r1>A$.fl. s. (351) (405). Abj little ihnib. Aksotk, ir'bdte. s. • Strawberry tXtt. Arc, &Tk. s, A feginent> a part of a arck;aDircli. Arcjjji, ^-kidc'. s. A continued ardu ARCAKUM^b-U'nto. s. (503). (Plu- ral Are0u\ A featt. ARCH.drtfh. s. B»tof a circle, not taarc than the laU; a hi9diiig in form of a &gBaeBt of a eirde, uteA for bvidges ; vault «fhawa ; a ddef. To Arch, Artfli. v.a- To buijd arches ; tooMcrwichirdia. Arch, irtfli. a. Chief, of the firft c^S «r«ggifc« mirtlifiil. Archahgei, kA'AneTj^h s. (354). One of tfce h^fccftonkr of aofcls. C^ Tie aeccDt k fixnetimes on Sic^ft fylla- hk, though ant £» prnperhr. AgCHAnGSLf &rk-ane'j^. s. A plant, deadaettk* Archangeuck, &rk-an*jdl1ik. a. Be-^ Ivigiiiji; to ardtaogeb. Archbcacoj!, * irtlb-b^lcn. 8. The chief phce olpro^ieA, or of fignaL ARCHBUHott irtfh-bKb'ilp. s, (354). Aluflsop of die firft dali, wlu> fuperinteodt the ooodad of ochpr blihpp$ his fuffi-agrana. AicKBisHOfaicx, 4rt(h-t>ifli'Ap-rik. s. The ftate, pRm^ce^ or jiiriididloD of an artfahiflop, ARCMCHAMTsa, 4rt&-tfhan'tAr. s. The chief daoter* Arcrdi&cov, irtih-dS'bu s. One that &PfBa the hi&op's place and office. Archoeacomry, irtfh-d^'kn-r*. s. The offoe orjarifdi^Km of an archdeacon. AscH2>£AC0«SHUP> idrtih-d£''kn-iblp.. s. The office of as archdeacon. Arcadctkb, 4rtlh-diike'. s. A title pwm to ptkoaci Auftria and Tufcauy. AtcBoucMEss, 4rtih (559).— F*t<» f^^ fl^» Arctick, irk'tik. a. Northern. Arcuate, ir'Wi-ite.a. (91). Betit in the form of am arch. Arcuation, ir-ki-4'ftifin. s. The 96t of bendiii^ any thing, incurvation ; the ibte of being bent, curvity, or crook- €dne& Arcuba LISTER, ^r-kii-b&lls-tilir. s. A cro&-bow man. Ardency, ^'d£n-s^. Ardour, ea- gemefs. Ardent, &r'd£nt. a. Hot, burning, fiery; fierce* vehexnent; pafltonate, affec- tknatc. Ardently, &t'd^^^-l^- ad. Eagerly,, affediooatcly. Ard^uRt &r'di!ir. s. (314). Heat; heat of afiedion, as love, ddire, courage. ARDuiTY)4r-d&'6-t^. s. Heighty diffi- culty. Arduous, ILr'jA-iis. a. (293) (37^). Lofty, hard to climb ; difiicult. Arduousnrss, ir'jA-ds^fis* s. (293) (376). Height, difficulty. Are, ir. (75). The plural of the prc- fent tcnfc bf the verb To be. Area, A'r^-ft. s. (70) (545) (534). The furface contained between any lines or boundaries ; any open furface. To a read, i-r^d^ t* a. To advife, to diredfc. Little ufed. Are faction, dr-r^fdk'(hi)n. s. The ftate of growing dry, the zA of drying. To Arefy, 4r'r^ fi. v. a. To dry. Arenaceous, &c-6*n4'£hl!is. a«,(527). Sandy. Arenosb, 4r-A-n6fe'. a. (527). San- dy. Arenulovs, d-r^n'ii-liis. a. Full of fmall fand, gravelly. Areotick, &-r^-6t'ik. a. {534)« Such medicines as open the pores. Argent, ir'j^nt.a. Having the white colour ufcd in the armorial coats of gentle- men, knights^ and baronets; filver, bright like illver. Argil, ^r^U. s. Potters clay. ARGiLLACEOust irJlM4%As. a. Clay-; ey, confining of argil, or potters clay. Argillous, ^rjirids. a, (514}. Con- fifiing of clay, «1ayifii. Argosy, Ar'gA-s^. s. (503). A large Yefielfor merchandice, a carrack. To Argue, ir'gft. v, n. (355). To reafon, to oiSer reafont ; to pcrfuade by ar- gument ; to difptttc* fit ;— n)6» m^t ; — pine, pin ;— Arguer, 4r^gi!uAr. s. (98). A^rea- foner, a difputer. Argument, 4r'gu-m^nt. s. A reafon alleged for or againft any thing ; the fub- jeA of any difconrfe or writing ; the con- tents of any work fummed up by way of abflra<5l ; controverfy. Arc u MENTAL, drgii-mdn'tal. a. Be- longing to argument. Argumentation, &r-gf>mln-ti'fhiln. s. Reasoning, the z€t of reafbning. Argumentative, ir-gA-men'td-tlv. a. (512 . Coofiilingof argument, contain- ing argument. Argute, ar-gAte'. a. Subtile, witty, iharp, fiirilL A&iD, ir'rid. a. (81 )• Dry, parched up. — See Arable. Aridity, a-rld'd^-t^. $. (511). Dry- ncfs, ficcity ; a kind of infenfibility in devo- tion* Aries, A'ri^z. s. The ram; one of the twelve figns of die zodiack. fToARiETATB, &-ri'^t4te. v; n. (91)- To butt like a rara. 0* I have, in this word, followed Dr. }ohn- fon, in placing the accent on the fecond fyi- lablc, and not on the firll, according to Mr. Sheridan, and Dr. Afli ; but I do not very well know for what reafon, unlefa it be that words of this terminatibn derived from the Latin generally preferve the ac- cent of the original. See ptinciplcs. No. 503» *• Arietation, iUrW-tA'flifin. s. The aS of butting like a ram ; the ad of batteriiig with an engine called a ram. Arietta, A-r6-^'td. s. (534). A fliort ^» ^f^ogt or tunc Aright, ft-rlte\ ad. (393). Rightly, without errour ; rightly, without crime ; rightly, without fatlmg of the end dcfigned. Ar EOLATION, 4-r^-6-]&'(hAn. s. (534}> Sooth-faying. To Arise, 4-rize'. v. n. pret. ttrofe, part, arifen. To mount upward as the fun ; to get up as from ileep, or from reft; to re- vive from death ; to enter upon a new fta- tion i to commence hoftility. Aristocracy, ^r-if.t^k1cr&-ft, s. That form of government which places the fupreme power in the nobles. Aristocratical, Ar-rlf-tA-krit't*- k&l. a. (544)* Relating to arifto- cracy. Akistocraticalnsss, Ar-rif-t&-kr&t'- t^kil-Q^t. fr. An ariftocratical ftate. . ARM m A R R — no, mdve, nor, nit ;— tAbc, lAb, b^iU ;— 611 ;— poind ;-./Ain, this. Aa/TH«A»CY,a-rWm4n-fd,s, A fore teSiDg of future events by nuznbcn. AfiiTHMBTiCAt, ir-l/i^raftt'ti-lciJ. a According to the ruka or metkodi of afith- roetick. .5»7)» ARITMMBTICALLV,4r-l/^m5t't^-kSl-W ad. In an arithmetical maoner. Arithmeticiam, 4-rW in^tifii'lb. s. A mafter qf the art of oumbers* A»iT«M£TicK, i-ii/A'm^^jIc. s. The idenoe of oombcrs ; the art of computation. it There is a fmall, hut a very geoeral devi- ation from accoracf io pronouncing thij "wwd, whiA lies in gi^isg the firft i the fcmiA o£ Ihort r, as if written m-etlmetick. As 1^ imccuwcy is but trifling, fi> it may be reaified vitkmt aay peat fingnhiity. Ark, 4rL reaches from the hand to the ihoul det; thfhrgchooghofatrcc; aninl€tof vmcrfranthefea; power, might, ttsthe icailararm. To Abw, hmu V. a.— See Art. To feniia with armour of dclbice, or wpapons ot obce; to plate with arty thing that any addibtagth ; to iumilh, to fit up. To Arm, Arm. t. n. — See Art. To caheams; to proride againft. AiMADA, ir.nii'd4. s. %ctLvmhago. Aoamtasiest ibr fea. Armadillo, kt-nA-dVLIb. s. A four- footed Buxml of Bralil. Armamimt, ir'ma.m&it. s. (503). Ananlfaree. Ahmatcae, Ar-mA'tfhire. s. (461). Amoor. AMEirriin, ir'mfe.rinc. (149). J ^ Bdoopngto a drove or herd of cattle. . Armgaukt, irm'gint. a. (214)* Slender IS die arm ; or rather, flendcr with Arm holi, Irmtile. s. The cavity Boder the ihsrider. Armigeroi/j, ir^d'jilr.iTls. a. Bear- mgarms- AtmiLLAjtr, Sr'mU.la-r*. a. Rcfcmb- J«g « bracelet.-* See Maxillary. Armillated, Ar'mil-la.tW. a. Wear- '^S^KK^tSy Abmwcs, irmOngz. s. The iame w:thwifle-cloth«fc ARMipiTtafCR, ir-m1p'6^tefc. s. i'weriBwar- (518). ARMii»oTFNT,ir-mip'A-t^t a. fligh- ty in war. Armistice, ir'md-ftis. s. (503 \ A Ihort truce. (14a). Araalef, irm'lit. s. Alittle.irm; a piece of armour for the arm ; a bracelet for the arm. Armoniak, ir m6'nA4k. s. (505). The name of a fak. Armorer. ir'm^T-Ar. s (^57% He that makes armour, or weapons; he thu dreifes another in armour. Armorial, dr-m6'r* il. a. Belong- faig to the arms or efcutcheon of a family. Armory, 4r'mi'ir-i. s. (557V The place in which arms are repofited for ufc ; armour, arms of defence; enfigns armo- rial. « ARMOUR,fcr'mAr. s. (314)- Dcfcnfive anna. Armour-bearer, ir'mAr-bire'dr. s. He that carries the armour of another. Armpit, irm'ph. 8. The boUow place , under the (houlder. Arms, krmz. s. ("^7). Weapons of offence, or armour of defence ; a ftate of hoftiliry ; war in general ; adion, the aA of Uking arms; the enfigns armorial of a family. Army, &r'm^. s. (482^ A coHeaion of armed men, ohligcd to obey their gene« rals ; a great numher. Aromatical, ir-b'jxAxft-VkX. > Aromatick, dr.6.mAt1k. (527;. J ** Spicy ; fragrant, ftrong ftented. Aromaticrs, dr-6.mdt'iks. s. (527), Spices. Aromatizatiom, ar-6.mat^.zA'fliAn. s. The adl of (centiog with fpices. To Aromatize, ir'r6-mi-tize. v. a. To fccnt with fpices, to impregnate with fpices ; to fcent, to perfume. Arosk, i-rAze'. (554). The preterite of the Tcrb Arxfe. Around, d-r66nd^ ad. Io a circle, 00 every fide. Around, 4-r66nd'. prep. (545). ' About. To Arouse, S^r66ze'. v. a. To wake from flejp ; to raife up, to excite. Arow, 4-r6'. ad. {s^s)- In a row, Aroynt, 4-rdlnt'. ad. Be gone, away. Arqurbuse, ir'kw^bfis. s. A han^ gnn. Arouebusier, ftr-kw^-biis-^^r'. s. A foldier armed with an arqnehufe. (270< Arracx, 4r-rik^ s. A fpiritaotK Kqnar. O A R R r82 ART (O^ (559)_Fite, fir, fldl, To Arriich, 4r-r4nc'. v. a. To fet a thing in order» in its place ; a prifoner is faid to be arraigned, when be is brought forth to his trial ; to aqcttfe, to charge with faults in general^ as in^ controverfy or in fatiuc^ Arraiokmcnt, Sr«r4ne'm£nt. s. The ad o£arcafgning, n charge. To AKHANGEt ^r-rinje'. v. a. To put in Uie proper order for any purpofe. Arrangement^ ir«r^nje'in^nt. s. The ad of putting in proper ordecj the ftate of being put in order. Arrant, ir'r&nt. a. (80 (82). Bad in a high degree. Arrantly, dr'rint-W. a. Corruptly, ihamefully. Arras, dr'tds. s. (8j) (82). Tapcf- try* Arraught, ir-r&wt'. ad. Seized by Tiolenoe. Out of ufe.. Array, 4r-ri'. .s. Drcfs; ovderof ' battle ; in law, the ranking or fetting in order. To Array, ir-r4'. v. a.. To put in order ; to deck, to drefs* ARRAYVRs,4r-ri'firs. s. Officers, who anciently had the care of feeing tht foldiers duly appointed in their armour. Arrear, 4r-rto^. s. That which re- mains behind unpaid, though due. Arrearage, dr-r^Vdje. s^ (90). The remainder of an4iocouBt. Arrentatiox, 4r-rdrf-t4^flidn. s.Thc licenfing an dwner of lands in the foreft to incloTe* Arreptitious, 4r-r^p-tlfh'us» a. Snatched away ; crept in priTily. Arrest, 4r-rM'. s. Inlaw, aftopor ftay ; an arreft is a veftraint of a man's per- fon; anycaptioi^. To Arrest, dr-t^R^ v. a. To fetze by a mandate from a court ; to feizeany thing by law; to feise, ^ lay hands on ; to withhold, |p hinder; to ftop motion. ARRifiRF,ar-r^£r'. s. The laft body of an army. Arrision, ilr-rizh'fin> s. (45 1)* A fmiling upon. Arrival, 4r-rrvM. s. The aft of coming to any place ; the attainment of any purpofe. Arrivance, ir-rl'vinfe. s. Company coming. ^ To Arrive, ir-rive'. v,n. To come to any place by water ; to reach any place by travelling ; to reach any point i to gain mi thbg ; to happcik fit J— m^, m^t ; — plnei pin ; — To A R rode, 4r-r6dc'. v. a. To gnaw or nibble , Arrogance, 4r'r6.gdnfe. 1 Arroganoy, 4r'i>6-g4n-si. J ^' The ad or quality of taking much tipon- one*s ftlf. Arrogant, ir'ro^int. a. {81) (82). Haughty, proudi Arrogantly, ^r'rA-gant-lc. ad- lit an arrogant manner; Arrogantness, Ib-'n^gibitpn^s. s. Arrog^ce. To Arrogate, ^r'r^-g4te. v. a..{9i). To claim vainly ; to exhibit unjoft claims. Arrogation, dr-r6-g&'ih(^n. s. A claiming in a proud manner. Arrosion, ar-rA'zh^n. s. (451). A gnawing. Arrow, ir'ri. s. (327). The pointed weapon whichis^fhot from a bow. ^ Arrowhead, ^r^rA-h£d. s. A water plant.. 'Arrowy, Ar'tA-fi. a, Confifting of arrows* Arse, kfCt. s. The buttocks: Arsb-foot, &rs'f&t. s. A Jtmd of water fowl. Arse-smart, irsTmirt. s. A plant. Arsenal, 3:r's^-nU. s. A rcpofitor)- of thingB requifitc to war, a magastoc. Arsenical, ^r-sto'^kiil. a. Contain- ing atfcnick* Arse NICK, &rfe'nik. s. A mmeralfub- CUince ; a violent corrofive poifon* Art, &rt. s. (77). ITic power of do- ing fomething not Uught by naiture wad. in- OtmA ; a fcicncc, as the liberal arts ; a tzsule ; artfiilnefs, (kill, dexterity ; cunning. 0^ As a before r, followed by a vowel, baa the (hort or fourth found, fo when it is fol- lowed bj^a confonant it has the long or fc* condfoufld. See Arabu, (^8t) (168). Arterial, ir-t^'r^Al. a. That which relates to the artery, that which is contained in the artery.. Artbriotomy, ir-t^r^-it'tA-m^ s. The operation of letting blood from the ar- tery ; th£ cutting of an artery, (518). Artery, Ar'tiir-6. s. {sS$)* An artery is a conical, canal, conveying the blood from the heart to all parts m xh- body. ^ Artful, a.rt'f&l. a. (174). Per- formed with art ; artifleial, not amtaral cutming, ikilful, dexterous. Artfully, &n'Kil-l^. ad ^ With art. ikilfally. A R T 18^ A S C » DO) mdrc, nor, not ; — tibe, tAb, bftll ;— 611 ;~pAind ;— ^i^in, thi&. AirFDL«£4s, anTid-n^s. s. Skill, AfTHKiTicK, ir-Mrk'ik. (509). \ Ahthritical, ir^Ark'*-kAl. j ' Gouty, rehtjog to the goat ; Pelsti^ to (405/ Artichoke, ir't^-tlhike, s. This pbat a very like the -thiftle, bat hath large kaif beads flipped like the cone of the pine tree. Abtick, ir'tik. a. properly Arctic. Nofthero* Article, kr'i^ kL a. (405). A part -of ^cch, Mtkc, 20 ; a ^gle-daiifc of an xccNHft, a particular part of any complex thing ; term, ftjpoiataoa ; point of time, ex- aft time* To Article, kt'U.kl v. To fiipiilate, to make terms. Akticvlam, ir-tjk'u-lib-, a. Belong- ing to the joibcsl ARTicDLiiTB. ^-tSk^A-litc. a. (91). Di&ia£t ; branched ont ioco articles. To Articulate, ir-tik'6-Utc. v. a. (91 ^. To fotin words, to fpcak as a man ; to^iaw ap in articles ; to nraikc terms. AKTicuLATtLY, ir-tik't-lite-l*. ad. InananiqiiatcvMce. ARTicyLATEwi«,ir.tik'4-litc-n&. s. 'fie ^nalfcy of being articulate. AHTicirLAnoM, i^T.tik-A-14'fliAn. s. The JBBdore, or joint of bones; the zA of femnng Words ; io botany, the joints in plants. Artiuce, ir't4.fis. s. (142). Trick, irand, firatagem ; art, trade. Artificcr, ar-tjpf6-sdr. s. (98). M artift, a laamufcrtrBfer ; iorgcr, a con- trtfcr ; adexteMQf or artful feUow. Art/ficui., krh't\n, a. {140). Something incomboftible* Asbestos, dz-b^s'tCis. s. (166). A fort of native foflile ftone, which may be fplit into threads and filaments, from one inch to ten inches in length, very nne« brittle, yet fomewhat tradable. It is en* dued with the wonderful property of »• maining uuconfumedin the fit e, which only whitens it. AscAAinssy iSkir'^-dhz^ s. Little worms in the redum. To A^eno, ^'^Ifidf. V. n. To mount upwards; to proceed from one degree of knowledge to another ; to Hand tiigher in genealogy. To Ascend* if-s^nd'. v. a. To climb ^ any thing. Ascendant, df-s^n'dant. s. . The part^f the ecliptick at any particular time above the horizon, which is fuppofed by af- trokigera to liavc great influence ; height, elevation; fuperiority, influence; one of the degrees of kindred reckoned upwards. Ascendant, 4f-s^n'ddnt. a. Supe- rior, predominant, overpowering ; in an af- troiogical fenfe, above the horizon. Ascendency, &f s^n'd^n-s^ s. Influ- ence, power. Ascension, af-s4n'(h^n. s. (45O- The ad of ^^dii^ or riGng; the viiible . elevation or our Saviour to Heaven ; the thing lifiog or sunisting* ASH 184 A SP (d^ (559).— F4tc, ar, fall, f^t;— m^ m^t;— pine pln;~ On (borct Ascension Day, af-sdn'fhi'iii-dd'. s. > 1*hc daj' on which the afccnfion of our Sa- viour IS commemon^d, commonly called Hoh 1 hurfday, the Thurfday but one be- fore Whitfantidc. As'".«f^5ivr, if-s^nViv, a. (158). In a ftate of afcent. Ascs fis^nt'. s. Rife, the ad of rifing ; the way by which one afccnds ; an cmincDFe, or high place. To A:>cEkiAiN, Jifsdr-tine^ v. a. To make certain, to fix, to eftabliih; to make confident. Asc^i-TAiNFR,&f-sdr-ti'n'5r. s. The perfon that proves or eftaWiflics. AsrERTAiNMEMT, fif-sfir-tAne'iii^nt. s. A fettled rule ; a (landard. AschTiCK.ai-s^t'ik. a. (909). Em- ployed wholly in exercifes of devotion and mortification. AscTFCK, ilf-s^t'ik. s. He that retires to devotion, a hermit. Ascites, af-si'tez. s. A particular fpccics of dropfy, a fwelUng of the lower bcLiy and depending parts, from an extra- vafMion of water. AsicuCAL. af-sic'c-kal. 1^ /.^-\ AsciTi.K 4s.sit'ik. 5^- ^5^7)- Dropfical, hydropical. AsciTJTious, af-s^ tifh'As. a. Sup- plemental, additional. , AscAiB.Hi.! , ^s-ikri'bS-bl, a. (405). That which may be afcribed. To Asau3K, a-kribe'. v. a. To attri- bute to as a caufe ; to attribute to as a pof- fefibr. Ascription, ^-krip'ftiiln. s. The ad of afcribing. AacRiPTiTious, af-krip-tifh'As. a That which is afcribed. Ash, &(h. s A tree. AsH-coLOURED, d(h'ki\l-drd* a. Co- loured between brown and grey. (s^2)* Ashamed, d-fhi'iudd. a. (359) (S^*)- Touched with ihame. Ashen, &(h'(hdn. su (103) (359). Made of afh wood. AsHE2,d(h'lz. s. (99). The remains of any thing burnt \ the remains of the body. AsH-WKDNESDAY» &fh-W^z'd4. S. Tlie firft day of Lent, fo called from the an- cienC cuHom of fprinkling eihes on the head. Ashlar, dfh'ldr. s. Free ftones as they come out of the quarry. AsHLERiNG, d(h1fir-lng, s. (SSS)* Quartcriog 10 garrets. A term in buil^g* Ashore, arfti^rc'. ad. on the land ; to the lUorc, to the land. AsHWEEO, aih'w^^d. $. An herb. Ashy, afh'6. a. Afli-colourcd, pale, inclined to a whitiffi grey. Aside, 4-side'. ad. To one fide j to another part ; from the company. AsiNARY, 4s's6 nl-ti. a. Belonging to an afs. AsiKiM E, is'si-nine. a. (149)' Bebng. ing to an afs. To Ask, d(k. v. a. (79). To petition, to beg ; to demand, to claim s to mquire, to queilion ; to require. Askance, l^.fl,^nfc'. j ad. (214} ASKAUNCE, ^ y Sideways, obliquely. AsKAUNT, i.fkant'* ad. (114). Ob- liquely, on one fide. AsKER. &fk'flr. s, (98). Petitioner; inquirer. AsKBR,41k'iV. s. Awaternewt. Askew, 4-M'. ad. A fide, with con- tempt contemptuoufly. To AsLAK e, a-flikc', V. a. To remit, to ilacken. Aslant, u-flint'. ad. (78). Oblique- ly, on one fide. Asleep, d-fl6^p'. ad. Sleeping ; into fleep. Aslope, 4-fl6pc'. ad. With decliTity, obliquely. A.SP, or Aspic K, Afp, or afplk. s A khid of fcrpent, whofe poifon is fo dange- rous and quick in its operation that it kills without a poflibility of applying any reme- dy. Thofe that arc bitten by it, die by fleep and lethargy. Asp, dip. s. A tree. Aspalathus, as-p4ra-/jfttJs. s. A plant called the wood of Jemfalem; the wood of a certain tree. Asparagus, fts.pdr'4-g&s. s. The name of a plant. ij3r This word is vulgarly pronounced S/>ar^ roxvgrafi. It may be obfervcd, that fuch words as the vulgar do noCknow how to fpell, and which convey no definite idea of the thing; are frequently changed by them into fuch words as they do know how to fpell, and which do convey fome definite idea. The word in queillion is ao i&ftance of it : and the corrupdoa of this word into SfarromrMfs is fo general, that q/f^ramu has an air of fttfiheft and pedantry. See I4AK- TBRH. ASP 185 ASP — no, vn^^vcy n6r, n6t;— -tibc, tiftb, bM j— 6il ;— pound i^tFm, this. Aspect, fts'pckr. s. Look, air, ap- pearance ; countenance ; glance, iricw, aA of beholding ; dircea takes away my trnil.'' And IB another place, ** Yon have an aj^^ Sir, of wondrous wifdom." '* The word afp^a^ yon perceive, is here ac- " cented on thcfrfi fyllable, which, I am ** confident, in any fcnfe of it, was never the *• cafe in the time of Shakefpearc; though it . *• may fomctioies appear to be fo, when we *• do not ob&rvc a preceding Slifion. ** Some of the profefl'ed imitators of our old *• poets have not attended to this and many •* other mmvtia : 1 could point out to you * feversl performances inthe refpe(ftive^j^/« ** oC Cliaucer, Spcoctr, and Shakefpeare, •• which the tmUaUd bard could not poflibly •• liavt either read or omilnied. " This very accextt hath troubled the annota- " tors on Miltoiu Dr. Bently obfarvcs it '* eo be a teir difierent from the prefont ufe." ** Mr. Maowaring, in his Trcatife of Har- *• moaj and mmiber8,very folemnly informs •■ Bs, that this vcrfc b defedive both in ac- " cent and qoamity. ** Um words here ended ; but his meek a/' « Silent, yet ^?akc,"—— ** Hoe, fiiyi be, a fyllabk is meuied and kng^ ^ iR^icreas it fliookl \itfi9rt voAjravedr ^ And a ftiU more extraordinary greBtkman, '<4Hie Cffeco,wfcopvbIifteda^%cciaMnof « Slowly dcfccndcd, and with right af» pt£l — ** Lcvcird his evening ray*." " Notfo in the nnu vtrfion : *« Meanwhile the fetling fun defccndin^ flow— ^ " Level I'd with afff^fi right his cv'ning rays." •* Enough of fuch commentators. — The ccle- •* bratcd Dr. Lte had a^/r//, who would " fomctimcs condefcend to correA him, «* when peccant in quantity : and it had been " kind of him to have a little alTiftcd the •• -wights above mentioned. — Milton affe<5l- " ed the antique; but it may fccm more cx- " traordinar)', that the old accent (hould be ** adopted in Hudibras." To Aspect, df-pckt'. v. a. (492). To behold. Aspfctable, af.p^k'ti-bl. a. (40c). Vifible. AspECTiON, Sfpdk'flu'm. s. Behold- ing, view. Aspen, as'p^n. s. (103). A tree, the leaves of which always tremble. AspFM, 4s'pdn. a Belonging to the afp-trce ; made of afpen wood. AspER, As'pur. a. (98). Rough, rug- ged. To Asperate, As'p^-rdtc. ▼. a. (91). To make rough. (j:;5* This word,and thofc that fuccecd it of the fame family, fccm to follow the general rule in the found of the i before r whtn after the accent ; that is, to prcferve it pure, and in a feparate fyllable.— See Piinciplcs, No. 555- AspERATioN, as-p(^-rA'fhiin. s. A making rough. AspERiFOLious, as p^r-^-fo'l^-iis. a. ^ Plants, fo called from the roughncfs of their leaves. Asperity, 4s-pdr'6-te. s. Unevennefs, roughnefs of furface ; roughnefs of found ; roughnefs, or ruggedncfs of temper. AspERNATiON,as pdr-nA'fhiin. s. Nc- gle<5l, difregard. AsPKROus, ds'p^-r(is, a. Rough, un- even. To Asperse, ds-p^rfc'- v. a. To be- fpatter with cenfure or calumny. Aspersion* ds-p^r'lh^iu s. A fprink* ling calumnyy cenfure. ASS ASS (O" (559)— Fi^tc, ar, £411, fat 5— in^> ni^t j— pbe, pm ;— a. (84). AspHALTiCK, ds-fal'tlk, Otinimy, biramioous. AsPHALios, ^fdl'tfis. s. A bitumi- nous, inflammable fvbftancc, refembling pitch, and chiefly found fwimming on the furface of the Lacns Afphakitc«, or Dead flea, where anciently flood the cities of So- dom and Gomorrah. AsPHALTUMt as-fil'tilm. s. A bitu- minous flone found near the ancient Baby- lon. AsPH0Dtt,is'f6-d^l. s. Day-lily. AsucK, ds'plk. s. . The name of a ferpeut. To Aspirate, ds'p^-ritc. v. a. To pronounce with fuU breath, as hope, not ope. (9Z.) AspiRATn,As'pi-Tite.a. (21 (394). Pronounced with full breath. Aspiration, 4s-p6-r4'ftifln. s. A breathing after, an ardent wifli ; the aS of afpiring, or dcfiring fomcthing high ; the pronunciation of a vowel with full breath. To Aspire, Hs-pire'. v. n. To dcfire whli cagcmefs, to pant after fomcthing higher ; to rife higher. Asportation, As-p6r-t4'{hiln, s. A carrying away. AsQiuNT, d-fkwint'. ad Obliquely, not in the ftraight line of vificn. Ass, ifs'^s. An animal of burden; a flupid, heavy, dull fellow, a dolt. To Assail, ds-s41e'. v.a/1 oattackin a hoiUlc manner, to affault, to fall upon ; to attack with argument or cenfure. Assailable, ds-s^li-bl. a. (405} That which may be atucked. Assailant, &s-sa'14nt. s. He that attacks* Assailant, 4s-84'lint. a. Attacking, invading. AssAiLER, &s-s4liir. s. (98). One who attadki «i)other. AssAPANiCR, 4s-si-pan'nik. s. The flying fquirrel. AssAssiM, ds-sis'sln. s. A murderer, one that kills by fudden violence. To Assassinate, &f-sAs's6-n4te. v. a. (91). To murder by violence; to way-lay, to take by treachery. Assassination, £s sds-s6-ni'Mn. s< The a6t of aflTaflinating. A^^sASSiNATOP, 'dS-sis'^-ni-tAr. s. Mtfderer, man-killer« Assation^ is sA'fhi^n. s. Roaftuig. Assault, ^-s^lt'. s. Storm, oppofed toiiip or itg^ ; violence ; inv»fioD, hojiility, attack ; in law, a violent kind of injury «£• fered to a man*sperfon. ' To AssAULT,as-silt', v. a. To attack, to invade. Assaulter, as-sMt'fir. 8. One who violently aflaults another. Assay, 4s-su'. s. Examination ; inlaw, the examination, of meafoxes and weights ufcd by the clerk of the market ; the fiitt entrance upon «ny thing ; attack, trouble. To Assay, as-s4'. v. a. To make trial of ; to apply t<>, as the touchftonc in aflay- ing metals ; to try, to endeavour. AssAYER, As-si'ftr. R. (9^^. An officer of the mint, for the due trial of filver. AssKCTATiON, &s-8^-ti'(h ^-«dv'^- >• V. a. rite. (91) (555). 3 To affirm with great folemoity^ as upon oath. A5SPTBRATinN4s-s£v-^-r4'{hfin.s. So- lemn affirmation, as upon oath. AsftHSADyis'h^d. s. A blockhead. AssiDOiTV, as-s^-dii'd-td. &. Dili- gence. Assiduous, ls-sld'j&-i\8. a. {2^^)* (376). Cosftant m application. AssiDvovsLY, is sld'j{i-dsl^. ad. Dr-- lonely, cootimially. AssiEfiro, hrs^isi'td. s. A contraA or coeventJon hetween the kings of Spain and other powers foe fumiihing the Spanish dominions in America with flaves. To AssiGNt is-sine'. y» a. To mark oot, to appoint ; to fix with regard to quan* tity or Tahiei to gire a reafon for ; in law, to appoint a depoty, or make over a right to another. AssfGJiABLE, ^-sine'ft-bl. a. That which may he aiEgped. AssfGNATiON, is-slg-n&'fhdn. $• An appoiocmcnt to meet, ufied generally ofkve ^pomtmescs^ a making over a thing to another. AssiciiEB> &s*s^-n^'. 8* Heth^^t is ap- pomtcd or deputed by another to do any a^, •r perCbrm any bnfioeisy or enjoy any com- modity. AssiGNca, iiS-A'n^. s. (98). s. Hethat AssiCKMEMTT, &S-4{ne'm^t» S. Ap- pointment of one thing wi^h ceg&rd to aqp- ther thing er perfbn ; in law, the deed by vihidk any tUng is transferred from one to another. As8lG]l8,as-smz^ $. Tbofe perfqps ta whom any ttuft is afligned. Iliifl is a Law term, and always nlcd in the pluraU As a legacy » left to a perlbn*s heirs, adniiniflra- tora, or^^w. Assimilable, is-slm'^d-bl. a. That wbjdi may he converted to the Dune nature with fomethiog^ dfe. To Assimilate, &s-$W^-Ute. v. a. (91'^. To convert to the iaihe nature with another dung ; to bring to t ltkene!s» or re- fimiUaace. AfisiMiLATiHEssy as-$lm'fn^l4te-n^s. s. Likeneis. bAll >— AU ;— .p6ftnd ;— 4iin, this* AssiMiLATioK, It-slm-mM&'Mn. s. The a^ of convertiiv any thing to the na- ture or fttbftance otanosbcr ; the (late of being aflimiiatcd ; the a& of growing like fomc other being. To Assist, As-sift', v. a. To hdp. As8isTAiicK,as*sis'dlnse. s. Help, fur- . therance. Assistant, &8-«ls'dnt. a. Helpings lending aid. Assistant, &s-sis't&nt. s. A perfon engaged in an affair, not as princTpai, but as auxiKary or minifterial. Assize, as-slze^. s. A court of judica- ture held twice a year in every county, in which caufes are tried by a. judge and jury ; an ordinance or ftatute to determine the weight of bread. To Assize, ds-size'. ▼. a. To fix the rate of any thing. Assizer, ^-sl'zdr. s. An officer tliat has the care of weights and meafures, AssociABLE, ds-s6'(h£-&^bL a. That which may be joined to another. To Associate, 4&-s6'{h^-Ate. v. a«* (91). To unite with another as a confede- rate ; Jto adopt as a friend upon equal terms ; to accompany. AssociATB, &s-s6'(hd-dte. a. (91), Confederate. Associate, ds*sA'fti^4te. 9. A part- - net ; a confederate ; a. companion. Association, ds-s6-{h^.A'fbAn. s. Union, conjun^ioo, fectety; confederacy; partnership ; cotme^ion^-^Sce PaoNONCi- ATZON. Assonance, us's6-nftnie. s. Refn-ence of one found to another refembHng it. Assonant, 4s's6-niat. a* Refembling another fonnd. To A s sort, is-sdrt'. y. a. To range in daffies. To A.ssot, is*s6t'. V. a. To mfaltiatc. To Assuagr, df-fwijc'. V. a. (331)- To mitigate, to foftefl ; to appeafe, to pa- cify ; to eafe. Assuagement, fis-sw4je'xndnt. s. What tnkigates or foftens^ AssuAGER, &s-s«'&'ji'^r. 8.(98). One who pacifies or appeafes. AssuAsivE, ds-sw4'slv. 3^(158) (428}. Softening, mitigating. To As30Bjt7GATt, 4s»sdb'j(i-gite* ▼. a. To fnbjed to. (91). AssuEFACTioN, ils-sw^-fUc'ihJ^n. 8. The ftate of being accuftomedv AssuETUDE, 4s'sw^t4dc. 8. (334-) Accufiomance, cnftom* AST 188 AST Q^ (559).— FAtc, ar, f^, fit ;— m^, mSt ;— pine, pin ;— To AssoME, 4s-s4me'. y, a, (454)* To take ; to ukc upon on«:'« .ftdf ; to »rro- gatfi, to claim or feizc oojuftly ; to fuppofe fomething without proof) to appropriate. 0^ Why Mr. bherid^ ibould pronounce this word and the wprd to^imv^without the iK,and frefume and refume^'SA iJF writtcn/rntAoow and rezbpom, h not eafily conceived; the/ ought to be aipirated in all or none.— ^ee Princi- ple, • 454) (.478) (479)- ^ ^ As s u M B R , is-si'mftr. s. { 98 ). An ar- rogant man. Assuming, iss^i'mlng. particip. a. Arrogant, haughty- AssuMfsiT,as-sy\mMt.s. Avoluntary promife ma4c by word, whereby a num uketh upon him to perform or pay any thing to another. ' Assumption, &s-sdm'(hAn. s. The aft of takingr any thing to onc*8 felf ; thefuppo- fltion of any thing without further proof; the thing fuppofed, a poftulate ; the taking up any perfon into heaven. Assumptive, ds-siim'tlv. a. (157) That which is aflumed. Assurance, ifh^hu'rdnfe. s. Certain expe^tton ; fecure confidence, tnift; free* dom from doubt, certain knowledge ; firm- nefsiundoubting flea(finefs;confidence,want of modesty ; groand of confidence, fecurity given ; fpirit, intrepidity ; teftimony of cre- dit ; convi^ioD ; iniurance. To Assure, ith-lhiire'. r. a> (175) To give confidence by a firm promife ; to iecure another ; to nuke confident, to ex- empt from doubt or fear, to make fecure. Assured, 4(h.(hu'rM, or &s-{h6rd. particip. a. (^59^- Ceruin, indubitable; certain, not doubting ; immodcft, vicioufly confident. Assuredly, &fti-(li6'r<&d*l^. ad. (564}. Certainly^ indubitably. AssuREDNES8,ftih.fh&'r6d-n£s.s.(365). The fiate of being affured, certainty* Assurer, Alh-fbu'riir. s. He that gives aifurance ; he that gives fecuxity to make good any lofs. Asterisk, as'td-rl(k. s. A mark in printing, as *. AsT E R 1 s M, as't^-rism. s. A conftella- tion. Asthma, 4ft'mi. s. (47 1). A frequent, difficult, and ibortrefpiration, joined with a biffing found and a cough. Asthmatical, iftmat'^-k&l. 1 AsTHMATlCRyafl-mat^k* (509}. J Troubled with an afthma. Astbrn, 4-ftdrn'. ad. In the hinder pan of the (hip, behind the ihip. To Astert, 4-ftfct', V. a. To terrify, to fiartle, to fright. Aston I ED, d-ft6n'6-5d. part. a. A word u(ed Unr aftonifhed. To AST NisH, 4s-t6n'ni{li- v. a. To confound with fear or i^onder, to amaze. AsroNisHiNGNEsSyuf- 6n'ni(h-ing-n^. a. Quality to excite aftonifliment. Astonishment^ af>t6n'l(h-in6nt. s. Amazement, confiifion of nund. To Astound, ds-toClnd'. v. a. To aflo- nifli,to confound with fear or wonder. AsTRADObs, i-ftrild'dl.- ad. (465}. With one*8 legs actofs any thing. Astragal, ls'tri*g&l. s. (503). A little round member, in the form of a ring, at the tops and bottoms of cohimos. AsTRAt, is'tr&l. a. Starry, relating to the ftars. aAstray, d-ftrA'. ad. Out of the right- way. To Astrict, 4f.trlkt'. v. a. To con- tcaA by upplication. AsTRiCTioN, df-trik'Mn. s. The ad or power- of contrading the parts of the body. AsTRiCTivB,4f.trik'tiv.a.(i58).Stip- tickv binding. AsTRicTORv, ftf-trik'tiir-ri. a. Aftrin- gent. Astride, &>{lrlde^ ad. With the legs open. AsTRiFERous, ^-trif^-ifis. a. Bear- ing, or having ftars. To AstRiNGE, &f-trlnje'. v. a. To make a coatra(5lion, to make the paru draw together. AsTRiNGENCY,4f-trln^j£n-s^. s. The power of contradUng the parts of the body. Astringent, ftftrin'j^nt. a. Binding* contrading. AsTROGRAPHY, 4f-tr6g'ri-Cfe. s. (5i8). The fcience of defcribing the ftars. Astrolabe, sis'tr6-Ube. s. An tnftni- meut chiefly vfed for taking the akitvde of the pole, the fun, or ftars, at fea. Astrologer, uf-tr61*A-jgicaf manner. ToAsTROtoGizE, df-ir61'6-jize. v^n. To prsAilie aflrology. AsTnOLOGY. al-tr'V6-j^. %. The prac- ^ce of fareteDing thii^ by the knowledge of die ftira. AsTaoMOMER, If-trWnA-miir. s. He thsi ftudies the ceiefttai motions. AsTAOHOMiCAL, ^-tr6>n6m'^ kll. (509). • Atr&owoMicKy ^-tr6-a6m'lk« Belong^ to iftrouomy. A%-Ti.oiioitiCA.LLY» ^-tr&-n6m'6 kAl* \k. a. l& an ailionomical manner. AsTftOsiOMT, lLf-tr6n'n6-zn^. s. A vnlsfA ffY^*}»fn\^\^\ iacDce* tcachioff the knowledge of thecdeikVal bodies, their m»g- nitndcj^ mmioiw, diftanrpt, periods, ecUpfes, and order. (518;. A s TR o-Tii£o LOG v.ai'tr6-/W-61A-j^. s. i>ivxnicf Ibfmded 00 the obfervation of the cckftial bodies. AsuND£&,^-sAn'ddr.ad. (98). Apart» iiepaffately, not together. AsYLUMt il-silihn. s« A fan^uary, a refuge. f^ IMuag cifl i&ew more pUunly the ten- dency of our laogsage to an antepeniiUIniate aodent than the Tolgar prononctation pf this word, which generaUy phces the accent on the firft fyilabk. This is however an un- pardonable offence to a Latin ear, which in fiib on preferring the accent of the original whenever we adopt a I^atin word into our own fangoage without alteration. — See Prtn- dples. Mo. 503. AsYMM ETtY, i-slrn'm^-tr^. S. Con- trariety to iyninietry, difjproportioQ. Asymptote, is'sim't6te. s. Afymp' foces are right lines, ^hich approach nearer and nearer to iomc carve, but which would fpr I have preferred Dr. Johnfon's accentual tkm OB the &il fylkbl^ to Mr. Sheridan*s and Dr. Aih*8 on the fecoad Asyiij»%t '«, ll-sln'd^-ton. s. A figure in grammar, when a eonjnndion copuUtive is omitted. At, it. r rep. At before a place notes the neamefi of die place, as a man is at l!he hoafe before be is in it ; At before a word fignifyiog time, notes the co-cxi(lenee of the time with the event; At before a fuperla- tive a^eAive implies in the ftate, as at moft, in the ftate ol moft perfedbn, &c. At iig^ ttifiesthe narcicalar condition of the peribn, 1 « , , ^ 1 „ % •aatpcaT; At fomctimes marks eitpIOy.pTOMY, &jf6.xn^. s. A « attentiott, as he is at work ; At |To AtON£» a-tone • y« the fame witii fimiflitd with, a a man at arms; At fometimes notes the phMfe where any thing is, as he it at home ; At fometimes is nearly the fame as in, noting fituation ; At fometimes feenu to ifignify in • the power of, or obedient to, as at yonr tu vice ; at all, in any manner. ATABAt, 4t'i-btK s* A kittdof uboor ufed by the Moors. Ataaaxy, &t't^-rlk-sA. s. (517). £»• emption from vexation, tran^nillity. Athanor, 4/i6'l-n6r. 9. 166). A dU geftiag furnace to keep heat for ibme tiinc. Atheism, k'if>^A(m. s. (505). llie , difbcHef of a God. ATHfcisTt 4'/A^i(t fl. One diacdenlei the exigence of God. Atheistical, &«/>&£-ls't^kil. a. Given toatheiim, impious. Atheistically, ^M-ls't!6-kiU£. ad. In an atheiftical manner. Athsisticalniss, 4-/^^ls't£-kil«n^» s. The quality of being afheiftiral, ATHEisTiCKy A-/M-is'cik. a* Given to tthcifiHj^ Atheous. 4VM«ds. a. (505). Athe- iftick, godkfi. Athbeoma, ^h^vb'mL s. (527}- A fpecies of wen. Athbromatousi fU^«^r6m'&-tds. a* Having the qualities of an atheroma or car* dy wen. ATHiR9T,i-/i^Arft'. ad.(io8}.Thirft7, in want of drink. ATHLETicK.ft/M^tlk. a* (500). Be- longing to wreftling ; ftrong of body , vigor* ous,la^,rohnit. Athwart, ft-zAwirt'. prep. Acrofs, tratifverie to any thing ; through. Atilt, d tilt', ad. With the adion of a man making a thruft ; in ' the pofture of a barrel railed or tilted behind. Atlas, &t'ld$. s. A coile<5tion of maps ^ a large fqaare folio; fometimes the fnpportj er of a building ; a rich kind of iilk. Atmosphere. dt'm6-stire, s. The air that encompaifes the folid earth on all fides. At M ' s p H E R 1 c A L, it- mo-sfi&r'^-k&l. a« Belonging to the atmofphere. At >m, at't'im. s. ( 166.) Such afmall particle as cannot be phyiSodly divided.; any thing extremely iinall. AtoMicAL, ^-t5m'^-k&l. a. Confifting of atoms ; relating to atoms. - Atomist, dt'tA-raift. s. One that holds the atomical philefophy. An atom, a. To agree, H ATT 190 A T T C> (S59).— Htf , ftr, ftU, fit i^m^ m^t ;— pinp, pin ;— Attaiht, 4t-t4nt'. to accord; to ftand as an equivakqc for fomcthii)^ ; to ^niWe^ for* To Atone, i-tine'. v. z. To expiate. AxOM^MfWTjii.tZinc'm^t* s. Agr«c«^ ai^t, a»vpr4; qQpi^txoo, capiatory equi- valent. * Atop, 4.0p'. ad. On the top, at the top. ATRi9ILARIAN,tutri-M-l4'l^4ll* a. Me]ai)chpl]r» (597J. Atqabilariovs, 4t.tr44)^-U'rMs. a. Id^lsLBchoUck. Atrabilariovsneis,! tt^tri-W-U'r*- ds-n^s. s. The ftate of being mdan- Atrambmtal, lt-ti4-jn&i't4La. Inky, Atramfwtous, it-trlewj^lvdDd6. Atrophy, it'tr6-ft. s. Waatofnou- riitunca^ a difealc. To Attach, 4t-t4tfli'. v. a. Toar- rcft, to take or apprehead ; to feixe ; to lay holdQu; towia; to ^lain over, to cnamoar ; to fix to one's intereft. ATTACHME^iT,tt4itfli'mint. s. Ad- herence, rcgardi* To Attack, 4t-t4k'. v. a. To a^ault an eiiemy ; to begin a conteft. Attack, 4t.t4fc'. a. Anaffauh. Attacker, 4t»t4k'ilr, s. (98). The perfim tl^ attach To Attaiw, 4t-t4ne'. v. a. To gain, to procure; to ov«rtake{ to come to; to reach; to equal. To ATTAiii,4t-t4nc'. v.n. To come to a certaiu ftatc ; to arrive at Attairable, it-t4ne'A-bl. a. That which may be obtained, procttrable. Attainablenbss, It-t&ne'd-bl-n^s. s. The quality ^f being attainable. Attainder At-tine'ddr. $• (98), The adk of attaiatii^ in kw ; taint. ATTAiK*iEWT,4t-t4ne'rodnt. s, TTiat which it attained^ acquifition; the aa or power of attaining. To Attaint, it-tint', v. a. To at- taint is particularly ufed for fuch »«Mav «a vacvH-HlAAij UJCtt EOT men aS ATC *^^ v* maauiiu )* Coret- onfnefs, iHfiKtiable defire. Avaricious, 4v4l-riih^A5. a. (292). Covetous. AvARicioir<y &t4-ri(h'Ai-U. ad. Covetoolly. AVAEfCI0U9MBSS, ^-A-TlQl'^ti^. S« The quaHty of being avariciottfi. AvAUET, fk'Vknt'. iflterjed. (if6). A word of abhorrence, by which any one is driven away^ Au^t7EMB, hw^ftr&v a. Browoi of a tan colour. AuCTioE, &wk'flidn« s. A manner of fale hi which one perfoR bids after ano- ther;. thi thtfig folf byt andB^n. AVE 192 A U G c:> (559)--^F4te» fir. aU, {it |— m^, m^t ;— ptee, pin j— Auction ART, &wk'flnin4.r^ a. Be- loogicg to an audion. AvcTiOMEER, &wk-(hfin-**r'* s. The peiibn that Hisnaget an auaion. (»75). AircTivB, ;.wk'tiv, a. 158). Of an incrcaiiog quality. Not ufed. AucupAiiON, &w.lci,pA'flifln, s. Fowling, bird catching. Audacious, iw^i'lhAs. a. (292)- . Bold, impndent. Audaciously, iw-d4'Ms-l*. ad. Boldly, impudently. ALnAciousNJTss, iw-d4'lhCis»nds. s. ■ Impudence. AuDACi . V, &w.d4s'4-t*. s. (511 ' Spirit, boldneft. AuDiBLt, iw'd^-bh a. (405 U That which may be perceived by hearing ; loud enough to be heard* Audible K ESS, 'Vd^.bl-nes. s. Ca- pablenefs of being heard. Audibly, iw'd^.bl A hearer ; a perfon employed to take an account ultimately ; a hinges officer, who, yearly examining the accounts of all under officers accountable, makes up a general book* Auditory, ^w'd^.tiV-rt. ^ '557). That whidi ha« the power of hearing. Audit or Y iw'dA-tur-r^. s. An a«- dience« a coUedion of perfoos aflembled to hear ; a place where lednres are to be heard. AuDiTRESS, 4w'd^^rts. s. The wo- man that hears. ToAvEL, i-v^r. v.a. To pull away. AvEMARY. A-v^-mi'r^. 5. A form of worihip in honour of the Virgin Mary. AvFNAGE ^ven-idjc. s (91). A certain quantity of oau paid to a landlord. To Avenge, ^-v^njc'. v. a* Tore- ▼enge; topuniih. ATrvG^ANCE, 4-T^n'j4nfe. s. (244). Puttifiuneot. Atbngement, 4-ytejc'niint. s. Ven- geance, revenge. AvBNOER, a-vlnjftr. s. Poniflier; Ttvenger, taker el vengeance. AvENs, av'^nz. s* Herb £en]le^ AvEMTURE, d v^n'iMrc. s. (461). A mifchancc, caufing a man's deadi, with- out felony. AvKNUE, iv'^-ni. s. (335) ($03). A way by which any place may be entered ; an alley, or walk of trees before ahonie*— - See Revenue. To Aver, a-vfir'. t. a. To declare pofitively, AvERAGF. 4v'ftr-ijc. 8. (90) (555). That duty or fcrvice which the tenant Jji to pay to the king ; a medium, a mean nip- portion. .-Averment, iyi^r'ment. s. Eftablilh* nient of any thing hy evidence. AvtRNAT, a-ver'nat. s. A fort of grape. lo .'^vERUNCATB, av-^r-illng'kiLte. V. a. To root up* ^ 91) (^r^S.) AT ION, av^-sAflnin. «. Ha- AvtRSAl tred^ abhoncncc. Averse, ^-vcrfe'. a. Mal?gn, not favourable; not pleafed with, unwilling to. AvF.iisELv, ^vcMt'i^. ad. linwil. lingly; backwardly. AiKR8tNt£8, a-verfe'nis. s. Unwil. lingnefs, backwardnef*. Avti'siON, a-v^r'lhi'in. s. Hatred, diilike, detcftatton; the caufe of aver- fion. To Avert, a-v^it'. v. a. To turn afide, to torn off, to put by. Auger, 4wg r. s. (98; (t66). A carpenter** tool, to bore holes with. Aught, kwt. pronoun. ,393). Any thing. (T^ This word is not a pronoun as Dr. John* fon has marked it, but a fobftaotivc. To Augment, &wg.m6nt'. v.a. To incteafe, to make bigger or more. To Augment, Awg-mdnt'. v. n. To incrcafe, to grow bigger. AuGMfaMr, iwg'm^nt. s. (49a). In- creafe ; ftate of increafe. Augmentation, iwg-m^n.tA'flifin. s. The ad of increafing or making bigger; the ftatc of being made bigger ; the thitig add- cd, by which another is made bigger. Augur, iw'gfir. s. (98) (166). One who pretends to predid by the flight of birds. To Augur, &w'g6r, v. tu Toguefs, to conje&ure by iignt. To Augurate, kw^gii-ridt. y. n. (91). To judge by ai^gniy. AuGURATioN> &w-ff4»r4^ihAjL s. The praAict of augury. A V O 193 A U 8 — no, mdve, xiAr, not i — tibe* tAb, AocpftsiLy 3iw'gfcr-Ar. s. (SSS)' Tbc tec with ani^r. AvGORiAi., kw-g&^r&-&l. a. Relating toangury. AuGORYf iLw'gA-rdr s. (179). The aA of prognofticadng by omens ; the rulet ob* liErWd by mogiirs ; an omen or predidion. August. ^w-g» iT-64ci'd&« s. A plant, — See L.VJIBAGO. To A^ocATB, Iv'To-Wtc. V, a. (91). To calla-way. AvocATioK, iv.T&4cA^fhdn. s. The aA of caffisg afide ; the bufinefs that calls. To Aroin, a-v^jid*. t. a. (299). To Aon, to efcape; to cttdeaTOv to fliun ; to evacuate, to qnix. To Avoid, a-v6ld'. v. n. To retire ; to becoBic Yoid or vacant. AvomiBLi;, d-v61d'4.bL a. That which may be avoided or efcaped. Avoidance, 4.v65d'dnre. s. The ad! of avoi£og ;the coorie by which any thing is earned off. Avoidsr. a-v6id'^. s, (98). The pedbo thai flms any thing ; theperfon that carries anything away ; the vcflel in which things are carried away. AvofDi^feiTs, &-T6idl^s. a. Inevitable. Avoiaoopois^ ftv-^*db-p6iz'. a. (ac»). Aland of we^ht, of vri^kh a pound comaiaafizteoft oonccsy and it in prapartkm t»>y9HATlKi7a» 17 to M- b611 ;—• &n f-*p^&nd ;— /^*n, this. AvoLATtoN,&v^.l4'aiAn. t. The fly. mg away. To A vouc H, i-v66t(h'. v. a. To affirm, to maintain ; to produce in favour of ano- ther ; to Tindicate, to juftify. Avouch, &•v6Clt^l^ s. (3X3)« Decla- ration, evidence. A VOUCH ABLE, ^v6(ttfli'4*bl. a. That may be aTouched. Avouch BR, &*v6iitfh'^r. s. He that avouches. To Avow, d.v6(l'. v. a. To juftify, to declare openly. AvowABLB, i-v6iLL'A-bl. a. That which may be openly declared. Avowal, &-v6ii'U. s. Juftificatory declaration. Avowedly, 4.v6(i'W-tt. ad. (364}* In an avowed manner. Avowee, 4v-6^-6'. s. He to whom the right of advowfon of any church be* longs. Avowee, ft-v6fi'Ar. «. (98). He that avows or jvftifies. Avowry, a-vo^'rA. s. Where one takes adiArefs,thc taker (hall juftify for what caufe he took it ; which is called his avowry. Avowsal, &.v6{i^zal. s. (442). A confeflion. Avowtry, &-vA{i'tr*. s. Adultery. AuRATE, iw'rite. s, A fort of pear. AuRELiA, iiw.ri'J64. A term iifcd for the firft apparent change of the eruca or maggot of any fpecics of inieds, the chry- falls. Auricle, &w'rfi-kl. s. (405). The external ear ; two appendages of the heart, being two mufcular caps, covering the two ventricles thereof. Auricula, &.w-rlk'i^.la. s. Bear's ear, a flower. Auricular, &w-rlk'&-ldr. a. Witliin the fenfe or reach of hearing ; fecret, told in the ear. AuRicuLARLY, 2iw-rik'u-14r-W. ad. In a fecret manner. Auriferous, kw.rirf&-rj^s. a. That which produces gold. Au RIG AT ION, &w»r£-g4'ihAn. s. The ad of driving carriages. Not ufed* Aurora, Iiw.r6'ri. 5.(545). A fpe- des of crowfoot ; the goddefs that opens the gates of day, poetically the morning. Auscultation, kwf-ki^l-t&'fli£in. s. A hearkening or Mcoing to. AvsFici, &wTpl$. s. (140) (142). The oiBcni of any future uDdertakJog drawn A UT IH A UT 0^ (559)*--F&tet Ar, fill* fit ;-^«)^, m^ ;— ] from bird*; protedion ; favour (bewn ; in- fluence ; ffood deriTed to ochert irom tlie piety of their patron. AuspiciAL, iw fplih'il. a. (192)* Re- lating to prognofUckt. Auspicious, &w-fplfh'^. a. (292). • With omcnt of fuccefs ; profperoua, fortu- aate; &voiirable, kind, propitious ; lucky, liappy, applied to things. AusPicioufiLYf ^w-fplfh'&sJ^. ad. Happily, profperoufly. AusPiciousNEsSy &W-rpUh'As-D^. 8. Profperity, happinels. AusTEKE, &w-ft^«'. a. Severe, harfhy rigid ; four of taftc, harih. AusTBRELY9&w-ft£re-l^.ad. Sevorely, rigidly. AusTEREMEss, &w-(l^'n^s. s. Seve- rity, flridnels, rigour ; voughneis in tafte. Austerity, kW-ft^r'A-tA. s. (511). beveritya mortified life, fiiidneft ; crueky ; harih difcipline« Austral* kws^tr^. a. Southern. AusTRiNEy kw&'trin. a. (140}. i»outhem. AuTHENTicAL, kw-Ziftdn't^-kH. a. Au- thcntick. (509.) Authentically, J^w./iJdn'tA-k4U^- ad* With circumfbnces requifite to pro- cure authority. AUTHRNTICALWESS, Aw-Zi&^n't^-kM- n£s. s. The quality of being authen* tic, genuincnels. To Authenticate, kw-4i>ia't^kitt. ▼. a. To eftabllfh any thing by authority. f^ I have inCnted this word without any precedent from our other DiAionaries ; but It is, in my opinion, fuffidently eftabliihed by good u&ge to give it a place in all of them. Authemticity, &w-/i(&i»tis'sM^. s. Authority, genninencis. Authentick, &w-/Mn'tik. a. That which has every thing requifite to give it audiority. Authemticklt, kW'tUxiftlk'l^, ad. After an authentick manner. Authenticknbss, &w-^Mn'tik«n&. s. Authenticity. Author, Aw'/Mr. s. (98) (418). The firft beginner or mover of any thing; the efficient, he that efie^s or produces any thing; the firft writer of any thing ; a writer in general. Authoritative, kw^Atr^^k'tit. a. Having^ doe aiitbdrity ; IttY&ig ad fthr d ta- tmmty. iC, pin ;.^ AuTHOaiTATIVBLYf iw-/Mrt-tA-tiv- \L ad. In an authoritative manner^ with a fliew of authority ; with due aatho- rity. Authoritativenrss, iw-lMr'^t^- tiv-^t^s. 8. AuthoritatiTe appear- ance. Authority, &w-M&r'*-td. s. Legal power; influence, credit; power, tnle; fiip- port, countenance ; teftimony, credibility. fy' This word is fometimes pronounced as if written Mutarity. This atteftcd prommcia^ tion is traced to a gentkoun who watMie of the greateft ornaments of the law,as weB as one of the politeft fcfaolors of the afe,aiid whofe authority has ben fufficient to fwsy the bench and the bar, though a» probation, be pronounced in Welhntnfter Hall, it would not be quite fo iaf e for an ador to adopt it oft the ftage. I know it will be faid, that mtoriku is better Latin, that the purer Latin never had the ^^ and that our Word, which is derived f^om it, ought, on that account, to omit it. But it may be obferved, that, according to the bcfl! Latin critics, the word ought to be written «anlferite#, add that according to this reafon* ing, we ought to write and prooounce mAv- rify and aaihr : but this, I prefume, is fai> ther than thefe innovators would chonfe to go. The truth is, fuch fingularities of pro« nunciation fliouldbe left to the lower order of aitics; who, like coxcombs in drefa, would be utterly unnoticed if they were not diftinguiihed by petty delations from the reft <^ the world. AuTHORtzATioHy&w./i^'r^zA'niAn. s. £ftablifiwicnt by authorit]^* To AuTKORizE, &w7M-ri«e. v. tu To give authoritf to any peifoo ; to mAc any thing legal; to ellablifli any thing hf authority ; to juftify, to provo a thing to be right; to give credit to any perfon or thing* AuTocRASY) kW't6k'tk*itt. s. 1518). Independent power. AuTOGRAPK, kw't&'grU. s. A paxtw cnlar perfon's own vrritaig, the originaL AuroGRAPiiicAi.r iw-td-gr&d-UlL a; Of one's own writinr. Automatical, ^W'tMnit^d-kll. a. Having the poW«t of moving ididl. AuTOMATOK,4w-tdia^&-t6ii. s. A; ma* ehiB< that hath th<(«iR^«f inoli«B 1' kfrlf. A W F igr AT — i>i, m&rt^ o4r, ndi;— rtbe, tAb, bUI ;— 611 ;— pAftad z^tMn, jn 11. i4rous« W^«€iViD'i445. a. H$r- r ID mkU ike iMwer ef inMsoa. (i«9). A I IT L , f . Ocular 4f Per- ad fri^rd by Ofli^'i AuTUMHAi-^ iw-t4m^ft«l* a* Belong- ing to AvoL&ioH, ivyfiVftiftfw u The aa of AUE> z-^ib.S. (478) (520J At/IJLJdil, 41T^^ (47^)' 3 IT' } A T. i-^rt'. T :i. To «pca. ' ' ift ftoro for- A . uih. X*'* "^» • * ^ • , a-vrii(r . v. a. To roufe wt tit i}r^p ; tanufc &om 3&j Itite rd<»v» Uts»g Ovrf ; 10 |iut loto new kIiou. To AvAKE* fi.-"w?4kc\ V, fi. To brdak AwAi^tt i*wikc'* B. Wiibotit fleepv To .\W4iCB, &*wilin* (to^). See To .aw4ftii» i-wird'. v, a. To ad^ jiM%c fo gtf« Nf;ss» &%vkVdrd^Qlf^ f. [iickfancc, WKDt of gcfitiliiy, clumSiirJk AwLt all. ft* A ptijmcd inilrvineq to bore holes* Aw LI 5 St Aw'l^s. a. Withont tcw< f enct I wilKvuc th^ power af e^ttfing i tcnce^ AwME« iwiB. i* A Dutch ine^fur anfwcring rn what iu Er>gldiid ui billed I tji^rc^, or ane^rcvcnth of an EngLljh tiiii* Awning, iw'nlrig- s. (410). A cove fprc^Ld over a boiic vr vc^ to keep nS ih wcathtr* AwQKt* k-whW* The pmctiie of Awakf. A won If 4*w^rk'- ad. (165). On workfiO a ftate of lItbQllf. AwDltKlSCt ti-wt^ik mg- ad. In the flue of working* AwRVt i'^i^ ad. (474). Noi ill 9 ftrtight djrcdiofTf oblh^uely i afqiiint, with j obhqut vifion ; not ifvcU uaevcnij \ fiefl c^uilJy bcewccii iwo pomtf ; fiot in i right (bte, psrverfcly* A X £ iki^ £ A n i n fl ru m en c conf lAi ng of a ntcul h«ad, with a fharp edge. AriLLAa, 4k£'ftll4S.r, 47S)- Bcltinging Co the 9rDipit*^-S(ce MAitfr*! LAKT. Alt 10 M, ak'ihftm. s (479). A propo- {tlion eTidciit it firA nghc< AiiSi dk'slf. £ The 1iTie» real or ir!iii|rin&ry, that paflVf through wnf thmgn«m j which k m&y revoLvc. AxL^i ^k'sL (401 )« The pin whicK paflei through the mtdft o£| tlic wheel, on wivieh the cireufnvohitioPiof j iht: whc^l arc perfomicd. Ay, kL ad. f lOf ). Yes. g^ Si?c Dire^ont ta Fordgtivrit prefi«<^ to BAG 196 BAG ^ (559) — ^**«» ^^9 fl^U ^*» — m*, mit ;— pine, pin;— ArSt iL ad. Always, to eternity, for ever. AvGREEN.il&'gr^^n. s. The fame with Avar, i'r^.a« See Aiar. Azimuth, iz^^-rndtB, &• The axi- muth of the fun, or of a ftar, it an arch be* tween the meridian of the place and any given tertical fine ; magnctical osiaiQtb, is an arch of the horlsoo contained becween thefan*6azinuith cirde and the mcgiictical meridian; azimuth compaia, ia .an inftru* ment ufed at (ea for finding the Cm** ntag* netical azimuth. Azure, 4'zh&re, a. (484) (461). Blne» faint blue. B B AA, b&, s. (77). The cry of a V. n. To cry like a To BkAf hi (heep. To Babble, bib1)l. v. n. (405}. To prattle like a child ; to talk idly $ to tell fe> cretf ; to talk much* Babble, hib'bL s. Idle talk, fenfelefs prattle. Babblsmen T,b&b'bl-2n^t . s. Senfelefs prate. Babbler, bib'blilir. s. (98% An idle talker ; a teller of fccrets. Babb, b4be. s. An infant. Babery, b4'bAr-rA. s. (SSS)' Knery to pleafe a babe or child. Babish, bA'bifb. a. Cbildilh. Baboon, b4-b66a^ s. A monkey of the largeft kind. Baby, b4'b6. s. vulgarly bSb'b*. A child, an infant ; a fmall hnage in imiution of a child, which girls pUy with. Baccated, bftk'k4-t£d.a. Befet with pearls. Having many berries. Bacchanalian, b&k-kft-n4'l^-dn. s. A drunkard. Bacchahals, b&k'k&-d[lz. f. l*he drunken feafts of Bacchus. Bax:chv8 Bole, b&k'kAs-bAle. s. A flower, not tall, but very full and broad leaved. BACciFejtous,b&k-slf£-rAs. a. (555). Berry-bearing. Bachelor, b&tfli'Mdr. s. A man un- married ; a man who takes his firft degrees ; a knight of the loweft order. Bachelor's Button, b4tfli'MArz< bdt'tn. s. (170}. Campion, an herb. BACHeL0RSHip,b4tfh'^-ldr-fhip.s« The condition of a bachelor. Back, b&k. s. The binder part of the body \ the outer part of the hand when it 11 flmc) the rear; the place behind; the part of any thing out of fight ; the thick part of any tool, oppofed to the edge* Back, bik. ad. To the place whence one came ; backward from the preiiient fka* tioii ; behind, not coming forward ; toward tilings paft ; again, in return ; again, a ic* cond time. To B A c K, b4k. V. a. To mount a horfe ; to break a horfe ; to place upon the back ; to maintain, co ftrengthcn; to juftify, to fupport ; to fecond. To Backbite, b4k1>lte. v. a. To cen- fure or reproach the abfent. Backbiter, b^k'bi-tdr. s. A privy ca- lumniator, cenfurer of the abfent. Backd. or, bdk'dore. s. The dooi be- hind the houfe. Backed, bdkt. a. (359)* Having a back. Backfriend, bik'frdnd. s. An enemy infecret. Backgammon. b*k-gam'ni"n. s. A play or game with dice aiidubies. ; 166.) Back- ousb. l>a.»^'hui*iic. s. . ne build- ings behind the chief part Qf the houle. Backpibcf, Kkpt^le. s. The piece of armour which covers the back. Backroom, ba.k'ra6m. s. A room be* hind. Backside, bik'slde. s. The hinder part ofany thing; the hind Jfiart of 'an ani- mal ; the yard or ground behind a houfe. To Backslide, bak-ilidc'. v. 0.(497). To faU off. 0* I have in this word preferred Dr. John- fon*$ accentuation on the fecond lyllaUe, to Mr. Sheridan's on the firft ; for the reafona fee principles under the number marked. J>r. Aih, Entick, 5GMt| and Perry, are on ,XJU B A F 197 B A K •* sAy Tn^TCy tk&Tf n&t; t&be» tl^b, biMI ^— ^U ;— -p^und ; — //^in^THis. Bafflvr. hXi'Mr. s. (98). He that Ac fide of Mr. Sheridan ; and Dr. Johnfon anii W. Johnfton only on thit which 1 have cbofea ; hut Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Afh, by markiog the noun kickjlider with the accent on the fecond fyllable, as it it always heard, have betrayed their prominciation of the verb ; for one of thefe modes ntuft be wrong, a» the verbal nbun mud nnqaeftiooably have the fame accent as the verb. BACKst.iDERy l>ik-fli'ddr. s. (98}. An apoftate. Backsta? r,bdk'fUr. s. An indniment ufeful in taking the fun*» altitude at fea. Bacsstairs, blk'ftdrz. s. The private SUin in the houfe. Backstays, bdk'dize. s. Ropes which keep the mail from pitching for- -ward. Backsword* blk's6nL s. A fword vrlch one /harp edge. BACK«r.4RD3> bdkV-ird'z, ad. (88). 'With tht back forwards ; towards the back ; on the back ; from the prclent ftation to the place behind ; regreilively ; towards fomething pad ; out of the progrcflive date ; from a better to a worfe date ; pad, in time paft. Backvabd, bdk'wilird. a. Unwilling, averfe; heiitstiag; flaggiih» dilatory ; duU, HOC qoick, or ipprchenfive. B AcitwAAD, bdkVdrd. ad. The tilings paft. Backwarolt, bik'wiird-K. ad. Un- wdlingly, averfely. BACKWARDNEss,b4kVi!ird-nds.s.Dul- iiefii, finggiflmc^ • Baoim, bd'kn. 8,(170). The flefliof a hog ^ted and dried. Bad, bid. a. Ill, not good; vicious corrapr; imfnrtonau, unhappy; hurtful, nnwholefome i iick. Bao&, bid. (75). The preterite of Bid. Badoe, bidje. s. (74)» A mark or cognizance worn ; a token by which one is known ; the mark of any thing. To Badge, b4djc. v. a. To mark. BADGBR^bld'jikr.s. (98). A brook, an animal. Badger,^ bid^^. s. One that buys eom uhd riAaak m one place, and carries it hito azsoeher. Baovy. bad'W. ad. Not well. Badhess, bad'nds. t. Want of good qoaltties. To Baffli, hiPfL V. a. (405). To baffles. Bag, bag. s. A fack, or pouch ; that part of animals in which fome particular juices are contained, as the potfon» of vipers; an ornamental purfe of filk tied to men's hair ; a term ufed to fignify quantities^ as a bag of pepper. To Bag, bag. v. a. To put into a bag ; to load with a bag. To Bag, bug. v. n. To fwcU like a full bag. Bagatellr, bag-a-t^r. s. A trifle. Not Englifh. Baggage, big'gldjc. s. f9o). The furniture of an army ; 1 worthlcfs woman. Bagnio, ban'yo. s. f388J. A houfe for bathing and fweating. Bagpipe, bAj'pipc. s. A muncal in* ilrument, condiling of a leathern bag, and pipes. Bagpipf R. bag'pi-pur. s. {98). One that plays on a bagpipe. Ba'l, bale. s. Bail i- the fieeing cr fct- ting at liberty one arrcded or imprifoned upon a«5lion either civil or criminal, under fecurity taken for his appearance. To Bail, bdle. v. a. To give bail for another ; to admit to bail. Bailable, bd'la-bl. a (405). That may be fet at liberty by bail. Bailiff, bi'lif. s. A luborJinate offi- cer, an officer whofe bufmefs it is to execute arrcfls } an under-fteward of a manor. Bailiwick, bdl^-wlk. s. The place of the jurifdidlion of a bailiff. To Bait, bate. v. a. To put meat to tempt animals. To Bait, b4te. v. a. To fct dogs up- on. To Bait, bite. v. n. To ftop at any place for refrelhment ; to clap the wings, to flutter. Bait, bite. s. Meat fet to allure ani- mals to a fnare ; a temptation, an entice* ment ; a refrelhment on a journey. Baize, bize. s. A kindof coane open cloth* To Bake, bike. v. a. To heat any thing in a clofe place ; to drefs in an oven ; to harden in the fire ; to harden with heat. To Bake, bake, v. n. To do the work of baking. Bakf HOUSE, bike1i6^ife. s. A place for baking bread. Baker, bi'kur. s. (98). He whofe trade is to bako* r B A L 198 H A C C^ (S59)-— l^^te, ftri Rll, flt ;~Tni, m^t ;— pine, p\tk ;— B^tANCB, blll^bfe. s. A patr of fcales ; the adt of comparing two things ; - the overplus of weight ; that which it want- ■ sog to make two parti of au account cvoa ; cquipoife ; the b^ing part of a watch ; in afironomy» one of the figns, Libra. To Balancb, Wllinfc. v. a. To weigh in a balance ; to cotrnterpotTc ; to regiilate an account ; to pay that which it wanting. To Balance, bM'Mlnfe. v. n. To hefi- tate, to flttfiuatc. Balancrr, bal'14n-fiir. s. The pcrfon ; that wcighjj. BAi,A88RuBy,b41'if-r&'b6.s. A kind of Ruby. Balcomv, bdl-Wh^. s. A frame of wood, or ftone, before the window of a room* Bald, b^wld* a. Without hair ; with- out natural corering ; unadorned^ inelegant; ftripped, without dignity. ^ Balderdash, biwl'dftr-d^fli.s. Rude mixture. pALDLY, b&wldl^. ad* Nakcdly^mcan- ly, inelegantly. ' BaldmonY) b4wld'mAn-n5. s. Gen tian, aplant. Baldness, biwld'nfis. s. The want of hair ; the loft of hair ; meannels of wait- ing. Baldrick, bSiwl'drlk. s. A girdle ; the sodiack. Bale, bile. s. A bundle of goods, Baleful, bile'fld. a. Sorrowful, fad; full of mifchicf . Balepully, bMc'fiil-K, ad. Sorrow- fully, mifchic^oufly. Bali, Wiwk. s. (402) (84). A great beam. Balk, b^wk. ?. A ridge of land left unploughe4* Balk, bawk. s. Difappointment when kaftoxpefted. To Balk, b^wk. v. a. (402). To dif- appoint, to fruftrate ; to mifs aoy thing. Balkem, bkw'kiirz. s. (98). Men who give a fign whidi way the (hoai of • herruigfris. Ball, b4wl. 8.(33) (77)' Any thing made in a lennd form ; a round thing to play with ; a globe ; a globe borne as an cnfign of foYereifpity ; any part of the body that approaches to roundneft. BALL,biwL s» An cntertainnient of dancing. Ballad, ball&d. s. A fong. Ballad-singer, bffllid-sing-fir. s. One whofe employment is to fisg baHa<& iar thcftreeti. Ballast, bill^ft. s. (88). Somethings put at the bottom of the fiitp to keep it ika* dy. Ballbtte, bdlldt. s. . A dance. Balloon, b&M66n'. s. A laree round (hort-necked veflel ufisd in chymiSry s a bad! placed on a pilfer; a ball of pafteboard, Chif« fed With combuftible matter, which is flioc up into the air. and then burfts ; a large hol- low ball of filk filled with gas^ which makes it rife into the air. Ballot, bUIAt. s. (166). A little baH or ticket ufcd in ^viog votes; the aft of voting by ballnt. To BALtoTjbaiflt, T. n. To choofc by ballot. Ballotatioic, MlJA-ti'fhftn. s. The ad of voting by ballot. Balm, bftm. s. (403). The fap or juice of a Ihrub, remarkably •doriferous; any vahiable or fragrant ointment ; any thin^ that fooths or mitigates pain* BALMyb^m.s. Thenameof aplaxit* Balm of Gilead» \Am of gll'yid. s^ The juice dffswn.frooi the balfiun tree; «. pUnt having a ftfoogbaUalntcfoenc Balmy, b&m'A* a. (403). Hiving the qualitfcsof bafan; producing babn; fbolfaisg* foft ; fragrant, odorifeiCnis ; mitigathig, af-- fuafive. BALNEAEY,b41'nA-4-r6.$..A bathing* Balneation^ b41-n£*&'fli6n. s. The vuEt of bathing.. . Balnbatory, bil'n^A-tAr.rt. a. Be.- longing toa bath. (5i») isS7)' Balsam, bkwl'Rkm. s,(88). Omtment, unguent. Balsam Apflk> bitwlTiim-ap-pL $• An Indian plant. BALeAMicAL,b41-s4m'^.Wl. (S4). > BALSAMicic>WLl-sto'lk. (509)» > a. Unduous, mitigating. BALUSTBADP.,bdl-flf-trAde'. s. Rowv of little pillars called baluftfrs. f^'h'u word is often corrupted into baniftert ,. as the bafiifters of a ftaireafe. • Baluftrade means the row of fmall pillars fiip- porting the guard of a ftaircafe, taken col* fedively ; as a colonnade means a oolledim of columns in regular order ; bnt,befidea this cbUedive term, there i* the diftribative B»- lufters ; meaning cither the whole hi the bahifttode, or any part of k ; as «adi of the fmall pillarslbtt compofe It tnarbedOMa bihiftcr. B A V I9d BAN — nb^jaa^n, nAr, n^t i^tAb«» t4b, kill ;--dll j~p6ftnd ;— ^i^in, this. ^AMsoOf bam-bid'. s. An Indian plant of the rced kind. To Bam^ooilk, bdm-b^d. v. a. To decoTc, to impede opon. A low. word. BA11BOOZ1.BR9 b&m-bdd'di&r. s. A B4»> baa. s. Public notice given of any thing ; a cvrfe ; cxcMnmamcatioo ; in- UX^^dotki Ban of the Empire, 1 public cenfiirc by which the privileges of any Gci- man prince are fui^nded. Bam AMA Ta£e, bi-ni'iii-tr££. s. Plan- tain. BAVDvbtnd. fi. A tytf a bandajge, a <3baan hy which any animal is kept in re- ftrunt ; any mion or connexion ; any thing boandroD&d another ; a company of perfons joined together ; a pwtkidar kind of neck- cloth worn chidly by the clergy ; in ardii- te^ure, any flat km motlding, fada, face, orplisch. To 3am», biad. r. a* To unite toge cber into one body ar tfoop; to hind over with ahood* BA«DAOE,binMldje. s. (90). Some- tlung bonndover another ; the fillet or rolp ler wnqpi^ over a wounded member. I^AHvmuh b4nd1)6ks. s. A flight box niied for bands atnd other things of fm^ll wc^hc* Basuelst, bin'dtAiu 8« Any .flat moiiJdiiy or fiUef . Bandit, bdn'dlt. 1 ^ a ^ ^„^ lawed robber. 8AN0ifTi,ybEi'«ilt't6. s. A company of outlawed robbers. Bah DOG, bdn'd6g. .s. A roaftiff. BAMDOLKiifta,bdaJ6-lMrz\ s. Small wooden cafes covered with kather, caeh of them oootaaung powder that is a fufficient cfaaige for a mnlket. BAHDftoi., Ubd'rAU. s. A little flag or BAiinv, b^'d^. s. A club tnraed raund at bottom for llrddng a ball. To Bandy, b4a'd^. v. a. To beat to a^d fto^or from one to another; to give and takereaprocifiy ; to agitate, to tols about. BAmDYhBOfMA'dibA^g* s. Aorooked £AND7i.BaoED,Ub'd^l^d. a. Hav« mg crooked legs. (3^)« Banb, bAne. s. Poifon; mifcbief^ To Bani, biLne. r. a. To pciisbn. BAagfiiH Mae'f&L »• Poiibnout ; do- BANEFULiiKss,bAne'ftl.n^s.s. Pbifon- oulhefs, defiruai^encis. Banewort, bAnc'wdrt. s.(88). Dead* ly nightihadc. To Bang, b4ng. v. a. (409). To beat, to thump ; to handle roughly. Bang, bing. s. A blow, a thump. To Banish, bin'nifk. v. a. To con- demn to leave his own conuiry i to drive away. Banish ER, bin^nifli-Ar. s. He that forces another Arom his own ooontry. BANishMfcNT, bin'nlfli-m^nt. s. Tbe aA of bancflung another 1 the Hue of being baniihed, caile. Bank, b4nk. s. (409). Tlie earth ru fing 00 aach fide of a water ; any heap of e^rth piled upt a beach of rowen ; a place where money is laid up to be called /or oc- cafionally ; the eampany of perfons concent ed in managing a bank. To Bank, bdnk. v. a. To lay up mo* ney in a bank ; to inclofe with banks. Bank-bili., bdnk'bilL s. A note for money laid up in a bank; at the fight ol which the money is paid. Banker, bdnk'&r. s. (98). One that traflicks in money. Bankruptcy, b&nk^h!kp.s<^. s. (473)* The fiate of a man broken, or bankrupt; the aA of declaring onc*s felf bankrupt. Bankrupt, ybk'rilpt a. In debt be« yond the power of payment. Banner, bftn'n^ir. s. (98). A flag, a fiandard ; a ibeamcr borne at the end of a lance. Banneret, bdn'nAr-^L s. A knight made in the field. Bannerol, b^n'nAr-r611. s. {SS5)» A little flag or ftreamer. Ban N IAN, b&n-yin^ s. A man^s un- dreis, or morning gowa. Bannock« bin'nJkk. s. (166). A kind of otten or peafe-meal cake. BANQykT, b4nk'kw^t. s. (408). A feaft. To Banquet, bank'kw^t. v. n. (409)« To feaft, to fare daiatily. Banc^u eter, bink'lcw6t-ftr. s. A feaft- cr ; one that lives delicioufiy ; he that inake* feails. BANoyET-irouEB, bink'kw^t- h&6fe. BANQUETING-itOVflSi b^Dk'kv^t- ing4i66fe. A««fi»iMif^ki^oM«»lfiqF* }■ BAR 200 B A R (Cjr (559). — Tkttf fir, fill, fit ^— m^, mdc ;«-pin€, pin ;-^ Banquet re, bdnkk£t\ s. A fmall bank at the foot of the parapet* BANsri LK, hdn'ftik.ki. s. {405). A fmall fi(h, a ftlc]det»ack. To Ban rtK, bin'tAr. v. a. (98). To pldy upon, to rally. Banter, ban'tAr. & Ridicule, rail- lery. B.>. sERsiL, b&n^tAr-iir. s. Ooe that badtcn. B^wciNO, bintllrg. &. A little child. Ba? I i8M,bdp'tlzni. s. Baptifm is giv« . CD by water, and that' prefcript form of words which the church of Chrift doth ufe ; baptifm is often taken in Scripture for fuf- feringf. B^PTrsMAL, bip-tlz'mil. a. Of orpcr- talning to baptifin. Baptist, bip'tift. s. He'thatadminif- tcrs baptifm. Bapti'stbry, bftp'tlf-tiar-i 8, (555). The place where the lacramcDt of baptifm is admiaiftcred. Tn bAPTisu. bap-tize' v. a. To chriflen, to adminifter thsiacrament of b^H tiim. BA?'risp:R, bAp-ti'zi\r. s. (98), One that chriilea«» one that adminifters bap- tifin. BAk.bir. s. fyj), A piece of vrood ' bid acrofs a paflage to hinder entrance ; a bolt to faften a door ; any obftftcle *, a rock •or bank at the entrance of a harbour ', any thing nfcd for prevention ; the place where canfes of law are tried ( an indofed place in a tavern where the honfekeei^er fits; in law, a peremptory exception againft a demand or plea; any thing by whidi theilrudure is held' together; ban in moiic, are ib'okes drawn petpend£ik6pe.s. An in(lni« ment to fhev tbe weight of the atmof* phere. Barracan, blr^r^kin. s. A drong thick kind of camelot. Barrack, bii'rik. s. Building to lodge ibldicrs. Barkator. bir'rd-tiif s. A wrangler, and encourager of law fuits. Bahra'try, Ulr'r4-cr6. 9. Foul prac- tice in bw. Barrel, biVrll. s. (99). A round wooden vclTel coke ftoppcd dofe ; a veflcl containing Ikjuor ; any thing hollow, as the barrel of a gun ; a cylinder. To Barrel, yir'fil. v. a. To put anf thing in a barreL Barren, bir'Tdn. a. Not prolifick ; un- fruitful, not fertile, fttt-ile; not copious, fcanty ; unmeaning, uaiiiventive, dull. Barrenly, b&r'ien-l^ ad. Unfruit« fully. Barbenness, bftr'ri&n-n^. s. Want of the power of proacation; unfniitfuJncis, fterility ; want of invention ; want of mat^ tcr ; in theology, want of fenfibility. Barr£nwoht» bur'r^n-wdrt. s. A plant. Barrful, b&r'Pill. a. Full of obftruc- ■ tions^'properly Ba a ruL, Barricade, ba-ri-kide'. s. A forti- fication made to keep off an attack ; apy ftop, bar, obftru^on. To Barricade; bir-r^-kade'.v. a. To ftop up a paffage. Barricado, bAr-ri-k4'd6. s. A forti- fication, a luir..— ^cc Lumbago. To Barhicado, h&r<^'kk^\ ▼• a. To fortify^tobar. Barrier, bir'r^dr.E. (98). A bam- cadc, an entrenchment ; a fortification, or ftropg place i ailopyia ob&i?i^on ; a bar BAR 202" B AS flC^ (559) — Fit«» fSit, PjlU, fdt }-^m^ si)& ;-r-plne, pin;r-<- to mark the limiu of any place ; a bound- ary. f^ Pope, by the licenfe ot his art, pronouuced this word in two iyllablct, with the accent on the iafi, asif written bar^reer. " "Twixt that and reafon what a nice barrier/ •* Foi ever fcp*rate, yet for ever near." £Jay on Man, -5/». i. ▼. ai5. And yet in another part of his works he places the accent on the firft fyllable, as we always hear it in profe. *' Safe in the love of Heav*n an ocean flows " Around our realm, a harrUrftom the foes." BARHrsTER, bar'ris-tiV. s. A perfon qualified to plead the caiifes of clients in the courts of juftice. Bar.« felves; but it were to be wiihed they had Isept this diftindion into acute and grave out of our own language, as it is impoffible to annex any dear ideas to it, except we confider the grave accent merely as the ab- fence'of the ac«te» which reduces it to no accent at all. If we divide the voice into its two leading inflexions, the riling and falling,, and call the former the acute and the latter the grave, we can annex diftin^ ideas to thefe words : and perhaps it is an ignorance of this difiio^uMl of fpeaking founcb, and confounding them with hi^ and low, pr loud and foft, that occaiions the. confuiion we meet vrith in writers on this fubjed. — See EUmemts 0/ £Uciit$oM,'ptge 6o. Alfo obfervatlons on the Greek and Latin Accent and Quantity, at the end of the K^ to ibe CUMcal Fnmuticlutkn 9/ Gredt tuidLatm Proper Namex* BASfit b4ie a. Mean, vilei worthlefs i difingenuous, illiberal, ungenerous ; of lofvr ilation, of mean account ; bafe>b9rtt, bom out of wedlock; applied to metals, witfacat value \ applied to founds, deep, grave. Base-born, bAl'e'bdrn* A. Bom out of wedlock. BAsif-couRT» biie^&rt. s. Lower court. Bask-mindbo, b&fe-mind'M. a« Meaa fpirited. BASk-viOL, bife^vl^Al. s. (x^). An inflrmnent ufed in concerts for the bale found. Bask, bAfe. %,^ The bottom of any thing; thepedeftalof aftatue; the bottom of a cone ; dockings ; the place from which racers or tiltcrs run ; the ftring chat gives a bafe fiound ;. an old niftick play. Basely, b4fe'l^ ad. Meanly* dis- honourably ; in baftardy,as bafeb^boro- Ba s K N c s s » b4fe'n^8 . s. Nleannefs^ vilenefs ; vilenefs of metal; btftardy, deep- nefs of found. Bashaw, UUh-iw^ &. Among the Turks, the viceroy of a province. BASHFUL,b^wTiU. a. Modeft»(hame* faced, fliy. Bashfully, bdfliT&I*!^. ad. Timor*. oufly, modeftly. ' Bashfulnbss^ b&(li'f£il-ni&£. s. Mo- delly, fooliih or ru(lic fliame* Basil, bUz'il. s. The nameof a plant. Basilica, bi-zU'^^kl s. The middle vein of the arm. BASiLicA»bd-zir£-k&, s. Tliebafdick vein. Basilick» hil*zilllk« a. Belonging to the bafllica. Basilick, b&.zinik. s. ThebafUick vein ; a large hall. B A SI Li KON, bi-zll'^-k&n. s. An oint- ment called alfo tetrapharmacon. Basilisk, biz'^ liik. s. A kind of ferpent, a cockatrice, faid to kill by k>okiD|^. He is called Baiili(k, or little kine, from a comb or cnll on his head; a ijpecies of can* non. Basin, b4Tn. s. (405 )• A fmatlTer- fel to hold water for warning, or odier nfes ; afiatf pond} ap«rt«r the icaiUoM:iD B AS 20$ BAT -^ xAf mAYCf tAt, nAt ^-^-tftbe* tdb, b&D ;-^n |'«>*p6&ad ;-^tt]i« this. ndb; any hnllow phce capadous o£ Kqoids; a dock for repairing and building fliipt; fia- Sm of » balance, the fiune with the foJet. iisis, bi'sls. s. llie foundation of any thing ; the lowcft of the three princi- pal parts of a coloms ; that on which any thmg k raifc4 ; the pedcfial ; the ground- To BA5K,bdfk. T. a. (79). To -warm bykyiDg out In the heat. Bask, bsiik, v. n. To lie in a place to recei^re heat. Basket, b&s'kh. s. (99). A veflel tviade of twigs, roflies, or fplinters. %AS&T.T-H1LT, bis'kit-hllt. S. (99). A hih cf a weapon to made a* to contain die whole hand. Basket-vomah, Wfs'Wt-w^ni-fln. s, (166). A woman that ptiet at market with A ba&ct. Bass, bife. su properly Bas^« In aittiiCy grarey deep» Bass-tioi., bskiewTl'iil. s. (166). Sec BAaV-^lOL. Bass, bis. s« A matnfed in churches. Bass-&klief, bfts'r£-MP. s. .Sculp- ture, the figares of whkh do not ftaod o«t Drain the giomid in their fiiU proportion. Basset, bts'slt. s. (99}« A game atcar^ BAssoojf, b^.sddn\ s. A ma/ical inftmnent of the wind kind, blown with a rcc4. Basta&d, bis^tUrd s. fS8\ A per* fiao born of a wooann ott of wedlock ; any ♦king feonotti. Baatasa, 1^'tlrd a* Be^ttenout of wedlock; fpnriovs, fqppofitaioaa, adiil- tetace- To Bastaadizs, b^'tdr-dize. v. a. To coDvid of be^ » baftard ; to beget a baftard. Bastaadlt» bls'tftrd-U. ad. In the manner of a balbrd* Bastaadt, Us'tlr-d^. An unlawful ilate of birch, which difablet a child from fecceediBgto an hihcritance. To Baste^ b^fte. V. a* To beat with a itisk p to ^ip bitter opon meat on the Cfit; toStfwOAtlf, BASTitfAoe, bis-t^nAde^ Bastiiiado bis-tA-n4'd&- The aa of beating with a oidgel; a' StUWiilhmenf of beating an ofleodcr on his feet. To BAsnvApst b&s-t^Ade^ 1 To BASTnADo^ b^s-tft^'tfi. j To hcip««6ee LtrksAOO. 1; a Turk. v»a. BASTtOMy b^s'tfli'^n. s. (391). A huge mafii of earth, ufaally faced with ibd», ftanding ovt frcfii a rampart ; a liui- wark. Bat, bdt. s. Aheavyftick. Bat, bUt. s An animal having thr body of a moufe, and the wiogs of a bird, not with feather*, bat with a iort of ikin which is extended. It brings forth its yoang as mice do, and fockles them. Bat-fowling, hat,'f6iLi-llng. s. Bird- catching in the aight-time. Batabls, hytkJbl. a. (405). DiA pouble. Batable gronnd fcems to be the ground heretofore in queAion, whether it belonged to England or Scotland. BatcHi b&tfti. 8. The quantity of bread baked at a time ; any quantity made at once. Bats b^te. s. Strife» contention. To Bats, bite. v. a. To leifcn any thing, to retrench \ to fink the price ; to leflen a demand ; to cutoff* Bateful, bite'iiU. a. Contentioas. Batbmbnt» bite'm^nc. s. DimisO' tion. Bath, hhib, s. (78). A Bath is ei- ther hot or cold, either of avt or nature ; a veflel of hot water, in which another it placed that requires a fofter heat than the naked fire ; a fort of Hebrew meafurCfCoa* taming feven gallons and four pints. To Bathe, hiuSc. v. a. (467). To waih in a bath ; to fupple or foften by the outward application of warm liquors ; to wafii with any thing. To Bathe, hi^ht. ▼. n. To be in the water. BATiNOy b&^clag. prep. (410). Ex- cept. Batlet» bttl^t s. A fquare pi^ce of wood nfed in beating fiocn. Batoom, b4-tWn'. s. A ftaff or dub ; a truncheon or marlhal's ftaE Battailous, bit'ti-Ws. a. Warlike, with military appearance. Battalia, biMAle'ya. s« (27a). The order of battle. Battalion, b&t^'yAu. s. (271). (507). A dhrifion of an army, a troop, a body of forcea ; an army. ToBattbw, Wlt'tn. v. a. {103). To fatten,' to make bt; to fertilise. To Batten, Wlt'tn. v.n. (103). To grow lat. To BatVbe, Wlt'tAr. v. a* (98). To beat, to beat down; to'wesr with beating; to wear out with farrioe. B A W S04 B E ^ Batter, blt'tfir. s. A mixture of fe- veral iDg;redients beaten together. Batterer, b&t'tdr-r&r. s. He that Intten. Battery, bat'tAr-r*. s. (555). The adt of battering ; the inilruments with which a town it battered ; the frame upon which cannons are mounted; in law, a vio- lent flriking of any man. Battle, bit'tl. s. {405). A fight; an encounter between oppofite armies ; a body of forcei ; the main body of an army. To Battle, bii'tl. y.n. To contend in fight* ' Battle-array, bftt'tl^Lr-ri^ s. Ar- ray, or order of battle. Battl£-ax, bit'tl4ks. $• A weapon, a bill. Battle-door, bit'tl-d6re. s. An in- ftrument with a round handle and a fiat bhide, to ftrike a ball or a fhuttlccock. BATTLBMBNT,b&t't1-m^nt. s. A wall with cfpen placet to look through or annoy an enemy. BATTy, b&t't^. a. Belonging to a bat. Bayaroy, biv4-r6£'. s. A kind of cloke. Bavbeb, blLwb^^ s. In Scotland, a halfpenny. Bavin, hiv'in. 8. A fttck like thofe' bound up in faggots. , Bawble, bkw'bl. s. (405). A gew' gaw, a trifling piece of finery. Bawbling, biwlsllng. a. (410). Trifling, contemptible* Bawcocr, biw'k6k. s. A fine fellow. Bawd, b&wd. s« A procurer or pro- cured. To Bawd> bWd. V. n. To procure. Bawdily* b^w'd£-k'. ad. Obibenely. BAWDiN£ss,biw'd^*n6s. s. Obfcene- neft. BAWDRiCK,biw'drIk. s. A belt. Bawdry, b&w'dr^. s. A wicked prac- tice of bringing whoresaiid rogues together; obfcenity. Bawdy, b&w'de. a. Ob(cene, unchafte. Bawdy*house, blLw^d^-hd&fe. s. A hottfe where tiaffick is made by wickedncfs and debauchery. To Bawl, bill. v. n. To hoot, to cry out with great Yehcmence ; to cry as a fro- ward child. To Bawl, bill. v. a. To proclaim as si crier. Bawril, Ww'rll. s. (99}. A kind of hawk. F&te, ftr, AH, &t i-^mi^ m£t ; — plne^ pin ;— Bawsin, biw'sin.. s. A badger* Bay, bA. a. (220). A colour. Bay, bi. s. An opening into the land. Bay, b4. s: The ftatc of any thing furrottnded by enemies. Bay, bk, s. In architedure, a term ufed to figtiify the divifions of a barn or other building^. . Bays arc from fourteen to twenty feci long. Bay, b4. s. a tree. Bay, bd. $• An honorary crown or garland. To Bay, bA. v. n. To bark as a dog at a thief; to (hot in. Bay Salt bi'sklt s. Saltma.^eoffea water, which receives its coofiftence from the he4t of the fun, and u io called from its brown colour^ Bay Window, b4V!n'd6. g. A win* dow jutting oorward. — See Bow window. Bayard, bA'y^rd. s. A bay horfe. Bayonet, hi'y'in-n^. s, A fliort fword fixed at the end of a muikec ^ This word is very frequently pronounced hagonci, bat chiefly by the Yulgar. Bdellium, d^ryi&m.s. An aromatick gum brought from theLcTant. Sec Pncv* MATIC1C. To Be. btt. V. n. To have ibme cer- tain ftate, condition, ft$ of a boufe ; any huge and long piece of timber; that part of a Imiance, to the end« of which the Scales are fofpeodcd ; a cylindrical piece «f wood heloflgang to the loom, on which the web is gnidHaJily rotted as it it wove ; the ray of light emitted from fofoe laminous hody. B«AM-Tt£s, b^mc'ti^. s. Wadfer. Vice. BiAMT. Wmk. a. Radiant, ftiining ; cm^tii|g beaaif ; having horns or antlers. Bean, bisics. (227). The common garden bean; the hoiie bean. BsAir-CAPCRy b&ne'ki-pv^r. s. A plant. To BsAE, hire. ▼. a. ( 240). To carry aa^borden ; to conrey or carry; to carry as a mark of anthority ; to carry a$ a mark oCdiftinAioas tofopport, to keep from foil- iag ; to carry in the mind, aa lore, hate; to eodure, aa pain, widioot finking ; to fairer, to niifego ; to produce, aa fruit ; to bring Ibrth, aa a child ; to iappoct any thing good or bad ; to behave ; to impel, to urge, to poA; to prefi; to bear in hand, to amnfe with falfe pretences, to deceive ; to bear off, to carry away by force ; to bear out, to fup* port, to maintain. To Beail, hire. v.n. (73). To fuffer pftin ; to be patieoc ; tp be frnitiid or pro* lifids ; to teod, to be direded to any point ; to behave ; to be fitoated with refped; to acherpbces ; to bear up, to ftand firm with- «oc fiJfing \ CO bear with, toendure an un* pleafio^ th^. BeAa, &re. s» (73)* Atoogh favage animal ; the lame of two confteQations, caO^ tl|0 Gnater aad^I^efief Bear, in the tulaCdwJUiler Bear is the Polcfitr. Bear-euip, b^e'bijMt s. Afjpecies.of 'teid-w^ BsAft-VLfi hkn'Bl s; An infea. B^^a-aAtjDftH^ bibre^gir-dn.s. Aplace bUl ;— All ;— pA6nd : — Min, this. in which bears are kept for fport, any place of tumuk or mifrule, Biae's-brbi ch, baiz'brliflu s. The name of a plant. • RAR*»-F A R, birz'd-^r. E. The name of a plant. The Auricula. Bear's-fo'^t, barz'fut. s. A fpectes of hellebore. BeakVwort, bArz'wfirt. s. {165). An herb. BfcARD. b^rd. E- (228). The hair that grows on the lipt and chin ; ibarp prickles growing upon the ears of corn ; a barb on an arrow* 0* This word, as Dr. Kenrick obicrves, is frequently pronounced £> as to rhyme with herd: but 1 am of his opinion that this pto* nunciation is improucr. Mr. Scotland Mr. Perry give it both ways. Buchanan founds it (bort, like Mr. Sheridan. W. Johnfton makes it rhyme with iatr, b^fd. V a. To take or phiek by ibc hwfd ; to oppofcto tht /ace* K B £ A 206 ? E A 0;5» (55^),— FAte, fir, M, fit ; — ^m*, m^t ;^ptne9 pin i Bearded, bWrd'W. a. Having a beard; having Iharp prickles, as, corn ; barbed, or jigged. Sbardlsss, b^d'l^s, a. Without a beard; youthfvl- Bearer, bAre'fir* s. (98). A carrier of anytbjpg ; oneemploycd in carrying hardens; one who wears any thing; one who carries the body to the gnHt one who fupports the pall at a funeral ; a tree that yields its pro- duce ; in architedure, a pod or brick wall raifed up between the ends of a piece of timber. Beartherd, bire1i6rd» s. A man that tends bears. Bearing, bire'lng. s. (410). The fite or place of any thing ^ith refped to fomething elfe ; geftnre, mien, behaviour. Bearwar'd, birc'wird. s. A keeper of bears. B^AST, bWft. s. (227). An animal diftingiufhed from birds, infeAs, fifhes, and tnan ; an irrational anitxipJ,oppofed to map; a brutal iavage man. BEASTLiNEss,bWft1*-nfis.s. Brutality. Beastly, bddftlA. a. Brutal, contrary to the nature and dignity of man $ haying thenattrc or form ol beads* To Beat, b^te. v. a. (aa;) (233).To ' ftrike, to knock; topunifh with ftripes; to mark the time in mufick ; to give repeated blows; to (Irike ground ; to roafe game ; to mix things by long and frequent agiution ; to batter with engines oi war ; to make a path by treading it; to conquer, to fubdu«, to vanquifh ; to harafs, to over -labour ; to dcprefs; to deprive by violence; to move with fluttering agitation; to beat down, to leflen the price demanded ; to beat up, to stuck fuddtfly ; to beat the hoof, to walk, to go on foR. ff^rAc pad time of this verb is by the Englilh uniformly pronounced like the prefent. Nay, except in folemn language, the prefent, preterit and participle are ciaAly the fame j while the Iriih, more agreeably to analogy, as well as utility, pronounce the preterit as the noun hft, a wager ; and this pronuncia- tion, though contrary to £nglilh ufage, is quite conformable to that general tendency obfervableinthe preterits of irregular verbs, which is to fliorteu the vowel that is long in the prefent, as ea/, ate, (often pronounced etj : Bear, beard f deal, ddt s mean, meat^ ; dream, dreamt, &c» To Beat, bd or ftorm; to knock at a door ; to throb, to be in agitation ; to flnduaie, to be in motion ; •tq try in difiercnt ways, tQ {e^cb ; to «ft } uj>on with vic^ence ; to enforce by repeti* tton. Beat* b^te. s. A ftroke, or a ftrildng. Beaton, b^'tn. partidp. (103). From Beat. , Beatbk, b^'tdr. s. ^98). An inftru- ment with which any thing is beaten ; a perfon ranch giveo to blovrs* Beatifical, b^-i tlf^kdl. Bbatifick, b*-4-tiFik. (J09). Blifsful. It is «fed only of, bnvcdly frui- tion after death. Beatifically, b*4-tifi-k41.W. ad. In (iich a manner as to complete Ivppi* nefs. Beatification, b^*dt'6*f(&-k^'fh6n. s. Beatification is an acknowledgment made by the Pope, that the perfon l^tified is in heaven, and therefore nay be reverenced as blefled. To Beatify, b^4t'^ fl. v. a. (1S3). To blefsVith the coo^letion of ccJeftial en- joyment. Beating, b^te'lng. s. (410). Correc* tion by blows. B£ATiTUDE>bMt'6.t^de. s. Bleiftd- neis, felicity, happinefii ; a declaraticm. of blefledneis nnde.by our Saviour to particu- lar virtues. Beau* bo. s. (245) (4S1). Amanof dreis. Beavbh, b^'vAr. s. (127) (98 J. Aa animal, ochcrwife named the ca^ftor, aaj^sbi- bious, and remarkable for his art in building his habitation ; a hat of the bdk kin^ i the part of a helmet that covers bis faop. Bk AVE RED, b^'vird. a« {362). Co- vered with a beaver. Beauish, bolib. a. (245)* Befitting a beau, foppiih. Beauteous, b6't(b^-ft». a, (263). Fair, elegant in form. Beaut EousLY, biVtfh^-As-U. ad. In a beauteous manner. Beauteousnfss, b&'tih^-Cis-ndj. s. * The ftate of being beauteous* Beautiful, bft't^fiiL a^ Fair- Beautifully, bu't^-f 614^ ad. In a beautiful manner* B £ A u Ti F u LN E ss, b^'t^-f6]^nds« s. The quality of being beiutifn^ To BEA0TiFY,bft'ti4K V. a. (i^S)- To adorn, toembdlift. Beauty, b^'tA. s. Thataflbmbfcagcof graces which pleafes the eye ; n pamailtt grace % a beautiful peribn. Beauty-spot, b6't^-»rp6t. s. A ^pdt c j^aced to heighten iamc beauty. BED 2or BED — oih mAvc, n&Tt n&t;— t&be, tAb, bill ;— 611 j~pA6nd ;— /i&in, this. Bnurico, b6k4Uf&^k6. s. (iii>. ^ bird fike a nigbdn^e, a fig-pecker. To Bbcalm, n^-k^Lm'. v. a. (403). To ftill tbe ckmenM ; to keep a ihip £rom motion ; to quiet the mind. Became, b^-kAme'. The preterit of IVcwng- Becausk» b^-kiwz'. conjund. For this txakn ; for ; on this accoant. To Bbchahce, b^-tllulnie^ y. n. To befal, to happen co- (35&)« To Beck, b^k. ▼. a. To make a Hgn with tbe head. l^KCK, b^k* s. A fign with tbe head, a nod ; a nod of commasd. To B£CKoii,b^k'kxu ▼. n. (170). To inalte a fign. To Beclip, b44d1p'. y. a. To cm brace. To BscoMEf b^kAm^ y. a. To enter Into iome ttite or coodition ; to become of, to be tbe fate of, to be the eud of. To Become, b^-ki^m'. v. a. To appear in a Tuanncr fiikafale to fomethiog ; to be fnitablfr to the pcriiNi ; to befit. Becoming, b^-kdm'mjDg. part* a. That which pleaiisbjr an elegant propriety, gracefoL {410). BEcoMiifGLr, b^-kftm'mlngl^. ad. jUeer a becoming manner. Becomimgness, bd-katn^mhig-nH. s. Elegant congmity, propriety. Bed, bM. "s. Sometbin? made to fleep 00 ; lodging; marriage ; bank of earth raif- ed in a garden ; the channel of a river, or any boQvvir ; the place where any thmg is generated ; a hyer, 1 ftratUm ; To bring to Ban, to defircr of a child ; To a3 Beer, b^^r. s. Liquor made of malt and hops. Beet, hHt s. The name of a plant. Beetle, b^M. s. (^405). An infe^a diftinguilhed by having hard cafes or (heaths, wider which he folds his wings ; a heavy malice. Beetlebrowed* bd^'d br66d. a* Having prominent brows. (362). Beetle HEADED, hii'tl'Md-id. n. Logger-headed, having a ftupid head. Beetlestock, bd^'tl-fiok. s. The handle of a beetle. Bebtrave, bWt'rive. 1^ ^^. BiiET-RADISH, b^frid-Uh. J *"''^*^- Beeves, b^^x. s. Black cattle, oreA. To BtFALL, b^-Piwl'. V. h. To hap- pen to ; to come to pafs. To Befit, b^-flt'. v. a. Tofuit, to be fujtable to. To lifcFOOL, bi^66r, V. a. To infa- tuate, to fool. I Be fore, b^'f^re'. prep. Further on-- ward in place ; in the front of\ not behind ; in the prelence of; under the cognizance of; preceding in time ; in preference to ; prior to ; fuperior to. Before* bMore'. ad. Sooner than» earlier in time ; in time paft ; in fome time lately paff ; previoufly to ; to this time, hi* therto ; further onward in place. Beforehand, be fe'^rtliiind ad. In a flate of antictpatioo or preoccupation ; pre- vioufly, by way of preparation ; in a ftatc of accumulation, or £d as that more has been received than expended ; at firft, before any thing is done. BEF('RKTiME,b6f6re'time. ad. For* merly. ToBefortune, b^'f6r'c(h&ne. ▼. n. (461). To betide. To liEFOuiA b6-f6(il'. V. a. To make foul, to feiL To Befriend, b*-Wnd'. ▼. a. To favour ; to be kind to. To Befrinoe, b^-frinje'. v . a. To de - ctrate, as with fringes. To Bf^G, b^g. V- n. To live upon alms^ To Beg, b^g. v. a. To aik, to feek by- petition ; to uke any thing for granted* To Beget, b^-g6t'.v.a. To generate, to procreate $ to produce, as effeds i to pre* duce, AS accidents. Begetter, b^.git'tfir.s. (98). He that procreates, or begets. Beggar, b^g'gftr. s. (418^ Oncirho lives upon ahns; a petitioner ; one who ai^ fumes what he does not prcrve. To Beggar, b^g'gdr. v. a. To reduce to beggary, to Impoverilh ; to deprive; to exha^ BSOOARLINESS, b6g'ffAr-ld-fi^ ^ The date of being beggar^. Beggarly, b^g^g^r-i^ a. Mean« poor, indigent. Beggary, big'gAr-^. s. Indigence. To Begin* bA-gln'. v. n. To enter upon fomething new ; to oomlnence any ac- tion or ftate ; to enter upon exiflence ; to have its origioal; to taSrehfe; to come into a^ To Begin, b&-ghi'. v. a« To do the firft aft ^ vytUi^i to trace ten any B £ H 209 BEL — noy m6ycy air, aAt »-— t&be, tdb» tUng w the firft gnnmd ; to bc^ with»to , escer upon. BcGiMHER^ b^-gln'iiiir»s. (95). He tkas givcft die 6rft caufe, or original, to any thizig ; an nnczperieoced attempter. Begin KIN G9 b^-gln'nhig. s. (410). the firft original or caofe ; t£e cmnmce into »A or being ; the ftate in which any thing firft » ; the rn^mcntb, or firft grounds | the Mt part of any thing. To Begikd, b*-g^rd'. ▼. a. (160). To bind with a girdle ; to furround, to en- circle ; toibvc in with a iiege,toheIeagner. BEGtEKBEG,b5g'ler-b^g s. The chief gofveroor of a proYincc among the Turkt. To B£GiiA\v»b^Dltw'. ▼. a. To bite, to eat away. Begone, b^-g&n', interjeA. Go away, hence, away. Bscor, b*-g6t'. BsGOTTiif, b^-g6t'to. (105). The part, paffive of the verb Beget. To BcGREAsc, bi-gr^zc'. ▼. a. To foil Off dawb with ht matter. To BBG&mE, b^-grime^ v. a. To foil with dirt deep impreircd. To B&GOiLfc, b6-guile^ ▼. a. (160). To impoTe upon, to ddode ; to deceiTe, to evade; to de<»Te-pfeafingly, to amufc. BccujB, h^-giai'. The part, paflive of } Bbbalf, b^4iir. s. (78) (403)* Fa- Tonr, canfe ; vindication, fupport. To bBRAvg, b^-h4ve'. ▼. a. To carry, to oondo A« To BsHATt, b^&ve^ V, Q. To aa, to conduft oae'i lielf* BiHATioua, b^hAve'yAr. s« (294). IManner of bchavioe one'i ielf, whether goedur had ; cMtenad appearance ; gcftnre, Budmer of adion; dc^^ce of manned, gjcaceffdncft ; eondud, general pradice, coorle of life ; To be upon oneV BdiaTiour, a faaqliar phraic, noting fnch a ftate at re» flirts great cautioD. To Beh£ai>, b6-h£d'. ▼. a. To kill by cnttiug off the head. B£H£LD, bi-bUd^ PartJcip. paffive ir«eihdK)ld. BsHSMOT H, b^li^inodi. s. The hip. poporjBiiu» or river-hcrle. • Behest, M4i^. s. Command. BSB41I1S M^iad'. prep.-^ee Wind. At the hade of aootber; on the hack part; twMds the back ; foUowing another^ re- after the departure of - teiething ' the'deatbdtha&to b(dl;— -611 f—p6tod}—/i^in, THIS. • whom it belonged ; at a difiance from fome* thing going beZpre ; inferior to another. BiHiNO, bf-hind'. ad. Backward. BEHiffDHAKD, b^-hindliAnd. ad. In a ftate in which rents or proiiu are antici- pated ; not upon equal terms, with regard toforwardnefi. To Be HOLD, b^.h61d'. ▼. a. To view, to fee. Bf.hold, b^-hAld'. intcrjea. See, lo. BEHOLDtN, b^.h6rdn. part. a. (103). Bound in gratitude. Beholder, b^«hoI'diV. 1. Spedator. Beholding, b^-htiMioc:. a. (410% Beholden. Beholding, b^*h6rding. Part, from the Tcrb Behold. Seeing, looking upon. Behoof, b^«h66f. s. Pro6t, advas* tage. To Behoove, b^-h66v\ v. n. To be fit, to he meet. Ufed cnly imperfonaily U'itk rV,as it behoovcu. f^ This word it fomctimes improperly writ* ten iehtve^ and corruptly pronounced as rhyming with row ,• but this is contrary to the analogy of words of this form ; which prefenre the fame found of the vowel, both ra the noun and verb ; as /rs^./row; wj^, WW ; tiU/, tbievcy &c. Behooveful, b^-hodvc'fiiL a. Ufeful, profitable. Behoovefvllv, b^-hMveY&l-M. ad* Profitably, ufefuUy. To Behowl, b6-h6(d'. v. a. To bowl at. Being, b^^ing. s. (410). Eiiftcnce, oppofed to non<^ntity ; a particular ftate or condition ; the perfon exiftiog^ Being, b^'ing. coojund. Since. Be it so, bd'it-s6. A phrafe, fuppofe it to be fo ; let it be fo. To Belabour, h^-14'bilr. v. a. Tq beat, to thump. BfiLAMiE, b^l'^-m4. s. A friend,, an intimate. B£LAMouR,b^ri-mMr. s. A gallants coofort. Belated, hi'\k\hd. a* Benighted. To Belay, b^-lA'. v. a. To block up, to ftop the paflage ; to place in ambufl). To Belch, b^lih. v. n. Toejedthe wind (rom tl^e fiomach; to iflue out by erudation. Belch, belfh. s. (35a). The adion of ^ erudatioiT; a cant term for liijuor. BELDAM^b^'dlba. s. (88). An old ahig. BEL 210 B E M *fo Beleaguer, b^-l^'gik. v. a. To befiege, to block up 9 place. B$L£AGURER, b^-lS'gil^r-Ar. s* One that befieges a place. . BBLFLowEfi, berfl^Lir. s. A plant. BelfoundeRi b^l'fo'^n-diV. s. He .wbofe trade it is to found or a£t bells. Belfry, b^Yrfe. s. The place where the bells are ruDcr. Tb Belik, b^-li . V. a. To counterfeit, to Atigfi, to mimick ; to give the lie to, to charge with falfehood ; to calatiiniate ; to give a falfe reprefentation of any thing. Belief, b^-W^P. a. Credit given to. ibmething which we know not of ourfelTes ; the theological virtue offaidi, or firm con- fidence of the truths of religion ; religion, the body of tenets held ; perfuafion, opinion ; the thing believed ; creed, a form contain- ing thc;irtiGle8 of faith. BfeLfEVABLSy b^-l^V2<>bL a* Credi- ble. To Bblieyb, bMi^v'. V. a. To credit upoA tilt authority of another ; to put con- fidence in the veracity of any one. To BEbiETfi, b*-l^*r'. V. n. To have a firm perfusdlQa of any thing ; to exertife the tbcQlogkal virtve of &ith. Believer, b**U6'vdr. s. (98). He tlut believes or gives credit ; a profeiTor of Chrifiianity. BaLiBviNGLY* b^-U^Mrig-Id* ad* After a believing maaner. Beliks, bMike'. ad. Probably, likely, perhaps ; fometimes in a fenfe of irony. Bbll, b^U. s. A vefTel, or hollow body of caft metal, formed to make a noife by the ad offome inftrument ftrikingagamft It ; it is ufed for any thing in the form of a ^bdl, as the cups of flowers. Bille, b^. s. A gay young lady. Belles Lettres, b^l-l&'tAr. Polfte literature. BsLLiGERovs» bdl-lldje'e-rAs. a. (314) (518). Wagmg war, Bei^licercnt, b^l-Fidje'^-r&nt. a. (ii8.) Waging war. Bei^ipotent, b€l-Up'p6-tint. a. (518'. Mighty in war. To Bkli^w, bil'lA. V. n. (327). To make a noife as a bull; to make any violeht oofecvy ; to vociferats, to cbniour ; to r6ar as the fea or the wind. Bellows '^I'lilis. 5. The inftrument ufed to bkiw the fire. ^ Th^.laft fyllable of this word, like that of Gallows, is corrupted beyond recovery into the foood of Ar/. f4t ;— •mcy m^ ;*-*pbey pin } — Belluine» b^%-ine. a. (149). Beaftly, brutal. Belly, b^l'l^, s. (182). That part of the human body which reaches £tom the breaft to the thighs, containing the bowels; the womb ; that part of a man which re- quires food; that part of any thing that fwells out into a larger capacity ; any {dace in which fomething is inclofed. To Belly, bfil-li. v. n. To hang out, to bulge out. Bellyache, b^ri6-Ake. s. (555). The cholick. Belly B9UKD, b^lld-b^find. a. Coftivc. Bellyful^- bdl'M-ffU. s. As much food as fills thebcUy. Bellygod, b£ri^-g6d, s. A glutton. BblmaiI, b^ll'min. s, (88). He whofc bufinefs it is to proclaim anything in towns, and to gain attention by ringing his bell. BSLMETALy b^irm^t-tl. S. (4O5). The metal of which bells are made. To Belock, bW^k'. v. a. To faften. To Belong, belong', v. n. To be the property of ; to be the province or bnfi* nefs of ; to adhere, or be appendant to ; ti» have relation to ; to be the quality or attri- bute of. Beloved, b^lflv'W. a. Dear. f!f This word* when an adjedive, is ufually pronounced in three ryllables,as a AeUved (on; and when a participle ' in two, as he was much bfUvd^-Stc principles. No. 360. Below, b^-lA'. prep. Under in place. not fo high ; inferior in dignity ; infaior in excellence ; unworthy of, unbefittmg. Below, be46'. ad. In the lower place ; 00 earth, in oppofition to heaven ; in hell» in the region^ of the dead. To Belowt, b^-166t'. V. a. To treat ■ with opprobrious langfuage. BEL8WAGOER9 b£l-fwig'gdr* s. A whoremafter. BelT) b^lt. s. A girdle, a cindare. BfiLWETHER,b^ll'w?TH-t&r. s. A (hccp which leads the flo<^ with a befl on his neck ; hence. To bear the beli. To Bemad^ b^m&d'. v. tu fTo make To Bemi&b^ bd-tnhre'. ▼. a. Todrsigp or incumber in the mire. - To BsMOANy b£-m6ne'. v. a. To la* ment, to bewail. BFMOAMEfiy b^-mA'nih'. s. (98)* A lamenter. ToBemoii^ b^ni6D^ v. a: Tobe* drabble, to bemirc BEN 3U BEN •— q6, mdve, n6r» ii6t ; t&be, tjib, ToBntoNSTER, b^«in&ns-t(^r. v. su To make monftroui* B£MOSEi>, b^-miLizd^ a. (359)- Orer- comr wscb mufing. BsiiCHt Unih. 8* (35a). A feat ; a fiat of jfttfkJcc i the perfon fitting upon a bench* B&ncHER, b&i'fh'V. s. (98). llie feaior membert of the fociety of the iniu of court. To Bekd, b&id. V. a. To make crook- ed, tQ crook ; to dire^ to a certain {oiitt ; to incline *, to fubdiie, to make fobmiluyc. To Bemd, b^nd. v, n. To be incur* -vated \ tolcao v jot over ; to be fubmifllve, to bow. B£ND, b^d. 8. Reiurt, incarvation ; the cro ut Cierieus, u e. he reads like a derk, he was only burnt in the hand and fet free, othenvife he fuffered death for his crime.— i^ai/rjr. To Benefit, bto'Aflt, t. a. To do good to. To Benefit, bin'^-fit.v.n. To gain advantage. To Benet, bA-n^t'. ▼. a. To enfnare. BENEvoLENCE,b^-n^v'v6-Unfe. s.Dii^ pofition to do good, kindnefi; the good done, the charity given ; a khid of tax. Benevolent, b^rn^v'v6-lSnt. a. Kind« having good-will. BEHEV0LENTNESS,bin^v'v6.Wnt-nfc. s. The fame as benevolence. Bengal, b^n-gUr. s. A fort of tbin . flight ftuff. Benjamin, b$n^j&*ni!n. s. The name of a tree. To Benight, b^-nke'. v. a. To fur- prife with the comuig on of sight ; to in- volve in darknefs, to embarrafs by want of light. Benion, b^-nine'. a. (385). Kind, generous, liberal; wholefome, not malig- nant. > Ben lamTY, b*-nlg'nM^. s. Gracionf- neis,aanal kindnefs; (alubrity,wholdbac^ quality* Benignly, b^-ninel6. ad, FaauHua- Uy, kindly. Benison« b^'n^aui. s. (170) (443)* Bleffing, benedidlion. B&SNET, bte'n^t* Su (99). An herb. Bent, btet. s. The ftate of beine. bent ( degree of fiexure ; dcclirity ; oonolt po5F^ appUcRtioii of the samd^ imdinatiiD, difp^AUDA towanU iwacthing; dotorauaa- B £ S 313 BBS 0^ (559) — ^Fitc, fair, (Ml, fit; — m^, mdt ;— pine, pin;— . tioOs fixed purpofe ; turn of the teniper or difpofltion; tendenqr, flexion; a &alk or grais, called the fieot-gr^ Bbnt, Wnt. part, of the verb To bend. Made crooked ; direded to a certain point ; determioed upon* BEMTiNGTiM£»b^n'tlng>tlme.s. The time when pigeons feed on bents before peas are r^ie. To Benumb, b£-ndm'. v. a. ,To make torpid; to ftupify.— See To Nomb. Benzoin, b^n-z61n'. 6. A medicinal kind of refin, imported from the,£aCb IndieSi and vulgarly called Benjamin. To BEPAiNT,b^-pAnt'.v.a. To cover with paint. To Bbpinch, b^-pinib'. v. a* To mark with pinches. To Bfc^ieayhv b^-kwATHe'* v. a. (467). To leave by will to another. BEoyESTy bd-kw5(l'. s. (334) (4-14) • Something left by will. To Bbratti,e, be.r4t'tL v. a. To rat- tie off. Bbrberry, birl)fir-rA. s. (SSS)' ^ berry of a iharp taftc, ufed for pickles. To Bereave, b^-r^ve'. v. a. To ftrip of, to deprive of; to take away from. Bereft, b^-rtft'. Part. paff. of Be- reave. Berg A MOT, bAr^gi-m6t. s. A fort of pear, commonly csdled Burgamot, and vol* garly called Burgamee, a fort of elTence or perfume, drawn from a fruit produced by ingrafting a lemon tree on a Burgamot pear ftock ; a fort of fnulF. To BfRHYME, bA-rime'« v. a. To cele- brate in rhyme or verfes. Berlin, bA^•lla^ s. A coach of a par- ticular form. Berry, Mt'tL s. Any fmall frnit with many feeds. To Berry, h^rL v. n. To bear berries. Bertram, bdr'tr&m. s. (88). Baftard peUltery. Beryl, b^'ril. s. A precious ftone To Bescrben, b6*ikr£^'. v. a. To iheker, to conceal. To Beseech, b^-ft^tfh'. v. a. To en- treat, to foppiicate, to implore ; to beg, to aflc. To Bbsebm, b^6to'. y. n. To be- ooiBe,to best.- To Beset, bA-s^t'.v. a.Tobc(iegc,to kem in; to embarraTs, to perplex ; to way- lay, to fiy^^v^ I ^ ^ upon, to harafi. ad. Over To Beshrbw, b6.(br5y. v. a. To wifli a curfe to ; to happen ill to. BBsiDE,b^-side'. > ^^^^ . _ Besides, W-sides'. S ^^' the fide of another, near ; over and above ; - not acoordbg to, though not cootrarj ; out of, in a ftate of deviation from. Beside, b£-side'. 1 Besides, besides'. 3 and above ; not in this number, beyond thf» da(s. To Besiege, b^*s^je'. v.a. To be- leaguer, to lay.£ege to, to befet with ttmcd forces. Brsiegbr, b^{<^£'j^. s. (98). One employed in a fiege. To Brslvbbbr, b6-fl6b1>Ar. v. a. To dawb, to finear. To Besmear, b*-fm^&^.v. a. Tobc- dawb ; to foil, to foul. To Bbsmirch, bd-fm&rtib^ v. a. To foil, to dilcolour. ToBesmoke, bi-fraike'. v, a. To foul with fmoke; to harden or dry in fmoke. ToBESMUT,b4-fmftt'. v.a. To blacken with Imoke or foot. Bbsom, b^'zAm. s. . An inftrumentto fwecp with* ToBssORTyb^-sdrt'. v. a. Tofait,K> fit. Besort, bi-s6rtf. s. Company, attend* ance, train. To BE«0T,bd-s6t'. v.a. Toinfataate, to ftupily, to make to doat. Bbsouoht, b^-siwt'. Part. paff. of Beleech : which fee. To Bespanglb, b^-fpdnsfgl. v. a. To adorn with fpangles, to Seiprinkle with fomeching (hitting. To Bespatter, bfi-fpit'tftr. v.a. To fpot or fprinkle with dirt or water. To Bespawl, b^-fpliwl'. v. a. To dawb with fpittle. To Bbspbar, b^-fpWk'. v. a* To order or intreat any thing beforehand; to make way by a previous apology ; to fitrebode ; to fpeak to, to addrefs ; to l^tokcn, to fliew. Bespeaker, h^-fp^'k^r. s. He that bc- ipeakt any thing. To Bbspecklb, b^-fpdk'kl. t. a. To mark with fpeckles or fpots. To BBS^£W, bii-fp{k'. v. a. To dawb with l|>cw or vomit. To Bespicb, b^-fplce'. v. a. To feafbn with fpices. To Bespit, bd-fph'. v. a. To dawH #ltftfpitde. BET aid B E W To mark To V. a. T, a. -«- aA» mdve, n6r, n6t j ToBupoT, b^ fp6t'. V. a wkhfyou. To BEsvftEAOt U-fprdd'. i^xoui over* To Besprinkle^ b^-fprlak'kl To ^riskk over. To BEspvTTPKyM-fp&c'tdr, ▼. a. To fp«tter over (bmctihiii^y to dawh any thiog hj i|nittering. Best» bdl. a. Moil good. Best* h^il. ad. Inihe higl^eft degree of goodnds; ficteft. To BE$TAiif,b^-ftine'. v. a. To mark with ftsinsy to ipot. To Bestead, bA-ftW. v. a. To profit; to treat, to accommodate* Bestial, b6s't{hd4l. a. (464). Belong- ing to a beaft ; Imital, canal. Bestiality, b^tib^al'6.t^ s. The qvalitjr of beafts. Bestiallt, h^^t/h^ti-M. s. Braullj. To Bestick, b^fiii'. T. a.. To ftick over with any thing. To Bestie, b^-ftdr'. ▼. a. (109). To pot into vigorooa adioo. To Bestow, bA-ft6'. v. a. To give, to confer open ; to give aa charity ; to give in marriage ; to give as a prefent ; to apply ; to lay oBt upoD ; to ky up, to flow, to place. BtsTowkE, bi^ko'tr. s. (98). Giver, dilpoier. Besthaucht» b^*(lriwt^ particip. DiOraaed, mad. To Besteew. b^-ftr6'. v. a. To fprin- Ue over. See Stkbw. ToBESTElDE,bd-lbr]de^▼• a. Tofiride over any thing ; to have any thing between ooe^lega; to ftep over. To Bestod, b^ad', v. a. To adorn 8. A plant. Irreg. prct. from ▼. a. Todif. BcT, bfc s. A wager. To Bet, b^. f, a. To wager, to (lake 3t a wager. To BfTAEk, b^-tdke'. V. a. To take, to ica2e ; 10 ha^recoorfe to. To Beththe^ U^hink^. v. a. To re- cal torelleaiott« To Betheal, b^-Mrill'. v.a. (406). To eo/Iave, to coaqner. To BsTHVH?f hi-ibiimp'* v. a. To heat. To Betidi, b^tldc'. v. n. To happen to»to he&U ; to come to pa(», to fall out. Betime, b^-dme'. I . Betihcs, hUtmif. S Seabta^; early; fooo, befors king time iaa pdTfld ; culy m the day. tibc, tAbt b^U ;— 611 ;— p6find ;— /Ain, trisv To Betoeen, b*-tA'kn. v. a. To fig- niiy, to mark, to repreicnt j to foreihcw, co prefignify. Betowy, b^t't6-n^. Betook, hUd6k\ Betake. To Be toss, b^-t6s', turb, to agitate. To Beteay, b**tri'. v. a. To give in- to the hands of enemies ; to difcover that which has been entruiled to fecrecy ; to make liable to fomcthuig inconvenient ; to ihow, to difcover. Bbteayre, b*-tr4'dr. s. He that be- trayi, a traitor. To Bethim, b^trim'. ▼. a. To deck, to drcfs, to grace. To Betroth, bA-tr&M'. v. a. To con- trail to any one, to affiance ; to nominate to a bifiioprick- To Betrust, W-trflft'. v, a. Toen- tmft, to put into the power of another. Better, bit'tilr. a. (qS). Having good ^oalitiea in a greater degree than Something elfc. Bettee, b^t'tdr. ad. Well in a greater degree. To Bettee, bdt'tiir. v. a. To im- prove, to meliorate ; to furpaft, to exceed, to advance. Better, bSt'tAr. a. neft. Bettor, bfit'tiir. s. (166). One that lays bets or wagers. Betty, bet't6. s. An inftrument ta break open doors. Between, b^-tw^n'. prep. In the in- tcrmediau fpace; from one to another; be-> longing to two in partnerfbip ; bearing ro* lation to two ; in fepaiation of one from the other. Betwixt, bc-tw!kft'. prep. Between. !"";}"''»• ^•(99); In mafomy and joinery, a kind of fiiuare, one leg of which is frequently crooked. Bevehagi, b^v'iWidje. s. ^90; {^SS)* Drink, liquor to be drunk. Bbv y, b^v'A. s. A flock of birds 5 a company, an aflcmbly. To BfeWAiL, b^wilc\ ▼. a* To bo- moan> to lament. To Beware, b^-wirc'. ▼• n. To re* gard with caution, to be (hfpiciouf of daa« ger from. To Bevtbep, bA.w4*p'. T. a. To weep overt Superior in good- BIB 214 B I F Cy (559).— '^ite, ar, fall, To Bewet> W-wdt', V. a. To wet, to motfien. To Bewilder, W-wirdAr. v. a. To lofe in pathlcfs placet, to puzzle (515)* To Bewitch, W-wkfti'. v, a. To in- jure by witchcraft ; to charm, to pleafe. Bbwitchery, W-wltfti'flr-r6. s. Fafci- natioD, charm. iSSS)' BEWiTCHMENT,' W-WUfll'mfitlt. S. ^afcinatioD. To Bewray, W-ri'. v. a. (427)- To betray, to difcover perfldloofly ; ta (how, to make viilble^ BBWRAYF.R,W-ri'Ar. s. Betrayer, dif- covcrer. Bbyond, b*-y6nd'.prcp. Befot^, at a . diftance not reached; on' the farthbr fide of | farther onward than; paft, out of the reach of; aboTe, exceeding to a" greater degree than ; above in excellence ; remote from, not within thefphere of; Togo beyond, b to deceive. 1^ There ia a pronunaacion of thi» word fo obviouJOy wrong as fcarcely to defeive no- tice ; and that is founding tjie • like a,, at if the word were written b^anJ. Abfurd and corrupt as this pronunciation is, too many of the people of London, and thofe not cn^ ' tirely uneducated, are guilty of it. £EZ0AR,b^'z6re. s. A medicinal (lone, formerly in high efteem as an antidote, brought from the Bail Indies. Bezoardick, b^z-6-&r'dlk. a. Com- pounded with bexoar. Biangulated, bi4ng'c;u-U-t6d. > Biangulous, bi4ng^u4iis. (ii6). 5 a. Having two corners or angles. Bias, bi'l«. s. (88). The weight lodg- ed on one fide of a bowl, which turns it from the ilfaight line ; any thing which turns a man to a particular courfe ; propen- fioo, inclination. To Bias, bi'Ss. v. a. To incline to fome fide* Bib, bib. s. A fmall piece of linen put upon thebreafts of diildren, over tJieir clothes. BiBACious, bi-b&'Ms.a.(ii8}.Much addided to drinking. fpr perhaps the firft fyllable of this word may be confidcred as an exception to the gene- ralnde. (117). Bibber, bib'bAr. s. (98). A tippler. Bible, bl'bL s. (405). The facred volume, in which are contained the revela- tions of God. BiBLIOCRAPHER, bib-lWg'grfl-f Ar. s. A traofcriber. I ftt ;— TO*, mit ;— pbc, pin ;— BiBLlOTHECAL, hih-U'^i'^-kH. a. Belonging to a library. Bibulous, bib^ilAs. a. (^ia)* Thar which has the cpiality of drin^ng moifttire-- BiCAP8UL/iR,bi-kdp'fh6-ldr a. (itS). (55 a>. A plant whofe fced-ponch is di- vided into two parts. Bice, blfe. & A colour for paintiag. Bicipital, bi-slp'd.t41. (118). > BiciPiTOus, bl-slp'*-tAs. > ** Having two heads $ ft is applied to one of the mufdcsof the arm. To Bicker, bik'kftr. v. n. (9^>. To flLirmifli, tb fight off and on ; to qoivcr^ to play backward and forward. BicREiiER, bik'ftr-ilr. s. (SSS^* ^ flctrmifiier» BicKERN. blk'kdm. s. (98) (418). An iron ending in a point. BicoRNB, bi'k6rn. (118); BicoRKous, bi-k6r'ni!^s. Having t^O' horns. BicoRPORAL, bi-kAfpA-rftl. a, (ti8). Having two bodies. ' To Bid, bid. v. a. To dcfire, to afk ; to command, to order ; to offet, to propoic ;. to pronounce, to declare ; to denounce* Bidden, bld'dn. part. paff. (toj). Invited; commanded. Bidder, bid'di&r. s. (98). One who . offers or propofes a price. Bidding, bld'dlng. s. (410). Cotn- mand, order. To Bide, bide. v. a. To endure, to fufTer. To Bide, Wdc. v. n. To dwell, to live, to inhabit ; to retnain tn a place. Bidental, bi-d|6n't41.a. C>i8). Hav- ing two teeth. Biding, bidding.' s. (410). Refl Openiog With a cleft. * BIG Sli B I L — so, mdve, n6r, n6t|— t&be, tAb» SuroLD, bl'f6Id/a. Twofold, doable. SinntMEDy bi'f6rmxL a. (36a). Com- foBBded o£ two lonns. Bifurcated, bi-f&r'kd-tdd. su (xi8). fihooring ont into two headt. Bjpurcatiom, bi-ftlr-kA'fliftru s. Di- ▼ifioQ into two. Big, big* a. Great in bulk, large ; teemiDgy pregnant; (ullof fomcthtng; dif- teaded» fwolo; grat io air and mien; proud ; great in fpint, braTc. Bigamist, bl^ga-mid. 8. One that baa committed bigamy. Bigamy, big'ga-m6. s. (535) {503). The crime of having rwo wives at once* B1GBCLME9, big'b^.lid. a. (aSa). Picguant* J3iGGiif, bIgfgViu s- A child's cap. SiGLT, blg'Ii^. ad. Tumidly^ haugh- tilf. 'BiGVSSB, big^o^. s. Greatnefs of ^saatitj ; Szc^ whether greater or (malier. Big >T, big'gdt. s. (i66). A man devoted to a certain party. BiGOTsi>, big'gdt-£d. a. Blindly pre* pc^fied in Cavoor of fomething. j;3^ From what oddity t know not, thia word is frequently pronounced at if accented on the hit fyllahle hot one, and is generally foond written as if it ooght to be fo pro- nooBced, the # being doubled, as is ufual when a participk is formed from a verb chat. has its accent 00 the bfk fyllable. Dr. John- fon, indeed, has very judacioufly fet both ordK^praphy and pronnndatian to rights, and fpeUs the word with one /, though he finds it with two in the qootations he gives OS fr«m Oaith and Swift. That the former tbonght it might be pronounced with the accent on the fecood fyihhle, is highly pre- ibmaUe from the nic ho makes of it, where lie£tya: *■ Bi^oftted to this idol, we difclaim «* Rdl, health, and ea^, for nothing hot a For if we do not lay the accent on the fe- cond lyiiaUe, here the vetfe will be nnpat- 4lotiahIy ragged. This miftake mall certaix>- iy cake ittrife from fnppofiag a verb which jdoes not ezifi,Bamely, as higat j but as this word m derived from a fobfiantive, it ought to have the bmt accent ; thus though the wocds iaUet and iUlet are verbs as well as Donnvyet as they have the accent on the fcft fyOahfe, the participial adje^ves deriv- ed fram them have only one #, and both arc ptonovKed with the accent on the firftfyl- bhlc,asM>to/, MUitd. Afatci therefore •oi^ht to have bat one ^, aadtopidfenrethe ssocoit « the firft fyltahle. bUI ; — All s— p6(md : — thin, this. BiGOTRYy big'gilt-tr^. s. (555)- Blind seal, prejudice ; the praSice of abtgot. BtqawoLNy blgTw&ln* a. Turgid. Bilander, biFdndil^r. s. (503). A imall veflel ufed for the carriage of goods. B1LBERRY9 bll'bdr-r^ s. Whortle- berry. BiLBOy \AVhh s. A rapier, a fword. Bilboes, blVbAze. s. (296). A fort of ftocks. Bile, bile. 6. A thicks yellow» bit- ter liquor, feparated in the liver, coUeAed in the gall-'bladder, and difcharged by the coounondod. Bile, bile. s. A fore angry fwelling. Iffipf opcrly Bolt. To Bilge, bilje. v. n. (74). To fpring a leak. Biliary, bll'y4-r^. a. (113). Be- longing to the bile. Bilingsgatk, blVllngZN»gii^e« s. Ri* baldry, foul langua^. BiLiNGuousy bi-lmg'gwfis. a. (1x8). Having two tongues. Bilious, bil'yds. «. (113). Confift- iiiUng of bile. To Bilk. bilk. v. a. To cheat, to defraud. Bill, bill. «. The4>eakof a fowl. Bill, bill. s. A kind of hatchet with alMokedpbint. Bill, bUl. s. A written paper of any kind ; an account of money ; a law prcfent- cd to the parliament; a phyfieian*s prcfcrip- tion ; an advertifemeot. To Bill, bill. v. n. To carefs, as doves by joining bills. To Bill, bill. v. a. To publifhbyan advertifemem. Billet, bilTit. 8. (99) (472) (481)- A fmall paper, a note ; Billet-doux, or a foft Billet, a love letter. BiLLiT, bllTit. 8. (99). AfmalUog of woodibr the chimney. To Billet, bllllt. v. a. To direa a •foldier where he is to lodge; to quarter fol- dien. Billiards, bU'yurdz. s. (113). A kind of play. #ir Mr. Nares has very judiciouily correded a falfserymologyof Dr.Johnfonin this word, which might eventually lead to a falfe pro- nunciation. Dr. Johnibn derives it from ball and yard, or fUck, to pofli it with. So Spencer— «« Wtthdice,with cards, with baUiards far unfit, " Withihuttlc-cocks,unfecming manly wit' B I P 216 B I R ^ (559) — F*t«> ^r, fill, fit ;— m^, tn^ ;— pine, pin j— Spencer, fays Mr. Nares, was probably mifled, 88 wdl as the l^exicographerj by a falfe no- tion of the etymology. The word, as well as the ^me, is French bUlutrd; and made by the addition of a common termination, from bilUi, the tern for the ball ufcd in playing. Billow, bin6. s. A wave fwoUen. Billowy, biri&-£. a. Swelling, turgid BiM, bin. s. A place where bread or wine it repofited. BiNACLK, bin'5-kl. A fea term, mean- ing the compais box. ^ This word is not in Jnhnfon ; and Dr. A(h and Mr. Smith, who hayc it, pro- nounce the / in the firfl fyllable fhott. It is probably only a corruption of the word Bit' Binary, bi'nd-r^. ( 1 18). Two double. To Bind, bind. v. a. To confine with bonds, to enchain ; to gird, to enwrap ; to faften to any thing ; to faften together ; to cover a wound with drcffings; to compel, to conftrain ; to oblige by ftipulation ; to confine, to hinder ; to make coftivc ; to re- train ; To bind to, to oblige to ferve fome one ; to bind oTcr, to oblige to make ap- pearance. To Bind, bind. v. n. To contraft, to grow ftiff; to be obligator}'. Binder, bind'i'ir. s. (98 \ A man whofe trade it is to bind books; a man that binds iheavcs ; a fillet, a (bred cot to bind with. Binding, binding, i. (410). A bandage. Bindweed, bind'w^d. s. A plant. Binocle, bin'n6-kh s. (405). A telefcope fitted fo with two tubes, as that a diftant objed may be fecn with both eyes. I^The famereafon appears for pronouncing the i in the firft fyllable of this word Ihort ^zin Bigamy. (535^« BiRncuLAR, bi-n6k'&-lAr. a. (118). Hating two eyes (8S) C98). Biographer, bi-6g'pri-fiir. s. (116). A writer of lives. Biography, bi-og'gri ft. s. (ii6>. An hiftorical account of the lives of particu- lar men. (518). Biparous, biip'plL-rus. a. (503) Bringing forth two at a birth. ^ This word and Bipa/ai have the t long in JDr. Afli and Mr. Sheridan ; but Mr. Perry makes the i in the firft long, and in the laft Ihort : analogy, however, feems to decide in favour of the found I have given it. For though the penultimate accent has a tenden- 1 cy to lengtheii the vowel when followed by | n finglc coofonuit, M in Hfttff trifod^ &c. the antepenultimate accent has m grettt^- tendcncy to fliorten the vowel it fisUs upots. — See Bx c A scr and Tripod (503}. Bipartite, bip'pir-tlte. a. K^^SSh Having two corrcfpondent partik fy Every orthoepift has the accent on the firft fyllable of this word but Entick, who places it on the fecond ; but a confidcrablc dilerencc is found in the quantity of the firil and laft i. Sheridan and Scott have them both long. Kares the laft long. Perry both Ihort, and Buchaniin and W. JoJinilon aa I have done it. The varieties of quantity on this word are the more furprijing, as all thefe writers that give the found of the vowels make the firft i 'miri/artiufhott^ and the laft long; and this uniformity in the pro- nunciation of one word ought to have led them to the lame pronunciation of the other, fo perfcdly fimilar. The (hortening power of the antepenultimate accent is evident in both ^503). BiPARriTioN, bi-pir-tiib'An. s. The ad of dividing into two. Biped, bi'p^d s. (118). An antmal with two feet. Bipedal, bip'p^^d&l. a. (503). Two feet in lengUi. — See Bi parous. BiPFNNATED, bi-pdn'n^-t^d. a. (118). Having two wings. BiPETy\Lou». bi-pdt'tAlus. a. (118), Confining of two flower-leaves. Bic^ADUATE, bi-qw&'drAtc. (9i)»7 Biquadratick, bi-qw^.drat'ik 3 The fourth power arifing from the mulri- plication of a fquare by itfelf. Birch, bArtfli, s. (108). A tree. PmcHEN b^ir'tfhn. a. (103) (405}, Made of birch. f^ An finglifhman tnay blufli at this elitfter of confonants for a fyllable ; and yet this is unqneftionably the cxad pronunciation of the word ; and that our language is full of thefe fyllables without vowels.— See Prin- ciples, No. 103, 40J. Bird. b^rd. s. (to8}. A general term for the feather kind, a fowl. To Bird, bArd. v. n. To catch birds B1RDBOLT9 bArd'b61t. s. A fmall ar- row. BiRDCATCHER, bftrd^kitflx-Ar. 8.(89). One that makes it his cmploymciit co t^c birds. Birder, b5rd'{ir. & (98> A bird- catcher* Birdingpifcr, b{krd'mg-p^^. s. A gun to ihoot birds with. Birdlime, birdlime. 8. A giminoas fnbfiance foread upon twigs, by which die birds that £gbt upon tlicm ire cstaiiglod. s. BIS 217 B I T BitMAii, bitrd'mdn. s. (B8). A Unicatcber. jBixosvtc, bdrdsB'i. s. A plant. BiRPSFooT» biirdz'ftt. s. A plant. BiRSSMEST, bftrdz/n^ft. s. An herb. fiiRDSKEST, bfirdz'a^ft s. The place vKerc a bird lays ber eggs and hatches her JOIlOg» BiBDSTOMOvfi, bArdz'tdng. $• An heib. B'RGAiiDBR, b^i/gin*diir. I. A fowl of the goofr kind. BiitTH hkrtb. s. (108). The aA of coming into Efc ; eztraAicm, fiiieagc ; rank 'm\k\dti b 'mbcrtted by ii«fcent ; the condition in wbtcb any man k bo#ta ; tfaiog bom ; the ad of brmging forth. Birthday. * ^r/A'd4. s. The daj on which 207 one is bom. Birthoom, b^Tf/b'dAm. s. Privilege o/hirch. BiRTHNfGUT, bdirM'nkc. s. The night in which any one is bom. BiRTHVLACE, hirth'plAk, s. Place where aay one is bom. BiTR HEIGHT, h^Tth'nKC. s Therights and prxTikges to which a man is born ; the r^ht of the 6rft bom. BfRTHSTR AKGLf D,b^r/i6'ftr4ng-gld. a. Sciasgled 20 being bora (359)* f^ :>ee JBuchem. BiRTHWORT» bdr/^wtirt. s. (166). The name of a plant. Biscuit, bislcit* f. (340- A kind of bard dry bread, made to be carried to fea; a compofiticn of fine flour, ahnonds asidlugar. To Bisect, bUdkt'. ▼. a. (118) (J19). To divide into two pavts. Bisection, bi-i^&k'ihAn. s. j 118). A geooietrtca] tenn, fignifying the ditifion of any <|uantzty into two equal parts. BiSMor, b\{h'ap. s. (166). One of the head order df the clergy. BiSHcr. bUh'6p. s. A cant word for a oixtuK cf wine, oranges, and fugar. ]^i8HorRiCK, bifti'6p-rlk. s. The dio- cefeof abifiiop. BisHOPWEEft, bifh'Ap-w^dd. 8. A plant. BiiXybiik. s. Soup, broth. Bismuth, hlz^mttb, s. Marcafite, a bard, white, brittle, mineral fnbftance, of a «n*»»ninf nature, found at Mifnia. Bissextile, bis-s^ksVil. s. (140)- ^ Mr. $cott places the accent on the firft ffQabk of this vord i Dr. Kcndrick on the bftll j-^11 ;— p6An ccivcr. Bittacle. bk'tl-kl. s. (405 '. A frame of timber in the ftcerage, where the compafs is placed. More conamonly Bzh- ACJLE. Bittfr, bh'tiV. a. (98). Having a hot, acrid, biting taftc, like wormwood; (harp, cruel, fevcre, calamitous, miferablc ; reproachful, fatirical ; unpleafing or hurtful. Bittercround, bit'tvir-ground. s. A plant. Bitterly, bit'tAr 16 ad With % bitter tafte ; in a biting manner, forrowful- ly,calamitoufly; (harply, fcverely. BiTTfRN. 'it'ti^rn s. {98/. A bird with long legs, which feeds upon fiflk. Bitterness bit'tur-n^s- f. A hitter tafte ; malice, grudge, hatred, implacability; Iharpnefs, fevcrity of temper; fatire, pi- quancy, kecnncfs of reproach ; forrow, v«* ation; adfflidion. Bitterswfrt, bk'tur Twto. s. An a^le iwhich hM » compounded tafte. B I. A 2U I LA CO.(559) — ^Fite, ftr, fldl, fit ;—m*, mfit }— pipe, pU|- BiTUMiN, b^-tti'men. s. (u8) (503). A fat un£hjou« matter dug out of the earth, or fcummcd off lakes. .^fV This word, from the propeniity of our lan- guage to the antepenultimate accent,i8 often pronounced with the ilrefs on the firftfylla- Me, as if written 6it'if»meH ; and this laft mode of founding the word may be confider- €d as the moft common,thoagh not the moft learned pronunciation. For Dr. kih ii the ^^nly nrtho^pift who places the accent on the firft fy liable ; but every one who gives the found of the unaccented vowels^ except Buchanan, very improperly makes the / lon^, as in idle ; but if this found be long, it ought to be (lender, as in the fecond fylla- ble oi viftblr,terribUi &C. (117) (551). BiTUMiNO*. s, b^-ti'm^-n5s. a. (ii8). Compounded of bitumen. Bivalve, bi'vitlv. a. (ii8). Havin? two valves or Ihutters, ufed of thofe fim that have two ihells, as oyflers. BTVALVULAR,bi-vil'.v6-14r, a. Having two valves. BixwoRT, hiksVilrt, s. An herh. BiZANTiNE, blz'dn-tine. s. (149). A ^eat piece of gold valued at fifteen pounds, which the king offers upon high feftiVal days. f^ Perry is the only orthdepift who pronoun- ces the laft I in this word fhort : and Dr. JohnfoQ remarks, that the firft fyllable ought to be fpelled with jr, as the word ari- ses from the coilom eftabli(hed among the Emperors of Conftantinople, anciently call- ed Byzamtiom. To Blab, blib. v. a. To tell what ought to be kept fecrec* To Blab, blib. v. n.* To tell tales. Blab, blib. s. A telltale. Blabber, bl&b'biir. s. A tattler. Black, blik. a. Of the colour of n^ht ; dark ; cloudy of countenance ; fullen ; horrible, wicked ; difmal, mournful* Black-bryomt, blik-bri'6-n^ s. The name of a plant. Black-cattlr, biik'kit-tl. s. Oxen, bulls, and cows. Black*guaad, bl&g-gird'. a» (44S). A dirty fellow. A low term. Bt.ACK•LEAD9b1ik-^^d^ s. A mineral found in the lead mines, much ufed forpen- dls. Bi*ACK-puDDiNO,blak-p^d'dlng. s. A kind of food made of blood and grain. Black-rod, bUk-r6d'. s. The uftier lielonging to the order of the garter ; fo call- ed from the bbck rod he carries tn hit hand. He » ttlher of t|ie parliamcot. Black, bl4k. s. A black colour; mourning ; a blackamoor ; that part of the eye which is black. To Black, bl4k. v. a. To make black, to blacken. Blackamoor* bl&k'4-m6re. s. A ne>- Blackberry, blik'bdr-r^. s. A {pecies of Ixramble ; the fruit of it. Blackbird, blik'bArd. s. The name of a bird. ^ To Blackbn, bliklcn. v. a. (X03). To make of 4 black colour ; to darken, to defame. To Blackem, bULk'kn. v. n. To gro-w black. Blackish, blak^flu a. Somewhatt black. Blackmoor, bl^k'm^re. s. A ne- gro. Blackness, bMk'n^s. s. Black colour ; darknefs. Blacksmith, b]ak'0n1/i&. s'. A fmitli that works in iron, fo called from being ^e- ry fmutty. Blacktail, bllik'tile. s. The ruff cir pope. A (JB|«11 fifh. Blackthorn, blikVMrn. s. The floe. Bladder, bl4d'ddr. s. (98). That veflel in the body which contains the ariDC; a blifter, a puflule* Bladdbr-nut» bl4d'd(^r-n&t« s. A plant. Bladder SENA,bUd'dAr*&^n'a. s. A plant. Blade, hUde. s. The spire of grafc, the green (boots of corn. Bladc« bWde. s. The (harp or ftriking part of a weapon or inftrument ; a brilk man, eitfier fierce or gay. Blade BONV, bl&de'b6ne. s. The&apu- la. or fcapular bone. If^ Probably corrupted from Platehau : C3ceek Bladld, bU'ddd. a. Having blades or Xpires. Bl A IN, bl4ne« s. A puftole, a blifier« Blame ABLE) bU'mi-bl. a. (405}. Culpable, faulty. BLAMiiABLBiiEssy b}4'ai4.bl-nds« 6. Fault. Blambably, blA'ma-bl&. ad. Culpa- bly. To Blame, bldme. v. a. To cenfure. To charge with a fault. BtAME; bUme. s, Iinputatio& of a fault ; crime, hurt- B L A 219 B L E — 11&, m&ire, ndr, ndt;— «6be, tftb, bdll ;—- 611 ;~p66nd ;— /iin, thu. BiitrEFui.9 bUme'fM. a. CTiminal, •aiky. Blameless, bUroe'Us. a. Guiltlefs, lQlKKCBt« Bl A M £ LS s LY,' blimcl^s-l^ . ad . Inno- ceoiljT* Bl4«iele8]iess» bUfne^Us-a^s. s. Jn- noccDce. Blamrr, bl&'mi&r, s. (98}. A cen« liirer. BLAMEWORTHlTy blAme'w^T.TH^'. a. Culpable, Uameable* To Blanch, blinfli. ▼. a. To whiten ; to ftrip «r peel fvch things as have hulkt ; to cUiUntc, to pafii over. Blanchcr, blln'flitkr. s. (99). A Bland, blind, a. Soft, uaild, gentle. T'o Blandish, blin'difli. ▼. a. To finooth, to fflftor. BLAKDisHifENT, faMu'dlih-mdnt. s. A^ of ioDdocfsyexpreffion of tcndcrnefsby feftore; foft w«r&, kiftft fpeeches; kind BLAVRfbttnk. a. White, unwritten; ccoMfcd; wIthoBt rhyme. Blank, blink. s, A void fpacc ; a lot, by which MCfaing is gained ; a paper un- •wrkttn ; the poim to which as arrow or iboc is direded. Blank! r, bMnkIt s. (99). A wool- len cover, Ibfc, aiidlooicly woven ; a kuid of To Blanket, bUnklt. v. a. To cover vridk ahlaidtct ; to toft in t bhnket. Blankly, blink'U. a. In a blanl^ man- aer, with palenels, with conftilion. To Blaspheme, bl&f-fimc'. v. a. To Ipcak in tenna of impions irreverence of God;tofjxak<»ilof. To Blaspheme, bUf-ftme^ v, n. To ^pcak bla^hemy. Blasphemer, bli<-f^mdr. s. A wretch that fpeaks of God in ioipioiis and irrever* cnt terms. Blasphemous, blis'ft-mds. a. Impi- onfiy irrevcreac with regard to God. fir ^c fomettoies hear this word proooonced with the accent on the fecond fyilablc like Maijpheme ; and as the word hlajpbemns in X*atin has the leoond fylbtbfe loi^, and the Eaghih wonlhasthe fame mmiber of fylla- bks,it has as good a right to the accent on the fec6Bd f^bk» as Bimmu^ Bitmmtn^ Ammtm^ &c ; hut placing the accent on the firftiyWIe of bhOpbemons is b/mndb die tDtA polite ; as,ODfortutiately for the other pronnnciMioo^thongh the learned one,it has been ado^pced by the vulgar {503). Blasphemously, blits'f^-mi^s-ld. ad, Impiouflf , with wicked irreverence. Blasphemt, bUs'ft-m*. s. Blafphemy is an c^cring of fome indignity unto Ooralidate ; to confound, to ftrike with terror. Blastment, hldft'mdnt. s. Sudden ftroke of infeaion. Blatant, blA'tint. a. Bellowing as a calf. To B latter, blut'tir. v. n- To roar. Blay, bU. s, A finall whitifh river fifh ; a bleak. ' Blaze, bUze. ». A flame, the light of the flame ^ pnblicasion ; a wiute mask up- on a horfe. To Blaze, blAie. v. n. To fkme ; to be coBfpicmHU* To Blaze, bldze. v. a. To pablifh, to make known ; to blazon ;.to inflame ; to Arc. Blazer, bld'z(ir. s. (98). One that fpreads reports. To Blazon, bl4'zn. v. a. ( 170). To explain, in prf>per terms, the figores on en- figns armorial; to deck, to embcllifli ; to dif- play, to fet to (how; to celebrate, to fct out ; to blase about, to make publick. Blazonry, bl4'za-rd. $. The art of blasoniog. To Bleach, bte6t(h»v. a- To whiten. Bleak, bWke. a. Pale ; cold, chill. Bleak, bUke. s. A (mall river fifb. Bleakness, bl^ke'n^s. s. Coldnefsi chikieis. Blkaky, hWYL a. Bleak, cold, chill. Blear, blMr. a. Dim with rheum or water ; dim, obfaire in general. Blearkdnbss, bl6^'rSd-n£s. s. {^6$). The ibte of being dimmed with rheum. To Bleat, bl^ew v. n. To cry as a uiecp. Bleat, bl^te. s. The crj of a Ibeep or Iamb. BLEB,bWb. s. Abliftcr. To Bleed, bl^M. v. n. To lofc blood, to run with blood ; to drop as blood. To Bleed, bl*6d. v. a. To let blood. To Blemish, bWmllh. v. a. To mark with any defotmiry ; to defame, to CMrniib, with refped to repatatioo. B L I 220- B L O QCJ* (559)- — Fite, far, fiill, fit j— m*, m^t ;— pke, plni Blemish^ bl^mlrti, s. A mark of de- formity, a fear ; reproach, difgrace. To Blanch, bi^nlh. v. n. (352). To (hrhiky to ftart back. To Blend, bl^nd. v. a. To mingle to- gether ; to confonnd ; to pollote, to fpoil. Blent, bUnt. The oblokte participle of Blend. To Bless^ bWs. V. a. To make happy, to prolper, to wifli happincfs to another ; to praile; to glorify for benefits receiv- ed. Blessed, blds's^d.particip. a. (361). Happy, enjoying heavenly felicity. Blessedly, bl6s'&dd-l^. ad. Happily. Blbssednrss^ bl^s's^d-n^s. s. Hap- puicft, felicity, fandity ; heavenly felicity ; Divine favour. Blkssel, bl^s'stir. s. (9^). He that bleiTes. Blegsing, blis'slng. 9. {410). Bcne- dtdion; the means- of happiiieft; Divine favour. Blest, bl^ft. part.a. (361). Happy. Blew, bli!i. Tlie preterit t)f Blow. Blight, blitc. s. (393). Mildew ; any thing nipping, ar blafting. To Blight, blitc. v. a* Tb blaft, to hinder from fertility. Blind, blind, a. Without fight, dark ; intellc^uaUy dark ; unfeen, private ; dark, ol.cure. To B L IN Df blind, v. a. To make blind ; to darken ; to obfcure to the eye $ to ob- fcure to the underftanding. Blind, blind, s. Something to hijiuler the fight ; femething to miflead. To Blindfold, blind'f6ld. v. a. To hinder from feeing by blinding the eyea. Blindfold, blind'f61d- a. Having the eyes covered. Blindly, blindly, ad. Without fight ; implicitly, without examination; without judgement or diredion. BLINDMAN*S-BVFF,blind-man7.4>l\P. s. A play in which fome one is to have his eyes . covered, rad hunt oat the reft of the com- pany. Blindness, blind'nds. s. Want qf fight ; ignorance, intellcdaal darknefs. Blinds IDE, blind-side', s. Wealcnefs, foible. BLiNOwoRm, blind'wArm. 8. Afmall viper, venomous. To Blink, blink, v. n. To wink ; to fee obfcnrely* 0' Thh w«td has been ufcd for fome years; chiefly in Parliament, as a verb adUve ; at when a fpeaker has omitted to take notice of fome material point in queftion, he is laid " to ilini the queftioo* It were to be wiihe4 that every word which finds its way into that honfe had as good a title to remain there as the prefcut word. It combines ia^ its (Ignification an omiifion and an artful in- tention to omit ; and as this cannot be £• handfomely or fo comprehenfively ezpreifed by any other word, this word, in this fenfe« ought to be received. Blinkard, blink' Qrd. s. (gS\ One that has bad eyes ; fomething twinkling. Bliss, blis. s, 1 he higheft degree of happinefs ; the happincft of bieHcd finiis ; felicity in general. Blissful, blis'fU. a. Happy in the hfgheft degree. Blissfully, bli:>'f&l*]^. ad. Happily. Blissfulne8S> blis'f&l-n^s. s. Hap- pinefs. Blistkr, blis'tAr. s. (98). A puftale formed by railing the cuticle from the cntis ; any fwelling made by the feparatioii of « film or ikin from theiOtherpaftk T< Blister, blls'tdr.v. n. To rifeifi blifters. To Blister, blls'tflr. v. a, To.raife blifters by fome hurt. Blithk, bliFHe. a. (467). Gay, airy. Blithly, bliTH'l^. ad. In a- blithe manner. ^ Thefe compounds of the word iiUhe ovif/bt to be written with the final r, as Uiihefy, bbtbefimet &c. for as they ftand in Johnfon, the f might be pronounced (hnrt.-^See In* trodu6lion to the Rhyming Di^iontfy , Or- thograq)hical Aphorifin the 8th. Blitheness, bliTH'n^s. 1 Bliths^meness. bliTH'sAm-n^. J * llie quality of being blithe. BLiTHsoME,bliTH'sAm. a. Gay, cheer- ful. To Bloat, bWtej v. a. To fwell. To Bloat, blptc. v. n. To grow tur* gid. Bloatednbss, bl6't6d-n6s« gidnefs ; fwelling. Blobbrr, blob'bilr. s. (98). ble. Blobberlip, bl6b'b(ir4ip. s. lip. BLOBBERLiPFBD,bl&b1)Ckr41pC« Blob lipped, b)6b'llpt. Having fwelled or thick lips. Block, bl6k. s. A (bort heavy piece of tiffibc^ ; i toiigb piece of marble *. the t. Tor- A bub- A thick } B LO 221 B LU .•^ nih Jn3ve» ii6r9 n&t ;-*t&be« tAb» b&Il ; — 611 1— pd(^nd ;— -/iUn, THf««' WDodoD which faaU are ibrmcd ; the wood 00 which criminal!* are beheaded ; an ob- ftrodioo, a. ftop ; a fea term for a pulley ; a blockhead. To Block, bl&k. v. a. To fliut up, to cnclofe. Block* HOUsK,bl6k'h6£ire. s. A for- trc& Built to obftruA or block up a paft. Bl ck-tin, bl5k-tln'. s. Tin pure or unmixed* Bloc K A Of t blokJciUie^ s. A fiegc car- ried OD by ihnctiofr up the place. To Blockade, bl6k-k4dc'. v. a. To (hut up. BLOCKHiAP^bUkliM. I. A ftupid fel- low, a dolr,a man withont partt. Blockhcaded» bVok-h^ ed. a. Stu* pidyduU. Blockish, bl6k1(h. a. Stupid, doll Blockishlf, hl6kl{b^L ad. In a (lu- pid fliajDier* BLOCKI^HNKSSt bliklfll^D^. 8. StUpl dity. Blood, bl4d. u ( 308 ) . The red li- (|uor tk« ciRulBtM ui the bodiea of ani mab; dt'dd ; progeny ; family^ kindred defceot, haeage; birth, high extra^ion; mufder, Tident death ; temper of mind, ibce of the pai&ooii | hot fpark ; man of fire. To BlooDj blAd. v. a. To (lain with blood ; to enqre to bhiod, as a hound ; to heat, to exaiperare. Blood-bolter ED, bl&d1>&I-ti!^rd. a. Bkjodfprinkled. BLooDSTONs,bUd'ft&ne. s. The blood- ftoocia green, (potted with a bright blood- rod. Blood-thirstt, bifid Vi^drf-t^.. a. Dc- firooa to filed blood. Blood- FLOWER, blAd'fl6&r. s. A pbttt. Bloodgoiltinsss, bl6d'gilt^^nds. s. BAordcr. Blood-i»oukd, bWd'hiiind. s. A hound that foSowt by the fcent. Bloodily, bliid'*-U. a. CrueBy. Bloodiness, blCid'^-n^s. $. The ftate of hcin^ bloody. BLo>oi.ass, blAd'Us. a. Without Uood, dead ; wichout flanghter. Bloodshed, bldd'ih^d. s. The crime ofUood, or murder ; flaughter. BLQODsuEODEKy bHd'fli&l-dAn s. Murderer. B booDiiioT, bl&d'fix6t« \ BLOODsaoTTKM, MAd'lb&Wfl. J ** Filled with blood bvrfting from itt proper ▼eifcU (103). Bloods ucKitR,blAd'sfik»Ar.s. A leech, a fly, any thing that faelu blood $ a mur- derer. Bloody, bli*id'^. a. Stained with blood ; cruel, murderoui. Bloom, bb6m, s. A bloflbm ; the ilate of immaturity. To Bloom, b15Ain. v, n. To bring or yield bloflbms ; to produce, asbloffom* ; to be in a (late of youth. Bloomy, bl6dm'm£. a.Fullof blooniSf flowery. Blossom, bUs'sto. s. (166). The flower that grows on any plant. To Blossom, blos'sil^m. v. n. To pat forth bloflbms. To Blot, bl^t. ▼. a. To obliterate, to make writing inviiible ; ^to efface, to eraie ; to blur ; to difgrace, to disfigure; to darken* Blot, bl6t. s. An obliteration of fomc* thing written ; a blur, a fpot ; a fpot in re* putation. Blotch, bl6tfh. s. A fpot or puftule upon the ikin. To Blote, blAtc. V. a. To fmokc, or dry by the fmoke. Blow, bl6. s. {%2^). A ftroke; the fatal ftroke ; a lingle adion,a fudden ereut ; the aft of a fly, by which (he lodges eggs in flefh. To Blow, blA. t. n. To move with a current of air : This word is ufcd fometimet imperfonally with It ; to pant, to puff ; to breathe hard ; to found by being blown ; to play mufically by wind; to bloom; to bloT- fom ; To Mow over, to pafs away without efied ; To bh»w op, to fly into the aar by the force of gunpowder. ToBL0w,bl6. V. a. To drive by the force of the wind ; to inflame with wind ; to fwell, to puff into fize ; to fonnd an inftrument of wind mufick ; to warm with the breath ; to fpread by report ; to iofed with the eggs of flies ; To bk>w out, to extinguifli by wind ; To blow up, to raife or fwell with bteath ; Tq blow up, to da- ftroy with gunpowder ; To blow upon, to nuke dale. Plowzb, bliiize. s. (313). Amdc^ fat-faced wench; a female whofe hair it in difotder. Blowzy, bl6&'z^. a. Suxi4>anit, high coloured. BLUBBEK,blflb'bdr. s. The part of a whale that contains the«ik. To BLuaatR, bWb'bdr. v, n. To weep iofttcb amanner as to fwdl the diedn. M B LIT 2ti BOA <0 (559)— ^^te, ftr. filU Bludgeon, bl&d'jAn. s« (259)r A (hort ftick, with one end loaded. BLUEybl^. a ^535)* Oneofthefeven original colours. Bluebottle, bWbAt-tl. s. A flower of the btll Ihape; a fly with a Urge hlue helly. Blu ELY, blii'l^.ad.With a blue colour. ^ There is an incouMency in TpcUing this and ilmilar woi^ds with the (ilent r, and leaving it out in dnty^ and truly ^ which fliows how much our orthography flill wants regu* lating, notwithftan(£ng the. labour and at- tention of Dr. Johufon. My opinion is, that the £ervile t ought to be omitted in thefis words % for my reafons, I muft refer the infpeiftor to the Introdndion to the Khyming Diftlonary, Aphor iiin the Sth. Blueness, bU'nds. s. The quality of being bine. Bluff, blAf. a. Bigifurly, bludering. Bluish. bl&'Ub. a* Blue in a fm^l degree. To Blunder, blAn'dilkr. v. n. (98). To miflake groisly ; to err very widely; to flounder, to ftumble. To Blunder, bl^nMJir. T. a. To mix fooliflily, or blindly. Blunder, bli^n^dQr. s. A grofs or duuiieful miftake. Blunderbuss, blAn^dC^r-bAs. s. A gun that is difcharged with many bullets. Blukderer,. bl&n'd£ir-iEir. s. A block* head. BLUNDERHEAD»bll^n'ddr-hid. s. A ftupiid fellow. BLUNT»blAnt* a. Dull on the edge or point, not fharp ; dull in under ftandiog, not Ijuick \ rough, not delicate ; abrupt, not ele- gant. To Blunt, bl&nt. v. a. To dull the edge or point \ to rcpref» or weaken any appetite. Bli/ntly, bltinrt^. ad. Without fliarpnefs; coarfely, plainly. Bluntn ESS, bl6nt'n^. s. Want of edge or point, coarfeneft, roughnels of manners.. Blur, bl(^r. s. A blot, a (lain. To Blur, blflr. v. a. To blot, toef- hct ; to fiain. To Blurt, blfirt. v. a. To let fly without thinking. To Blush, bli5(h» v. n. To betray ihame or confufion, by a red Golour in. the cheeks ; to carry a red colour. Blush, blAfh. s« The colour in the theeks; a red or purple colour; fudden stppeamocci fit ;— m^ mhl ;«^piDe, pin ;-i^ Blushy, bld(h'd» a. Having tbe co^ lour of a blttih. To BlustbR) blCks'tfir. v. n. To roar, as a ftorm ; to buUy, to puff. Bluster,: bli^s^tiSir. s. Roar, noife, tumult ; boaft, boiftcroulnels. Blusterer. bliis'tC^r-ik. 8. A fwag- gerer, a bully. Blustrous, bl^'trds. a. TumultOk^ ous,ooify. Bo, b&. interj. A word of terroor* Boar, b6re s. (295). Tbe malefwine. Board, b6rd. s. A f>iece <)f wood of more length and breadth than thickucfs; a table, at which a council or court is held ; %• coBTt of jurtfdi^on ; ^edeckorfloorof a (hip. To Board, b&rd. v. a. To enter a (Kip hy force ; to attack, or make the firH at* tempt ; to lay or pave with boaitis. To Board, b6rd. v. n* To live in a houie, where a. certain i«te is pai^ for eat- ' iPff« B^ARD-wAGms, b&rd-w4'|lz. s. (99). Wages allowed to fierranta to Jbeep thon^ feWes in ■ visuals. Boarder, b6r'ddp. s. One who diets with another at a certain rate. BoARi»H, b^re^lh. a. Swiniih^ brutal, crueL Tb Boast, b6fl. v. n; To difplay one's own worth or a^ons. To Boast, b6ft. v. a. To brag of; to- magnify, to exalte Boast, b6(l. s. Aproudfpeech ; caufe of boaftihg. Boaster, b&ft'Ar. s. A bragger. Boastful, boft'fM^ a. Oftentatiouan. tBoASTiNTGLT, b6ft'bg4^.ad. OAenta- douily. Boat, b6te. 8» {tgs\' ^ ^^^ ^ V^ the water in. BoATiON, b6.A'(hdn. s. Roar, noife. Boatman, b6te'mdn. \ .gj.* BoATSMAN, bfttes'mtn. J *' ^^^^' He that manages a boat. Boatswain, bo'fn, s. An officer on board a fliip, who has charge of all her ng* ging, ropes, cables, and anchors. ^ 1 ttis word is aniverlaUy prowowwyd in common converfation as it is here maxlced : but in reading it would faTour fomewhat of vulgarity to contrad it to a found £b ^cry unlike the orthography. It would be vui- vifeable, therefore, in tfaofe who are not of the naval profeffion, where it is tcduical, to pronounce this word, when they oead ii* diilindly as it it wtittoo. BOH 223 B OL «-]ii»inATe, ndr, nfit; tftbc, tAb, To Bob, b6b v. a- To beat, to drub ; CO dot, to gain by fraad* To BoBt b^b. T. xu To play backward aod forward. Bob, b6b. s. Somethiog that hangs (b OS to play loofe ; the words repeated at the end cf^ Aaiiza^ ablow ; a Ihort wig. BoBBiii, bob'b'in. s. A finall pin of wood with a notch. BoBCHtKRY, b6b't{h^r6. $• A play flDoBg children, in which the cherry is hiuyg ib as to hob againft the month. Bobtail, bAb'tMe. s. Cttt tail. BoBTjLitBis b6b't41Ua. (359). Hav- ingatailcQt. BoBWtQ, b^Mg'. ^ A fliort wig. To BoD£, b6de. ▼. a. To portend, to be the omen dC BopEMijiT, bdde^m&it. s. Portent, To Bodge, h&dje^ v. n. To boggle. Bodice, b&d'dls. s. (142}* Stays, a w«ftcootqmked with whaJehone. BoDii.«ss, bM'd6-U& a. Incorporeal, witboocahody. BooiLT, b^d^d^Ig. a. Corporeal, con- taioiBg^ body ; reMqg to the body , not the -mnd; jcaJ, adiial. BoDitr, hodW-te. ad. Corporeally. BoDKiv, bid'kin. «. Aninftrnment with a finaObhtde and ihai^p point ; an in- ibmtenttodraw a thread orriband through a loop; an inftmment todrefa the hair. Body, b6d'dfe. $, The material fub- ftaice ol an animal ; matter, oppofed to' %Mtt ; a pcrCoo ; a bnman being ; reality, oppticd to reprefattadoo ;* cnllediTe mafo; thg wain aimy; the battle; a corporation ; the OBtward cooditioQ ; the main part ; a pnded, agoietal coOeftion ; "ftre^tb, .as wteeoCagoodbody. BOOY-CLOATHB, b6d'd*irit ; confident, not fcrupuo lous ; impudent, rude ; licentious ; ftanding out to the view ; To n^ake bold, to uke ireedoms. To BoLDEH, bild'd'n. v.n. (loa). To make bold. ' Boldface, b61d'f^e. a. Impudence, faudnefs. Boldfaced, bAld'ftfte. a. Impuden^ Boldly, b61d'l6.ad. In a bold manner. Boldness, b&ld'nl^s. s. Courage, bravery ; exemption from oaotion ; affur« ance, impadence. Bole, bAle. s. The body or tmnk of a treet • kind of earth ; a meafure of corn containing &l boihels. SoLis, b6'l!s. s. Bolts i« a great fiery .ball, fwifdy hurried through the air, and generally drawing a tail after it. Boll, b61e. s. (406). A round (lalk or ilem. Bolster, b61e'(ldr. s. Semething tlaid in the bed, to fopport the head ; a pa4 or quilt ; comprels for a wound. To Bolstsb, bAle'ftiir. v. a. To fttpport the head with a bolfter ; to alibrd a bed to ; to hold woundstogether with a com* prefs ; to'fupport, to maintain. Bolt, b^lt. s. An arrow, a dart ; a thunderbolt ; Bok uprwht, that is, upright a5.an arrow ; the bar of a door ; an iron to faftefl the legs; aXpot or ftain. To Bolt, b^lt ▼• a. To fliutorfaften with a bolt; to blurt out; to fetter, to fhac- kle4 to lift, or ieparate with a fieve ; to ex- amiiM, to try out ; to purify, or purge. To Bolt, b61t. v. n. Tofpringoujj with rpeedand faddetmefe. BOM 324 BON ^ (559).— Fate, fir, All, fit BoLTHR, Wlt'i'ir. s. A fleve to fepa- ratc meal from bran* BoL>-HEAD, boltOi^d. ». A long ftraig:ht-necked gUfs vcicl; a matrafe, or receiver. Bolting-house, b61t'ing-b66fe. «. The plaoe whete meal is fifted. BoLTSPRiT, or Bowsprit, b6Tpr!t. 8. A maft running out at the head of * flilp, not ftanding upright, hut allopc. BoLU», bo%s. s. A medicine made ap into a foft mafs, larger than pilU. BoMB« bfim. s. (165). A loud noifc; a hollow iron ball, or ihell, filled with gun- powder, and fumi(hed with a vent for a fn- fee, or wooden tube, filled with combuftible matter ; to be thrown out from a mortar* {5r I do not hcfitatc to follow Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Nares in thia word, and all its com^ pounds, in giving the 0 its fourth found, equivalent to the fccond found of if, though contrary to Mr. Sheridan's pronunciation, which makes it rhyme with 7omyJrwM,8Lc, Dr. Johnfon's derivation of the word to Bump, from the fame origin as Awn*, makes the pronunciation 1 have given more agree- able to analogy. Bomb chh.st. b'^m'tOi^ft. s. A kind of cheil filled with bombs, placed under- gcound, to bk>w up in the air« Bomb-k£tch, biim'k^tfti. ? ^ BoMB-vLssPL, bum'v^s-sel. > A kind of (hip, ftrongly built, to bear the ihock of a mortar. BnMBARD, biim'bArd. s. A great gun ; abarrel for wine. To Bombard^ b&mMrd'. v. a. To attack with bombs. Bombardier, bi^m-bir-d^dr'. s. (275 \ The engineer, whofc employment it is to fhoot bombs. Bombardment, biVm-bird'radnt. s. An attack made by throwing bombs. BoMBASiN, bftm-b4.zi^n'. s. A flight filken ftuff. Bombast, bdm'bdft. s. Fttftian, big words. B«WBAST,biim-b4ft'* a. Higt found- ing. Bombastick, bt\m.b4s'tlk. a. Higb- founding, pompom. ^ Dr. Afh is the only lexicographer who ha» inferted this word ; but I diink its general iifage entitles it to a pkce in the language, cf|>ecia]iy as it has the true ^ed^ive tcrmif nation, and relieves us from the inconveni- eace to which our hmgnage a fo iiilijed, that of having the Aibftantive and Bi^oAm of fhe (ame toim i ml tkoi^b, at hmtafi ; — tnd, m^t ; — pints, j»n ;-^ ftands in Dr. Johnfoo« the fubftantive haa the accent or the laft fyUabie, and the ad- jeAive on thefirft, contrary, 1 think, to tite analogy of accentuation (494) ; yet this is but a bungling way of fupflying the want of different words for different parts of fpeech. — See Bowl. DOMBULATION, bto-bi'R'fh'm. $• Sound, no^fe. BoNAROBA, bi'iid-ro'biL s. A whore. BoNAsus, b6-n4'sAs. i» A kind of buffaloe. Bonchrktiam, b6n-krd'tfhWn. s. A fpecies of pear. BoNDy b6nd. s. Cords, or chains, wiili which any one is bound ; ligament that holds any thing together; union, connei ton ; imprifonment, captivity ; cement of union, caofc of union ; a writing of obHgatioB; taw by which any one is obliged. Bondage, btin'dige. s. (90). CaptivU ty, impriibnment. Bondmaid, bond'mide. s. A uomau Have. Bondman, bond'min. s. (88). A man flave. Bond<^er?ant, b(^nd's^r-vaQt. s. A flave. Bondservice, bond's^r-vls.s. Slavery. Bond&lavc, b<^nd'fl4ve. s. A man in flavery. Bondsman, bondz'mln. s. (jS). One bound for another. Bondwoman, bond'wim-fln. s. A woman flave. BoKK b6ne. s. The folid parts oftlic body of an animal ; a fragment of meat, a bone with aa much flelh a» adheres dice To BoNSfb&ne. v. a. To tak^ oiu ilie bones from the flefli. Bone LACS, b6ne-liLfe'. s« Flaxen lace* Bo V BLESS, b^ne'Us. a. Without bones. To BoNtsBT, bonc's^t. ▼• n. To rc- flore a bone out of joint, or join a bone broken. ^ BoN rsetxery bo«ie'«^-t&r« s. One wko makes a pcadice of fetting boocf. Bonfire, bdb'flre. s. A fire made for triomph. ^ Mr. Sheridan pronounces thia word ime^ firt ; Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and W. Johnfton, make the firft fyDable rfajrme with An; and though ia tie firil edition of thjfe Diftioaat^ I made it riiyme with tuny I now prdcr tiie fiMud rliynMng trithrfM. BOO 325 BOH -^ ah, mbfTtf ]aAr» ii6t ;«-«U>e, t6b, BoiTGRACEf bdn'gr&t. s. A covering kttht foirelMail. BoK v£T,b6n'nlt. s. (99). A hat« a cap. BotcMBTs, bon'niu. s. Small fails fet ao the courict of tlK miseo, malnrail, and fordaiJ. BoMNiuY, b6n^n^>l& ad« Gayly, hand- fondy. BonxtNBss, b6o^ii^<4i^ s. Gayety, fandibmoeffc BoHKYy b5n'n^. a. Handfome, beau- tifiil;gpy, merry. BoHHY-CLAiBERt bdii^i^-kldb'bil^r. s. Sour buttermilk. BoMUM Magnum, b&'ndm-m&g^ndmr 1. A great pbunb. Bony 9 b6'n6. a. Confiding of bones ; fiiU ofboocs. Booby, b^d^b^. s. A dull» bcavy, ftu- pid fdlaw. Book, b66k. f . A Yohime in which we read or write ; a panicubu* part of a wock I the re^fter in which a trader her p« as accmmt; In bfca, m kifid rememhrance; Wuhoat book» \j nenory. To Book, b46t ▼. a. To regtftcr in a book. BooKKS£PfNG,bMk'k^p-1ng. s. The art of keeping accounts. BooKBfif]>£K, b6dkl>in.ddr. f. A man whole profeffion it b to hind books. BooKFUL, b<^6k'f(il. a. Crowded with imdigeftcd knowledge. Bookish, b6dk^fh. a. Glyen to books. BooKisHXESs, b66k11h-o^ s« Over- BooKLEARiiEDyMdk^Uni-^d.a. Verfed BooKLBARNiNG, bd6k1^m-1ng. s. Skill in ikaMmti acqaaintcd widi books. B00KMAN9 bddk'mftn. s. (88). A man whoCe 'peoieffioD b the ftudy of books. BooKMATB, bddk'm&te. s. Scbool- feOow. BooKSKtLEt, bddk's^MAr. s. A man whole proleffion it is 10 fcit books. BoOKWoaM, bddk'wAim. s. A mite that eats holes hi books; a flodent too cbfe- ly Used spon books. BooM» b66m, s. In fea langoage, a keg pole olbd to Ijpread out the che of ^ fti^dii^ iaa ; a pole widi bdhcB or baf- keta, Cet «p aa a mark to fliew the Tailors kaw^a fteer ; a bar kudacrofii» hafhenr, to keep aat the enemy. Tip Book, bdtau v. &• To mih with bAH I— -Ail ;<— ^(ind ;— l£tii» yhis. Boon, bd<2tt, s. A gift, a graau BooN,bjon. a. Gay, merry. BooR» Mdr. s. A lout, a down. Boorish, bddr'ifli. A. Clowntih, rof- tick. Boorishly, bAdr^ifh*!^. ad. After a clowniih manner. BooRisHNftss« bMrl(h-n£s. s. Coarft« nefs of manners. To iJooT, b6At. r. a. To^profit, to ad- fanugc \ to enrich, to benefit. Boot. b66t. s. Protit, gain, ad^an- tsge ; To hoot, with adTantage, orer and above ; booty, or plunder. Boot, bd6t. s. A covering for the leg, ufcd by horfemea. Boot of a Coach, bddt. s. The place under the coach-box. B(>oT*HOfiB, bootlidze. s. Stockings to ienrefor boots. BooT-TREfi, bddt'trM.s. Woodibaped like a leg, to be dniYco into boots for ftvetch* tag them. BcoT-CATCHfiR, bddt'k^tfli-fir. s. Tbe perfon wbofe bufinefs at an inn is topuUoff the boots of pafleogers. BooTLD, bddt'^d. a. In boots. Booth, bA6TH s, A houfe built of boards or boughs. B<^>oT i.Ess, bddc'Us. a. Ufelefs, una- vailing ; without fuccefs. Boot v, b6d't*. s. Fkmder, pillage ; things gotten by robbery; To play booty, to lofe by defign. Bo PEEP, b6-p^dp*. s. To play Bopeep, is toolook ont» and draw back, as if frighted. BoRACuio, b6-r&t'tfh6. s. A drunlatd. BoRABLf, b^'ra-bL a* That may be bored. Borage, bftr'lidje. a. (90) (165). A plant. Borax. b6'rilks. &, An artificial fait, prepared from Ikl ammoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, fea (ah, and alum, dilTolved in wine. BrRDSL, b6r'd£l. s. A brotheli a baw- dy-hottle. BoRDfiR, bAr'dAr. s. (98). The outer part or edge of any thing ; the edge of a coumry ; the outer part of a garment adorn- ed with needlo-woric ; a bank raffed round a garden, and fet with flowers. To B RO8R, bor'dAr. v n. To confine upon ; to approach nearly to. To BoRD&R, b6r'ddr. v. a. To adorn with a border ; to reach, to touch. BoRPBRER, b6/dfir-^r. s. (555). He that dwells on the borders. Bt) S 226 BOU adr (559)-— F4te, flr, faH, ftt ;—jai^ m&t;^p\act pki ;-^ To BoRBy bore. v. a. To pierce in a hole. To BoRE» l>6re. v. n. To makea hole ; to ptilh forwards to a certain point. Bore, t^re. s. The hole made by boring ; the inftmment with which a hole ifi bored ; the fizc of any hole. Bore:, hire. The preterit of Bear. BoR€AL, bo'T^-li. a. Northern. B0REAS9 b6'rc 4s. «. The north wind. Bore E , b&-r^'' s* A ftep in dancing. BoRV, bdrn. Come into life. B0KNE9 b^rne. Carriedy fupponed. ' See Appendix. OROUGH, bAr'ri. « (318) (j9o). A town with a corponttion. To Borrow, b6r'T6. v. a. To take ibmething from another upon credit ; to aik «of anotherfhe uie «f fometking for a time ; to life as oac*s own, though not beloBging toose. Borrower* bir^ri-iir. -s. He that borrows ; he that take» what a another^ BoscAGB, b6s'kije. s. (90). Wood, or woo(tiand^ Bosky. b6s'k6 a: Woody. Bosom, bdd'zQm. s. The bread, the lieart ; the innermofi part of an endofure; the folds of the drefs that cover the hreaft ; *ht tender affedions ; inelinAtion ; defire ; IP compofition, implies intimacy, confidence, Amdiuls, as my bofom firiend. * :f^ This word i« pronovnced four ways, j9o- Mtm^Suamtm^ and Baojum^ the m like u m Ml; and &0osm», te m in hmje, Sheridan and Scott adopt the third found ; Perry fcems to mark the fourth ; Dr. Kenrick has the fe- cond and fourth, but feems to prefer the for- Qier ; and W. JcJmftoo^s the fecond ; as>d that is, in my opinion, the moft general ; hut the ftage feems to have adopted the fourth frand, which has gif en it a currency among poAite fpeakcrs, sod makes it the moft fa- ihional)^. Mr. Elphinfton, a nice obferver, 4a well as a degp inreftigator, announces the fecond, but tells us that the third was the origin^ pronunciation. To Bosom, b66'zflin. v. a. To in- dofe in the bofom ; to conceal in privacy. Boson, bo'fn. s. (170) (103). Cor* mpted from Boatfwaio, which fee. Boss« b6s. s. A ftud \ the part rifing IB the midft of any thing; a thick body of any kind. BossAGC, b6s^s4je. s. (90). Any Aooe that has a procedure. BosvEL, b6z'v£l. 8. (448). A fpecies «ferpwfoot. a. Relat- ».) Botanic A i^ b6-f^'^-UU. > . B0TANICR, b6-tlin'nlk. J ' iog to herbs, (killed in herbs* Botanist, b6t'4-nlft. s. (503, (543)* One Skilled in ftUnts. BoTANOLOGY, b6t4n-61'6-j6, s. A difcoiirfe upon plaau (5i8\ Botch, b6tfh. s. (352). A fwelliiig„ or eruptive difcoloradon of the (kin ; a nart' in any work ill finiihed ; an adventitioiis part clumfily -addod. To Botch. b6t(h. v, a. To mend oc patch clothes clamfily ( to pot tbgtiher uofuitably, or unlkiifuHy^ to mark witk botches. BoTCHY, bit'tflife. a. Marked with botches. Both, \3hth. a. (467). The twa Both, b6/A. conj. As well. BoTS, b6ts. s. Small worms in the BovuD-sTONR, b6imd'ft6ne. 3 «. A ftBttewpbywith. BouMDL£ssi$Bss, b66ndl^n£s« s. '£zcniptiQfiijBam hnuti* Boir»DLEs5, bi^^nd'Us. a, Unlimtc- ed, nnconfiocd* BouHTBOus, b&fio'tdii&*ds« a. (263). Uicniykiad, genecoQt* Boty«TSotJsi.T9 b64];k'tcfa6-A946« ad. Libcffdly, je&eroiilly* BouNTEousNEst, b6(m'tcb^As-n^a» s. nnuuflccnce, nberatity* BouHTiFOL, b66a^t^fi^ a. Liberal, geDewtHtip ipWHnffnt. Bou«TiruLi.T> b66n^t£-ftiM^. ad. Lftcxally. BouNTiTULuBss, b6do't^«f!U-n^s. s. The qgaatity of being bountiful, genero&y. BocnrriHEAD, bAiiai't^-h^d. BovMTYHooD, b6An'cd-hAd- GoodndiyTirtBe* BoDvrr, b6(tai't6. s. Gcncrofity, fiberaiity , smificence* To BovRGEOM, bAr'jte. v. n. (313). {XS9)* '^^ iproot, to (hoot into branches. BooEN, bArxKr. s. . A bound, a limit ; a bro^ a torrent. 4pr ikavc differed firom Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Xotrick in the- proaoociation of this, word, they make it* fovnl as if written Sm9^ bvc il my memory ful me not, it is h b&ll V— AB ;— pAfind :— /iHn, thut. ariiymetoflPMmvpontheftage; and Mh Garrick fo pronounced it. ** That imdifcover'd country, from whole Uurm "* No travcUcr rtianu"^Shmit^mre*4 hamlet, I am fortified in thu proonnciatioa by the fofiragesof Mr. £lphinftoa, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Smith. To Bouse» b66ze. v. lu To drink hiTilhiy. Bousr, bdd'z^.- a. Drunken. Bout, b66t. s. A turn, as much of as aAion at is performed at one time. To Bow, b66. V. a. To bend, or infied ; to bend the body in token of tefped or fubmiffion ; to bend, or incline, in coo* defccnfion ; to deprefs, to cmlh. To Bow, h6ii, V, A. To bend) to fiifier flexore ; to make a reverence ; to ftoop ; to fink imdcr preflhrc. Bow, b6^. 8. An aft of reverence or, fiibmifliob. Bow, b&. 8. An inftniment of war ; a rainbow ; the infiniment with which ibmg inftmmenu are played opon ; the doubling of a firing in a flip knot ; Bow of a ibip, that part of hei which begint at the loof^ and ends at the ftemmofl; part of the &ve- caille. To Bow, bi. To bend tideways. f^ While fome words ate narrowing and ooiW' trading their original fignification, othns arc dividing and fttiidividing imo a thoofiad diHerent acceptations. The verb to i*w rhyming with tvw might originally figaify flexure every way, and fii fenre for tfaat a4^n which made any thing crooked, Isc iu diredion be what it would : but it ap> pears ccitain, that at prefcnt it only meaa» that flexwre which is vertical, and whsdb may be called a Stwng damm^ but is by oo means fo applicable to that flexure which is fidcways or h^risomalt and £ai which, oe» ceifity feemainicnfihly to have brought the verb I have infcrted into ufe. Th» veri^ Seems accompanied by the word m# as the other is by i/«fM, and we may fiiy fuch a thing hvw* dfwm^ but another thing i««w mT, or fwells fideways: the firft verb ispv^ Rounced fo as to rhyme with cotv, mw, JU;. and the laft with ^, m, dec. Mihon fecma to have ofed the word with this £onui, where in his Ptrnfirt/h be fiiyu ■■ ** And love the high mhwed roof, ** \V idi aiiti^iue pilhuV mafly proof. ** But as nothing can tend mare to the ambi<>^ Sity of hmguage than to have words ipd- 1 in the fimie manner founded diflerently in order todiftinguiih their meaning by their pronunciation, I would humbly adira& ta BO W 228 BOW (O (559).— FAte, fer, fall, fit ;~in^, m^t ;— pine, pln;~ fpcll the word i#w (fo ftoot with), and the verb to bow (to hcnd fidcwtys), with the final e; this flight addition wUl relieve a reader from the embarraflment he- i« under at firA fight, where he it not thoroughly acquainted with the circumftancen of a re- lation, and does not know how to pronounce the word till he has read the context. For the propriety of this additional ^, fee the words Bowl and Form. 1 cannot refrain from quoting Mr. Nares on this word, as his opiubn has gteat autho- rity :— ** A hew for arrows, and to bow, " when it fignifies merely to bend any thing, " have mo like • long. This diftin^ion I ** believe to be right, though our great ** Lexicographer has not noticed it. He *' gives to ^tir, in every fenfe, the regular *' found of ow, (that is rhyming with cvw.) ** But of this inflance the firft and fourth " appear to be erroneous ; the third is ^ doubtful ; and in the fecond, the word is *^ ufed to exprefs an inclination of the body, *< but metaphorically applied to trees. See " the four inftances from Shakefpeare, Dry- ** den, and lK>ck, under To bow^ v. a. " Ko. I.'* A wantof atteBding to the diiferent ideas the word bvw conveys, as it is differently found- ed, has occafioncd the inconfiftcnt fea termb; the bow of a fliip, rhyming with eowt and an anchor, called the beft bo-u^r^ rhyming with hour ; and bow^ in the word bnofprit, rhyming withjv, w, &c. Bow-bent, b6'Wnt. a. Crooked. Bow.HANO»b6'hand s. ThQliand that drawa the baw. Bow-LBGGED, bo'Wgd. a. (359). Hav- ing crooked legs. Bowels, b&^'dls. s. Inteftines, the veflek and organs within the body ; the in- ner parts ef any diing ; tendemefs, compaf- iion. Bower, b6iVifh-. %, (98). An arbour : it fcems to fignify, in Spcnfer, a blow, a ftrokc. Bower, h6^i'fir. s. Anchor fo called. Bow£Rv,b quor, rhyming with boU. I remember hav- lfl]g^ec& corre^ed 1>7 Mr. Garrick for pro- nouncing it like Uml: and am upon the whole of •pinion, that pronouncing it as 1 have marked it it the preferable mode, though the lea ft analogical. But as the velTet has indifpntably this fonnd, it is ren- dering the language flill more irregular to give the ball a dittiervnt one; The incon- venience of this irregularity is often perceiv- ed in the word botv ; to have the lame word fignify different things, is the fate of all lan- guages; but pronouncing the fame word differently to fignify different things, is multiplying difficulties without neceiEty ; for though it may be alleged that a differ- ent pronunciation of the fame word to fig- nify a different thing is in fome mealore remedying the poverty and ambiguity of language, it may be anfwered, that it is in reality increafing the ambiguity by fietting the eye and ear at variance, and obliging the reader to undcrfttad the context be- fore he can pronounce the word. It may be urged, that the Greek and Latin lan- guages had thefe ambiguities in words which were only diftinguifliable by thctr quantity or accent. But it is highly pro- bable that the Greek langiftge had a writ- ten accent to diftinguim fuch words as were pronounced difoently to fignify dif- ferent things, and this is equivalent to a dif- ferent fpelling ; and though the Latin word Ugo fignified either u read or to/end^ accord- ing to the quantity with which the firft fyl- lable was pronounced, it was certainly an impcrfcdion in that language whidi ought not to be imitated. Ideas and combinitions of ideas will always be more nomcroos than words; and therefore the fauM word will often ftand for very different ideas : but al- tering the found of a word without altering the fpelling, is forming an unwritten lan- guage. To Bowl, fcAle. v. a. To play at bowh ; to throw bowls at any thing. Bowler, b61ilr. s. He that plays at bowR Bowline, boiMln. s. A rope fadened to the middle part of the outfide of a fail. Bowling-green, b6'ling.grifn. s. A level piece of ground^ kept finooth for bowlers. Bowman, b6'mdn. s. (88). Bowsprit, biTprlt. s. which fee. Bowstring, bA'ftrlng. s. The ftring by which the bow is kept bent. Bow-window, b6'win'dA. ^ Dr. Johnfon derives this word, and, pcr- hajMi, juftly, from Bay-^imdo^^ or a window forming a bay in the internal past of the rooms Imtprafent coftom has tmivetfally An archer. Boltfpric ; 41 A A * RA from the canre, like a Avw^ wmek tknyibrm made the a long aad ftcndcv aa In jrwj, u aodjaft,thcrc£oi«» Dr. ] boks'te, u A nun who fid^i a Wltht^^f, ^ Boy.hW $.(484 A wwU child* no« »^ ; QD^ in the (lale pf ftdoMceoce, oi4f r i^ ao JA^mt; i ward ef owt^napt fo« fomiigmeD. UoYH^op^ W^TiW. ji. The ft^te of a ^- Bovisir* )i6d1fli, ft, Bdpainxig to a hoy;^tIi)i6lftnfi|M^ BoTisHLT,t>6inib4^afl, CbildiAJy, ttiitisiglf, 9cfi,CKaime& BoTisii,b^4aziiL s, PnwTitFr ^Wifh^ SiiAi9Lc»br^l>l, $r (405), A ila* To BftABEi.1^ brAt/U. y. lu To co teftnmfily. BftAmsctt.brtt'Ur. s. AdanicKMS! To fift4f K, MA, ?, •» To biQd» i» tie Bract* bi^We. «. CtnAore, bandage ; dMt wUeh faoldiiay tfahig tight ; Braca of acoodL ehldk firapt of leather on wMA it hnp? fltncea Ift frbcing, a crooked Uiie hi. cmig a paflage^aa in a triplet^ i«aion« Bft*cE,M&. f . A paU.a CQ^p|tk. BR^CK«rfwtrd6ridt,s» Aa^a^»aale&c AreheBML Petry, and Mr. ycott ; and nut Ihorc «• ia W>>M Mr. Sheridan haa marked iC( ^d which, 1 bcKeTc, it the prevailtag frmna^ ciation 10 Irebnd : for though many coi»* pound* ihorten the towcI in the fimple, at It ibewn at large in ti^ Pringplct 0/ Ptp. Kinciatioa. (jo8^ (sxs) 5 y« I think fiich w«rdi«reezoaptAoiki at are only dimiastlTta. phiralf and fcminfaefc^FATEONau* BaAC«a.brA'iAr.$.(98> Aciaa«rc, a bandage* BtACH, hrAtflu I, (ajj.). a b»t«h hoond« BRACHYGRAfify, bfiJslg'grt.f*. f. The art or praAke of wn&g in a Aort compaft (353). BRAca, br&k. s. A breach. BtACKEr, brdk'klt. f. (99). Apiece fif wipod fi<«d fi^r the fupport of ifamethfajr. BaAc— FAte; ftr, ftll* %;*-«*, m*l ;— i>iiie, plni_ , BaAtvPAv, br4ne'p4ii. b. Tht ikull coDtainin;^ the braiAfw .BiL^iNSic«,brdne'sik. a.. Ad(9ehead- ed, giddy. Brain SICKLY, brdne'slk-W.ad. Weak- ly, headily. Bratnsickness, br^ne'slk-nds. s.. Im difcrecipD, glddinefi. Brake, br&ke. The preterit of Break. Brake, brake, s. Fern, brambles. Brake, br&ke. 9. An inftrument for drelEng hemp or flai ; the handle oC* (hip*t pump ; a baker's koeading-troiiglu Braky, br&'k& a* TDomy, prickly, rongh. BRAMBLB«btim'bL s. (405\ Black- berry bttih, dewberry boih, nifpberry b«ih ; any rou^ prickly ihnib. - BrAMBLtNd; br4m'bllnfi[. s. A bird; called alfo a mouutato cha%ndi. BRAN>br&h. s; llie hufks of com grduad. BiiANC!!, brintfh. s. (is^) (jS) The ihoct of a tree from one of the main bouglU ; any diftant article ; any part that ihoouout > from the reft ; a fmallcr river running intb a larger ; any part of a family defccnding in a coUaiecah Uoq ; the of^psing, the de- fce&dattt ; the antlers or ihoots of a ftag*a horn. ^ 4 To Branch, bdlnlfli. v. n. To fpread in brai^chet ; to fpread into feparate parts ; to fpeak diifufiYely \ to have horns fliooting out. ^ To BRAiiCH,brdmfli. v.a. Tb dHrtde as into branches^ to adorn with'neecUe- work. Br AN CHER, bran'tihAr. s. .One that flioots out into branches ; in falconry, a young hawk. Branchin1!ss, !Mln'fli&-ti^. s« Fuk nefs of branches. Branchless, briiifhlif. a. Wfthout (hoots QT boughs ; naked. Branchy', brln'fh^. ' . a. Full of branches fpreading. Brand, brdnd s. A ftick lighted, or fit to be lighted ; a fword ; a thunderbolt ; * • a nark made by burning with a hot iron. To Brand, br&nd. y.'S. To mark with a note df inOuny. Brandgo^^Sj^, br&od'gdAi. s« A kind of wild fowl*. To Brandmh, brAn'dlfli. ▼. a. To wave or fhake ; to play with, to flonrilh. * Brandli^, br&ndlhig. s. A particu* larworfltf ^RANtfy^dLnM^. i. A fiipng liqoor diftiOcd mn wioe« Br ANGLE, far&tig'gL s. (405). Squab- ble, wrangle. To BRAN<3Lt, bdlng'gl. v. n. (405). To wrangle, to r<{ttabble. Brank, brink* s. Buckwheat. Branny, brin 'r\t. a- Having the ap- pearance of bran, BRAsiFR,bri'zhi!ir. s.fzSs)- A ma- nuladurcr that works iobrafs; a pan to hold coals. Brasil, or Brazil, br&-z^r. s. An American wood,conmionly fuppofixl to have been thus denominatedfbecaufe firft brought from Brafil. Brass, br^. s. A yellow metal, made by mixing copper with bpis caUminaris; impudence Brasmn B&s, briU's^-n^s. a. An ap* pearance like brais. Brassy br&s's^. a Fartakiiigofbrafs;. hard as brais ; impudent. Brat« brie 8. A child, Co called in coDterapt ; the progenr, the offipring. Bravado, bra-vi'dd. js. A boaft, a bcag.— See Lumbago. Brave, brive. a. Courageous, darings bold ; gmUant, having u noble main ; ma|p^ nificent, grand ; ezceUent, noUe. Brayr, br&ve. s. A heAor, a man daring beyond prudence or fitse&; a boall, a,chailfnge. To Bravb, br&ve. v. a. To defy, to challenge ; to carry a boufting appearance* Bravbly, brAve'l^. ad. la a brave manner, conrageoufly, galhntry. Bravery, brirvtir-ri. s. Is^S)' Coa- . rage, magnanimity; iplendour, magnifi* cence ; ihow, oftentatton ; braYado, bwft. Bravo, brVv6. s. Sfanijh, A man wbe murders for hire. To Brawl, br4wl. v. n. To quarrel Boifily and indecently ; to fpe^lc loud and indecently ; to make a noHe. Brawl^ br&wl. 5. Quarrel, n(nfe,fcor- rility. Bbaw^er, briw'b&7. s. A wrangler. Brawn, brawn, s. The flcfby or muP aikms part of the body ; the arm^ fo called from its being nrafcuMs ; bulk, mulcvlar firength ; the flcih of a boar; a boar. Brawnrr. br^w'nCkr. s. A boar killed for the tabk. Brawn IN ESS, briw^a^n^.i Strei^;th, hardnefr. Brawny, br&w'nf. a. Mufculoixs» ilcfliy, bulky. To Bray, bHL v. a. To p(Muid» oar grind linaH. B It £ !J3t B £ R To B£A7» brA. V. n. To make a noife jiiD a£i; to make an offenfive noife. Briv, br4. s. Noifcy ^bund. Brayer, brA'fir. s. One that brays like an a& ; witli priBtefs, as inllrttmcot to temper the ink. To Braze, brAze. v^ a. To {older with' bra& ; M harden «o impatience. BaAifif, ]>r^'2n. a. (103). Made of braii; preceedfaig ftom brafs ; iBipudent. To Brazes, bri'zn. r, n.. To be ini- padcnt^to biillf • BfiAiF.NPACft, bri'zn-f^fe. s. An im- p«iAeBt stretch. Bb.azeh¥ac£D, brA'zn-fA(le«a. (359}. Impndcnt, ikamele£». Brazenness, br4'zn-n^. s. Appear- ing like brai« ; impudence. Bhazier, brizc'yiir. $. (283). Sec BasACBfbr^itiL s. The adlof bieak- iag Mnj thing | the ilate of being broken ; a gap in a fortification made by a battery ; tlwe violation of a hw or contra^ ; differ- ence, <{aartel ; inf ration, injury. BH£AD,br6ds Food made pf ground com ; food in general ; fupport of life at large. Bkead-chiptzml, br^d'tftilp-ir. s. A baker's ferrant. Bread-corn, brdd'korn, s. Corn of which bread is made. Breadth, hr^dtb. s. The rocafure of any phia iflperficies £rem fide to fide. To Briak, br^ke. r. a. (140) (342). To borft, or open by force ; to divide ; to 4dksaj hy -n^ence ; to oreroooie, to fur- inoont ; to batter, to make brdachet or gaps in ; to croii or deilroy the firength of the hody ; to fink or appal the (pirit ; to fub- doe ; to cmfiiy to diiable,to incapacitate ; to -weaken the mind ; to tame, to train to obe- dience; to make bankrupt; to crack the Ikinj to ^riolate a contra^ or promtfe; to infringe a law ; to intercept to hinder the cffe^ of; to interrtipt; to feponte company ; to diflolYe any nnion ; to open fomething new; To bfcak the back, to difable one's fortimti To hccak ground, toopen trenches; To break the keart, to deftroy with grief; To break the neck, to kx, or put o«t the neck jomts ; To Weak off, to put a iiidden ibip; To break off, to difiblTe ; To break ^>ta feparace or diiband; To break upon the wheel, to puniih by ftretehing a crimi- ■■f Vfwi die wheel, and breal^ag hii» bones ^"^ Wu; To break wind, to giTeTent to ifwdi^Aekody. To fis£AK, brike. t. n. To pact in •pymd;— .'Ain, this- two : to borft by dafhing, as waves on a rock ; to open and difchargc matter ; to open as the morning ; to burft forth, to exclaim; to become bankrupt ; to decline in health and ftrength ; to make way with fome kind of fuddennefs; to come to an explanation ; to, fall out, to be friends no longrcr ; to dif- card ; To break from, to feparate from with fome Tehemence ; To break in, to enter un- expcdledly ; To break loolc, to efcape fron^ captivity ; To break off, to dcfift fuddenly ? To break off from, to part from with vio* Icnce ; To break out, to difcover itfelf in fudden cffeds; To break out, to have erup- tion* from the body ; To break out, to be- come diffulute ; To break up, to ceafe, to intermit ; To break up, to diffolve itfelf ;* To break up, to begin holidays ; To break with, to part fricndlhip with any. Break, brAke. s. State of beinp; brok- en, opening ; a paufc, an interruption ; a line drawn, noting that the fcnfe is fuf- pendcd. . . * Breaker, bri'k^r. «. Hethatbreaks any thing ; a wave broken by rocks or fand • , banks. To Breakfast, br^k'fdft, y. n. (234). (S^S)' To eat the firft meal in the day. Breakfast, brdk'fdft. s. (88). The firft meal m the day ; the thing eaten at the firfl meal ; a meal in generaL Breakneck, brike'n^k. 5. A ftcep place endangering the neck. BREAKPROMisB»brike'prjm.ls. s One that makes a practice of breaking his pro- mife. Bream, brdme. s. The name of a fifli. Breast^ brOft. s. The middle part of (he human body, between the neck and the belly ; the dugs or teats of women, which contain the milk ; the part of a bead that is lender the neck, between the fore legs ; the heart ; the confciencc ; the pafilons. . To Breast, br6ft. v. a. To meet in front. Breastbone, briftTj^ne. s.The bone of tlie bread, the fternum. Breast HIGH, brdil'lil. a. Up to the . hrcaft. Br BAST HOOKS, br^ft'h66ks. ». With . fiiipwrights, the compafling timbers before, that help to ftrengthen the dem and all the forepart of the ihip. BREASTKNOT,br^ft'not. s. A knot or bunch of ribands worn by the women on . thebreali. Breastplate, br^ft'pUte. s. Armour forthebreaft. ]bRKASTPLOU0H,. brdft'pU^. S. A; B R i; asd B«l slourk «p:d for pmag tpK , dia^«P liy ^1^^ Breastwork, Hr^ft'w^rk* s» Works cbniw9» vp 11 high M4he broift 9£ tbtdt- B»fiATM, br^^ «. (4<)7). The iiir dra«rti IntiMl ^«aM eat ttf tlife Ufiy^ll^ ; 'brtfeac,inovfog sift t ^itt|^te lA^oa irttimt. T6 hitfcATHfe. bi^THc. V, n. {43^^). * Tb draw in and throw out Ae ah* "by the Jung* ; 10 live ? tb rift; tx> tak* bmth -, to ' Jnje^ by breathing j to ejcifi by brtatbln^ ; ip ^crdfc ; to mote i6r adhiate by brtatfi ; \o vttcr priratel^ ; to give air 6f vtJit tb. BaE'^THERt brt'trt^r. s. One iblt ' breathes, or lives. Brkathi>io» br^'THlng. s. Afpiration, fecret prayer $ breathing place» veot. Breathless, br^i'lfis. a. Out of bkreath, fpent with labour ; dead. Bred br^d. Partkip. paC fio^i To breed. BfLEBE* br^de. s.^-^-Sce Braid. Breech, brd^tlb. s. {247). The lower ^afC of the body ; bretiJlest ibe hipd«* t>4it' of a piece of ordnance. To Brfech» br^^tlh. v. a. (a4?). To put into breeches ; to fie any thtog with a breech, a^ to breech a gun. Breaches, bricch'iz s, (247) (09)* The garment worn by men over the ^wcr part of the body *, to wear the breeches, ik, vx a wife, to ufarp the authority of the huf- tald. To Breed, brWd. v. a. To procreate, to generite ; to occafion, to catife, to p^6- '^oe t to contrive, to hatch, f 0 plot 1 te pr6- tiaoB, from ooe'stelf ; to give birth to; co edocate, ta ipalify by tdiMction ; to bring 3«p, tb tale care of« To Brcid, br^d. V. n. Ta Mng voung : to inoreaie by oe^ proAidKott ; to ife |)rodB(Se4 to have birth 1 toimifo a breed. Breed, br^d. s. A caft, a kind, a IbbdivSfiDfeoffpeciei; prAgcav, ii8^*4te. «. One that breeds quarrels. BftisDER, bri£'d&r. 8. (98). That «4iloh fMdooea aby thing} the periiita %HiichWh)gi op stiother 1 • fenak that is prolifiek ; one that tahci ottt ^ caifii k hreedi > BftKBBiirclik^'dbi^. s. £d«ctfMms» iaftro^tion ; qualificatiom; iiiamiMi,lBMr- Mge df cemuooy ; li»tik>c« BtEEZE, bi^^. 8. A ftingittg flf* Brsb^ Y, br«£'rt. ad. Fimjyti. ffrtdi gales. . ^ ..... Bret, br^t. $/ A fi£b of ■ tbf liirb#t BRf thren« br^T^'fio. n. The plural of brother. Breviart, brtve'yi-F^* 8. (507)1. Aa abridgment, an ^itome } |h« book ooatwu- ing the daily fervioe of the Charch of Rome. ^ All our orthoejplfls hu$ Mr. Perry ftp- nouncc the firft pliable of this word long- $ hut if authority Were filebt, analogy would decide fur the prpnunciatl6n f hite givcti.. (J34)-. Bre?iat, brive'y4t.s.(I!1|^ Alhott oomptndittiiit Breviaturb, br^ve^yt-tflifhr. n. An ahbreriation (4*5) (XI3>. Brevity, br^v'^-t*. 8. (^tt). G^rti- eift:neis^ Ihor^oefs. To Brew, brM, v. a. f JJp). Tb-maltc li^onhy mixing' feverai ftfgred^Mitft; t6 (tt-epM^ by Aiixtng dtfii^ tb^rah^t tb Cfl*- lri«b, to pl«t. To Bre#. hf^. t, n. To fcifwrti the office of a brewh*. BuKWAGB) brod'idje. t, (^6). Mixture «f vbriobiTl^ingt. )3REWFR,br66'dr. s. A man vkofe profeffion it is to makfe beer. BREWHoubE, brA6'h6(is.^s. A home Impropriated U^ brewing. Brewing, br(^6'lng. 8.(410). Qaatt* tity of liqibr brewed. 6Rbwi8, brM'ls 8* A piee« BhK^ic, fenic. v. ^ Tb Utj ^Wth hl*ieka. BiTtvBAt, brUtlrft. 8. A piece of bHck. BRtcRctAY,brlktft, s. iCliiLy ufed for making brick** BRKKQOfT, brft'4Aft. «. X>aft I»i4e bipoiwdMgbracba. BtKrc»Kitff» Mkldl. <» A ii3ti» m } |iaei ttt hiQ^ Mflk> in* BRicRLAYftA, brik'U-*.^ A WfcA: B R I •2^3 B IE s. The at- SticKMAKEit, bHk'mA-kfir. B. One vio(e trads ii !• to make brickie BftiP4i.» bri'dlL a. Belonging to a wedding, nuptial. BaiDE, bride, s* A woown new inaiu ricd. B&1BEBFB, bridcT>W. e. Marriage bed. Bridecake, brldc'kAke^ i» A cake diSributed to die gadhtt tke wedding. BaioEGROOMy bridc'grddm. s. A new- Jmnkdman. BfiiDEviEN, bridpe'tnin* ? BaipvNAiDt« bride'midz.3 tendmts on the bride and bride-groetn. Bait>tsrAEE, bHdc^ftAkc. s. A poft fet in the gronnd, to dance round. BaiOiWELL, brldcVtt. i. A houfc of coCT'caion* SmrcEt bridjc. 6. A btiiWhg raifed ortr wzterfor the coBYcofcncc of paffagc ; the upper ptxt of the nefe; the fttpporter of the ftnngtin /binged inftnunents of Bufick. To 15m»oe, bTidjc. v» a. To raifk a bridge orcr any place. Bridle, bri'dl s. (40 j)- Thebead- fbdl a&d rcxnf by «riudi a hode it reftrained and governed; a refiraint, a curb, a check. To BjifDLE, bri'dl. T a. To guide by a bridk ; to reftnun» to govern. To Bridle, bri'dl. v. a. To hold up .^the head. rfa f DLEH AiiD% brf'dl-band . «. The hand ubichhokb the bridle in tiding. Bytp. br^^f a, Short, concife ; €on- traded, narrow. BatcT, br«f. s. A fliort«itraa» or epitome ; the writiBff given the pleadrtn containing the cafe ; lettcrt potent, giving hceafc to a charitable coUe^ion ; in ««- fick, ^maSmt of i|uantitj, which containi two ftKkcs down ia he^Xmg time, and aa many op* BaiEVLv, brHfl^. ad. Concifely^ in iewworda. BaiErsEesbst^a^* <• Coocifeaefs, lliartne£k Baiia, bri'flf. ^ {98) (418). A plant. BaiEar, brl'6r-r*, a. <555)« Hough. BaiGADS, brigidc'.s. (117). A *- BaiQA'biffa GEa^kAt., ^>rlg-l*voven in the manner of bro- cade. Brocage,' br6'lcldje. s. (90). The gain gotteo by pron^tiog barga^oti.tbe hire given for any unlawful dlEcc ; the trade of dealing in old tilings. BitoccoLi, brOk'k6-l^. s. A fpecics of cabbage. BaoCH, br&k. s. A badger. ", . Brocket, br6k'iclt. s* (s)9)* A ro9 deer, two yearaold^ Brogue, brAg. s. (337)* A kinc| of fhoe ; a corrupt dialed. ; To Broidcr, brd^'dftr. v. a. To adorn with figures of peedle-wofk. . Brxxidery, br6^'d5r r^. s. [$$§ }. Em- broidery, flower»w«^. Broil, br^l. s. Acumoltf aqoarreL TbBaoiL. brAll. r.iL, Todreliioir cook by bying ofi the coali« To Broil, brOil. v. n. - To be in the heat. Broker br6ke. ' Preterimpei fe6t lenfe of the verb To break. To'BKoitE, br6ke« V. n« Tocontrad ba^neia for othuii. • Broken, br&'kn. (103). PaxUpafilof BreA. ; 1 ., . BRORFN-HBARTkDt.br6'ka4)ir'tti. a« HAving the fpiritapmibed by grief or fear. BROK4iiLT, br6'ka46./ail. Witfaoc^ . any regular feries. BftOitE!L, br&'kdr. s. A faAor, one * dial docs bidiiie|A.iBr looU^qr-iOiie iriio B RO 253 B R U ieak io old kooilehotd goods; a pimp, a Butcb-makcr* BxoKiRAGEt brolciJrUdje. s« (90). The pay or reward of a broker. BuoNCHocfLE) br6n^-s^le. s. A tamoor of thai part of the aipcra arteria colled the Bronchot. - Bronchial, bron'W-al, > ^ i>^i««„ Broxchick, bnSn'kik. l^'^^^^^Z' iog to the throat* Bronchotomy* br&n-k6tl6-m^. s. The operation which open* the windpipe by incxGon to prerent fuffocation (5l8j> BRoiisE,br6nze. s. Brafs; a medaL ^scoocH, bT65tib. s. A jewels an orna* ment of JeweU. To Brood, br66d. y. iu To fit on eggs, to hatch them ; to cover chickens un- der the wing ; to watch, at confider any thing vndouHj ; to nuuore any thing by cair. To Br 000, brd6d.T.a. Tocberifliby cafe, t0 hatch. Bkood, brd6d. $. Offspringv pro- geny; ^ncratioa; a hatch, the qumber hatched ai once ; the a {ff^}.*mmtite. At, foB, fie j^P-rM^r mit »^pfaie« pltt| To BRUTALfZBy brdydl-^ltze. tf. A. xci-|ff6W bffvttl or uf7Lfft» BRUTAx«Ly)br66'tdl-l^. ad. CharHIb* Brute, brWt, a, (339)- ScnfcldS, tin- conlBoiit; iavage, irrational ; rovgb^fefo- domk 9ituTv» brdd«. s. A creature witbout reaibn. Brutxiikss, brd&t'n^i. f. BrutalitT. To Brvtifv, brdit'i^i/l, v, a. To make a man a brotc Bii(JTi8»,brdd'tl(h. a. Beftial, refem- htktif^ a beaft; rongfa, hrtgtj ferocioav; grois, carnal ; ignorant, untaught. Bftv^isiTLY. brod'tllbl^. ad. In the manner of a brute. Biii^ri»HKt88, brM^tHb-n^s. s. Bnt- tality, fairageneit. BftTONYy brr^nd. a. A p^tant. BuB> b^b. 8. Strong mah licjuor* A low word. BvBBLRf bdb1>l. 8. (405)1 A fmall hbdier of water ; anj thing which warns ibfiSty^ and flrmneis ; a cheat, a fUfe fliow ; the peribn chewed. To Bubble, bAb'bl. t. a. To rife in Mibfei ; tomn with a gentle n«ife. To Burble, bAVbl. ▼. a. To cheat. Bubbler, MblilCir. >. (405). A cheats Bvbbt, btftb'bi. s. A woman's brcaft. A low word. Bubo, bA'b6. s. TTie groin from the bending of tho thigh to the ftrotmn : all tomowv in that part are called Baboet. BucAHiERf, bAk4-nMrz'. s. A cant word for tlie privateen, or piratca, of Am^ rica. Buck, bAk. s. The liquor in which ckythet are Waihedt the clothes w^lhed in the liquor. Buck, bAk. 8. The male df the fallow deer, the male of rabbits and other animals. To Buck, bAk. ▼. a. To wafli clothes. To Buck, bAk. ▼• n. To copulate a$ bucks and does. BucKBA8KBT,b&k'UU'-k£t. 9. The b if- let id whidi clothes are carried to the waft. BucKBKAK, bAk^ne. s. A plant, a fort of trefoil. Bucket, bAk'klt.s. (99). Theveflel in which water is drawn out of a well ; the ' tfeffelinwfakhw«tcri9e«aM,panietthBi7 ti quench a 0re. BvcuLE, bftk'ld. s. (4of> A fink of metal, with a tongue or catdi made to Ikfieo one thfibg to aaodier ; the ftato of thtf ktir crifped au ouiled. ToBuciCLK, bAk'kh ▼. a. ToCallcn wkh a bnckkr ; 8o tmSam, To Buckle, bAk'kl. v. n. To bend, to how ; To buckle to, to mfffif to; To buckle wi^, to ettgagn with. Buckleh, bAkaAr. a. A fliieU. BucKWA8r, bAk'mifl. s. Thefruitor maftoClfaebMditste. Buckram, bAkVAm. s. A fort of ftrong hnen doth, JHflfened with gum. BucK8HORH->LANTAiif, bAks'hAni- pUn'tln. 8. A plant. Buckthorn, bAk'/Mm. s. A tree. BucoLiQip, bA*k611(;);. «. A p^o- raU 0* From the tendency we have to refi|«vethe accent iq the begiwitng of fnch X«afin worAs as we anglidae hj droppi^ig the |aft fjrlla- bk, we foiiMtimes hear this word improper- ly accented on the firft iyOable. — See Aca- Dcicr. The authorities for the accent osi the feeofld lyUabte are, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Johnfon, W. Johnfton, Mr. Perry, Dr- Kenrick, Bailey, Dr. Adi, and Entkk; Bu- chanan fUttds alooe for thft aoieaff «n the itik. Buo, bAd. s. The firft flioot «f a pbnt» To Bud, bAd. v n. To put ferth young fteota, or gorms 9 «i be la che bloom. To Bun, bAd. v. a. To inoeiifaife& To Buogs, bAdje. v. n* Toftkw Bubob, bAdj To boa, to Bea8« To Buffet, bAf'flt. v. n. T«]te)ra bttUBg^mitdk B^mtraa^rUffit^rAr. a» A I B U L :^-: BUM E I f^'a, <.(40|). Tbc fame lHTjiiiito,!>4rfl hid'M. a Dull, f ti^f-ftV*tt*. ^ A man vshofc , .* , f,. ..♦ Ijy Jq^, j^Q, j^p^ Tti U The A stinking lafta, brcj A frigfitfttl V* «, The a^tc . ^J. Abound* V s. A liimt- A (liining b^.id oi A plartt* j}^>%, %, rht herb ox- To BlmlqJiiIA f,a (341 V To make r 3{t edifice I tA nife lliy thmg I hiliL V. a. To depend on» I'Ar, 4. (v^). He that Md^bg.a, (410). Af4. ihcftroaiim 7odf, orroot* iQ£r#,bu]m*tbilt,i, The fame if.a^<3i4}. Comain- n. TataVc in wa- 'l% fize, qvian I an of a buiklmg A p;tnidoii piiWtsW, mA irwuknt i one of ifee iw^iW I Cgn» of ihr iMiiick ; « letter pKliihcd b> Ipurt uf laitiii|f fauJJ» wilh «l«ii(i, ihiitg icrftblrta f fight chiMf en wrth. &ui.l..rKJG, buldAg ». A dot; af a p«ftkt*Uf form, ir murk able for hii^^ouf4j;t , Brj-L-Hi;An, b'lh^d R, AitypidL'l- J©w J f he n»itic of « lilh. BifLL-woRT, biil'wiirt. s, Bhhops- weed* BtJM.ACE,bi3irik,s. (98), A wild four plum* BoLLt T, bullit, s, (99), A tt)und ball Bu L I. ! OS , hh\ >rm - V in), G olil or filri^r m ihc (ump 11 n wrought. BtFLLiTJON, hdi-lilh' ti s, J77)%Tbc ad ar fiatc of toUmg, i^vhtncm, bi A fiih full of prickles* BuRDELAis, bur-d^4iL'. s. A fort cf grape. Burden, bijr'dn. s. (103). A load ; fomething grievous ; a birth ; the Terfe re- peated in a fong. To Burden, bur'dn. v. a. To load, to incumber. Burdb3ier, bilr'dn-iir, s. (98). A loader, an opprefTor. Burdenous, biir'dn.^is. a. Grievous, oppreffive ; ufelefs. Burdensome, b6r'dn*sfim. a. Gricv- ou«, troublefome* Burdensomeness, bfir'dn-sflm-n^s. s- Weight, uneafincfs. Burdock, bflr'd6k. s. — See Dock. Bureau, bu'r6. s. A chcft of draw- ers. BuRG,bArg. s. — Sec Burrow, Burgage, bir'gidje. s. (90). A te- nurc proper to cities and towns. BuRGAMOT, b\ir-gi-m6t'. s. A fpccies of pear. BURGANET, or BORGONBT, n6t. s. A kind of helmet. Burgess, bCir'jSs. s. A citizen, a freeman 6f a city ; a reprefcntatiTc of a town corporate. Burgh, b6rg. s. (392). Acoiporate town or borough* Burgher, b^r'gdr. s. One who has a right to certain privileges in tWs or that place. Burghership, b6r'gdr-ftilp. s. The privilege of a burgher. Burglary, bCir'gli-r^ s. Robbing a houfe by night, or breaking in with mtcnt to rob. Burgomaster, bAr^gi-mif-tiir. s. One employed in the government of a city. Burial, b^r'r^al. s. (i?^)- T^ie act of burying, fepulture, interment ; the ad o* placing any thing under earth ; the churcli fervice for funerals. BuRiHR,bdr'r^ekr. s. He that buries. BuRiNE, bii'rln. s. A graving tool. Bur LACE, bfirlife. s. A fort of grape. To BuRL,biirL v. a. To drcfs cloth .i> fullers do. Burlesque, btir-Uik'. a. (415). Jo- coiter, tending to:r«ifc toghter. bfir'go- BUR r.iy BUS t, liur4c(k\ V. n. To ii KtiKfi**, biirn^-11^5, 4. Bulk, bluA \ a. Big of flaturc. ii fjr^. tJll < ■* h V^ n \VtjI y lire. :i If- > A pcnon that 1 ), A pknl* ,, „.(4io). SUteof in mn .^„, _._ -_ .„_.-.ic3 their Nilr'nlfli.v.a^TopolUli. iO».Y.O. To grow Bur fori L,„ . r . s* The pcr- Kjtlifet ' ^ iC of Bmn* The lobe or lap of tlic - BUi bilr'flL s- (99). A fort of ra^tciowo, ^ fcdds bar* * pU<:c IcJiccd or f ' iji tlic grr^und by r , biVkind, a. (359). DreC- cd in bttlkmf, BuiK^, bAs'kc, a. W.iody. BtTss, bds. s. A kifs, a falatc wtilr tipii; abQ;(t for filhiiig* To Buss, bils* v> a. To kifs* A low word. BuiT, bi\ll. s. A flatac reprefcnimg a man to his brraft,^ Bk/STARD, bi*ii'liitd. s. (88}. A wild (Mfkey. To BtJsTLE, bds'n. V* n. {472). To be bufy, to ilir. BusTLk, biViL s. A tymult, a hurry, BusTLEn, bds'Iui* s. C98), Anaaivc Uirring man. Busy, bl?//i. a* (17**)- Employed ivith cataeflneiA ; biiftling,a^ive, mcdUJUig. To Busy, hiz'^d. v. a. lo employp to togage. I Bu s Y BOOT, bi/:'mi-b6d-d^. s. A vaifi> ^ mcddliii^r fantaAicft) pcrfian* BUT 240 ' B Y tt^ (559)' — ^F^tc, ftr, fill, fit ;—in*, mAt ;— pine, plai--p But, bi'it. conjundl. Except ; yet, ne- ▼erthelefs; the particle which introdifces fhe minor of a fyliogifm, now ; onlj, no- thin£^ more than ; than ; not othcrwife than ; by no other means than ; if it were not for this ; however, howbeit ; otherwife than ; even, not longer ago than ; yet it may be objeded ; but for, had not this been. BuT-^ ND, bAt'dnd'. t. The blunt end of any thing. Butcher, biit'tfli'V, s. (175)- ^^^ that kills animals to fell their fleih ; one that is delighted with blood. To Bu . CHR^, ctit'tlhAr. ▼• a. To kill, to murder. BuTCHKRLiNESs, b&t'tfliAr-l^-nds, s. A butcherly manner. Butcherly, btit'tlhdr-U. a. Bloody, barbarous. Butch LHY, bftt'tfhiir-ri, s. The trade of a butcher ; murder, cruelty { the place where blood is ihed> BuTLERj biit'lflir s. (98). A fervant employed in fumiihing the table. But Mi. NT. bAt'mfint. s. That part of the arch which joins it to the upright pier. Butt, b*it s. The place on which the mark to be fhot at is placed ; the point at which the endeavour is direded ; a man upon whom the company break th^ir jefts. Butt, bAt. s. A vefTcl, a barrel con« taining one hundred and twenty-fix gallons of wine. To Butt, bAt. v. a. To ftrike witli the head. Butter, bflt'tflr. s. (98). .-^n un^uous fttbftance, made by agitating the cream of milk till die oil feparates lirom the whey. To Butter, bfit'tfir. v. a. To fmear- or oil with butter ; to increafe the ilakes every throw* Butter BUMP, b{kt'ti!ir-bi!imp. s. A fowl, the bitten. Butterbur, bdt'tflr-bdr. s. A f^ant. Butterflower, bAt'tir-fldft'Ar. s. A yeUow flower of May. Butterfly, bAt't6r-fll. s. A beauti- ful infed. Butteris, bftt'tiir-rls. s. An inftm tncnt of ftcel vied in paring the foot of a horfe. Buttermilk, bAt'tAr-milk. s. The whey that isfepirated from the creim when butter is made* Butterprint, bi'it'tiir.prlnt. s. A piece of carred -wood, u£ed to Burii btttCE. Buttbrtooth, bilt'tAr-t66/^ s. The great broad foretooth. Butter wo MAN, biVtiir-wAm-fin. 9, ' A woman that fells butter. Butter wort, bftt'tiir-vrftrt. $. A plant, fanicle. Buttery, biVtflr-r^« a. Having the appearance or qualities of butter. Buttery, bAt'tiir-r^. s. The room where provifions are lard up. Buttock bittAk. s. (i66). The rump, the part near the tail. Button, bflt'tn. s. (103) (170). Any knob or hall ; the bud of a plant. To Button, b^Vtn. v. a. (405). To dreis, to clothe ; to faften with buttons. Buttonhole, bCii'tn hile. s. The loop in which the button of the clothes is caught. Buf TRESS, biVtrls. s. (99)- A prop, a wall built to fupport another ; a prop, a fupport. To Buttress, bfit'trls. v, a. To prop. Buxom. bi:ik'sAm. a. (166). Obedi- ent, obfeqnious ; gay, lively, brtflc ; wanton, ioUy. Bu xom lt, bOk'sdm*U. ad. Wanton- ly, amoroufly. BuxoMNBss, bdk'sijm-ncs. s. Wan- tonnefs, amoroufiaefs. To Buy, bi. v. a. To purchafc, to acquire by paying a price; to manage by money. To Buy, bl. v. n. To treat about a purchafe. Buyer, bl'dr. t. He that buys, a pur- chafer. To Buzz, bdz. V. n. To hum, to make a noife like bees ; to whifper, to prate. Buzzard, bftz'zArd s. (88). A dc- generate or mean fpecies of hawk ; a block- head, a dunce. Buzzer, biiz'ziir. s. (98). A fccrct vhifpecer. By, -J r^* > prep. It notes the agent ; it notes the inftiuraent ; it notes the caufe ; it notes the means by which any thing is performed ; at, or in, noting pbce ; it notes the fum of the difference between two things compared; not later than, noting time ; befide, noting paflage ; near to, in prefence, noting proximity ; before Hioi- felf, it notes theabfeoce of all others ; it is the folemn form of fwearing ; at hand ; it is nfed in forms of obteftiog ; by proxy of, L ZMtiagfahftituciUB. CAB 241 CAB — no, m6ve, n6r, nAt ;«-^Abe9 tib, |jr The geBoral loand of this word is like dicferii to huy ; but we not mifreqaemly Aear it pronounced like the Terb to he. This btter found, however, is only tolerable in colloquial pronunciation, and then only when nfed as a prepoiition ; as when we fay. Do you travel iy land or hy water ? fiat in reading thefe lines of Pope: '' By Iuid,4y water, they renew the charge ; ** lliey ftop the chariot, and they board the h»rge." Here we ooght to give the word hy the found o£ the verb to hiy ; fo that pronounc* ing this like fo, is, if the word will be par- doBcd me, a uiUfniatifm, By, bl. ad. Near, atafmall diftance ; befide, paffing ; in prcfence. Br AMD BY, bi'lad-W. ad. In afhort time. Bv, bi. s. Something not the dircft and immediaec ohje^ of regard, as by the by. Br-coKCERiTMBNT, bl'k&n-sim'indnL s. Not the main bufineis. Bt-imik bi'ind'. $. Privatcintcreft, fecrct advamage. By-goke, bi'gdn'. a. Paft. buB ;—■ 611 ;-»p6{ind ;— /^in, this. By-law, bi'liw'. s. By-laws arc or* ders made for the good of thofe that makr them, farther than the publick law binds. By-mamb, bl'ndme'. s. A nickname. By-path, bi'pd/i^'. s. A private or obfcure path. By-resplct, bl'rt-fp^kt'. s* Private end or view. By-room, bi'r66m'. s. A private room within. By-speech, bi'fp^itfli'. s. An inci- dental or cafual fpeech. BY-sTANDbR, bi'lUn'di^r. s. A looker on, one unconcerned. By-stre8t, bi'ftr^dt'. s. An obfcure ftreet. By-view, bi'vii'. s. Private felf-in- terefted purpofe. By-walk. bi'w4wk'. s. Private walk, not the main road* By-way, bi'wA'. s. A private and obfcore way. By-wfst, b^.wfift'. a. Wcftward, to the weft of. By-word, bl'wiird'. s. A faying, a proverb ; a term of reproach. c. CAB, Idb. s. A Hebrew mca- fore, cQDtainiog about three pints £n- gliih. Cabal, ti-bal'. s. The (ecret fcience of the Hehfl^ew rabbins ; a body of men united in fome clofe defign ; intrigue. ilT 'Hie political fignification of this word o^ves its origiiial to the five Cabinet Minif- tc» in Charles the Second's reign ; Clifford, Aihley.Biiclungham, Arlington, and Lau- derdale: this Junto were known by the name of the Ctihd ! a word which the initial let- tcn of their flBDct happened to oompofe. To Cabal, kl-b4l'. v. n. To form cMb intxigset. Cavali ST, k4V4.M. s. Oneikilkdin the tradicaoof of the Hebrews. Caiallistical, k4b-M.lU't^.kU. 1 Caballutick, k4b-'41-Vls'tlk. j a. SoxBcthmg that h$» an occult meaning. Caballed, kd-billdr. s. He that lo ckfe 4cfigm9 attintrifittC- Cabbage, klbl)idje. s. (90). A plant. To Cabbage, kab'bidje. v. a. To fteal in cutting clothes. Cabbage tree, kab^bldje-tr^c. s. A fpccics of palm-tree Cabbagf.-worm, k«LbVidje-wi!inn. t. An tnfcA. Cabin, kibVm s. A fmall room ; a fmall chamber in a (hip; a cottage, or fmall houfe. To Cabin, k^b'bln. v. n. To live in a cabin. To Cabin, k&hl>ln. ▼. a. To confine in a cabin. Cabin to, kllb'blnd. a. (362 j. Belongs in g to a cabin. Cabinet, kubin dt. s. A fet of boxes or drawers foe cnriofities; any place ia which things of value are hidden; a prtvatt room in which coniiiltations are held. Cabinft-couscil, kub m dt-ko^m'sil. #• A council held in a private manner. t AC 242 C A L ^5" (559)' — r^tc, fir, fill, fit ; — ^m^, mfit ;— pine, pin ;- Cabin ET-KARER, kab1n*dt*m4'k&r. s. One that makes fmall nice work in wood. Cable, kA^l. s. (405). The great rope of a (hip to which the anchor is faf- tcned. Cachectical, ka-k^k't^-k^. > Cachectick, kd-k^k'tik. 3 ^' Having an ill habit of body. Cachexy, kik'k^k-s^. s. (517). Such a difiemperature of the humouri as hinders nutrition, and weakens the vital and animal funAions. Q^* Mr. Sheridan is thconlyorthoepiftwho accents this word on the firft fyllable as I have done ; and yet every other lexicogra- pher, who has the word, accents Anorexy^ Ataxy, and Ataraxy, on the firfl fyllable except Mr. Sheridan, who accents Anorexyy and Baily Ataxy on the penultimate. — Whence this variety and inconiiftency IhouLd arife, it is not eafy to determine. OrthoAncyzxL^. Apoplexy had fufficiently chalk- ed out the analogy of accentuation in thefe words. The terminations in axy and exy do not form a fpecies of words which may be called encUticaljlike logyamdgrapby (517), but feem to be exadly under the predica- mentof thofe Latin and Greek words, whhh, when adopted into Englifli by dropping their laft fyllable, remove the accent at leaft two fyllables higher.— -Sec Academy. CACHtN nation, kak-kln-n^'lhiin. s. A loud laughter (353). Cackebel, kik'ir-il. s. (SSS^ (99)- Afifli. To Cackle, k^k'kl. v.n. (405). To make a noife as a goofe; fometimes it is ufed for the noife of a hen; to laugh, to giggle. Cackle, kdk'kl. s. The voice of a goofc or fowl. Cacklbr, kdkliir. s. (98). A fowl that cackles ; a telltale, a tatlcr. Cacochymical, kdk-k&-kim'^- kll. _ Cacochymick, k4k.k6-kim'*'- ^* ' (353) (509)- Having the humours corrupted. CococHYMY, kdk'k6-klm-in^. s. A depravation of the humours from a found ilate* $2r Johnfon and Bailey accent this word Ctfr«- . shyx/yy Sheridan and Buchanan CaeocVymy^ and Dr. Aih Caifli« s. A fpecie&o{ a large gpiird* , - C A L 343 C A L i liAtH «^ • of ^ . the I for ctif% i* «ii>' ioT ia£tri»tu(^tu« at A bo itM'tl^nilat- *. The name Mifcm- I W^^lfcs. Misforione, xQiii; i. A fort tif reed cf-^Liiirij woirf, ttieftiioncd in Scrip- '/'''" A finaSl carriage X'iH* a, (450)- > fenders -T— V ki4l-ilti'^*t*ir-^* s. A r,.-rtj.t* thii word on the 11 and Mr. Per- *he fame accent V, X To iLibftantr eaCly ,ti, Ta be- te. V. a. To IdUJcd-U'ftidn. s* A ' :nmg, the irt of £ iiY, aVWft UH4f.^. :i. Be- CAtcuLOif, kfilku iil.rc':i ^ -. „^ C,%i.i rAts. Brku4Ai.$, Tbe ftcrne b tin C* L 1 1 ' Jrun* •• ( 1 6(5;. A pot, ad ^ l&eiim|^ my tlim^ ; the £bu of bekijf licit t J. C41- tiv. a. Tlut Ca l t t-AK 1 uit¥, k*i t-Uk'tdr-^ a» Tliat ToCALtrv,kUV'.a v,ii. (its). ^^^ grow htjf , tn hi- hfateJ, Ciittwi^A iur, «. (8ft). A Pcgiibct ' iw which the uiuothA* aod tbttil tiitiiu, -£C mjtrk«d,aifcfitir34t*)ii To CAi.t??i:>KJi, kurdti-diif, v. a. To fkzU dfttli. CALE)*i>tii*, HIV^n'dAr.s. (98), A hot] pfL'fit # prdt if* ivhitli cktliicTi fmooij their dotlu CALFNDKHiR, kiU'cn-d^r-ar. s* Tin per fotj who taJecidcFfe. CALtiJost kii'cuvl/- u The firft dai of the month amotig the RiimanSp CALi;NTURE, kir^n-ifli4rc. s. {461)- A diftcn»t»ef in hot climiics whfrcia they iniajrmc the IJe* 10 Lc gr^-trt Gdd|- Cai,f, kaf- s. (401 I n^)' '^^c young _ of a cow i tiii; duct, pliuup, bulbouipsirt olj the ieg. CALittiU, kH'c bur. s. The bofe, the diirottcr of the barrel of a gao* ^ Mr. ShcTidan accent* thb word on itr fccond fylbblc, aud give* the iihr found i diitibld f like the Freuch; hui Johnfon, Kcorick , Aih, Buchanan , Perry , md Eniitk , confider the wond »s perfedly anglidfed, and place ihc accent on the fi rft fylhhic ^^ I have done* Callce, kills, $, A cwpt a chalice. CALicot kil'4*k&. s- An Indian ftufl fxij.dc of cot ton i Caljo, kolld. a. Hot, hnrmng. CALlDITY,kA4ldMi-t6. Calif, 1 j^nif. j ,.f5u).Heat s, A tide i Caliph* J t filmed by the fucci;irof« Of M^omet amon the Saraccnt. CaliqatigNi kkl4^-g4'M0t s. Dark* nefi, doudin ds. Caligjnoos, kl41djc'i?-iiiis, n. Ob- tcwre> dim. C A L 'JU CAM C^ (559)— F^te, fir, ftU, ftt ;— ni^, m^t ;— pine, pin ;- C A L I G I Nou s N E s s, kA-lldje'^-nftf-n^s Darknefs. Calivfr, k^r^-vfir. s. A handgun, a harquebufs, an old mulket. To Calk, kawk. v. a. To flop the leaks of a ihip. Calker, kaw'kiir. s. The workman that ftopt the leaks of a (hip. To Call, kiwi. v. a. (77). To name; to fummon or invite; to convoke; to fom- mon judicially ; in the theological fenfe, to infpire with ardours of piety ; to invoke, to appeal to ; to proclaim, to pobliih ; to make a ftiort vjfit ; to excite, to put in ac- tion, to bring into view ; to ftigmati2e with fome opprobrious denomination ; To call back, to revoke ; To call in, to refume mo- ney at intereft ; To call over, to read aloud a lift or mufter-roll ; To call out, to challenge. Call, kAwl. s. A vocal addrefs ; re- quifition; divine vocation ; fummonsto true religion ; an impulfe ; authority, com- mand; a demand, a claim ; aninftrument to call birds; calling, vocation, employment; a nomination. rtl'l'tl' I ''"I'l^t- «• A trull. Calling, kawrilng. s. Vocation, pro- feffion, trade; proper ftation, or employ- ment ; clafs of pcrfons united by the fame employment or prof^ffion ; divine vocation, invitation to the true religion! CALLip¥Rs,kari^-pijrz. 5.(98). Com- paflfes with bowed fhanks. Callosity, kall6s's^-t^. s. A kind of fwelling without pain. Callous, kdrius.a. Hardened, infcn- fible. Callousness, kM'h'is-nfis. s. Indara- tioQ of the fibres ; infenftbility. Callow, k4ri6. a. Unfledged^ naked, wanting feathers. Callus, kdVli!^s. s. An induration of the fibres ; the hard fubftance by which broken bones are united. Calm, k^m. a. l^o). Quiet, ferene ; uadifturbed, unruffled. Calm, k^m. s. Serenity, ftilbefs ; quiet, rcpofe. To Calm, k^m. v. a. To ftill, to quiet; to pacify, toappeafe. Calmer, kim'Ar. s. (403).Thc perfon or thing which has the power of givingquiet. Calmly, k^ml^. ad. Without ftorms, or violence ; without paiBons, quietly. Calmness, k^m'n^. s. TranqailHtj. fer e&ity ; mildneft, freedom firan paffion. Calomel, kSl'6-m^l. s. Mercury fix times fublimed. Caloripick, kil-6-rlPik. a. That which has the quality of producing heat. Calotte, k4-16t'. s. A cap or coif. Caltrops, kdrtr6ps. s. An inilru- ment made with three fpikes, fo that which way foever it falls to the ground, one of them points upright ; a pbnt mentioned in Virgil's Georgick, under the name of Tribulus. To Calve, klv. v. n. (78). To bring forth a calf, fpoken of a cow. To Calumniate, kl-iCim^n^-ite. ▼. a. To flaader (91). Calumniation, kd-lftm-n^*&^(bAn. s. A malicious and faUe reprefentation df words or adtona. Calumniator, ki-lijin'n^-A-t&r. s. (5 3 X }. A forger of accufation, a llandcrer. Calumnious, ki-ldm'nd-ds. a. Slan- derous, falfely reproachful. Calumny, kal'dm-ni. s. Slander, falfe charge. Calx, kalks. s. Any thhig rendered reducible to powder by burning. CALYCLE»kil'^-kl. s. (405). Afmall bud of a pHmt. Camaieu. ki-mk'ydd, s. A fione with various figures and reprefentatioos of land - fcapes, formed by nature. Camber, kim'b Ar. s. A piece of tim- ber cut arch-wife. Cambrick, kAme'brlk. s. (^2). A kind of fine linen. — See Cbambek. Camb, kime. The preterit of To come. Camel, k^m'^1. s. (99). A beaft of burden. Camelopard. k&-ni^n6-pird. s. An animal taller than an elephant, but not fo thick. Camelot, 7y^.^^^^ Camlet, > A kind of ftufiforiginally made by a mizturr of filk and camel's hair ; it b cow made with wool and filk. Camera Obscura, k4m'c*r&-&b.ficA- rL s. An optical machine ufed In a darkened chamber, fo that tlie light coming only through a double convex glaft,obj€As oppofite are reprefented inverted* Camkrade. — See Comradb. Camerated, kilm'^r*iL-t£d. a. Arch« ed. Cameration, k&in«^r*i'ih^ a* A tiulting marching. I s. (99). C A IT 245 CAN C&«isad6, kam-^-rA'«16w s, (77). AniCANCEk^ kin'si'ir. s. (98). A cral>. madL made m the dairk, 00 whickoccsifioo | fifli ; the figli of the fommer folftice *, a ¥»- thej put their (hires outward* CAMisATEOt kAin'^'i^*t^d. a. Drefled with the ih^ outward. Camlet, k&m'l^t.. s. See Camelot. Cammock, k^m'm.U. s. (166). An herb, petty whin» or refiharrow. Cxnt, kamp. s. The order of tents pbued by xnoiei when they keep the field. To CAHtp, klmp. V. n. To lodge in CAMPMCic«k4mp&iie'* s. (385). A Ur^,opai,le^ tra^ of ground} the time for wUch my army keeps the field* CAurAHiTo&M, klin*pln'ii^-f6rni. a. A term sied oC flowcn which are in the fliape of a bell. CAMfAsvLATB^ kim-pin'ui-Ute. a. Cimpanifofm. CjkMPusruAi.fkim'-p^'triL a. Grow* CAMMfiRB, kto'flr. f. (i4o)« A kitid of sefinprodnced by a cfajrmicalpro- cda &OD& the camftoe tree. CAMPHt&k-TREfi, kiim'fir-cr^6. s. The tree from which camphtre it cxtraded. Camphorats^ feiin'f6*rAte. s. (91)* liiiprq^ted with camphire. CAHrioM, k^'p^-i&n. s. (166). A plant* — Cavj kia. s. . A cup. To CAHr k&n. V. n. To be able, to have power; si czprefies the potentialmood, aa I can doit. CAnAivr.%, ki-nile'. s. The lowed people. Caw A,, klUn4l^ i« A bafin of water in a garden ; any cMffie of water made by art ; a pal&ge tbroogh which any of the jnicet of the body flaw. Caval-coai.. This word is corrupt* ed into kSn'nil-rkdle. s. A fine kind of coaL Cam ALfcvLATSD,kiD44ik^&-U-tld. a. Made fike a pipe or gutter. CANARry ki-n^'r^. s* Wine brought firom the Canaries iatck. Camart^bird, ki^lA'r^-biird. s. An ezceUent fioging bird. To Ca»csl« kdn'sfl. v. a. (99). To crofs a writiog; to effiice^ to obliterate in gjeacraL CAiictLLATsx>t kins^Ui.t£d. a* Crofe4ktL Gakcsllatiom* kia-s^lli'Mn. -s. An expaapag or wipoig out of a& inftni- ffieot* Having mlent fwcliing, or fore. To CANcii^RATB, k^n'sH^r-ritc. y, n. (91). To becofiic a cancer. Canceratios, kiin-st^ r^l'fh^n. •• A growing cancerous. Canckrous, k4n's0r-r^. a. the virulence of a cancer. Cancerousness, kan'si\r.r^$-n^s. s. The ftate of being caneeronf. Camcuine, kung'krln. a. (140). Har* ing the qualitiet of a crab (408). Cawdents kin'ddnt. a. Hot. Cakdicant, kla'd^-klLnt. a. Crowd- ing white. Camdio, kWdld. a. While j fwrj open, ingenuous. Candida rEy kdn'd£-d4te. s. A cont- petitor, one that foliciti advancement. Candidly, kin'did-U. ad* Fairly, tngeououfly. CANDiDNEfSy kin'dld-n^s. s. Ii)ge* nuoufiieff, opennefs of temper. To Candipy, kiln'd^.fl. y. a. To make white. Candle, k^n'dl. s. f40$). Alight made of wax or tallow, turrounding a wick of flax or cotton. Candlsbbrry*treE9 klb'dl-b^r-r^ tr^^. s« Sweet-willow. Candlbholdbr» kin'dl kftn'd*. v. n. To grow Cane, kioe. s. A kind of ftrong reed; the |)hmiiiiMclikTi«i<^*^^*8^» ^ CAN 246 C A K ^ (559).— FAte* Or, flU ftt ;-^in*, mAt ;-^plne, pUt j ToCahe, kAne. v. a. To beat with a cane or.ftick. Canicular, kft-nik'ii'Un a. Belong- ing to the dog-ftar. Canine, ku-nine'. a. Having the properties of a dog. Canister, kSn is-tfir, s. (98). A fniall tiaiket ; a fmall Yeffel in which any . thing is laid up. Cankfu, king'kiir. s. (409) A w«nn that pfeys apenr^ and dieftroys frnks ; a By that preys upon fruits ; anything that j corrupts or confumes; an eating or corrod- ing humour ; corroiion, Tinilence; a dileafe in trees. To Canker, kinglcfir. i. n. To grow corriipt. To Canker, kdng'krir. v. a. To cor- rupt, to corrode i to infed,to pollute. Canki:rbit, kar.g'kvir-biL part. ad. Bitten with an envenomed tooth* Cannabin£9 k&n'n^-bine. a. (149)' Hempen. Cannibal, k&n'n^-b41. t. A man- cater* . Canniballv, kfin'n^-bdl-W. ad. In The manner of a cannibcd. CANKiPEits, k4n'n£-p5rz. s. Callipers. Cannon, kin'nAn. s. 166). A gun larger thafl^ be managed by the hand. Cannon-ball, kdn-ni'in-biwl'. 1 Cannon-shot, kdn-ni'in-ilidt' 3 The balls which are (hot from great guns. To CA^iNONADK, kin-n/in nAde'. v.n. To play the great guns; to attack or batter with cannon. Cannon ur, kan-ni^n n^^'. s. The engineer that manages the cannon (175). Cannot, 'r;an'n6t. ▼. n. of Can and Not. To be unable. s. A boat made OE, J ■} Cax _ by cutting the trunk of a tree into a hollow vcffel. Canon, kin'ilin. s. (166). A rule, a law ; bw made by ccdefiaftical soundLi ; the books of Holy Scripture, or the great rule ; a dignitary in cathedral churches ; a large fort of printing letter. Canonjrss, kin'fln-ni^s. s. In Catho- . lie countries, women liring after the exam- ple of fccular canons. Canonical, ka-n5n'^k41. a. Accord- ing to the canon ; conftituting the canen ; regular, ftated, fixed by ecdefiafUcal laws, fpiritual eccleiiaftical* Canonic ALL V, • M-non'i^-k^l-W. ad la a roawper agreeable tg the canoDi CANONiCALNess^ ki.*n6n'd-k&l-ii£%. The quality of being canonicaL Canonist, kan'nC^n-nift. s, (i66). A profeflbr «f the canon law^ Canonization, kan-n6-n6-z4'lh^ s. The aA of declaring a faint. To Canonize, kdn'n^-nize. v. a. To- d^lare any one a>^aint« Canonry, k4n'an*r6. > »_ Canonshi?, k^n'CinAlp. 5 '' ^^ eccleiaftical benefice ta fomt cathedral or collegiate church. CAN0prED,k&n'6.pld^ a. (262}. Co vered with a canopy. Canopy, k&ni'6-p(fr. s. A coveting fpreM OTer tfce head. To Canopy, kAn'6-p^, v. a. To corcr with a canopy. ' Canorous, ki-n6^rds. a. (512). Mufi- cal, tuneful. Cant i'4nt. s. A corrupt dialc6b ufed by beggars and vagabonds ; a han of fpeakine peculiar to fome certain dafa or body ox men; a whining pretcnfion to goodsels; barbarous jargon ; addion. 0r It is fcarcely tobe cre£ted» that the.wri« ter in the Spe^ator figned T. fliould adopc a derivation of this word from one Jbubm Cant, a Scotch Prefbyterian Miniftcr, when the i/atin cantus't fo ezpreflive of the fioj^in^ or yvhining tone of certain preachers is fo obvious an etymology. The Cant of par- ticular profeflions is air eafy derivation from the fame origin, as it means the fetphrafes, the routine of profeJffional language, refem- bling the chime of a fong. ^Moafti, from which Ibnae derive this word, is-ainiidi left probable etymology. To Cant, k4ot. v.n. To ulk la the jargon of particuUtf ptofeffioDa; toipcak with a particular tone. To Cant, ktet. v. a. To to&.or fling Cantata, kin-ti'tl s. balum. A fong (77). Cantation, k&n-t&'Mn. s. The aa of finging. Canter, k&n'tfir 8. f98). A hypo- crite ; a (hort gallop* CANTHA»tDEs»k4n-/ib4r'^-dds* s. Spa- nilh flies, ufed to raiie bliftcfs. Canthus. kinVi^As. s. Thccomcr of the eye. Canticle, k&n^^kl. s. (405). A fong ; the fong of Solomon. Cantlf, kdn'tl. s. (405). ♦A piece with comers. Cantlct, kintl^t. 8. (99). Apiece» a fragment.. CAP CAP A book or fedioii ri O^ Lad; A lillilll <«lltMrii^ T . . Mn'rtu* ^. «. To Svidc . klu'tt^n-ltc/ V, a. . ; ^.U, »* A k mi of cloth ^ iU, V. II* To rdt* 11., kJlci tAs< ▼. 0. To fo- c Tdlof cmncs, con- Ca^jl ajiir, kin /O-fnlt*. s. A lillk C^ ' ^ ■ ^ - ' n^.i_r,T thilt CO- " c*? on die C A r , r . * , *^l'pd*4 a. From head f# Jooc. r . - ^ . ,1 r , Ir^lp'pi .pAr, <• A for t ^ I Mn?-iil 4, Sec laC^pMhU. i_c - „ , ^ ^ - H , tWe lo uoderft^^t S cmndcB»;ahkt«rt«dfC*i fiili^ptibU; qui- C ^ Ibc Cat j.u't^., -,1 I^Viiius.^ A, Wide, 1. ,'. .:! tf tintajiiuJi; dtcnftvc, «<|uai iU. V. a. To c • To pew t^ 1, (jn). The l^-Tf cr or power of (170). '1 .n. v.. a, C ^omoQ- C/irtft, k4'pur, i. (^ft)* A ktlfh Of jump* Cap* A, kVpi^T, V ' picUc {•lint fTTAWt (P the i>oirth oi Frmcr, itif *ttil» Arc pwklcti {[If c^tijig* fo CArm. i.4'pi>r. v, ti. To Jjuoce ftclkkitimirlj- 1 tw 9u^ for ai«ifiin€Ol» Cafsriri ki4 piV-riJir* s. iSfll- A 4Aiic-rf* CAft^ii, Ici'p^iU. t. (aS)* A writ ^^ of ctctttliAil* Capjvi AtfOHHt k*ip-pil4A%6i* A. Thr ffiiic wiJ^h ir»pill4ry. C A f 1 1 L Ji 1 1I ir , ka{j-piWl re'- «* Sjrtip of mjiidcnhiiif . CAflLtAwUNTt It^-pUii fn^nt, I. $111 aO thttad4t>r kiim whkh gri^w up in ihc middle iifi flow«r» C^pitLAiY* KA|upU1i-Td- t. Rcfcni' blmg haif9» fmili» minute* CAPit^ATio^. kdp^pil U'Mn. V. A fiTiAll raroifitiitjon of vcfTLl** CAnxAi,, kip^^44L a. fH8). Rebt. ing to the htaJ ; rrkimil in tbr hi|i!v*!ft degree; th*t which ;iffL-di life; Lhief. prin- wfilifn . hookti Cafital* Kip'<^ i^K s~Thc upper pan of 0 |»i1bf ; tlie chtef dt^ nf a UJitiori* Capitaliv, klp'^ taJ4t^/ ad, to a tmiaX munficf, fo •« 10 aiff«^ liic^ «* €>!«• tally cnnvitfted* merAtitin Ijy Kca«Iw CAriruLAi^ ki-pUdi'M-bjr. s (88). TJve twidy of the (litttic* of a chapter \ u Tticmljcr of a ehaptcf 4*j)» ToCapitulatf, k4*pitiH'ii4ifc.(5iO* "T. n* To draw up atiy thtuje in t»«ad» or articici I to field or furteoder on ctn*ia i^tpulitioiij^ CAiTTULATtON, k^-pltfhHi-U'Ma. f- Self uUtion, term^ cgndkinDt* Capivx riiEfcf ki jM^'vc trfi6* s. A balfijm tree. Capok, btpn. s. (405) {170) A c^^araiedcock, Caponkierki k4p*p6n-TiMr', t. A covered lodgmcflt, encompalT^d witt 1 tiEiie CAfOTt k^^ik** s, I^ when one par- ty mm Sill \h€ trkki of c*rd» at the gituc of Piquet- CAFuictj k4-pr<^^iV. or kdp'rfiic FrtiU* ^iicf » whtjn. CAP 248 CAR ^Thc firft manner of prononncing this word is the nioft eftabliflied ; but the fecond does not want its patron*. Thus Dr. Young, in his Love tf fame : «* *Tis true great fortanes fome great men con- fer ; " But often ev*n in doing right, they err : ** Vtom ca/triegf not f|om choice, their favours come; '• They give, but think it toil to know to whom." a. Whimfi- ad. s. L^. j In- chicf Capricious, ki-prifti'iis tal, fanciful. Capriciouslv, ki-prifh'As-W. Mlumficallr. Cafriciousness, IcA-prifli'ds-n^s Humouft wbimficailnefs. Capricorn, kap'pid* kom. s. One of the figns of the zodiack, the winter folftice. Capriole, kSp-;^.6le'. s. Capriojes are leaps, fuch as horfes make in one and the fame place, without advancing forward. Capstan, kap'ftan. s A cylinder with levers to wind up any great weight. Capsular, k^p (hifi-lar. (452). Capsulary, kkp'fhiL-lir-^, HoUew like a cheft. Capsulate, k^p'M lite. Capsulated kSp M.U.t^ cfofedy or iiM^box. Captaim, klp'tln. s. (208). A eommander ; the commander of a company ' in a regiment $ the chief commander of a ftip ; Captain General, the general or com- mander in chief of an army. Captainry, kAp'tm r4. 8. llicpower over a certain diftria^ the chieftainfliip. Captainship, kitp'tm.fhJp. s. The rank or poft of a captain ; the condition or poft of a chief commander. Captation, kap.tA'lb^n. 5. Thepiac- ttce of catching favour. Caption, k&p'iKdn.s. The aftoftak- 11^ any perfon. Captiou$, k-Ap'Ms. a. (JI4). Given tocavils,eager toobjed ; inl]dious,enfnaring. Captiously, klp'(hul-U. ad. With an inclination to objed. ^ ' Captiousness, kip'flidtn^s. s. Incli- . nation to objeA ; peeviihnefs. To Captivate, kdp't^.ydte. v. a. To take prifoncr, to bring into bondage; to charm, to fubdue. CAptivation, k4p.t*.v4'flian, s. The w6t of taking one captive. Captivs, kftp'tiv. s. (140). One tak- di ID iNW ; one durmcd bj ^Bty. Fitc, ftr, fill, ftt ;---m^» m^t ;^irfne, pin ^^ Captivk, kilp'tW. a* Made prifiinerm war. Captivity, kHp-tlv'^t*. s. Subjeaion by the fate of war, bondoige; flavcry, iervi* tude. » . 1. Captor, kSp'tfir. s. (<66). He that takes a prifoner, or a prise. Capture, k^p'tlhAre. ,3. (461}. The ad or pradice of taking any thing; a prise. Capuchin* kip*ia-(h££n'. 8. (ilj). A female garment, confiding of a eloak AnJ hood, made in imitauoB of the dreia of capuchin mookjk Car, kir. s. ,78). A fmall carriage of burden ; chariot of war. Carabine, or Carbine, kix-blne'. s. A fmall fort of fire armi. (O* Dr. Afli, Bailey, W. JohnfioD,£ntick,»Qd Buchanan, accent Carabine on the lafi fylla^ ble, and Dr. Jobnfon and Mr. Perry on the firft ; while Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Afli, Bu- chanan, Hr, Johnfon, and Bailey, accent Carhini on the feft: but Mr. Scott, Entick, I'erry, and Kenrick, nEiore properly on the laft. Thercafon is, that if we accent Car* hiMt on the firft fyllable, the laft otight, ac« cording to analogy, to have the / ihort; hoc a9 the i 18 always long, the accent ought to be OB the laft fyllable (140}. Carbinier k&r- bd-n^dr'. s. A fort of light horfemao. '^' Carack, kir'kk. s. A large flitpof bnrden, galleon. four gralnit; a manner of cspreffiog the finends of gold. Caravak. kdr'&^vdn s. (524). Atfoop or body of merchants en* pilgrims. Caravansary kdr-4>van'sil-rt. s. A koofe built for the reception of trsvellera. CAKAWAY,kdr^*wA* s. A plant. Carbonado, kiT-b6-n&M6. s. .(92). Meat cut acrofs to be broiled (77). ToCarbonad', k^r-b6M'd&. v. a. To cut or hack — Sec LvjidBAOo. CarbukclEi kir'bx'^nk-kl. s. (40J). /^ jewel Ihining in the dark ; ttA i^t or pim- ple. Carbon cLEn, kar1>5iik-kld. a. Set with carbuncles ; fpotted, deformed with pimples v36a). * Oarbuncolar, Ur-bftng'kft-Hr. a. Red like a carbuncle. CARBuNctTLATiok, kir*bi5ng-kft-l&'» fli An • s The blafti^g 6t young bud% I7 heat or cold. CAR 249 CAR ^a6^ mirc^ ndr» ii&t|«^i»lftbet tAb, CAttAjA-r, Idhr^Idirn^t. s. A cbain or C9&V of jewels. Caecas* k^kds. s. (92). A — p^^nd :*-/Mn, this. Carelessly, kAreldf-W. ad. 'Negli- gently, heedlefaly. Cakklrssness, kirel^f-nds. s. Heed- leffnefs, inattention. Carh.ess, kure'lds. a. Without oire, without folicitude, unconcerned, negligent, heedlefs, cnmindful, chccrfui, undi/lurbed ; nnmoYcd byjunconcoriicd at. To CARf 6s, kd-r^s'. v. a. To endear, to limdic. Caress, ki'rSs. s. An slA of endear- ment* Caret, ki'r^t. s. A not^ which (hew* where ibmething interlined Iboitid be read, a» A* Cargo, kir'gi. s. Tbt ladbg of a fiiip. Caricature, kir-iV.i,tfl-6re'. (461), {Jr This word, though not in Johnfon, I have not fcrupled to infcrtjfrom us frequent aiid legitimate ufagc. Baretti tells ur, that the literal fenfe of this word is certa guaaiita di mmiinwiu cbej! $Mttte ntlT arcbibufo 9 ahrv^ which, in Engliih, fignifies the charge of a gun : but its metaphorical fignification, and the only one in which the Ecghfb ufe it, is, as he tells as, dUbifi atuhe di ritraiU ridUolo in cut finfi grandtminte actrefdute i dijetti^ whcR applied to paintings, chiefly portraits, that heightening of fome features and kywering others, which we call in £ngli/h OTercharg^ ing, and which will make a very ugly picf tuf e, not unlike a handfome pcrfbn : whence any exaggerated oharaaer, which is redun^ dant in fome of its patu, and defedire ia others, is called a Caricature. Caries. k4'rd-iz. s. (99). Rottennefi. Cariosity, k4-r^-us it^. Rottcnnels. Carious, k4'r*-rts. a. (314). Rotten. Cark, kirk. s. Care, anxiety. To Ca« k, kirk. V. n. To be carcfulj to be ansious. Carle, k4rl s. A rude, brutal man, chnrL Car line Thistle, kir-line-Mis'fl. s, A plant. CARLiNCs,kir11ng«.s. In a (hip, tim- bers lying fore alid aft. Carman, kir'man.'s. (RR). A mati whofe employment it is to drive cars. CARMRLiTfe, k.ir'm^-lite. «. (156'. A fort of pear; one of the (vdcr of White Friars. Capminatiye, k^r-min't-tiy. tf. Car- minatiYes are fuch things asdifpel wind and promote inlcn(&ble peripiration. CARMiNATivk, kLr.roin'4-tJv. a. Bc- lo^giog t9 €annijiatfyca (559)— ^^tc, ftr, fill. Car MINK, Icir-mine'. s. A powder of a bright red or crimfon colour. t2r Dr. Johnfon, Sheridati, Aih, and Simdi, accent this ord on the fixft fyllable ; but Mr. rtares. Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Perry, Bochanan, and Entick, more properly on the iaft :— for the reafoil, fee C ARBf nb. Carnage* kdr'nidje. s. •,90.1. Slaugh- ttti havock ; heapi of fleih. Carnal, kAr'nAl a. (88). Flefliiy, not fptritual ; luftlnl, lecherous. Carnalitv, kcir-nil^6-t6. s. Flefiily Inft ; groflkeft of mind. Carnally, kcLr'n:llU ad. According to the fiefli, not fpiritnaUy. Carnaln i* s8, kdr'a^l-n^s. s. Csirnality. Carnation, k&r-ni'flidn. s.Thename of the natiiral fleih colour. Carnslion kir>nile'yAn s. (113). A ^eciou ftone, more commonly written and pronomiced ComeSam, Carmeous, k4r'nd-fls. a. Flefliy. To Carnifv, kilr'n^-fl. v. n. To breed fleih. Carnival, kir'n^-vil. s. The fcaft held tn Roman Catholic countries before Lent. CARNiTOROus,kir*nlvV&-r^s.a. Flefli- oting (ji8.) Carnosity, k&r-n&s's^-t^. s. Flefliy ezcrefcence. Carnous, k^r'nfts. a. (314). Fleihy. CaroB) k4-r6b'. s. A plant. Carol, k&'riiK s. (166.) ATong of joy and exultation ;fong of devotion. To Carol, k&r'r&l. v. n. To fmg, lo warble. To Carol, k&r'r^L v. a. To praife, to oeiebrzte* Carotid, ki-r6t'ld. a. Two arteries whife ariie out of the afcending trunk of the aorta. Carousal, k&-r6A'da. s. (88). A fcf- tival. To Carouse, U-rddz^ v. n* To drink, to quaff. To Carouse* k4-r6&z'. v. a. To drink. Carousir, k&.r^&'zdr'. s. (98). A drinker,a toper. Carp, kkrp. s. A pond fi(h. To Carf, k&rp» ▼. n. Toccnfure, to caviL Carprktsr, k&r^pte-tAr. $.(98)* An artificer in wood. Carpentry, k&r'pte-tr^. s. The trade «f a carpenter. CARPKRy kir'pdr* i. (98). A cavilkr* Bt ;— 4iid» mil ;^-^hie, pin ;«^ Carpet* k&r-plt. s. (99). Aqovertng of various colours ; ground vRfifgated with flowers; to be on the cafpet,iftobethc fabjed of coniideratiott. To Carpet, kir'pit. ▼• a. To fprea^ with carpets^ Carping, k&r'ping. part, au (410). Capticras, oenforius. C A H F I N G l Y, k^^ping-1^. ad . Captioui^ ly» ceororioufly. Carriage, kdr^ridje. s. (90), llie a(5l of carrying or tranfporting ; vehicle ; the frame upon which cannon is carried ; be- havioiir ; condudl ; manmment. Carrier, kAr'r^^r.s. One who carries fomething ; one whofe trade is to carry pi« geqns ; a mei&nger ; a fpecies of pigeons. Carrion, kar rd-Cin. s. (166}. The carcafs of fonethiog not proper for food ^ a name of reproach For a worthlcls woman ; any fleih fo corrupted as not to be fit for food. Carrion, kir'r^-^n. a. Relating to carcaiTcs. Carrot, kir'rftt. si {166). Garden root. Carroti-nRss, kir'rAt-^-nfis. s. Red- nefsof hair. Carroty, kar'rat-** a. Spoken of red hair. To Carry, kir'rd. ▼. a. Tt) convey from a pkce $ to bear, to have about one 7 to convey by force ; to eSc6^ any thing ; to behave, to condudl ; to bring forward ; to imply, to import; to fetch and bring, as dogs ; To carry off, to kill ; To carry on, to promote, to help forward ; To carry through, to fupport to the lafi. To Carry, kar'r^. v n. A horfe is laid to carry wdl, when his neck is arched, and he holds his head high. Cart, k^rt. s. (92) A wheel carriage, «M commonly for luggage ; the vdiicle io whidi aiminalsare carried to ezecutiioiL. To Cart, kart. v. a. To expofe in a cart. To Cart, Hn. v. n. To nfe carts for carriage. Cart-horsb, k&rt'hdrfe. s. A coarie unwieldly horfe. Cart-load, kirt-lMe'. s. A quantity of any thing piled on a cart ; a ^ouitity fuf- fident to load a cart. Cartway, kirt'wA. $. A way throueh which a carriage may conveniently travel. Cart-blamche, k&rt-bl4nfh'. s. A blank paper, a paper, to be filled up with Xuch conditions as the parfon to vrhom it as fent thinks proper. CAS 'H CAS — AJ^md^e, n^» o&t; t&be, tAb, Cajltzls U^r'tA. s. A wriiing con- tuaiog ftipolationf* CAtrKB, ki^r'tAr. s, (98). Tb^ man vfao dcives a cait* Cartilage, kir'ti-lMje, s. (90). A fiaooth md folui body, fofttr th»a » booe, hmtharda cbaa a ligunenc. Cartilagikeous, kibr'l^-li'JMi. ytis. (II3). Cartilagiiioi7s» k4r-t4*ttdj< n^s (5I4')- Canning oT cartOa^. CAiirooji» k&r-tWn'. ». Apawmiogor dn^mg upon large paper. CAKTOurH,ViT-ioAtlh'. s. A cafe of wood thiee inches tUd at tlte bottom, hoL^ng baUi. It u find oot of a hobit or fmal) mortar. CART.AGB, ?jy^trUjC. {90). J$. A cafe of paper or parchment filled with gwpowdcr, Qled for the greater ezpeditioo in cnarpi^ gana* Ca*t«.vt, kkrt'T&t. 5. The track made by a cart wHed. CA&TULAaT, kir'tftfi-tt-r*. s. (461) A place where pspen are kqit. CAK-nraiGHT, kirtVitc- 1. A maker of caffa* To CA»rfc, kkrv. v. a. To cut wood, eriZone; to cat meat at the table; to en- gfave ; to dioofe ooe'a own part. ToCsavK. kirv. V, n. To cxercife the trade of a fcnlptor ; to perform at table the office of fnpplt«og the compapy. CAavrR.K&rV^T 5.(98). A fculptor; he titat cau ap the neat at the table ; he that choaTes Ux him£elf. Cakvisg. kir'vbg. s* (410). Sculp- turCy.£^at!C% carred. Carwucle. kir''1ak-kU s. (405-) A teafl pcotidictaDce of fleih (81). C A8CADS , kif-kide'. s. A cataraa, a water-fafl. Case, kAJc. s. A covenng. a box, a Ibeash ; the onter part of a haufc ; a build* si^ unfitrnHhof* Casc-xnife, kilc'nife. s. A large kit- dMsknlfie. Cass-skot, kiic'Ih^t. s. Ballets cn- dofed in a caie. Casi, kife. s- Condition with teprd to ootward ciromifianfet ; ftate of things ; in phyiidt, jbte of the body ; condition with regard ta Wanne£i, or health ; contbgeoce ; qoeftiott rtbttnr to particiikr pcrfoat or ihingi; r^rdcautioQ of any qtieftion or bAIl V— ^U ;-«-p6{iQd i-^hxa^ this. fiate of the body, mind, or affiibn ; the ira^ riation of nount i lo caft, if it fluwld hap^ pen. To Cass, kilfe. v. a. To put in a cafe or cover ; to ovnt «s acafie \ toftrip off the covering. To CASENARDBNykilfeli&r-dn.v.a. To hatden on the otttfide. Casematb, k:ife'm4te. s. A kind of ▼aolt or arch of fione-work. CAS£iitcNT,k^ze'm£nt s. A vrindow opening upon hinges. Caseworm. k^iVwArm. s. A grab that makes itfelf a cafe. Cash, kalb. s. Money^ rieady monef. CASH-^EEPf a, k&ih'k^^p-(^. & A man cntrafted with the money. Cashkwnut, ka-(h^5'n&t. s. A tree. Cashier, ki-ft^^'. s (275). He that has charge of th^ mcuey. To Cashier, ki-fh^r'. v. a. To dif- card, to difinififrom a poft. Cask, klfk. s. A barrel. Casc^ue, k4fk. s. (415). A helmet, armour for the head. CAs*BT»kas'kit. $. (96). Afmallbox Off cheft for jewels. To Cassate, kls'sdtc, t. a. (91). To vacate, to invalidate. Cassation, k^-siL'fhAn s. A making null or void. Cassavi. Cassada, can plant* Casma, UiWMA. s» nKntiouedby Mofcs, Cassiowary kalVihi-^wdrfi. s. A large bird of prey* Cassock, k4s's6k. s. (166). A dofe garment. Cassweed, kds'w^M. s. Shepherd** pouch. To CASTjkdft. V a. (79), To throw with the hand; to darow away, as ufele£i or noxious ; to throw dice, or lots ; to thrvw in wreftling ; to throw a net or fnare ; t« drive by violence of weather ; to leave be- hind in race ; to ihed, to let fall, to mouk ; to lay afide, as fit to be worn no longer ; to ovcrweigh, to n»ke to preponderate, to de- cide by overbalancing ; to compute, to reck- on, to calculate ; to contrive, to plan out ; to fix the parts in a play ; to dired the eye ; to form a oaould ; to model, to form ; To caft away, to Ihipwreck ; to wafte in profu- fion ; to ruin ; To caft down, to deje^, to dcprcfs the mind; to caft off, to difcard,to diflmrdeo one's felf ; to leave behind •, To y * f \ li r *• An Amen- A fwect fpicc CAS 35S CAT 80* (559) — FAte, ar, fill, fdt ;~-m^ mit ;— pine, pto;-,- } s. Gift out, to turn oat of doors; to vent, to ipeak ; To caft up, to compute, to calcu- late ; to vomit. To Cast, kift. v. n. (92). To con- eriV^ to turn the thoughts to ; to admit of a form by cafting or melting; to waq>, to grow out of form. Cast, k4ft. s. The aft of cafting or throwing, a throw; ftate of any thing eaft or thrown ; a ftroke, a touch ; motion of the eye ; the throw of dice ; chaqce from the caft of dice ; a mould, a form ; a fhade, or tendency to any colour ; exterior ap- pearance ; manner, air, mien ; a flight of hawks. Castanet, kls'td ndt. s. Small fhells of ivory, or hatd wood, which dancers rat- tle in their hands. Castaway, kds'idwi. s Apcrfonloft, or abandoned by providence. Castcllin, kds-tilTin. Castkllaik, kis't^lUae, Conftableofacaftle. Caster, kAs'tfir, s. A thrower, he that cafts; a calculator, a man that calcu- lates fortunes. To CAirroATE, kSs't^-gAte. v. a. (91). To chaftifc, to chaften, to punifh. Castigation, kls-te gA'fli4n. s. Pen* ance, difcipline; puni&ment, correftion; emendation. Castigatory, kas't^.g&-tdr-^. a. Punitive (514). Casti L E Soap, kds't^6l-s6pe. s. A kind of foat>. CA8TiN0-!fET,kisYingii^t. s. A net to be thrown into the water by hand to catch 6ih. Castle, kls'fl. s. (472); A houfe for- tified^ Cai^Iesin the air, proje^s witjiout reality. Castled, kds'fld. a. (405) (472). Fumiflied with caftlcs. Castling, kittling, s. An abor- tive. Castor, kis'tAr. s. (98). A beaver. Ca stor eu m . kif-t&'r^-Am. s In phar- macy, a liquid matter endofed in bags or purfes, near the anus of the cafior, faliely taken for hb tefticles. CASTRAMBTATlONjkdftnVm^tA'Mn. s. The art or pradice of encamping. To Castrate, kas'trdte. v, a. To geld ; to take away the ohfceoe pans of a writing. Castration, kis-trA'fhto. 5. The aft of gcldidg. I kls'tril. 15.(99). Casteril, Castrbl, mean-or degenerate kind of hawk. Castremsian, kif-crdn'lh^4n. s. Be« longing to a camp. Casual, k&zh'a4}. a. (451) (453). Accidental, ariiing from chance. Casually kizh'u41-l(&. ad. Accident-- ally, without deiign. Casualnebs, kizh'{i41*n&. s. Acct- dentalnefs* Casualty kizh'A-Al^t^. (• Accident^ a thing happening by chance. Casuist, kizh'tL-Mk. s. One that du- dies and fettles cafes of confcience. Casuistical, kizh-Ck-ls'ti-k&l. a. Re- lating to cafes of confcience. Casuistry, klzh'Ws-trd.B. ITie fci- ence of a caibift. CATnkAt s. A domeftick animal that catches mice. Cat, kit. s. A fort of ftitp. Cat-o'-nine-tails, kit-^Unine'tUz. s. (8S). A whip with nine laflics. Catachresis, klt-i kr^'sls. s. (^20). The abufe of a trope, when the words are too far wrefted from their native fignifica- txon ; as a voice beautiful to the ear. CATACHRESTicAL,k4t4-krds't£.kAl. a. Forced, far fetched. Cataclysm, kit'i-kllzm. s. Ad.lBgc an iuundatioo. Catacombs, kdt'i-komz. $. Subter- raneous cavities for the burial of the dead. Catalepsjs, kit &-l^pVis. s. A.difeafe wherein the patient is without (cafe, and re- mains in the £une poftnre in vrfaich the dif * eafe feized him. Catalogue, kAt'&46g. s. (338). An enumeration of particulars, a lift. CATAMouNTAiN.ku.t-d'in6An'tln. b. A fierce auimal refembling a cat. Catafuact, kit'&-frakc. s. A horfew man in complete armour. Cataplasm, kit'a-pULzm. s. A poul- tice. Catapult, kit'a-pfth. $. (489). An engine ufed anciently to throw fttfoes. Cataract, kSt'd-rikt. s. A fall of water from on high, a cafcade. Cataract, kat'd-rakt. s. An infpifla- tion of the cryftalline humour of the eye ; ibmetimcs a pellicle that hinders the light. ' Catarrh, kk-t&i'. b. A defluaion of a iharp ferum from the glands about the httd and throat. CAT 5^3 C At iacfstj^ to tht cmittrh, ^rocf <«liDg fruin & cs^ C' -r<^ 5. The T f V. - ^ ^9), To Uy • 'n\iit -^ lit , to irAitiAH,kAt.^*i;i't^.4n. ik, Kch\* ing to a cham, ToCatenat*!, kit'^-n^te. ?. a. To CATimATiOK, k4t4.B4'fliAiw •* LwOc, To Cat Ik, k^'tur^ v. a* £98), To pro- vide fo&rf, 1^ hny IB vifltiftU. Catk*, kilter, s. l*he four of eir4£ ■nddice. Cat** ecu Jin, ki't6r-k^t-$it. s. A petty fji^opntCi one rcbud bf bbod or mind« , Cater I Rj ia'liir*^r. *♦ A purveyor. CAriiuss, k4'tiir*rds 1. A woman employed to prnviik TiauaU. CATFft FILL ATI, k^t'tur-iil-liV. s. A worm fiiftajned by Jcarc* wid Imiit; a pLaot. To Catkhwaci.» klt't^r-w.WL v n- To nijlkt 1 noiic ^^ cats in ruttinsr Uta< ; to make aijy offcnlive or ^dtoua ooile* Cat££, k4tes« 3. Vbnds, too J, 4\{k of me:^» Catfish, kilt'fUll, s. A fea fifh iinfac Wtft-lndici. CATMAftTiCAt, H^lkr'ii'lM. \ CjiTftARTiCK, ki-lMr'tik. J^' CATHAitTICItt k^.f/j^'tlk, S, (509). A iTtedictne to purge downward. CATHAfLTtCALMSSf ki'/iir't^k^- nnAL, ki-zMMrlli:. tS5), Th0 head church of t diiK^fc^ C A V 254 G A U cO". (S59) — Fite, fir, fUJ-, Et ;-^m*, ittdt f*— pine pin^ Catherine-pear» k5/i&-ilir-ria-p4re'« s. An inferior kind of pear. ^This proper name ought to be written witli as a in the fccondfy liable inftead of ^, ~'as it coiiie:) ff om the Greek K»ixpo>> figoi- (jing^re. eATHETEfe,ki/W-tAr. s. (9^)' A hol- ** low and fomcwBat erookcd inilnimciit to .thruft into the. bladder, t^aflillr ifi bringing away the urine wfaen^che paflage is flopped. G/iT>iOLFi..,kat'h6l/. s. fii afli'ip,two little holesaftem abovathe gutt rpoikipdrts. OA^TH^LicisWi R;^*-/^*r^ sizm. s. Ad-' herence. to t^e Catholick Church. dATfirtLieic, lc^A'6-lik.'a;- URiverfal or general. GATHOLfcoN, k4-/^6r6^k6ii;' s* An' univeH^I mtdicitie,' CAf kInS, kat'klnu.^. Imperfect flow- ers hanging from tree^, 10 mannerof a rope ' or cat'^-t^jL . . Catling, klitllng s A.difniembcfing •kbiii, ufedby fyrgeens;. catgut,fiddlc^f ifigs. Catmikt, kat'minc. ». A plant. CAfkiPtRrcAt, Mt-6p'tr5-Ml. a* -Re"' latiog til the catoptrjcks, or vH^ott by reflect . tioiu 1 - ' • CitToPTRiCKs, kdt-op'trlks. -s. Thkt '* part of dpttd^s which 4X6atft of ^oa by fe. flexion. ■ , Cat PIPE, kat'pipe. s. Catcaf. Cat's- BYB, kits'i. s. A ftonc, CatVfoot, kdts'fiit. s. Alehoof. Cat*s-head, kdts'h^d: 4- A kind o£ •ppU. CAT^iLypR, kit'sll-viir. s. (98). A kind of fofli>. • CiT's-TAit. kdts'tdlc. s. A longrouiid iubftance that grows upon nut trees ; a kind ofreed. Catsup^ univerfally pmnonnced k£tfh'dp. s/ A kind of pickle. . Cattle,. kk'tl. s. (405), Beafts of yadure, not wUd nor don^euick* CAvALCADE/kiiv dl-Vide'. s. (524}. A proceilion on horfcback. ' Cavalikr. t:av4-lWr. s. '(275). A horfeman, a knighr; a gay, fprightly milita- ry man ; the appellation of the pa^ty of King Charles the Firft. Cavaler, k5v-i4^6r'. a. Gay, %r^htly, warlike ; generou*, brave; >dtl- dainful, haughty. Cavalierly, kiy l*1^^r'l^. ad. Hauglitilyi arrogantly, dildainfuUy. Cavalry, k\ril-r*. Horfe troops. To Catati, kk'ritc. v. a. To hollow. Cavaziok, ki-yi'^ihAn. s. Tie hollow^ ing of the earth for cellarage Caudle, kiw'dl. s. {405> A mixture of wine and other -ihgredients, given to wo-- men in childbed. ^ . Cave, k^v^. s. AcsivcjrQt, SLsHen ; a hollow, any hollow place. CAyRAT,.ki'v^-it. Sv A caveat is an intimation given to fonte ^^orduiary or co def^aftical judge, noti(yiBg,to him, th^ he ought to beware howiie a As. • Caver.k, kiv'iirn, s, (555 J-^ A hollow pUce in t^ ground. • • . CAviiRNFD,Hv'ilrnd. a. (jj6i). Foil of.cavcmsi hoUoWy. excavated; i&habitUi|^ a cavern. Cavernous, k&v'6r-ni\s. a. (sST)* . FuU of csMtnA > • Gavesson. k4v'6f fi'^n. s. (9«). A fort of nofcband ibr'a-fiorffc. . CAUFi khvff. 5. A cfieft with holes, to kifcp fifti alfvc in the water. Caught, kWt. (213) (393). Part. paf^. from To catch* i Caviare, kirv^^. $. The. eggs of a flprgcVn falted.^ , 0- Either the fpcUing or, the pcofi\iBciaci«R yti this ji¥Qrd (bould ht ateeced . we hfRV no inflance in the language of fottOilNig mrr, < ^re A the^anei^rfpelliflg fum» to haw boeti Caviare ; tHongh Buchanan-, and Bailey, in compliaiiee wi^ the pronunciation, fpcU it , ^avf^r, and' W. Johnfton CatAMr; and A&i, ' - as a lef8ufual-fpelling,C K&w'dQ. a. Relating to caafet. CAvsAbiTY, k^w-zdre-t£. s. The ageuy of a canie, the quality «f caflfing. Causatiom, kiw-z4'thAn; s. Ihe aft or power df cas6og. Cavsati7e, kiw'zi-tlv. a. (iy7) Thai exprdTes a caide or reafoa. CAvsAToii,k^w-zVt{l^r. s. {s^i}> A caafw ; an aachor (98)* Cause^ kiwx s. That which produces i orefiefts aoy thing, ilie efficient; the rea- foa, modye to aoj thing; fabjed of Uttga- ctoo; party. To Cause, kkwz. y. a. To effeA as an CAfjs£LESsi.T, kkwzliiC'U. ad. With- out canie, withottt rcaibn. Cavscliss, kavrz'l^s. a. Original to iiielf ; withont joft ground or motive. CAUSft, kaVz^^r. s. 98). He that canfis, the agent bf which an eSEeA ia pro* diiced. Caused, > k&w'z^. ? s A way sailed and pared above the reft of the ground* ^ Dr. Jcdodbn tcOa ua, tl^t this word, hf a bi£c noboo of iuetymobgyihaa been lately writtea camfewty. It ia derived from the Trench ebamssie. In the Scripture we find It wrtttcn caauy, '* To Shnpptm the lot came forth weftward ** hy the caify. — i Cbron, xxvi. 16. Bat Miltoo, Drydcn, and Pope, write it mi^ . 'wmj ; and thefe anthoritics feem to have filed the proonnciatjon. This wordi from itsmiibJKA etymology, may rank with Laif «fnv— which fee. CausVical fcaw^'t^-kil. ?^,B,i Caustick. kiws'tlk. > . . ing to mcdkameots which, by their violent ^Aivttj and heat, deftioy the texture of the part to whidi they are applied, and bum it into an efchar. CAt;sricic,kiws'tlk. s. Acaoftickor bormng application. CA«TiL,kaw'tSl «. Caution,' fcrnple. CAOTtLOus, kiw'td-tiks. a. Cautious, wary •, wily, cunning. Ca u telous l y, kiw^fA-lftf-1*. ad. Cun- Jiingiy, £ly, ^rautiouily, w^ily. Cautehixation, kiw-turr^zl'fh&n. s. The a6l of burning with hot irons. To Cauterize Wiw tar-ize. v. a. To burn with the cautery. Cauterit, kaw'tiir-r6. s. (5?^) Cau- tery .is either a&ual or potential ; the firft is burning hy a hot iron, and the latter with cauftick medicincii. Cautioh. kiw'l^l'!n. s Pnidencc, fore^ fight, warinefs; provifiooary precept ; warn- ing. : To Caution, kWfh^n. v. a. To warn, to give notice of a danger. ' Cautiomary, kiw'lhrtn-4-rd'. a. Givei^ -as a pledge, or in fecurity. Cautious, ki\^'flnls. a. (292). Wary, watdlfui. Cau nousLY, kiw'ihdf-!^. ad. In a wary manner. CAunousNESSt k4w'{hii5-nd9. s. Watch fulnefs, vigilance, circumfpc^oo. ToCAw,kiw. V. n. To cry as the rook, or crow. Cayman, kd'm^n. 6. (88). American alligator or crocodile. To Cease, fdfe. v n. To leave off, to ftop, to give over ; to fail, to be extind ; to be at an end. To CEASBif^fe. a. To put a ftop to. Cease, ftfe* s. ExtindioUy failure. Obfolete. Cfi ASK LESS, sdfelds. a. InccfTant, per- petual, continual. Cecity, sds'd-tfc. s. (503).'Brmdn^s, privation of fight. (j^ I have given the e in the firft iyllable of this word the fliort found, notwiHiftandhig the diphthong in the original C^citna ; being convinced of the fliortening power of the antepenultimate accent of thefe words 1 14) (5rx ; and of the pre-antcpenukimate ac- cent of Cenatory and Prefaicry* ' CECUTiENSY,sd-ku'lhd dn-sd. s. Clou- dinefs of fight. Cedar, sd'dAr. s. (88). A tree j the wood of Ehc cedar tree. To Cede, sdd*. v. a. To yield 5 tore- «fign ; to give up to another. *' Ckorine. sd'drine. a. (140). Of or be- longing to the cedar tree. To Ceil, s61e. v. a. To cover the in- ner roof of a building. ■ Ceiling, se'ling. s. The inner roof. CELANDINE) S^r^-dhlC, S. (149)' A plant. Celatuee, sa'a-tfliurc. s. (461). Tlic art of engraving. To Celebrate, s^n^-biate. v- a. To C E If ^st C EM «*" (559)— '^*t«» ftr* fillf at >^in*, Di£t supine, plm \ jpraiie, to commend ; to dtftipgwih by ib^ lemn ritea ; to mention in a iet or folemn manner (91). Celebration, sdl«^-br4'(hftnL s. So- lemn performance, folemn remembrance ; praife, renown, memorial. Cklebri >u$» s^ l£'br^-ds. a. (505). Famous,' renowned. CKLBBar)USLY, s6 U'br^-dri^. aJ. In a famous manner. Cel£briousni:ss» s^ le'bri*ds-n6$. s. Renown, fame< Celebrity, s^Ub'briU. $. (511). Celebration, fame. • CELfeRiACK U'Wri'ik, a. Tumep- rooted celery. Celerity, sd-Wr'ri-t^. s. Bwiftncfs, fpeed,Teloci^j. CfcLfeRY s^rd-r^. s, A fpcciesof parf- ley ; corruptly pronoiinced Sax. art, Celesiial, s^-l^s :ih.ii. a. (271). Heayenly, relating to the fopcrior regions ; hearenly, related to the bleflcd date; hea- ▼enly, with refped to excellence. Celestial, sM^sMWl s. (464). An inhabitant of heaven. Celfstiallv. sM^s'tlhU-ld. ^d* In a heavenly manner. To CELbSTIFY, S^-l^s'l*-fl. To givc fomething of a heavenly nature to anything. Cbliack. sd'ld-dk. a. Relating to the lower belly. Celibacy, s^V^*b4-s^. a. Single life Celibate, s^r^-blt. 8. (91). Single nfe« Cell> U\» s. a small cavity or hollow pilace; the cave or little habitation of a reli- gious perfon ; a fmall and dofe apartment \a apnfon ; any fmall place or refidence* Cellar, s^riiir. s. (>^8). A place un der ground, where ftorea are reported where liquors are kept. Cellarage. sSri^r-ilje. s. (90). Tlie part of chebuildiog, whidi makes the «el* iisi* Cellarist, s^lli^rld. s. (555). The butler in^a religions hovfe* Cellular* seriii-lHr. a. Confifting of Uttle cells or cavities. Celsituoe, sers^-tftde. Si Height. CiMBNT, s^m'mdnt. s. (49a). The matter with which two bodies are made to cohere ; hood of miioB in friendihip. CiM6NTATioN,s£m-^n*ti'ibAn s, Tls« a^ofcemfoting. Cemetery, sifern'mA-tir-^. a. A pUc# where the dead are repofinid* Cenatohv* sin'n4-t6i-i s, (505)* Relating to fapper.-^«-Sec CaciTV (JX%)' Cenoei r icAL, sen-no-bit'^-Wl. a. l-iv» tngin community (503). Cemotapw. sfin'6.taf. s Aipoaament for on^ eUewhere biiriodv Cense, fignfe. s PubFick rates* loCiNss, {^fe. V. a. To perfume with odoiva. Censer, f given to ecu* fure, Ci Ns^RiAK. s^n-so'rMn. a* Relating to the ccnfor* Censorious^s^i s6'r6>iis. a. Addidked to cenfvre, fevf re. Censor I 'Usly* s4n-$6'ri<(^s-U« ad. In a fevere refle Aing manner. Censokio'jsnpss s^n- s&-iA-As*ii£$» s. pifpoiition to reproach. Cbn9'>hihip sc^ "^ir-Qiip. &• (l(S6}. The office of a cenfor. Ceksurablb, s^n'ihi\ rjl-bl. a. Wdr<- thy of cenfbre, culpable. CENSURABL£N&9S»$te'(kft-l&-bl*IliSi^S« .Blameableneft. Censure. s^n'Oiure. s (45a)- Blame* reprimand, reproach ; judgcmeiit, opiaiofi ; judicial fentcnce ; fpiritoal punifhmeat. To CENSURE, s^n'lhirc. . v. a. To bkme, to brand publickly ; to condutui. Censurer, s^n'fhur-i&r. s. H€ that ToCemrkt, s^-m^nt'. V. a To unite by means t>f fomething interpofed. To Ce Ml NT, s* mdnt'. v. n. To come into cofljun^oOi to cohcvc* Cent, sint. s. A hundred* as five per cent. ; that is, five in the hundred. CKHTAURjS^n'tftwr. s. A poetical be* ing, fuppofed to be compounded of a man. and' a horfe ; the vdier in the sodiack. , Centaury, sdn'tdw-rd. s. A plant. Centenary* s6n^t^-nS s^'i4-tW. a. Waxed. To C£R£» fi^re- ▼. a. To wax. Cf&ebei., s^*.ba- s. (503> Part of tbchtaio. . Ckrecloth, s^re'cl6th. s. Cloth uncar- cd WHS with glntinoiia nuitter. Cbremcrt. s^re'xn^Dt. ft. Clotjiesdip ped in mekcd waa» with Wbtfb doid bodies w^*niut peace. Cessavit, sef-sA'vit s. A writ. CfissiBiLiTr, s^f-s^-bil'd-ift s. The quality of receding, or giving way. Ces s I b l e, sei's^- bl . a . (405 ). £afy to give way. Ces&ion, sdHi'fhdn. s« Retreat, the ad «f giving way ; refignation. Cessionary, s^lh'lh^-6-nd-r6. a. Im- filying a refignation. - CessmeiIt, s^s'm^t. s. An affefTment or tax. Cessor, sifsiV. s. (gS) (166). He that ceafcth or negle^thfolong to pprforiti a duty belonging to hini) as that he mcur- reth theiSH, tM'flng-dlfh. s. A veffel to make any thing Iiot iii ; a portabk gfateforcuak. Chagrin, M-gr£^n'. v. a. HI humour^ vezadon. To Chagrin, M-grWn'. v. a. To vex, CO put out of temper. Chain, tiliAne. s. A feriesof links faf- tened one within another ; a bond, a mana- cle;; afettcr^ a^liae of linkb •'^th which land is meafured $ a feries linked together. To Chain, t(h^e v. a. To faiien or link with a chain ; to bring into flavery ; to put -en « chain ; to nnite. Chain PUMp,tih4ne'pi!^mp. s. A pump ufedin large Englifli veflel6,which is double, ib that one xifes as the ot!her falls. Ch AIM SHOT, tihane ib6t s. Two bul- lets or half bullets failened together by a chain, which, when they fly open, out awajr whatever is before them. Chainwork, t(bine'w4rk. s. Work with open fpaces/ ChAir tihkre 5.(52). A moveable feat ; a feat of juftlcc, or of authority ; a vehicle borne by men ; a fedan. Chairman, tlh;^te'mlih. s. (88). The prefident of an affembly ; one whole trade it is to carry a chair. Chaisk« In.ize. s. A carriage either of pleafure or expeditictfi. 0" The Vulgar, who are un^quaintcd with the fpeliiog of this word, and ignorant of its French dei ivation, are apt to fuppofc it a plural, andcall a fingle carriage aj0tfj ; and the Polite fcem fometimesat a lofs whether they (hould not confider it as both iingnlar and plural ; but the beft niagc feems to have determined it to be. in this refpcd, regular, and to make the plural cbaifa, Chalcographfr, kal-kog'grd-f^. s. (353 '. An engraver in btafs. Chalcoorakhy, kal-kug'gra-f challenge. Chanck, tfhanfe. s. (78) {79). For- tune, the caufe of fortuitous events; the- adl of fortune ; accident ; cafual occurrence^ fortuitous event, whether good or bad; poflibility of any occurrence. To Chancr, tlhinie. v. n. To hap- pen, to fall out. CHANCi'-MbDLKY.tllianfe-m^d'l^. s. In law, the cafual flaughterof a man, not alto- gether without the fault of a flayer. Chanckablk, tih^n'sa-bl. a. Acciden- tal." Chancel, tfliin's^l. s. The eaftern part of the church, in which the altar is placed. Chancellor, tthan'sfil-Wr.s. AnofE- C H A 560 C H A flC> (559).*— EAte, ftr, fall, fut ;--md, ftiit ;— pine, pin 5-^ cer of the highell power aad dignity in the csnrt where he prefidet. . Chance LLOH s lii p, tr-(hip«6« The afilce of ebttoccllof . Chaw . ei v, t* radher- Characteristicalnsis, kir4k^*' rls't^-kdl-nis, s. The quality of be- in^ peculiar to a chancer. Charactbristick, k4r.4k-t*.ris'llt 0. That which conftitutes the charader. To Characterize, k^'Ak-t^-r)ze. , V. a. To give a chsra^fcer or an account of the perfonal qoalities of any man ; to engrave or imprint i to mark with a parti- cukir ftamp or token. Characterless, Vir^kk-tiiT'lit. a. Without a charadier. Charactery, kir'dk t&r-rd. s. Im« preflion,mark. Charcoal, tfhir'k&le. s. Coal made by burning wood. Chard, tth&rd. s« Chards of arti- chokes are the leaves of fair artichoke plants tied and wrapped op all over but the top^ in flraw; Chards of beet are pbnu of whiu beet trailfplanted. To ChaHGb, lihirje. v. a. To en- truft, to commiffion for a certain purpofe } to impute as a debt } to impute; to impofo as a talk ; to accufe, to c^ure ; to com- mand.; to fall upon, to athick; to buiden» to load ; to fill ; to load a gun. Charge, t(li4rje. $. Care, truft, cnf- tody ; precept, mandate, command ; com- miliion, truu conferred, office ; accufation, imputation ; the thing entruftcd to care or management ; expenfe, coft ; osfet, attack ; the fieiial to fall upon enemies ; the quan- tity of powder and ball pot into a gun ; a. preparation or a fort of omtment applied to the flioulder-fplaits and iprains of horfes. CttARGCABLE, tf1k&r'j4-bl. a. Expen- five^^ coftly ; imputable, as a debt or crime ; fobjfeift to charge, accuiable. Chargearleness, tihir^i^bt-n^d. s. Bzpenfe,coft» codlinefs. Chargeablit, t(hlr'j&-bl£. ad. £x- penfively. CHARGfcR, tftiir'jAr. 8* (98). A large diflt ; un o{icet*s horfe. Charily, tflii'r^^. ad. Warily, fru* r»ny. C H E 264 C H Ji O (559).— F4tc, fir, ail, fit J— m^, m^t;— pine, p'm;— erthdepiftt feem to adopt the latter j>roiitta' ciation ; and W. Johnftoo, Dr. Ketrrick, and Mr. Perry, the former; and as this is amca* ble to the orthography, and, it may be ad- ^d, to the etymology (which indicates that ftate of mind which arifes from being full of good cheer;, it ought, nnlcis the ocbcr has an eridcnt preference in cuftom, to be looked upon as the moft accurate (241) Chs£RFULLY,tfln§*r'fM.U. ad. With- out dejedion, with gayety. CHEERFuLNtss,t{hWr'fM n&. s. Free- dom from dcjedion, alacrity ; freedom from gloominefs. Chebrls&s, tlh^^rl^s. 9* Without gayety, comfort, or gladiiefr. , Cmeerly, tfbiir'U, a. Gay, cheerful, not gloomy. Cheerly, tfli^r'U. ad Cheerfully. Cheery, tfli^^'r*. a. Gay, fprightly. Cheese, t(h£^ze s. A kiod of food made by preffing the curd.of milk. Cheesecake, tfb^ze'kdke. s. (247). .A cake made of foft cttrds, fugar and butter. CHESsEMONGER,tih^^ze'mfing-gi!ir. s. One who deals in cheefe. . Cheesevat, tfliMze'vdt. r. The wood- en caie in which the ^rds are prefled into cheefe. Cheesy, tlhi^'zi, a. Having the na- ture, or form of cheefe. CflEiY^Wa^.s. (353). The claw of ^iheUfifii., To Cherish, tft^r'rlfh.v. a. To fup- port, to Ihelter, to nurfe np. Cherisher, tflidr'rifh-i^r. s. An en* courag«r, a fupporter. CHBRisHM£NT,t(hdr'r}ff)-m^t.s. £a- cxmragementyfopport, comfort. Chbrrt, t(b&r'r6. > ^ Cherry-tree, tfhir'rA-trid. 5 ^\ ^ tree and fruit. Cherry, tih^r'r^. a. Kefembling a cherry in colour. CHERRyBAY,t{hir'r^:bi. s. Laurel. Cherrycheeked, t(hdr'r&^fh^kd. a. Haring ruddy cheeks. Cher HYP IT, t!h^r'r^plt. s. A child's play, in which they throw dieny-ftiines mto a (mall hol^ Chersones, kSrY6-n£s. s. (353)* * A peninfola. Cherub, tfh£r'db. s. A cdieftial fpirit, which in the hierarchy, u placed {icxt in or- der to the Seranhim, Chbroei CK, tlhi^i^'blk. a. Angelick, rcMpg to Um Chervbim^ Cherubim, tfh^'u-blin. s. l%e Hc- bre>¥' plural of Cherub. fy Thofe who underftaadiio bnguage bitt their owl), are apt to commit an unpardon- able fault with critics, by miftaking thb word for a fingular, and writing the plural Cberubims, Others are apt to commit a much greater fault in fpeaking, which is that of forming an adjedivc from this word, a^ if written Cberuhimical^ or Cbcnthimuai, inAcad of Cberuhici. How hard is the fate 6f 'an Engliihman, who,to write and fp€ak his oti n language properly, muft not oniyuaderiland French, Latin, and Greck^but Hebrew alio! Cherubim, t(h^r'6-bin. a. Angelical. Ch^ervil, tihdr'v!}. s. An* umbelVifer* ons plant- To Ch£ruf, tfhir'iip. v.n. To chirp, to ufe a cheoful Toice. Chess, tfli^s. s. A nic& and intricate game io imitation of a battle between two armies. CHESs-APPtB, tdi^s'dp-pl. 8. Wild lenricew ^ CH£8S«B0ARD,tfh^s-b6rd.s. Theboaid or table on which the game of chela is pUyed. Chbss-man, tlQi&s'min, s. (88), A puppet for chdfe. Chessom, tfhds'sAm. $• (i66)* Mel« low earth. ; Chest, tflidft. s. A box of wood or other materials. Chested, tOi^ft'^d. a. Having a ched. ^ Chestnut, tflifis'niit. 1 Chrsnut-tree, tflj^s'ni'it»trd^. J *' A tree vthe fruit of the cheinut*trce ; the name of a brown colour. Chevalier, (hdvd-l^^r'. s. (352)- A knight. Chevaux-de-frisB, (b^y-A-d^-fr^zc\ s. (.35 a). A piece of timber travcrf- ed with wooden fpikes, pointed with iron, five or fix feet long ; tded in'defending a pafTage, a turnpike, or tourniquet. Cheven, tOr^v'vn. s. (103). A river fiih, the fame with chub. Cheteril, tih^v'^r-lL s. Akid, kid- leather. Chevron, tfli^Y'dh). In heraldry it. reprefents two rafters of R houfe as thcj ought to ftand. To Chew, {iSJih-Togrind with the teeth, to maftkate ; to meditate, or ruminate in the thodghta ; to tafte with- out fwaUowing* f^r The btterprofiunciatifiatsgrownmdlgsr. CHI 265 CHI «- ad, wdvCf o6r» n&t;— >tubei tAb« To Chew, tlhiO. ▼• n. To champ spoD, to mminacc. Chicawe, fhe-kdne'. s,. (35*;) TJ^e 2it of protrading a concept by artifice ; ar- tifice in gcncraL To Chicah e. ih^-kdne'. v. n. To prolong a conteft by tricks- Chicami:*, fh^ kA'nar. s. A petty ik^ifter, a wrangler. Chicani^ry, fli^-k^'ndir-^. s. Sophif. try, wrangle. Chick, tflbik. 7 rp, Chickeh, liWk'ln. (104). J*- ^"^ youn]^ of a bird, particularly of a hen, or fioaU bird ; a word of tcDdemefs; a term foe a young girl. ChiCkrvhearteDi tihik^in-hir-t^cl. a. Cowardly, fearful. Chicicenp<3X, tlhlklnpuks. s« A puf- . tuioat djfiemper. Chickling, tftiik'Iing. s. Afmall chicken. Chickpeas, t/liik'pizc. s. An herb. CiiiCKWEED, tfhik'w^d. s. A plant. To Ch IDE, iftiidc. V. a. To reprove ; to drive sway with reproof ; to blame, to reproach. To Chide, tfhlde. y. n. To clamour, to fcold; to quarrel with; to make a noife. Chider, tihi'dir. s. (98^ Arebukcr, a Jtprorer. Chief, ifli^^f. a. Principal, moQ cfniocnt; eminent, extraordinary ; capital, of the firft order. Chief, ifli^tf. s. (275). A com- mander, a leader. Chiefless, tlhc^fl^j. a. Without ahead. Chietly, llhttfl^. ad. Principally, emioently, more than common. Cui^FSitEj tft^^r^ s. A fmall rent paid to the lord paramount. CHtEFTAiv, tflii^ftln. s. (208). A leader s a commander ; the head of a clan. ^ ThU word ought undoubtedly to follow eaftahtf emrtaiii, vtUaiMy &c. in the pronun- ciatioB of the hft fyllable ; though, from its being leh in vSc, we are. not fo well rccoii- liled Ct>iC Chfbvahce, tib^'vinfc. s. Traffick, In whidli bwaef is extorted, as difcount. Chilblaim, tmirbUiie. s.* Sores made Byiroft. . CHii.b» tihild. s. Att infant, or very y«wig perioB ; one in the line of filiation, QppoCcd tathe patent s any ibing the pro- nies of foot. Chin, tfhin. s. The part of the face beneath the under Up* China, tflii'iKJ, or tflii'nd. s. China ware, porcelain, a fpecies of veiTeh made in China, dimly tranfparent. f^ What could induce us to fo irregular a pronunciation of this word is fcarccly to be conceived. One would be apt to fuppofe that the French firft imported this porcelain, and that when we porchafed it of them we called it by their pronuttciation of China (SbeaiJ s but beiBff unwillmg to drop the a, and defirotts of preferving the French found of i, we awkwardly tranfpofedthefe founds, and turned Cbima into Cbakue, This abfurd pronunciation feems only tolerable when we apply it to the porcelain of China, or the Oranges, which are improperly called China Oranges ; but even in thefe cafes it feems a pardonable ^edaiury to redace the word to its true fojEuid. Chin A -ORANGE, tfli^'ad-ftrlnje. s. The fweet orange. China-root, tfhi'na-r66t. s. A me- dicinal root hrougbt originidly from China. CHTircouGHy tihln'kM'. s. A violent and convnlfive cough. Chine, tlhine. s. The part of the back, in which the backbone is found; a piece of the back of aa animal. To Chine, tfhlne. v. a. To cut into chines. Chink, tflilnk. s. A fmall aperture longwife. To Chink, tOiliSk. ▼. a. To (hake fo at to make a firand. FAtc, ftr, fldl> fit ;--jn^, tndt ;--t>ine, pin ;— To Chink, tflihik. t, tx. To foun4 by firlking each other. Chivky, tlhink'^. a. Full of holes, gaping. Chi NTS, tfhints. s. Cloth of cotton made in India. . CHIo^PINE,tfh6pptoe^ s. (112), A high flioe foriherly worn by ladies. To Chip, tfliip. v. a. To cut into fmall pieces. Chi?« tihlp. s. A fmall piece taken off by a cutting inflniment. Chipping, tfliip'ping. s . A fragment cut off. CHiRAORiCAL,kI-rig'gr^-kU.a.(i20). (353)* Having the gout in the hand. CHiROGRAPHER,ki-r6g'gri-far. s. He that ezercifes writing. Chirograph 1ST, kir6g'gri-fift. i. Chirographer. Chirography, ki*rog'gr&*f^* s. Thp art of writing (518). Chiromancbr, klr'^-man-s^^r. s. One that foretells future events by infpeding the hand. CHiROMANCY,klr'r&-min-s& s. (353) (5I9>, The art of foretelling the tvenu of liJFe, by infpeding the hand. To Chirp, tih6rp. v. n. To make a cheerful noife, as birds. Chirp, tih^rp. t. 1 he voice ef binls or infeds. Chirp CR, tfli&-'p5r. s. (89}. One that chirps. Chiruroeon, kl-ri'ir^^to. &. ($5$"^' One that curea ailmentl, not by intenul medicines, but outward appUcadooa, n«w written Surgnni a fui^on. Chiruroery, kl-rdr-j^-rA. s. The art of curing by extenial applications, now written Smrgery, Chirurgical, ki-rdr'j£-kfll. Chirurgick, ki-rftr'jlk. (353). Belonging to furgery. Chisel, tlhlz'ziLs. (102) (99). An inf^nimem with which wood or ftone is pared away. To Chisel, tlhlz'zH. v^a. (102). To cut with a chifel. Chit, tlhlt. s. A child, ^ baby ; the (hoot of com from the end of the grain. To Chit, tlhlt. v. n. To fprout. Chitchat, tihk'tfliat* . s. Tratde^ idle pratf. CHiTTk-RLiNOs^tfhit'tdr-lhigz. &. The ftotsofan eataUe animal; the fiiU at ckfc Eofom af a flurt {SSSh } C HO 2 07 C H O -«- nd^ ni6ve» n^r, n&t ; — tube, ti^b, GHiTrr, tOiit't^. a. Childifti, like a Chjtalrous, tfhiv'ul-riis. a. Relating to chivalry, knightly, warlike. €>iivALHY, tftitv'il-r^. $. Knjglithood, a miliary dignity ; the qualifications of a knight, as valour ; the general fyilem of knighthood. Chivi s, tflilvz. s. The threads or fila- ments rifing In flowerf, with feed* at the end ; a fpecies of fnnall ooion. Chlokosis, kl6-r6'sls. s. (353)- The grccs Hckneis. To Choak, llh6ke. v. a. See Choke. CHocoi.ATi,t(h6k'W4te. s. (91), The nut of the cocoa-tree ; the mafs made by f^mding the kernel of the cocoa-nut, to be difTolved in hot water *, the liquor made by a folution of chocolate. CHOCOLATE-HOUSE,lfhuk'6.Ute-h6ufc. «• A hou/e For drinking chocolate. Chode, tOiodc. The old preterit from Chide. Obfoletc* Choice, t(h6ll*e. s. The a^ of choofing, clc6tiflo ; the power of chooibg ; care in choofing, curiodty of diiUndion ; the thing chofen; the bcft part of any thing ; feveral things propofed atobjedc of cledion. Choice, t(h6tfe. a. Seledl, of extraor- oiife. s. A mean houfe of entertainment. (pr Di. Johnfon, in this definition, feems to have rated a chop- houfe too low, and to have had a Cook^t Shop or an Eating- Houfe in his- mind. Since cuffee^houfcs are become eat- ing-houies and taverns, chop houfes are,, perhaps, a little depreciated ; but this was. not the cafe till long after Dr. Johnfon** Didionary waspubliftcd ; and 1 think they may ftill, without any impropriety , be callcdf Reputable boiifa of ready EntertMnttteiU* Chopin, tlho-pe^n'. s. (112). A French liquid meafure, containing nearly a pint of Winchefter ; a term ufcd in Scothindt Ua a quart of wine meafure. Chopping? tlh^p'ping. a. An epithet frequently applied to infants, by way of commendation ; meaning large or well grows. CwoppiNG-KNiFP, tfli6p'ping-nlfc. s» A knife ufed in chopping. Choppy, tihop'p^. a. Full of holes or cracks. Chops, tftiops. s. The month of a bead ; the mouth of any thing in familiar language. Choral, ko'ral. a. (353). Sung by a choir ; finging in a choir. .Chord, kord. s. The thing of a mjufi- C H R 26{J C H U C3^ (S59).— PAte, fir, fill, • cad inftrttnient ; a right Imc, which join» the two ends of any arch of a circle. To Chord, k^rd. v. a. {353).Tofur- niih with firings. Chordek, kOT d66'. s. A contradlion of the fhtnum. Chorion, k6'r*.6n. s. The outward membrane that enwraps the foetus. Chorister. kwlrVifti^r. s. (300). A finger in the cathedrals, a finging boy ;. a iujgcr in a concert (356 ^ Chor GRAPH FR. U) fig'gra-f iV. s. He that dcfcribcs particular regions of coun tries. Chor graphical, kur rA-grdfi-kal. a. Dcfcript!vc of particular regions. CHOROGRAPHiCALLY,k6r-r6-graPc-kiI- I^. ad. In a chorographical manner. Chorographv, kc-rog'gri-fi^. s. The art of (leH^ibing particular regions. Chorus, k6'ras. s (353). .\ number of fingers, a concert ; the perfons who are fuppofed to hehpld what pafics in the ads of tiie ancient tragedy ; the fong between the ads of tragedy ; verfcn of a firag in which the company join the finger. Chosu, tlhofe. The preier ten fe, from To choofe. Choseh. tfto'zn. (103). The partici- ple pafiive, from To choofe. Chough* tlKCif. $.(301) A bird which freqneots the rocks by the fii^a* To Chouse, tlhAiile. v. a. To cheat, to trick. ' Chouse, tl}i6fife. s. A bubble ; a tool ; 4 uick or fliam. Chrism, krizm. 8.(353). Unguent, or . undion. To Christen, kris'sn. v. a (472). To . baptize, to initiate into Chriflianity by wa- ter ; to name, to denominate. pHnicTENDOM, kris'sn-diim. s. The coUedive body of Chriftianity. Christening, kris'sn-inij. s. The ce- remony of the &T& initiation into Chriftia- Christian, krlll'yiin. s. (291). A pro- fcfibr of the religion of Chrift* Christian, krilt'yi^n. a. (113). Pro- fefling the religion of Chrift. Christian-name, krift'yiin-nAme. s. The name giveA at the font, diftinft fr»m the fur^ame. Christian I SM,lcrlft'yfln-lzm. 9. The OiriCbian religion ; the aation« profeifiag Chriftianity. Chjlistianitv, krif.tffiWa'i-t^» s, 'fhe rdigioB of ChrtlUant. fit ; — m^', rtih ; — pine, pin ;— ToChristianixe, krlft'yftn-ke* v. a To make Chriftian. Christianly, krlft'j-^n-I^. ad. Like a Chriftian. Christmas, krVmds. s. (88) (472)- The day on which the nativity of our bleff- ed Saviour is celebrated. Christmas-aox, kris'm^boks. s. A box in which little prefents are coUeded at Chriftmas. The money fo colleded. Chromatick, kr6-m&t'ik. a. Relating to colour ; relating to a certain fpedes ot ancient mufick. Chronical, kr6a^£-kdl.) t tfr^\ CHRONicK,kr6Ti1k, 5 a- V509J- Relating to time ; a chronical diftempcr i.'^ of long duration. Chronicle, kr6n'6-kl. s. ($S5)*- ^ regifter. or aQconnt of events in order o£ time ; a hillory (40.0- To Chronicle, krua'^Tcl. v. ^ C405V To record in chronicle, or history ; to regi^ ter, to record. Chronicilr, kr&n'^-klAr. s. (98). A writer of chronicles ; an hiftorian. Chronogram, kron'^-gx&m. s. Anin- fcription including the date of ^y adioo. CHRONOGRAMMATkCAL,kr6n-n6 gr^m- mit'^-kdl. a. BeloDging to a cltfo- nograra. Chronogrammatist, kron-D^-grim' *n4-tlfl. s. A writer of chrono- grams* • ■ • * ' CHRONOLOGBRt kr6-nM16]Ar. s. He that fttidics or explains the ilieiice of cocn- puting psdb time. Chronological, kr6n-n646dje'^4Eil. a. Relating to the dodriiie of time. Chronologically, kron-no-lSdjc'^- k^W^. ad. In a chronological man- ner, according to the etad ferics of time. CHRONOLOGisr, krinSl'i-jift. s. One that ftudics or explains time. Chroholocv, kr6-n<>r6-)fe. s. The fcience of cooipnting aod adjufting the pe- riods of time. Chronometer, kr&«n6in'xn^-t&r. s. An inftrvmcst for the ezaft meniuratioo of time. Chrysalis, krls's&Jls. s. (s^^)* Au- relia, or the firfl apparent chaii^ o£ the maggot of any fpecics of infe^ CHRriOLiTE, krls'si-litc, s. (iSSV A. precious ftonc of a dnlky green, with a caft of yellow. Chub, tOiib. s. A river filt. The cfaevio. C H U 369 C H Y — n6, mAve, n6r, not; — tube, lAb, btjll ; — 611; — p66nd : — tFin, this. Chubbed, tfhi'ib'bid. a. (99). Big beaded tike a chub. To Chuck, tiliuk. ▼. n. To make a ooife like a hen. To Chuck tihi^k. v. a. To call as a hen calls her young ; to give a gentle blow under the chin. Chuck, tfb'ik. s. TIic voiccof a hen ; a word of endearment. Chuck-far fhino, t(buk'ftr-THln^. s. A play, at which the money falls with a chnek into the hole beneach^ To Chuckle, tlhak'kl. v. n. (405). To laugh vchememly. To CHvjcKLE,i'.hiik'kl. V. a. To call as a hen; to cocker, to fondle. Chukt ttliio'it. *. (99 j. Forced meat. Obfolete. Chuff, tfhif. s. A b^unt clown. Chvffily, tlbi^ff^'l^. ad, Stomach- fuUy. Chuff/mess, tfh^rfd-nds. s, Clownifh ntf». CHUFfY.tfhfiffc. a. Surly, fat. Chum, tfh&m. s. A chamber fellow. Chum?, tlhimp. s. A thick heavy pitfceof wood. CiJURCH,tfhMfli.s. The collcftive bo- dy 0/ Chriftiaos ; the body of Chriftians adhering to one particular form of worfliip 5 the place which Chriftians confecrate Co the worihip of God. To Church, tfliiVtfii. v. a. Toper- form with any one the office of returning thanks after any iigiial deliverance, as child- birth. Church-ale, tfhflrtfh-ile'.s A wake, or feaft, con:mcmoratory" of the dedication of the church. Chvrch-attirr, tfh^rtfh-at-tlre'. s. The habit in which men officiate at divine fervicc* Churchman, tfliArtih'm^. s. (88). An ecdeiiaftic, a clergyman ; ao adherent tp the Cborch of Englajid. CHURCHWARDEM8,tihfirt(h-war'dnz. ». (zoj). Officers yearly chofen*, to look to the chordx, chnrcltyardB, and fac^ thiiigs as be- long to hocfa. Churchvahd, tflitirtfh'yird. s. The ginud adfoimng to the ^itfch, in which the dead are karied ; a cefnetry. Churl, t(h'iri. s. A ru^kk, a coun- trymap • a mtfe, furly , ill-bred man ; a mi- fer, a niggard. Churlish, tfti^rlifli. a. Rude^bnitaU harih; iel^, avp.rlcioTts. Churlishly, tfhib'Tilh.l^. ad. Rude- ly, brutally. Churlishness, ifhijrlifh-ncs. s. Bru- tality, ruggedncfs of manner. Churme, till linn s. A confufcd found, a noifc. Obfolete. Chi RN, t'ljurn. s The v. /Tel in which the butter is, by agitation, coagulated. To Churn tlliurn. v a. I o a imitate or fhalcc any thing by a violent morion ; to make butter by agitating the milk. Churrworm, tliii'ir'wurii. s. An in- fed that turns about nimbly, called alfo a fancricket. Chylaceous, kila'fhus, a. (186). Be- longing to chyle. Chylp, kile. s. (353). The white juice formed in the (lomach by digcftion of the aliment. Chylifaction. kil-K'-fak'ni m. s. The a^ or proccfs of making chyle in the body. Chylifactive kil k'-fAk'tiv. a. Hav- ing the power of making chyle. Chvlification. kil-^ fdr-kA'fhi'n. The ad of making chyle. C H Y L I F I c A I u R Y, kil-«i f(&-ki't6-r^ . adj . Making chyle- Chylous, ki'lils. a. (160). Confifting of chyle. Chymical* klm'6 kil. 7 ,-. , , CHVM.cK.k.m'm.k. S * ^''^^^y chymiftry ; relating to chymiftry. Chymically, kim'm6-ku.l-16. ad. In a chymical manner. Chymist, kim'mift. s. A profeiTor of chymiftry. ^ Scholars have lately difcovered,that all the nations of Europe, have, for many centuries paft, been erroneous in fpclling this word with a y inftead of an e ; that is Chymiji in« {lead of Cbemift: and if we crave their rca- fons, they very gravely tell us, that inftead of dcrivmg the word from xw/«»«, juice, or from x*». z»vuu, ©r "xy't to melt, it is more juftly derived from the Arabic kema^ black. But Dr. Johnfon, who very well underdood every thing that could be urged in favour of the new orthography, has very judiciouily continued the old ; and indeed, till we fee better reafons than have yet ap- peared, it fccms rather to favour of an af- fedation of Oriental learning, than a libe- ral defire to redify and improve our lan- guage. But let the word originate in the Haft or Weft, among the Greeks or Ara- bians, we certainly received it from our common Lingmadudisy (if the word will be pardoned me,) the JLatio and French, S C I D 270- CI P c3" (559)— ^^te, fir, f^> fat;— m^, m^t ;— pine, pin;— Hrhich ftill retain cither the ^, or its fubfti- tute i. Befidct, the alteration preduced a change in the pronunciation, which, from its being but flight, is ihc Ids likdy to be attended toj and therefore the probability i»,tbat, let us write the word as wc will, we fliall ft ill continue tO' pronounce the old way ; for in no EnglKh word throughout the language does rbe e found like ^, on* ihort, when the accent is on it. This improvement, therefore, in our fpelling, would, in all probability, add a new irregu- larity to our pronunciation, already incum- bered with too many. Warburton, in his Edition of Pope's Works, feems to have been the firft writer of note who adopted this mode of fpelling from Boerhaave, and the German critics ; and he feems to have been followed by all the inforiptions on the chymifts (hops in the kingdom. But till the voice of the people has more decidedly, declared itfelf, it is certainly themoft eligi- ble to follow Dr. Johnfon and our eftablifli- ' cd writers in the old orthography.^ — See Mr. Narcs*s Englifli Orthoepy, page 285, where the reader will fee judiciouJQycxpof- ed the folly of alterine fettled modes of fpelling for the fake of far-fetched and fan- ciful etymologies. Chymistry, klm'mif-tr^. s. The art or procefs by which the different fubftances found in mixt bodies are feparated from each other by means of fire. CiBARious,si-b4'r^-^s.a. (iii). Re- lating to food. Cicatrice, or Cicatrtx, sik'S-irls. s. (14X). The fear remaining after a wound; a mark, an impreiTure* CiCATRtsAWT, su-A-tri'z&nt. s. An iDplication chat induces a cicatrice. CiCATRisivE, slk-^-trlVlv. a. (158) (428). Having the qualities proper to in- duce a cicatrice. Cicatrization, slk-4-tr^-zd.'fhftn. s The a& of healing the wound ; the ftate of being healed, or Scinned over* To Cicatrize, sik'i-trizc. v. a. To apply fuch medicines to wounds, or ulcers, as &in them. Cicely, sis'l^. s. A fort of herb. To CicuRATB, sik'i-rdte. v. a. (91). To tame, to reclaim from wildnels (503)* CicuEATiOK, slk-ti-rA'fhiin. s.The aft of tanking or reclaiming from wildnefs. Cider, si'dAr. s. The juice 6f apples exprelfed and fermented* C1DER18T, sl'd^r-lft, s. (98). A mak- er of cider* CiDERRiN, sKd&r-k!n. s. Thcliquair made of the grofs matter of applet, after the- cider is prciTed out. Ciliary, siryA-r^. a* (113). Belong- ing to the eyelids. CiLicious, s^-liih'ds. a. (314}. Made of hair. CiMETBR, slm'^-tAr. s* (98), A fort of fword, Ihort and recurvated. Cincture, slnk'tlhtlirc. s. (461). Something worn round the body; anincio* furc ; a ring or lift at the top or bottom of the ihaft of a column* Cinder, slnMAr. s. (98). Amafs'of any thing burnt in the fire, but not reduc* ed to aihes *, a hot coal that has ceafed t» flame. Cinder-woman, sWdi!ir-wi^m-un. \ CiNDER-WBNCH, sln'diV-winfti. 5 A woman whofc trade is to rake in heapt. of aihes for cinders. CiNERATiON, sln-fi-ri'diftn. s. The re- du&ion of anything by fire or albes. CiNERiTious, sin-^-rifti'ils. a. Having the form or ftate of aflies* ClNKRULENT, S^-Il^'d-ltet. a. (l2l). Full of aihes. Cinglb, slng'gl. s. (405). A girth for a horfe. Cinnabar, sln'na-bir. s. (166). Ver- milion, a mineral confifting of mercory and fulphur. CiNNAM0N»sln'na-m4n s* (166). The fragrant bark of a low tree in the iflandof Ceylon. Cinque, sink. s. (415). A five- CiNQUE-FOiL, sink't6il. s. A kind of five -leaved clover. CiNQUK-PACE, slnk'pife. &. A kind of grave dance* Cinque-ports, sbk'p6rts. s. Thofc havens that lie towards France CiNcyjE-spoTTED, slnk'fp6t-tM. a* Having five fpois. CiON, si'ftn. s. (166). Afprout, a ftioot from a plant ; the ftoot engrafted oik aftock. Cipher, sl'fAr. s. (98). An arithme- ticaldiarader, by which fomc nmnbcr u noted, a figure; an arithmetical mark, which ftanding for nothing itfelf , incretfcs the va- lue of the other figures; an inteftexmrc of letters ; a chara Aer ta general ; a fecret or occult manner of writing, or the key to it. To Cipher, si'ftr. v. a. To praftife arithmetjck. To Cipher, si'fAr. v. a. To write or I occvlt charaders* C I R ^ K. ft:: ■ . A ClRCU^tAMUfKH^ fn beeut. Mtlt; To Ct»T L, nrur .: '>r1rf. T. a, To move , to hnound ; Ill ;;iu To C»4^Li, r ^^'LL^ , ii- To move cir- >). Having . A litde circle. 3»ti any ihtng ; tKc rdc I (pac«. Client* M of the juclgtt for n* To mo^e ^ . i£f^t-t€r« s. One that C ku-UV£kn.». The aa ^» ' . L^Mupaft, maze (8S)(4i8). vTilied by si t'lr- Ci T, $^Vf-Mr.lA nd. In r^ular m^ltiflt^ lot], ;ri|p. To Ct ^ *e/ku liltc r. a. To ekau'* V * *. a. Be- st i)' To Ciit* uadAMDULATT,, fdr-' itm'M.mtc. V. n, (9ijv To ■ .. round 4)bout» To CiRC4/n4CJii| iir'lftm'iljfc v. a* To CM the prqTiicc, Accurdtti^ to the li« gkreii tn the Jcwu CtJtCOMCisiOx, sr , «. Th£ du ot ikd gI cv. ikirt. To Ciricu !vinu€ r, •^ij kum-diikt . v* a. CiACUMlffci ENCI:, ,C* 4. The periphery, the I i!fur- rnundifi^ itny thiiig ; th« ipj*.., tiuiolVd in j cirdc I the ettcnul p3it of ui orbiLLUi htdf ; at! tirb» 21 dtch. CrRcwirtFEHfiNTiift^^fr-kAni-lc-irdn'tiuf. !^. (16$). An iiiUntmrnc uSed iii Cutcvci-ing, f(*r me«ruri(ij: ♦in!;^^'^** ttni \ikd I CI rir . fm ♦ and tnaiff Itl liim cpnfult a wit ' liihcd by ih< Autiiof of thh Di ■ Jed A HimUrimt Cr^narf;irtihc ihitdi^iiiU'jU ; or, ^ K^fy in lift Chtjkitl Frittiuft*iitUon */ GffiJ jjhu/ /.^fJ^ FrapFT Nitmrt^ An mdorurc of witcr** CmctiJvirn^FKT, s4r*k6m'flfi^'^nt< a. flowing round any tMne- CiRiLuwtFt.uotrs, s^T'lc^ra'fl'*i-us* a. Edv ironing with watCTs. CiJicuMFORAKhouii, s^r-kftm-fd-rdW* tis- :u (3i4)/Waf\d,-ringfiromhoarp t(i houfc* To CiiicvMf ysBf s^r-kdm-fiV/e'. v. «. To pour tmnd^ e I R 272 C 1 s ^ (559).— Fitc, fir, fill, CiRCUMFusiLB, s^r-k'm-fj'sil. a. (427 '. That which may be poured round any thing. CiRCUMFusioN, s<5r-ki'im-fu'zh*'in. s. The i€t of fprcading round. To CiRCUMGiRATR, s^r-ki'm'j^-rAtc. .V. n. To roll round. CiKCUMGiRATioN.siir kAm-ji-ri'flii\n. s« The ad of running round. CiRCUMjAciNi, s^r-kuni-ji'sSnt. a. Lying round any thing. CiRCUMiTioN, s^r-kiim-i{h'lj[n. s. The i6t of going round. CiRCUMLiGATioN, s^r-kiSm-U-g^'- lhi"ln. s The aa of binding round ; the bond with which any thing u encom ^pafTed. Circumlocution, s^r.ktoi-16 VA!- fh n. s; A circuit or compafs of words, periphraiis ; the life of indircA cx- preffions. CiRCUMMURED, s^r-kim-inird . a Walied round ,359 • ... ^ ,. gk'hl a. That which may be faikd To Circumnavigate, »^r.ki\ni-n4v'^- gite. V. a To fail round. Circumnavigation, sdr kum-nlvV: g^'lliftn. s. Theadt of failing round. CiRCUMPLicAT^'N, s^/ -kiim-pie-ki'- ihfln ^ The aft of enwrapping on every fide ; the ftatc of bcteg enwrapped. CiRcuMPOLAH, sfcj k'lm-pollr. a (418), Round the pole. ^ CiRCUMP 5iri.N sCr ki'im-p6 zifb'Qn. ». The aA of placing any thing circularly. CiRCUMBA^iON, ser-k\in-r«i'zhiin. s. The aa of fbasring or paring round. Cjrcu liirROTAT ION, b^r kuni.r6.ti'- (Miti s The aa of v^iirling round liie awheel/* To Circumscribe, s^r-kim-ikiibe', V. a. To enclofe in certain lines or bounda* rie»| to bound) to limit, to confine. CiRCUMSCRiPTi N, ser kfim-fkrip'. fti:^in. fi. Deterraination of pMrticular form or magnitude ; limitation, confinement. CiRCUMSi RiPTiv^.ser-iim-ikrip'ilve a- Enclofing the fnpcrficics. Circumspect, ser'- I'lm-lp^kt. a. Cau- iiouAt attentive, watchful. CiRCUMSpiCTiov, ser-kAm-fp^k'/ht5n 8. Watchfuloefs on every fide, caution, general attention. Circumspective, s^r kflm-fjpdk'tiv. R. Atteotrve, vigilant, cautious. fit ;•— m^, mix ;— pine, pin ;-^ CiRcuM8PECTivfcLY,s6r kftro-fptt-'dv. 16. ad Cautioufly, vigilantly. CiRcuMSPECTi-Y,s5r'ki'lm-fp4kt4*.ad. Watchfully, vi^tantly. Ci R c u M s p E c T N E s s ,sir 'k Arti-l^jfekt-nds . 8. Caution, vigilance. Circumstance^ s^rTcfim-ftanre. s. Something appendant or rdativcto a fad; accident, fofnething adventitious ; incident, event ; condition » ftatc of aifairg. To Circumstance sdrkiim ftsln/e. v. a. To place in particular fituatioo, or rela- tion to the things. Circumstant, sdr'kAm-ll«nt. a. Sur- rounding. Circumstantial, s^r-kftw-ftan'lhal. a. Accidental, not clTcntial ; incidental, cafual ; full of froall events, detailed, minute. Circumstantiality, s^r ki3fm-ftun- fti^-ul'^-t^. s. The flatc of any thing as modified by its feveral circumftances. Circumjtantiallv, s^r-kijin-ftln'* fhal 16, ad. According to circuin- ftances,not e^pntialiy ; minutely, cxaAly. To Circumstantiate, s6r.k5m-ftln' M'kit. V. a. (91). To place in par- ticular circumlkances ; to place in a partxcn- ' br condition. ToCiRCUMVALLATE»sdr-kfini'VaJ14te. V. a. (91). To encloie round with trendies or fortifications. CiRCUMVALLATioN, s6r-ki\ni vdl-li'- (hv'in 8 The art or aft of cafting up foitificatioM round a phce ; the fortific^iUon thrown up round a place befieged. CiRCUMVECTiON, serkfim-vek'fli^n.s. The aft of carrying round ; the ftatc ol be- ing carried round. To CiRcuMVPNT, s£t k&m-v^nt'. v. a. To deceive, to cheat. ^ CiRCuMVENrioK, sdr-killm-vdn'lhi(in.s. Fraud, inipoflurc, cheat, deluCon. ro (JiRcuMVPST. sSr-kAm-v&ft'. v. a. To cover round with a garment ; to fur- round. CiRcuMvoLATios,5^r.k«'jm-y&-U'flxfin. s. The ad of flying round. Circumvolve, s^r-kilin-v61v'. v. a. To roll round. Circumvolution, . s^^r-kflm-vA-W- fti^n. s. The aft of rolling round; the thing rolled round another' CIRC03, sir'kas. Is. (41s). An open ^pace or irea for fpons. Cist, sift. s. A cafe, a tegQ»enE> commonly the e&ciofure of a tsmour. c j.iji4^>ita ill* < fiain fi U— P' . riii«« '^\ M ^'u;!!^^.*!!^ «)r n City t f Tt^hmcnt i Turn* i nmon tD i c*ll upon . ■ . * r , A ctif womnTi. . (i;S) A kind * (roj). A free- *- ^lurr, clear, «T)rf ■' A lirge ^^ rcit dlccm* KtI,! n-\vi'|t^l'. S, Wm riL rind nfdtr*Tn$* ClTH L S* A pumpioii* CfTT, A T --- -■ 'leaf-mof torpf*ratc» -lit! o4 a dty. C g to ihe city* .. \yy,. A perfume a KdJtUDg to civrl n '. Rclatin;j: '- ~' ■mm- CKi Wr^v . , ,. lu 4v ( I ij). One , , .^ ., .. , - c,./l|i m, i, llic Half r«r Wf>^cirilti(-%lt Uif urt nf avi- ToCivaiji, slv'il t/c V a. To re- daitn frflm favi f p^f* and bnt£a)iry, ClTUTZ^B r f He thtii rccUJmi «i(Ih: , v M uad farvgir life, C»v»Liv, jiiv'ti 1^ .id In J manner ^203\ 1*f> m til, pofTclUfm Tliat Cbckof amiiUa h corn li required lu be ptit ut. To(^rA€K« Ulii *r, n To maStc a chinking: noiu ; co frt the ton^e run* Cla!5, U'd putt^ prct. iiOJTi Clnthe. Ct(*tJicJ» in vt: fled J iforhcd. (komflil ill fiKlu, to ttq\r Claim, lUoic* «* A iTiing: ai due ; i title t*> .ir IrlTicjti in iht. lufiJ* ijf .. demand of mf f libg ib^t ^ t)f aitoLhtr. wlikb m^y be dcmiindtd d» due* Claimant, klS'mAiit s. He tlitit pie- man d* my thing a» unjiOly dcubcd hy BtJmlicr* Ci.AiaikR, tcU'muf, i. 49^)* He that miiket u dcn\3od* To Clamui'.iu ktli^'bi^r. cUmb *vith iliffirultf. To Clamm, kilni. r. n Mvlth any gtutinriwi miinfj* ^ Thi^ word irtijrht to bi* writtcti with finale jw , byth friiin It* lE - -- V -^ '^ i*ti 4 rule rb at Ic cm 1 tt> h 1 vc • < j:^igp^ finfii^l^i th^t motiuij ' **irh 3 cnJifotJ^int donot dftubk any ,,t the ^ud, cjtccpty; y, »Md i. 1 i. vc litiH, and the tctb ti> Mmmmt Jccm tbc otdf coiityi vlkklity. Clammy, kUm'in^v a, Vlkouu glu- CLAMiTfcouii, lt]4m'mar-fis. a, Voci- ftrou^ no*fy f J5J)» CtAMOUK, kiJni nn'tnt* (41^}^ Out- 07, ooife, c%y cla]>ping the hands, to appkud ; to infe A with a Tcnereal poifon ; To clap up, to com- l^ete fttddcnly. To Clap, klip. v. n. To move nim- bly, with a noife ; to enter with alacrity and briiknefs upon any think ; to ftrike the hands together in appiaufc* Clap, klip. s. A load noife made by fudden coUxfion ; a fudden or unezpeded ad cr motion ; an ezplofion of thunder ; an ad of applanfe ; a venereal infedion; the ne- ther part of the beak of a hawk. Clapper, klip'p^r. s. (98). One who claps with his hands ; the tongue of a bell. To Clapperclaw, klip'pdr-kliw. ▼. a. To tongue-beat, to fcold. A low word. Clarenceux, orCLAft£Ncisux,klir'- £n-(h&. s. The fecond king at arms : fo named from the dutchy of Clarence. Clare*obscure, kU^e^b-fkll^e^ s. light and ihade in painting* Claret, klir'<&t. s. French wine. Claricord, klir^d-k^rd. s. A mufi- cal inftrument in form of a fpinet. Clarification, klir-d ft-ki'Mn. s. The ad of making any thing dear from impurities. ToCvARiFY, klir'tfl. v. a to purify or clear; to brighten, to Illumi- nate. Clarion, klire'yftn. s. {113) (534)^ A trumpet. Clarity, klir^d-td. s. (5U>. Bright- nefs, fplendour. Clary, kl4'r^. s. An herb. To Clash, kliQi. v. n. ^To make a noife by mutual collifion ; to ad with op« pofite power, or contrary diredion ; to con* tradid, oppofe. To Clash, klifh. v. a. To ftrike one thmg agaxnft another. Clas h, klaili. s . A noify colllGon of two bodies ; oppofition, contradidion. Clasp, klafp. s. A hook toholdany thing dofc ; an embrace. To Clasp, klifp. v a. To (hut with a clafp ; to catch hold by twining ; to indole between the hands; to embrace ; to indofe. Claspp.r. klas'pijr. s. The tendrils or threads of creeping plants. ^, • Clasp knife, klifp'nife. 8. A kntfe which folds into the handle. Class, klis. s. A rank or «rder of perfons; a number of boys learning the fame leflbn ; a fet of beingtor things. To Class, klis. y a. To range ac- cording to fome ftated method of alftribu- ticm. Classical, klis's^-kil. Classick, klis'slk. kil.l of the a. Relating, firft order or An author of s. Order, fort. to antique authors; rank. Classick, klis'slk. the firft rank. Classis, klis'sls. body. To Clatter, klit'tir. t. n. To make a noife by knocking two fooorous bodies frequently together ; to utter a noife by being ftiuck together ; to talk faft and idly. To Clatter, klit'tiV.v. a. To ftrike any thing fo as to tnake it found ; to dxfpote, jar, or clamour. Clatter^ klit'tAr. s. A rattling noife made by frequent colli£ioa of fonoroos bodies ; any tumultuous and coofufedooife. Clavatbd, kliv'i-tdd. a. Knobbed. Clavdent, klaw'ddnt. a. Shotting, indofiflg. To Claudicatb, kl&w'd^kite. ▼. n. To halt. Claudication, kliw-d^-ki'fliAn. s. I The habit of halting. Clave, klive. The preterit of Cleaye. Ctl «*lli,m^vct fi^r, nil; tAbe, tfib, Wll i^H ;^pd4od i-^ttn, Tliti. Ci U&w'trM. a. Uclatlng *• ^ L *^ foot of a l»eaii ^T ^ a>it«; A hand* in ^To €law» V\Vw. t. a. To tear wiih tfStU or * " ^ • .^-^ ~ *' -rdi ingtftierah Tocl» ^^Ci. • ^ ' , ..^ ... --«™. -* A flatterer, ^BCl.i '^ ^ ' Tfj)^ Fumlfhed ^PCla,, r,.^. ,. ^.„.,».ous and tctiacl- ■ To Ci.4Y, kU* V, a. To cover vnth ■ Ct.* v.rr„ „ it^Tr^li a. Cold ^ the " C* -jius, A pit vrhere Cu^, Ji* 1. ConGfllisg of^by* Ct.4riiAiit, kfi^mM. s« A chalky HA?!, y^oe^ a. (Ji")* Free from ■ .-,.u T. a* To fiec horn lUn'i^M, ad. (3J4)* To u:,, viirr. Ct f . , . . Kii>fi'W-o*4. »• Free Cli ^mls, IIX.T1I4 a. (134)* Frc<: # i'Tt^n-k pare ill Uie peffoti; that PK r, Ci. c. Tn ?)* To iffi fuilt ; 1 ^ ' ^ ^ou» humavri I to free b^pev C KiLn'fviV. i, (9M). That C, . - - ' — ■■ »'-v^^- pd- cioc tree iram pnikcittiotti or tmputei) gmlt, IfuiltJrS ; Jrtrc itxjtn dcdu^mtttt tar iacum- br^iicr^ -. out of debt ; utiinnuglccj i ml a it)g diftiiiiflJy. Cliiar, klttc, ad* Clean, qtikti com- ptetdf. To CLifAii) kl^c, V* a* To utukc bright, to brigluen ; to fiti: from obfcmrity ; to purge from tlic impiiL.^rioii of guik, t^ juOify J to dcinfc ; to '- ^ * - Tj^ove any ill L umbra nee * to Mn^ ofTcnfiVL* i til cUrify, ;-i _ -_.. .. ^_-x- , ta giiu withtut dcUudioti. ToCLhAK, kUrc, V. n. To grow bfight* to recover tranfparenqf \ to be dlf- eugfigtid from mcumbrancc^ m ei)i4ngle- tnttfu. CLVAitAitcE, kl^'rinfe. s, A ceitiE* cate tli2t 1 (tiijp lia« bccti dritrtd ai tlieeu- ftom^houft* CLEAttEK, ktcrc'ftr* &. Bnghiener, puri£tr, cnUgbtncr* Clicarlv^ kii^rc'16. ad, T iu* iiimoully; pUmlj, evidefiti) cru- i|i«m,acutf1y I without cntaii^LmE:ijt ; wtth^ otit d<:dui5tiimi!r co!i| wttiuiiit f^rYf, with- out fubterfugc* CtT.AfLHi^s, kl^rc*o^4. i* Tmnfpa- rcticy^ brightiie£i ; fjilcodour* kilre | dif- tKuSocfi, p^rfpiaiity. Clearsighted, kl^rC'si't^d* a. Dtt cerEUDgf judicictus. To CLtAKsTARCK, kl&re^il4rt!h* v,a. To ftiffcn with ftarck* Clearstarch lit, kMre'ftirtih4r. 5. Doe w|i«i WiLflif » ^tie litien* To Cleave, kj^ve- v. lu {227). To adbc!re,tn O-icki to hold to; to unkt aptl|r, Ig fit ', to imitc in concord ; to be coQ<:oiniC' ToCt-EAVKt WiJve. V* a. To divide with violence, to fpUt ; to divide* To Cllaife, kl^vc. V. n. To pait af under ^ cu CufFer diviliOEi* CtEAV£R» kl^^Vtes. {98). Abuteher'B inflrumeiit to cut ariitn^ti uito jointi. Cli^f, klLL s. A miitk at the beginning of the iindi of a fong, whkh ihewithc ton^t trkey in whith ih? pice; ii t«b The fame with Climate. Climax, kli'maks. s. Gradation, afcent, a figure in rhctorick, by which the fentence rifcs gradually. To Climb, klime. v. n. To afccttd to any place. To Climb, klime. v. a. To afcend. Climber, kli'miir. s. Ontf tiiAtmounts or fcales any place, a mounter, a rifer ; a pUnt that creep* upon other fupports ; the name of a particular herb. Clime, klime. fi. Climate, region ; tratft of earth. To Clinch kllntti. v. a. To hold in hand with the fingers bent ; to contrad or double the fingers ; to bend the point of a nail in the other fide ; to confirm, to fix, as To clinch an argument. Clinch, kllnlh. s. A pun, an ambi- guity. f. Clincher, kllnfti'fir. s. (98). A cramp, a holdfaft. To Cling, kllng. v. n. To hanj» npon by twining round ; to 4ry up, to confumc. Clingy, kUng'4. a. Clinging, adhe- five. Climical, krin'^-k&l ? ^ K^.ping Uic CuNicK, klin'ik. > bed through ficknefe. ToClisk, klingk. v. n. (405). ^o utter a (inall interrupted noife. CLiNK,kl.ngk. 5.(405). Afliarpfuc- ccflive noife. . CLiNQi7Ai.T, kUngk'ant. a. Shmmg, glittering. ,1 To Clip, klip. ▼. a. To embrace, hy throwing the arms round; to cut with ihcan ; it is particuUrly \ifcd of tliofe who t fcholar, a man of letters ; a man employed under another as a writer ; a petty writer in public offices ; the layman who reads the refponfcs to the congregation in the church, to dired the reft. Clerkship, klark'fliip. s. Scholarfhip; the offce of a dcrk of any kind. Clkver, kl^vCir.a. (9ii). Dexterous, ikilfttl ; juft, fit, proper, commodious ; well- fiiiaped, handfome. Cleverly, U6v'Ar-16.ad, Dextcroufly, fitly, handfomely. CLEvBRNEss,kl^:v'Tir.n^s. s. Dexterity, Clew, klCi. s. Thread wound upon a bottom ; a guide, a dircaion. To Clew, klu. ▼. a. To cleu- the fails, is to raife them in order to be furled. To Click, klik. v. n. To make a fliarp, fucceflivc noifc. Client, kli'^nt. s. One who applies to an advocate for counfcl and defence ; a dependant. . « t j CLifeNTF.D,kU'^n-tW. part. a.Supplied with clients. Clientele, kli-en-t^le'.s.Thc condi- tion or office of a client. Clientship, kli'^nt-lhip. s. The con- ditiou of a client. Cliff, kllf. s. A fteep rock, a rock. Clift, Hift. s. The faaic with Qiff. F^A, m^Tc* n^, aAt;— tibc, tAb, b^,U ;— 611 ;— p6^il ^ Cl h refill ; tr> ^ItrUil, In cut ^m, "; to Md - '^nc tiKit drba* ^4j[i jj"^]t3,> ^' The ptut mit *^ivc outer gai'nietit ; ■ oon< To CtuA k^ kI6kt:, v.*. To cover witli t icd f . Anar- ,L,cck>cki. ^k* s. Move- lJiki*s. -' ' or cby; U(iW, »l I lull. To gather uito _, — _, .. i To pdt with . 1. ziiu i.fi*.! iili" [ C* . .^J. a* Doltish, 1 : C**"-.---* ^,^. p.lc.s* Aihicksculh T" Ci oo, W>^ * ^* Tr> I.. ..1 nit! J ^hbip tliAt . lo r. Irt otiii , i It'll. cc hung e, an ti|j- >iiiii,l shoe w«rii ij fruiji we I ; ii u'Uits.s, Thc&uti -1, ICi T^S n, (283). That T^ :. V- ft. Tti n iii.9t KiiNS (dStl'Pfll^i. Soli* . iniTi, i;(i ijinit iric- MlV Ttllf. un ' ' - ' iH«i» li«t£KwkHp«- CLot . i . i'tr^- II, A Bua. f. LOMm L L. of To rtiml). I'tj CtooM. f i ^fTti V, a. To ^liuf, with ¥itcoi« mutter. ToC ■ tiirt * To C'lohEv klAzc. V. n* To rrir-^-*- ■ - »i^ j join ii» own parti tojfHhtr ( I tMi^ to ugTvr t»prm i Tij tloM' \. , close hi vritlu to c^me to tfi Agrccmrn witli^ lo unite with. C LtimK, kliVsc. 3- A stTi;] i CLuSK^kli^£e. s. ThtMii up J SI grjjpyilc \n vtTvuXimg i i^ pwi*c < i:c3i!nlioii ; a viir»cln»k.»n or ctnL CtoaK, M^K. a. (dar) (409). Shu fast ; without vtnt, m ithnnt liiliii ; cunfin^ withimt ahv in ' f*f unr p or «parc ; joined Oil .: illcy ; U' ' ^iraeercejt ti-naty ; c U>utl y * \v i ti I n ut w . ^ , hill to tlic |K>ml, home ; reiirt'di scilitMr)^ i se rinded fhJm conirnunicution j dnrk, dotidy, not rlcar. CrosiEBODtt^D, kl(^!;c-hAd'?fL a. (99), M*dc to f»t the- biji ! Closeuandko, kli .^4 n* Cc vcimj« J more c^jmnioiily i^i^oiRrit t fc| Closicly, klAst'l^. ad. \V ithout jnlctc otitkl ; wilUdtit mnrh sjmrr inti^nctiing mmtly \ stcrctly, ulUy j wlilioutdcvijition C LOftki N V, ii^, kliV&c'n4:s. s# 11 le bt^tte of inking diiit ! ni*nw>vvn«-«tt, ntrahncsB t wjint of air, nv vi^ntd&tion , compsictncitii^ Ni»li* dily ; irecluAeutsSpSohiudc, retirryricnti BccrKcy, privicy ; rtivt'tonsncss, siy tm picc J comiexion, dcptodance. Ctosfcii, kWx.ur^ a. A finbhcr, a cc cludcr- r s . o !i L s T o t J L, kl 6sc 'm66K » . A cha bcT imptemcr.t i;Lost:TT klA^'iL s. {99)< A small n^om^ of privacy tind rciir*? mem t a privAtc n-^ IHjiiilor\ of curloshk*- fo Closet, khjK'^tU Vi a» To ihtittTp« or cnnceid in a clrtari ; lo lak^ Imo m cId* set fijr m secret interview- *"j.'tHUBi ttr- «- (452), The flit -•'' ■; tljMt by wTih-h any (!u i ►>! ^hu\ I The pits inclos' ill- . tom-Iiision, end. C L O 278 C L O it?* (559).— Fite, far, f4ll, fdt;— mfi, mdtj-^b^ pln;~ To Clot, kl6t v. n. To form clots, to hang together ; to concrete, to coagulate. Cloth, kldrA. s. (467). Any thing woven for dress or covering ; the piece of linen spread upon a table ; the canvass on which pictures are delineated ; in tiie •plural, dress, habit, garment, vesture. Pronounced Kloze. To Clothe, kl6THe. v. a. (467). To invest with garments, to cover with clress ; to adorn with dress ; to furnish ^ or provide with clothes. Clothes, kl6ze. s. Gann k6le'blik. a* Black in the highest degree. Coal-mine, koleWne* s. A mine in which coals are dug. Coal-pit, kAle'pit. s. A pit for dig- ging^ coals. CoAL^TONE, kile'stAne^ s., A sort of cannel coal. CoAL-woRK, k&leVJkrk. s* Acoalerj, a place where coals are found. CoALERT, kil^r-^. s. A place where coals are dug. To Coalesce, k6-i-l^s'« v. n. To unite in masses ; to grow together, to join. CoAL&scENCB, kopi4^s^S^nse. s. Con- cretion, union. CoALiTioiT, k6«'d-lish'!!^n* s. Union in one mass or body. Coaly, k6'i^9 a. Containing coal. Coaptation, k6-ip-td'sh(in. s. The adjustment of parts to each other. To CoABCT, k6-irkt'« y. a- To strait- en, to confine j to contract power. Coarctation, k6-lTk-t&'8hAn.s. Con- finement, restraint to a narrow space; con- traction of any spape j restraint of liberty. Coarse, k&rse. a« Not refined; rude, uncivil ; gross ; inelegant ; luiaccomplish- ed by education ; jnean, vile. Coarsely, kirse'ld.ad. Without fine- ness, meanly, not eleg^antly } rudely, not civilly; ineleg^^mtly. Coarseness, k6|*se'n^8« s. Impurity* unrefined state i roughness, want of fine- ness ; grossness, want of delicacy ; rude- ness of mourners; meanness, wiint of nicety. Coast, k6ste. s. The edge or margin of the land ne^ the sea, the sliore ; The coast is clear, the danger is over. To Coasj, k6ste« t. n, To sail by the coa5?t. To Coast, k^ste. v. ^, To sail by, or near a place. Coaster, k6s'tiir. &• He that sails ti- morouslv near the shore. Coat, kotc. s« The uppep garment ; petticoat, the habit of a boy in his infan- cy, the lower part of a woman^s dress ; vesture, as demonstrative of the office ; the covering of any aninud{ any tegu- ment I that on which the ensigns armo* rial at« portrayed. To Coat, k6te. v. a. To cover, to ip- v«st To CoAX^k6k8. V. a« To wheedle, to ' flatter. CoAXER, k^ks'£^r« s. A wfaeedier^ a flatterer. Cob, k6b. s. The head of a top. Cob, k6b. s. A sort off sea-fowl: Cobalt, kob'<. s. A marcasite plen- tifully impregnated with arsemck. To Cobble, k6b'bl. v.>a. (405). To mend any thing coarsely ; to do or make any thing clumsily. Cobbler, k&bl^r. s. (98). A mender of old shoes ; a clumsy workman in ge- neral ; any mean person. C.obirons, k6b'i-imz. s. Irons vith a knob at the upper end. Cobishop, k6-blsh'Ap. s. A coadjutant bishop. Cobnut, k6b'ni5t. s. A boy's game. Cobswak, k6b'sw6n. s. The head or leading swan. Cobweb, kib'wtb. s. The web or n<^ of a spider; any snare or trap. CocciFBRous, k^k-sif'f^r-riis. a- Plants are so called that have bemes. CociiiKEAL, kCltch'in-e^l. s. (165). An insect fixim which a red colour is ex- tracted. CocHLEAHY, k6k'lM-re. a. (355). Screwfbrm. CocHL^ATED, k6k'l^^A-t£d. a. Of a screwed or turbinated form. CocK, kok. s. The male to the hSi; the male of any small birds ; the weather- cock tliat shows the direction ofthe vnnd i a spout to let out wateror any other liquor at wiU ; the notch of an arrow ; the part ofthe loek of » gun that strikes with flint ; a cockboat, a small boat ; a small heap of hay ; the form of a hat; the style of a dial ; the needle of a balance ; Cock-a- ^ >oop, triumphant, exulting. To Cock, kok. y. a. To set erect, to hold bojt upright » to set \q> the hat with an air of petulance ; to mould the form of the hat ; to fix the cock of a gun for a. discharge ; to raise hay in small heaps. To Cock, k6k, v. n. To strut, to hold up th^ head; to tr^ or use flghtlng* cocks. Cockade^ k6k-k4de^ s/ A ribband worn in the hat. Cockatrice, k6k'4-trise. s. (H3). A. serpent supposed to fise from a cockfs Cockboat, k&k'b^te4 s. A small boat. belonging to a ship. CocKBRoTHjkok^rirA.s. Broth madtr bv boiling a cock. coc 2B1 COD C0CKCROWIXO9 k6kfkr6-lng. a. The time at which cocks crow. To CocK&B, k6k'kik. v. a. To fon- dle, to indulge. CocKBRt kdk^k^r. s. (98). One who follows the sport of cockfightui^. Cf>CKER£L, k6k'k6r4i, s. (555). A yoon^ cock. CocKET, kokltk. s, (99). A seal be- kinging'to the king's custom-house ; like- wise a scroll of parchment delivered by the ofBcers of the custom-house to mer- chants as a warrant tliat tlieii* merchan- dize is entered. CocKTiGHT, k&kTite. s. A match of cocks. Co c K H OB SE, kftk'h^rse. a. On horse- back, triumphant Coc&LE, kokiLL s. (405). A small .abeJJ-&h. Co€KZ.£STAiR5, k6k^l-stire8. 8. Winding*, or spiral stairs. Coc KLK, kok'kl. 8. A weed that grows in corn, com-rose. To CocBLB, kok^. V. a. To contract into wrinkles. Cockled, kok'kW. a. (359). Shelled, or turbinated. Cockloft, koklofL s. The room orer the garret. CocKMASTEB, k6k'mas-t^r. 8. One that breeds g^ame cocks. CoGKMATCH, k6k^matsh. s. Cock- fight for a prize. CocKXBT,k6k'n^. s. (270). A native of London ; any effeminate, low citizen. Cockpit, kok'plt. s. The area where eocks fight ; a place on the lower deck of « man of war. CocK's-coxB, k6ks'k6me. s. A plant, loose wort. Coc rVrbad, k6ks^b^d. s. A plant, sainfoin. CocKSPVE, k&k'spdr. s. Virginian hawthorn. A species of medlar. CocKscRK, kSk-fthddr'. a. Confident- ly certain. CocKSWAiK, k6k^sn. s. The officer that has the command of the cockboat Comiptly C^Aya.— See Boatswain. CocBWEED, k6kV6W. s. A plant, (UUander or pcpperwort. Cocoa, k6^k6. s. A specie of palm- tree. CocTii.a,k6k'tU. a. (140). Made by baking. Coc Tion, k6Vshto. «, The act of lx)Ding. s. A sea fish. b^l ; — 6il ; — p6imd ; — thin^ this. Cod, kod. > Codfish, k6d'flsh. 3 Cod, kod, s. Any case or husk in whicli seeds arc lodged. To Cod, kod. v. a. ToinckMeinacod. Code, k6de. s. A book; a book of the civil law. Codicil, kod'c-sil. s. An appendage to a will. Codille, kA-dll'. s. A term at om- bre and quadrille. To Codle, kud'dl. v. a. (405). To parboil. G^ How Dr. Johnson could be guilty of so groBH an o\ersip;^lit bm to spell this woiti and its compounds with one d is incon- ceivable. By the general rule of English pronunciation, as the word stands here. It ought to be pronounced with the o long, tlie first syllable rhyming with go^ no, aiia to. False and absurd, however, as this spelling is, the veneration I liave for Dr. Johnson's authority forbids me to alter it in this Dictionary, though I shall never follow it in practice. Perhaps the same veneration induced Mr. Sheridan to let this word stand as he found it in John.son. Dr. Kcnrick has ventured to insert ano- ther d in the verb ; but in the substantive, derived irom the present participle Cod- lihgf lets it stand with one d. Some will be apt to think that when a ends a sylla- ble, and a consonant follows the dy wliich. begins another, that the business is done, and that the quantity of the vowel is suf- ficiently secui*ed : but this is a mistake ; for unless we previously understand the simple, tlie 0 in the compound, by the general rule, must be long. Now the first principle of orthography is, that, if pos.sl. Die, the letters should of themselves point out the sound of the word, without the necessity of recurring to etymology to find out tlie soimd of the letters ; and that wc should never liave recourse to etymology, but where fixing the sound would unset- tle the sense. Thus Coddlingy a kind of apple, ought to be wTitten with double d, both because it determines the sound of the 0, and shows its derivation ftx)m thft verb to Coddle. And Codling, a small cod fish, ought to have but one -See Efface. Coemption, kA-^m'shiin. s. (412). The act of buying up the whole quantity of any thing. Coequal, k6-d'qu&l. a. Equal. CoEquALiTY, kA-^-qu&l'^-t^. s. The state of being equal. ToCoEiiCE,k64i'8e'.v,a. To restrain, to keep in order by force. Coercible, k6-^r'd^bl. a. That may be restrained ; thatougbttobe restruned. Coercion, k6-^r'sh^n. s. Penal re- straint, check. Coercive, kA-fir'siv. a. That which has the power of laying restraint ; that which has the autliDrity of restraining by punishment. CoESSENTiAL, kA-^s-sdn'shul. a. Par- ticipating of the same essence. COESSEKTIALITY, kA-&S-sin-Bh6*&l'6- t£. 8. Participation of the same es- sense. CoETANEous, kA-^-td'ni-ds, a, Of the same ag^ with another. CoETERNAL, kA-fi-tfir'nil. a. Equally eternal with anbther. CoETERK ALLY, k6-^-t^r'nal-l^. ad. In a state of equal eternity with another. CoETERNiTY, kA-^-tdr'n^-tA. s. Hav- ing existence from eternity equal with another eternal being. Coeval, k6-^'ydl. a. Of the same age. CoE V A L, k6-^'v4l . §. A contemporary. CoEvousjkA-^'vfta.^. Ofthesamcage. To Coexist, k&^-zlst'. v. n, (4rB). At the same time with another. Coexistence, k&-^g-zls't£iii6« 8. Ex- istence at the same tim« with aaothex. CoEX 1ST ENT, k6-^g-'zi8'te&t.a* Having existence at the same time with aootber. To CoEXTEND, ko-^ks-tend'. v. a. (477). To extend to the same apace or duration with another. CoEXTBNsiON, k4-^ks-t^n'sh4n. s. The state of extending to the same apace with another. Coffee, kof'fe. s. The coflfee tree ; the berries of the coffee-tree » a dxmk: made by the infusion of those bcrriet in hot water. Coffee-house, k6ff«^-h6Ase. s. A house where coffee ia sold. CoFFEK.MAN,k6rf6-mdn.s. (88). One that keeps a coffee-house. CoFFEE-FOT, k6fft-p6t. 8. The QO- vered pot in which coffee is boiled.. Coffer, k6f filir, s. A chest generally for keeping moneys in fofUfication* a hollow lodgement across a dry moat. 03* I have in this word followed the gene- ral pronunciation, which I see is confimv ed by Dr. Kenrick, W. Johnston, Messrs. Perry, Scott, and Buchanan; for as it stands in Mr. Sheridan with the o long^, though not without respfectaWe u«age on its side, it is a eross irregUla^ty, wfaick ought, if pos8ible» to be reduced to rale. To Coffer, k6f flir. v. a. To trcasttre up in chests. Cofferer, k6f£iiir-flr. s. (555). A principal officer of his majesty's court, next under the comptroller. Coffin, kdffin. s. The chest in which dead bodies are put into the gromid; a mould of paste for a pye \ Coffin of a horse, is the whole hoof of the foot above the coronet, ixKluding the coffin-bone. v To Coffin, k6rfm. v. a. To inclose in a coffin. To Cog, kog. v. a. To flatter, to wheedle ; toobtrude by falsclvxHi j To cor . a die, to secure it, so as to direct its fall To Coo, k6g. v.n. To lie; to wheedle. Coo, kog. s. The tooth of a wheel, by which it acts upon another wheel. To'CoG, k6g. v. a. To fix cogs in a wheel. Cogency, k6'jeni»s6, s. ,, Strength, force. Cogent, k&^j^nt. a. Forcible, re^tr less, convincing. Cogently, k6'j^nt-16. ad. Withre<» sistless force, fbrcibly. C OH us:i C O I Cogger, k&^tr. s. A flatterer, a vkcedler. CoGOLESToxB, k6g'gl<4t6ne. s. A little sume. Cogitable, k6dje'^-ti-bl. a. (405). Whet may be the subiect of thought. ToCooiTATS, k6dje'6-tAtc. V. n. (91). To think. CoGiTATKOK, kodje-^^i'shiln. a. Thoo^t, the act of thinking ; purpose, reflection previooe to action ; meditation. CoGiTATiYi;, k6djc'i-tA-t!v. a. Hav- ing' the power of thought i given to me- ditation. CoGKATioK,k6g-ni'shAn. s. Kindred, TclBLtion, panicipation of the same nature. CooKisEK, k.!>gHi^-z^6', orkon-^-z^c'. 8.— See CoGKizAncE. He to whom a fine in lands or tenements is acknowledg- ed. CoGxisouA, k^g-n^-z^r', or kin-^-zor'. s. (314). la he that passeth or acknow- ledgeth a fine. CoGMKTKOK, k6g-Dish'dn. 8. Know- ledge, comiplete conviction. CoGniTivE,k6g'n*tlv. a. Having the power of knowing. Cognizable, kog'n^-za-bl, or k6n'd- za-b2. a. (405). That Ms under ju- dicial notice ; proper to be tried, judged, or examined. CoojfizAjicE, k^g'n^-zdnse, or k6n'^- ztoae. s. Judicial notice, trial; a badge, by which any one is Imown. OCT' 1 ^ve in this word and its relatives given the forensic pronunciation; but cannot help obseivine, that it is so gross a de- parture from me most obvious rules of the language, that it is highly incumbent on the gentlemen of the law to renounce it, and tvinstste Ae excluded g in its un- doobced rights.— See Avtrosxty and CLxrr. CoGxoMXHAL, k&g-n6m^£-nul. a. Having ^le same name. CooivoviN ATioN, k6g-n6iR<4Hi;&'shAn. 8. A surname, the name of a family ; a name added from any accident or quality. CoGNoscExcE, k6g-n6s^s£n8e. 8. Knowledge. .CocvosciBLK, k6g-n6s^sd-bl a. That may be known. To Cohabit, ki-hiblt. y. n. To dwell with another in the same place ; to Uve together as husband and wife. Cob ABIT AisT, kA-h^'^-tdnt. s. An iohabitantof the same place. Cohabitation, ko-hab-^-ti'shAn. s. The atau of inluibhing the «ame place bull ;— ^il ;— p6{ind ;— /Ain, thi*. with another; the state of living together as married persons. Coheir, k6-Are'. s. One of several among whom an inheritance is divided. Coheiress, kA-d'ris. s. (99). A wo- man who has an equal state of an inherit^ ance. To Cohere, k6-hire'. v. n. To stick together ; to be well connected ; to suit, to fit; to agree. Coherence, ko-heV^nse. > «,, Coherenct, k6-h6V6n-s6. 5 *' ^'^^ sUte of bodies in which their parts are joined together, so that they resist sepa- ration ; connexion, dependency, the rela- tion of parts or tilings one to another; the texture of a discourse; consistency in ^ reasoning, or relating. Coherent, k6-h^'r^nt. a. Sticking together; suitable to something else, re- gularly adopted ; consistent, not contr^ dictory. Cohesion, ki-h^'zh{in. s. The actof sticking together; the state of union; connexion, dependence. Cohesive, k6-hd'siv. a. (158) (428). That has the power of sticking together. Cohesiveness, ko-hd-'slv-n^s. s. The quality of being cohesive. ToCoHiDiT, kA-hib'lt. v. a. To re- strain, to hinder. ToCohobate, k6'h6-bAtc. v.n. (91). To pour the distilled liquor upon the re- maining matter, and distil it again. CoHOBATioN, kA-hi-b^'shiin. s. A returning of any distilled liquor again upon what it was withdrawn trom. Cohort, kA'h6rt. s. A troop of sol- diers, containing about five hundred foot ; a body of warriors. CoHORTATiOK, k6-h6r-ti'shCin. 8. In- citement. CoiF,k6if. 8. (344) (415). The head- dress, a cap. — See Quoir. Coifed, k6ift. a. (359), Wearing a coif To Coil, k611. v. a. To gather into a narrow compass. Coil, k6il. s. Tumult, turmoil, bus- tle ; a rope wound into a ring. Coin, k6in. s. A comer, called often quoin. Coin, k61n. s. Money stamped with a legal impression ; payment of any kind. To Coin, koin. v. a. To mint or stamp metals for money; to forge any tiling, in an ill sense. Coinage, k6ln'Aje. s.'(91). Theact or practice of coining money ; coin, joio- i COL 284 CG-L jt?* (559) ^Fite, ar, fall, fkt'r^mhjtnit'r^^hKdj pb;-«- ney; the ch argues of coining^ in tAIn b≪«-*611;— *p6{ind; MID) this. Collectible, k&M£k't^-bL a. That which may be gathered from the prcmi ses . Collection, k^M^k'shi^. 8. The act of gsdiering tog>etlier ; the tliin^i^ father- ed to|pether ; a contectary, deduced from premuea. CoLL£CTiTiot?s, kol-l^^tlsh'fis. a. Gathered together. Collective, k6l-lik'tlv. a. Gathered into one mass, accumulative ; employed in deducing consecpietices; a collective noiui ezpresaes a multitude, tligugh itself be singula^, aa a company. Collectively, k6l-l^k'tiv-W. ad. In a general mass, in a body, not singly. Collector, k^H^k'tOr. a. (166). A gatherer ; a tax gatherer. CoLLEOATARTf k6M^g^4-t&-r^« 8. A person to whom is Xeii a legacy in com- mon with one or more. College, k^Fl^dje. 8. (9 1 ). A commu* nity ; a society of men set apart for learn- ing or religfion ; the house in which the collegians reside.^Sce To Collect. CoLLEoiAL, k6Mi'j^-il. a. Relating to a college. Collegian, ktl-Wj^-in. s. An inh;v- bitant of a college. Collegiate, kol-)^^j6-ite. (91). Con- taining a college, instituted afler tlie man- ner ofa college ; a collegiate church, yras such as was built at a distance from the cathedral, wherein a number of Presby- ters lived together. Collegiate, k6l-li'ji-4te. s. A mem« ber of a college, a university man. Collet, k6rilt. 8. (99)*. Something that went about the neck ; that part of a ring m which Uie stone is set. To Collide, ki^l-lide'. v. a. To beat, to dash, to knock together. Collier, k6ry^r. s. (113). A digger of coals ; a dealer in coals ; a ship that carries coals. Colliery, k61'y(ir.^. 8. (113). The place where coals are dug ; the coal trade. Colli FLOWER, k^l'l^-floi-iir. s. A kind of cabbage. Colligation, k61-k-g4'8hAn. s. . A binding together. CoLLiMATioN,k6M6-in&'8hAn.s.Aim. CoLLiNEATios, k6l-lin-^-A'shAn. a. The act ofaiming. CoLLiQUABLE, k^MikVi-bl. a. Easily dissolved. CoLuquAMENT, kM-lik'wi-mto. 8. The substance to which any thing U re- duced by being melted. note perceptibly than in (be prepontional «yllaUcs, CW, £SMn, Cbn, mdC^. When the accent is on theaesyl JsUes, in Chiiege^ Comnustarr, Condone^ CamgibU, hue. &c. the q has distinctly its short sound. The sane maybe observed of this o, when the principid accent is on the third ayllable, and the secondary ac- oeat on the first {S23f) ; as in Coiormade, Covtmtndatian^iCondescgruioTifCorreiponJaa, Sx. &c. : (or in this case there is a secon- dly accent on the first syllable, which preserves the 0 in its tree sound (^23) » out when the accent is on the second svl- lahle, this vowel stides into a sound like abort Uy and the words To MUctf To Commit, To ONinicce, To Carmpt, &c. &c. are heard as iS written Cutteety Cummit, Oamnee^ Cmmft, &c. &e. It is true, that when these words are pronounced alone with deliberation* energy^ and precision, the o in the first syilahle preserves nearly its tme sooad; hat this seems to slide in- senmUj into dlwrt u the moment we unite ^these wofds with others, and pronounce "them without premeditation. The delibe- rate and solemn sound is that which I have given in tins Dictionary : nor have I made any difference between words where the accent is en the second syllable ; snd why Mr. Shi*riifan, and those who have follow- ed him, should in CemSiutf Oomnuite, Comfietef See. Sic. give the sound of short oinfrfmt'MidmComfmandfCpfnniit, Cotn- matetf &C. &c. give the same letter the sound of short u in drum, I cannot con- ceive; they are all succeptible of tJiis soDiidcr none* ^nd therefore should all be marked alike. If custom be pleaded for this djstinction, it may be observed that thia flea is the best in the world when it is evident, and the worst when obscui-e. Kojuch custom ever fell under my obser- vation ; I h«re always heard the first sylla^ hie cfetmfiansaid compti, of commatee and CMi^^0«r,prDiioanccd alike, and have there- fore made no distinction between them in titts dictiosiazy. I have given them all the Bound of the o in Comatia ; though I am sensible that, in colloquial pionunciation, they an approach ncarerto the short a, and are similar to the same syllables in Com- f€rt,Coinbat,hc. And it may be laid down as a general rute, without an exception, " that o m an initial s^^ilable, immediately ''be&re the accent,^ and •succeeded by ^'twouncombinahle coosooanU, may, in ^faliliar cOiBrersi^on« be pronounced "like the same letter in e&me, ilone,*' &c. Collect, kollda-s. (492). Any short CoLLBCTA«Kaw> IsAM^k-ti'n^-iHa. i Gaihmdtogether. COL a^6 COL iT (559).^F4te, ftr, ftll, fdt;— m^^ m^t;*— pine, pin;— » CoLLiquANT, k6n^-kwdlit. s. That ToCoLOKiSE,k6rAHiize.v.a. Topl^oit which has the power of melting. To CoLLiquATE, k6l'i6-kwite, v. a. (91). To melt, to di ssol ve . CoLLiquATioN, kol-l^-kwi'shfln. s. The act of meltinp ; a lax or diluted state of the fluids in animal bodies. toLLiquATivE, k6i-lik'wi-tlv. a. Melting, dissolvent. CoLLiquEFACTiON, kol-lik-wtJ-fSk' shftn. s. The act of melting together. Collision, k6l-lizh'in. s. The act of striking two bodies together ;, the state of being struck together, a clash. ToCoLLocATE,kAll6-kite. v. a. (91). To place» to station. Collocation, k61*l6-ki'8hi!bi. s. The Act of placing; the state of being placed. CoLiocuTioN, k61-l6-kti'shAn. s. Con- ferience, conversation. To Collogue, k61-lAg'. v. n. (337). To wheedle, to flatter. CoLLOP, k6l'li\p. s. (166). A small slice of meat; a piece of an animal. Colloquial, koUlo'kw^-dl. ad. Relat- lating to conversation or talking. CoLLoquY, k6l'i6-kw6. s. Conference^ conversation, talk. CoLLucTANCY, k A-Idk'tsbi-sd . 8. Op- position of nature. CoLLucTATiON, k6l-Wk-t4'shfin. s. Contest, contrariety, opposition. To Collude, kol-lude'. v. n. To con- spire in a fraud. CoLLusiONjkol-lu'zhdn. s. A deceitful ag^emeat or compact between two or more. Collusive, kol-lvi'slv. a. (158) (428). Fraudulently concerted. CoLLUsivELY, kol-lu'slv-l^. ad. Iti a manner fraudulently concerted. CoLLUsoRY, kol-lu'sAr-^. a. (557). Carrying on a fraud by secret concert. " Colly, kol'l^. s. The smut of coal. CoLLYRiuM, k6Mlr'r^-dm. s. (113). An ointment for the eyes. Co I. M AH, kol'mir* s. A sort of peal\ CoLox, k^^ldn. s. A point [:] used to mark a pause gteater than that of a com- ma, and less than that of a period ; the greatest and widest of all the intestines. Colonel, kir'n^l. a. The chief com- mander of a regiment. (fj* This word is among those gross irre- gularities which must be given up as in- corrigible. CoLONELSHip, ktkr'ndl-shlp, s. The of* jlc« or chiff actcr 9f coioneL with inhabitants. CoLONN ADE,k6l-i6^4de'.s« Aperistile of a circular figure, or a aerieaof columns disposed in a circle ; any series or range of pillars.— See To Collect. Colony, k61'6-n6. 8. Abodyofpeople drawn from the mother country to inhabit some distant place ; the country planted, a plantation. CoLoqui^TEDA, k61-16-kwln't^-d&, s. The firuit of a plant of the same name, cal- I led bitter apple. It is a violent purgative. CoLORATE,k6l'6*r&te.a. (91). Colour* ed, dyed. Coloration, k6l-6-r4'shdn* & The art or practice of colouring; the state of being coloured. CoLORtFicR,k6l4&-ririk. a. Thathai the power of producing colours. CoLossE, k6-16s'. 7 ^ r Colossus, k6-l6s'sils. S enormous magnitude^ CoLossEAN, koi-los-s^'&i; a. Giant-* like.-^ee Europkav. CoLotjR, k^mr. 8. (165) (314). The appearance of bodies to the eye, hue, dyt ; the appearance of blood in the face ; the tint of the painter; the repnesentatioo of any thing superficially examined ; pallia- tion ; appearance, fidse show ; in the plu- ral, a standard, an ensign of war. To (Colour, kiiKl^r. v. a« To mark with some hue or dye ; to palliate, to eit- cuse ; to make plausible. Colourable, k{il'iAr-4-b!. a. Specious, plausible. CoLouRABLt, kfiriflr4*ble* ad. Spe- ciously, plausibly. Coloured, kAHiird. part. a. (359). Streaked, diversified witJ^ hues. CoLouRiNG,k^ll^-ing»a. (410). The part of the painter's art that teaches to lay on his colours. CoLoVRisT, kiM'15r-l8t. s. A painter who excels in giving the proper cokmrs ts his designs. Colourless, kiiJ1ib''4^. a* Without colour, transparent. Colt, kolt. s. A young horse ; a youngs foolish fellow. To Volt, k6lt. v. a. To befool. Ob- ^ctc. Colts-foot, k<s'fdu s, A plant. Colts-tooth, k6lts-t66r^*B» Anhn- perfecftooth in young horses i a lo^e of youthfiil pleasure. Colter, k6rtA|-« u The sharpirom 4-r^. s. A dove cot, pigeonhouse. Columbine, k6rAni-bine. s. (148). A jdant with leaves like the meadow-rue ; the name of a female character in apantomine. Column, kol'l^lm. &. (411). A rounc piUar; any body pressings vertically upon its base ; the long file or row of troop« ; half a pa^, when divided into two equal paru by a line passinj^ througii the middle. Columnar, k^lAm'nar. > CoLCMNABiAN, k6l-dm-ni'r^-im. J * Formed in columns. CoLUKEs, ko-lurz'. s- Two great'cir- cles supposed to pass through the poles of the world. CoMATE, k6-mite'. s. Companion. CoMBy k^nie. s. (347). .\n instrument to separate and adjust the hair ; the top or crest of a cock; the cavities in which the bees lodee their honey. To Comb, kome. v. a. To divide and adjust the hair ; to lay any thing consisting of tiiaments smooth, as to cgmb wool. Comb-brush, Kome'brttsh. s. Abrusli to clean combs. CoMB-MAKER, k6me'mi-kAr. s. On. whose trade is to make combs. To Combat, kOmliit. v.n. (165). To fight. To Combat, kiiml^at. v. a. To oppose. —See To Collect. Combat, kiim'bat. s. (88). Contest, battle, duel. Combatant, kiim'b^-tant. s. He that fights with another, antagor.ist; a champion. CoMBKR^ko'mAr. s. He whose trade is to disentangle wool, and lay it smooth for the spinner. CoMBiNATE, k^mlD^-nite a. (91). Be- trothed, promised. Combination, kom'b^-nA'ah^n. s. Union for some certain purpose, associa- tion, league ; union of bodies, commixture, conjunction ; copulation of ideas. To CoMsiKEj kom-bine'. v. a. To join together ; to link in union ; to agree, to ac- eoipd ; tojom together, opposed to Analyse. To Combine, kom-bine^ v. n. To coa- lesce, to unite each with otlier; to imite in friendahipor design, often in a bad sense. CombI-ess, k6m^ies« a* Wanting a comb or crest. Combust, k Comktick, k6-m^t'ik. (509). ^ *'' Relating to a comet. COM 388 COM it?* (559).^F4te, far, fill, fat;— mc, met;— pine, pin;- Comfit, ktei'fit. s. (165). A kind of sweetmeat. CoMFiTURE, kilm'fc-tshure. s. (461). Sweetmcfit. : To r6MFORT, kCim'fCirt. V. a.( 1 65).To ytrenethen, to enliven, to invigorate ; to console, to streti^en the mind under calamity. Comfort, kilm'fArt. s. (98). Support, assistance ; countenance ; consolation, sup- port under calamity, that which gives con- solation or support. See To Collect. Comfortable, kftm'filr-ta-bl. a. Re ceiving- comfort, susceptible of comfort, dispensing" comfort. Comfortably, krlm'fir-ta-ble. ad. With comfort, without despair. "Comforter, k^m'fAr-tAr. s. One that administers consoLition in misfortunes; the title of the third peraon of the Holy Trini- , ty ; the paraclete. Coi^fFORTLEss, kflm'fiJirt-l^s, a. With- out comfort Comical, k6m'm<^-kal. a. Ralsihg mirth, merry, diverting ; relating to come- . dy, befitting comedy. Comically, k6m^m6rkal-lc. ad. In such a mahner as raises mirth ; in a man- ner befitting comedy. CoMi c A LNEss, k6m'm6-kill-nes. s. The quality of being comical. CeMtcK, k6m'mik. a. Relfitin^ to co- medy, raising mirth. Coming, kiirn'ming, s. (410). The act of coming, approach ; state of being come, arrival. Coming-in, kiim'mipg-in, s. Revenue, income. Coming, kCim'mlng, a^. Forward, rea- dy to come ; future, to come. Coming, kAm'ming. part. a. Moving from some other to this place ; ready to come. CoMiTiALi ko-mish'dl. a. Relating to the assemblies of the people. C oMi T V, kom'^-t^. s. Courtesy, civility. Comma, kom'ma. s. (92). The point vrhieb denotes the distinction of clausesi marked thus [,]. To Command, kira-mind'. v. a. (79). To govern, to g^ve orders to ; to order, to direct to be done ; to overlook ; to have sq subject as that it may be seen. To Command, kum-mind'. v. n. To have the supreme authority. Comm AN D, k6m-mind'. s. The right pf commanding, power, supreme authority j . cogent authority, despotism ; the act of commanding, order. — See To Collect. :jf* The propensity of the unaccented o to fail into the sound of short v is no where moie perceptible than in the first syllables, of words .beginning with col, cam, etm^ or a>rp when the accent is on the second sellable. Thus the o in to coilect and cMege ; m com^ mend and eommant; in Connect and cmuul: in correct and comer ; cannot be considered aa exactly the same in ail : the oin the first word of each oftbese pairs has certainly a diiierent sound from the same letter in the second ; and if we appreciate this sound, we Shan find it ccnncide with that whidi is the roost nearly related to it, namely the short «. I have not however ventured to substitute this «, not that I think it inoon- patible with the roost correct and solemn pronunciation, but because where there is a possibility of reducing letters to their ra- dical sound without hurting the ear, thi« radical sound ought to be the model ; and the greaterorlesser departure from it, left to the sc^emnityor familiarity of the occa- sion. To foreigners, however, it mny not be improper to remark, that it would &c always better for them to adopt the u in- stead of 0 ,• this will secure them irom the smallest impropriety, for natives only caa seize such nice distinctioi^s as sometimes divide even judges tliemselves. Mr. She- ridan was certainly of opinion that this un- accented o might be pronounced like v, as he has so marked it in Commcmd, commence, committiony and com/mendi tfiddgh not iu com/m^nder s and in comtare, though not in comparatroe; but in almost every other word where this o occurs, he has given it the sound it has in eotutant. Mr. Scott has exactly followed Mr. Sheridan in these words, and Dr. Kenrick has yniformly marked them all with the short sound of a. Why Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott should make any differe nee in the first syllfi Wes of these w0^ds, where the letters and accents are exactly the same, I cannot conceive : these sj-llables may be called a roecies. ; and, if the occasion were not too trifling for .such a comparison, it miglit be observed, that as nature varies in individuals, but is uniform in the species, so custom is some- times tarious in accented syllablea, which are definitely and strongly marked, but conmaonly roore regular in unaccented syi - lables, by being left, as it were, to the com- mon operation of Uie organs of pronuncia- tion.— See the words Collect and Do- mestic. CoMMANDER,kum*inWdi&r-s. He that has the supreirie authority, a chief ; a pav- ing beetle, or a very great wooden msdkt CoHMAKDERT^ ^6Wm^n'd^-ri. s. A body of the knights of Malta, belonging to the same nation. O 1^ U9 COM xn^ye, nor, not ;-^ibe» tiib, bull ;— AH ;— pddnd ;— //rin, this.- CoiCMAHOJfSHTt k&m-inj^'ni^t. s. Mudste, ctannMdf ordcTf precept, au- thoriiXj power j by way of eminence, the • jiwcepte of tke decidogue given by God to Moses. CoMMANDREss, kom-iTi&n'dr^s. s. A vroman rested -wnth iupfeme sutfaority. CoMMATERiAL, k6in-ina-t^'r6-4l. a. Cooaktin^ of the same matter with ano- ther. COMKATEKIALITY, kom-tni-t^rrd'-il'- £-td. ». Resemblance to something initsmaUer. ^ CoMM.BMOBAai.E,k6m-m£m'mo-rit-bl. a. B«servw|^%obe mentioQed with honour, To CoMSTEMosATE^ k6ni-m£m^m6- rite. v. a. (91}. To preserve the memory by fbmejjgibBck act Com M K M 0 B A T 1 8K7^k6m-ni^ Co»iMENDATiov,k6ra-m£n«d4'8hi!b.8. Recommendation, favourable repreienta- tion ; praise, declaration of eiteem.— See To Collect. Commendatory, k6m-m£nMft^tAr*r6. a. (512). Favourably representative ; con- taining' praise. CoMMEif DER, k6m«tn^^ddr. s. Praiser. Commensality, kom-m^n-sAl'^-td. s. Fellowship of table. CoMMENSURABiLiTY, kAm^m^H-sh^k- ri-bir^-t^. s. Capacity of being com- pared with another as to the measure, or of l^iiig measured by another. CoMMENSURABL E,k6m-m^n'8h A-r«L-bL a. (452). Reducible to some common mea- sure, as a yard and foot are messured by an inch. CoMMENSURABLENEss, k6m-m^n'- 8h(i-r4-bl-n£s. s. Commensurability, m^mmo-rii'- sh^. s. An act of publicly celebration. Cou^EMon^rivK^ k^m-m^mmATa- Trc^MENsnKATK, k&m.mto'8h6. rite. V. a. (91.) To reduce to some a. tiv. a. (157). Tending to preserve memory of any thing. To CoMMEircE, k6m-mensc'. v, n. To begin, to make a beginning ; to take a new character.— See To Collect. To Commence, k6m-mense'. v. a. To begin, to make a beginning of, as to commence a suit Commea'cemewt, k6m-m^n9c'mdnt. 8. Beginnings date ; the time t^en de- greea are taken in a university. To CoMaf£ii]>» kom-m^nd^ v. a* To represent as worthy of notice, to recom* mead 5 to metrtion with approbation; to recommend to Temcmbrance. CoMMEiiDA- Ck6m'men-d4-bL > ai^E^ I kum-mto'di-bl. J Laudable, worthy of praise. CI7* This word, like Jcceftahte, has, since Johnson wrote his Dictionary, shifted its accent from the second to the first syllable. The sound of tile langviage certainly suffers by these transitions of accent However, when custom has once decided, we may complain, but must still acqiuesce. The accent on the second syllable of this word ia- groim vulgar, and there needs no other reason for banisliihg it from polite ptYHiunciation. CoMMENDABLY, k6m'm^n-d4-bl6. ad. Laudably^ bn a manner worthy of com- meiuiation. CoKy«KnAX> k6m-m&>'d4m. s. Com mendam is a benefice, which being void, is commended to the charce of some suf- ficient ckik to be suppHed. Commendatart, k6m-mto'da-t'i-rd, s. C^12). On^ who holds a living m com - mendam, common measure. Commensurate, k6m-min'ah6-r4te. a. (91). Reducible to some common mea- sure ; equal, proportionable to each other. Commensurately, k6m-m^n'sh6- rAte-li. ad. With the capacity of measuring, or being measured by some other thing. Co M M EN s u R ATI on, kom-m^-sh^i-ri'- shvin. s. Re^r-i'shftn. s. Pity, compassion, tenderness. Commissary, k6m'mis-sar-^. s. An officer made occasionally, a delegate, a de- puty; such as exercise spiritual /iiirisdiction in places of the diocese far distant from the chief city; an officer who draws up lists of an army, and regulates the procu- ration of provision. — See To Collect. CoMMissARYSHip,k6m'mis-sdr-^-ship, 8. The office of a commissary. Commission, kom-mish'dn.s. Theact of entnisting any thing* ; a trust, a war- rant bv which any trust is held j a warrant by which a military office is constituted ; a charge, a mandate, office ; act of com- mitting a crime ; sins of commission are distinguished from sins of omission ; a number of people joined in a trust or offiif c ; the state of that which is ert usted to- a number of joint officers, a» the broad seal was put into commiEsion ; the ordeif by which a factor trades
Commorancy, k6m'in6*r4n-s^. J ** Dwelling, habitation, residence. Commobant, k6m'm6-riot. b. Rm* dent, dwelling. CpMMOTioN, k6m-m6'shdn. s. Tu- mult, disturbance, combustion i pertur- bation, disorder of mind, asitation. CoMMOTioKER, kom-nH^'slidnH&r. s. A disturber of the peace. To CoMMovE, k6m-m66ve^ v, a. To. disturb, to unsettle. To Commune, k6m-ttlune^ v. n^ To converse, to impart sentimenU mntuallv. Communicability, k6m*m&-n^4La- bil'^-t^. 8. The quality of being communicated. Communicable, kdin«m(k'n^>k&-bl. a. That which n*ay become the commbn possession of more than one ; that which may be imparted, or recounted. Communicant, k6m-iniLi'n^-kant. s. One who is present, as a worshipper, at the celebration of the Lord's Supper. To Communicate, k6m-m6'ne-k4te. V a— See To Commaxd. To impart to others what is in our own power ; to re- veal, to impart knowledge. To CoMMUiiicATE, k6m.ini'nc-kAte. V, n. (91). Topartakeof the blessed sacra- ment ; to have something in common with another, as. The houses communicate. Communication, k6m«mA-n^-k&^- shCin . s. The act of imparting bene- fits or knowledge ; common boundary or inlet ; interchange of knowledge ; con- ference, conversation. OMMUNicATiVB, kain-inu'n^-k&*tlr. a. Inclined to make advantages com- mon, liberal of knowledge, not selfish. Communicativeness^ k6m-m(i'n6«< ka-tiv»n^s. s. The quality of bemg communicative. Communion, k6m-miine'yiln. s. In- tercourse, fellowship, common posses- sion ; tlie common or public celebration of the Lord's Supper ; a common or pub- lie act { union in the common wonhip of any church (113), Community, k6m-mu'n^-t6.s. The commonwealth, the body politic ; com- mon possession ; frequency, commonness. CoMMUTABiLiTY, k6in-m«-t4-bii'^-ti. s. The quality of btiD|^c«p«Ue of ex- change. COM 39B COM 37^ (559).— J*itej ftr, fill, fit ;— m^, ind^;-*piiie, pin ; — • CoMMUTABLE,k&m»mii^t4-bl. a. That may be exchanged for something else Commutation, k6m-mii-ti'5hmi. s Change, alteration ; exchange, th^ act of giving one thing for another; ransom^ the act of exchanging a corporal for a pe- cuniary punishment. Commutative, k6Tn-mii'til-tlv. a. (157). Relative to exchange. To Commute, kom-mtte . v. a. To exchange, to put one thing in the place of* another ; to buy off, or ransom one ob- ligation by another.-^See To Collect. To Commute, k6m-mute'. v. n. To atone, to bai^in for exemption. CoMMUTUAL, k6m-inJl'tsh^-ul. a. (461). Mutual, reciprocal. Compact, k6m'pikt. s. (492). A contract, an acco»l, an agreement. To Com pa c t, k6m-pakt . v. a. To join together with firmness, to consolidate ; to wiSke^ out of something ; to league . with ; •to join together, to brmg into a system. Compact, k6m-pdkt^ a. (494)» Finm solid, close, dense ; brief, as a compact discourse. CoMPACTEDNESS, kom-pak'tM-n^s. s. Fiirmness, density. Compactly, kom-pftkt^^. ad. Close- ly, densely ; with neat joining. CoMPACTN£SS,k6ni-pakl'n6s. s. Firm- ness, closeness. CoMPA9TUR£, k6m*pak't$hi^re. s. (461). Structorc, compagination. CoMPAO£s,k6in-p4^j^s. s. A system of many parts united. Compagination, k6m-pad-j£-nu'- shCb. s. Union, structure. Companion, k6m-pib'y^- s. (113). • One with whom a man frequently con- verses, a partner, an associate ; a fami- liar term of contempt, a fellow. Companionable, k6m-p4n'ydn-u-bl. a. Fit for good fellowship, social. Companionablt, k6m*p&n'yib-14>l^« ad. In a companionable manner. Companionship, k6m-p&n'y6n-«hlp, s. Company, tridn, fellowship, association. Company, kiiim'pd-n^. s. (165). Per- sons assembled together ; an assembly of pleasure ; persons considered as ciq>able of conversation ; fellowship ; a number of persons united for the execution of any thing*, a band ; persons united in a joint trade or partnership ; a bod^ corporate, a^ corporation ; a subdivision of a regiment of foot J To bear company, to associate with* to be a companion to ; To keep company, to frequent II0QM9 of c&tertatomcst. ' To Company, kihn'pi-c^. v. a. To ac- company, to be associated with. Obsolete. To Company, k5m'pa-n^. v. n. To associate one's self with. Not used. Comparable, k6m'pl-ra45l. a. Wor- thy to be compared, of equal regard. — See Academy, Accbptabi^e, Com- mendable, and Incomfarablc. Comparably, k6m'p4-ra4)l^. ad. In a manner worthy to be compared. •Comparative, k6m-pai*^4-tiv, a. Esti- mated by comparison, not absolute ; hav- ing the p^wfer of comparing ; in grammar, the comparative degree expresses more of any quantity in one tiling than in ano- ther, as the right hand is the stronger. Com pa r ati v el y, kom-par'a-Uv-li. ad. In a state of comparit»on, according XX) estimate made by compai-ison. To Compare, k6m-pire'. v. a. To make one thing the meo^ui'-e of another, to estimate the relative goodness or bad- ness.— See To Colxect. i Compare, k6m-p4re'. s, ComparatiTc estimate, comparison ; simile, bimlUludc. —See To Command. Comparison, k6m-p4i''^-sin. s. The act of comparing ; the state of being com- pared ; a comparative estimate ; a ^mile in wnting or speaking ; in grammar, tlie formation of an adjective through its va- rious degrees of signification^ as strong, stronger, strongest ^ I i*ave inserted the vowel in the last syl- lable of this word, because iirsdemn pro- nunciation some speakers may think it proper to preserve it ; but in common and unprememtated speaking, I amconmced it falls into the general analogy, and iss sunk as much as m Peascn^ Season^ PrUon^ 8tc. (103) (irO).— See To Collect. To Compart, k6m-pirt'. v. a. To di- vide. Compartiment, kixn-pirt'c-mtet. s. A division of a picture, or design. CoMPARTiTioN, k6in-p&r-tish'Cin. s. The act of comparting or dividing » tlic parts maiked out or separated, a scpa* rate part. . oMPARTMENTy k6m-pirt'mtet. s. Division. To Compass, kAm'pCis. v. a- (165). To encircle, to environ, to suiroUnd j to obtain, to procure, to attain ; to take mea- sures preparatory to any thing, as to compass the deam of ihe king. Compass, k(bn^pds.s.(88) (165). Cir- cle, round) space, room, Gndts; enclo- sure, circomfei-cnce; ad^Muturefiom the right lin«| an indirect advanct ; modcr&te COM 393 COM i^xe, nodenitiaay due limita ; the power €# the ?oioe to ezpreu the notes of music ; the instnimexits -with which circles are drawn; the instrument combed of a needle asd card, whereby manners steer. CoMFAssiotf, k6m-pash'iin, a. Pity, eomnuserationy painAil sympathy. To Compassion, k6m->p£ih'^. v. a. To pity. Not need. CoMPAisxoKATKy k6iir^ish'!Zin'4te. a. (91). Inclined to fnty^, mercifbl, tender. ToCojcpASsioirATK,k6in-p^h'An'4te. T. a. (91). To pity, to eosMniserate. CoMFASsioM ATftLT, k6in-p^h'(i]i«Ate- Xt* ad. Merciftilly, tenderly. CoMPATEaHiTY, k&m-pA-t^r'n^-tift. s. The state of being a godfather. CoMPATiBXLiTY,k&m-p&t-^-bil'd-tA. s. ConsistencTt the power of co-existing -with something' else. CoHFATf BLK, k6in-pdt'6-bl. a. Suitable to, St for, consistent with: consistent, agreeable, yy Mr. Nares observes that this word ofught to be written Cofnpaible^ because it cornea from the Latin wmpeto. COMF ATI BLKlf ESSjc&Ik&m-pVshdnt.a. SuiBer- ing together. Compatriot, kAm*pA'tr*-&t. s. ( 1 66). One of the same coontty. CoMPRsa, k6m-p*fer'. «. Equal, com- panion, colleagoe. To CoMPBBR, k6Tn-p*4r'. v. a. To be equal with, to mate. Not used. To Compel, k6m-p^r. v. a. To force to scnne act, to oblige, to constrain ; to take by fi>rce or riolence.— See To Col- lect. Compellable, kfim-p^ni-bl. a. That may be forced. CoMPELLATioN, k6in-p^MA'shiftii. s. The st^e of address, as Sir, Madam, 8cc- CoMPRLLER, k6ni-p^l-it^r. s. He that farces another. CoMPENO, kom'ptod. s. Af>ridgmeni, flmnmaiy, epitome. CoMFEKOiARious, k&m-p^n-jd-i'r^- ib. a. (294). Short, contracted. . COMFClfPlOMTY, kWp&l-i^-6s'i-ti. s. (294). Shortness. ComfrvdiouSy k6»-p4n'ji-iU. a. ShoKt,attaiMiry«al«idged,OQmpreheBSiT^ CoBiFRRDBovaLT^k^m-^'j^-is^^^ (394). Ste^; ramiii^y' bAD;— 61!;— pAtod;— fMn, this. C0MPEMB10V8NR88, k^m-p^n'j^-As- n^. a. (294). Shortness, bwjvity. Compendium, k6m-p^n'j£-Am. s. Abridgment, summary, breviate. CoMPENSABLE,k6m-pdn'si-bl.a. That 'wdiich may be recompensed. To Compensate, kom-p^n'sAte. v. a. (91). To recompense, to counterbalance, to countervail. Compensation, kAm-pdn-s&'shfln. s. Recompense, soroetliing equiralcnt. Compensative, k6in-pen'sa-tlv. a. That which compensates. To CoMpRNSE, k6in-p£nse'. v. a. To compensate, to counterbalance, to recom- pense. Competence, k6in^p^-t£nse. > Competency, k6m'p^-t^n-s6. J ** Such a quantity of any thing as is suffi- cient ; arortune equal to the necessities of life ; the power or capacity of a judge or court Competent, k6in'p^-t£nt. a. Suitable, fit, adequate, proportionate ; without de- fector superfluity ; reasonable, moderate ; qualified, fit ; consistent with. Competently, k6m'pe-t5nt-W. ad. Keasonably, moderately ; adequately, pro- perly. Competible, kftm-pdt'^-bl. a. Suita- ble to, consistent with. C0MP£TIBLEN£SS,k6ni-p^t'^-bl-n£8.S. Suitableness, fitness. Competition, k6m-p6-tlsh'An. s. Ri- valry, contest ; claim of more than one to one thing. Competitor, k6m-p^t'*-tAr. s. A ri- val ; an opponent. Compilation, kftin-p^-lA'sh^n, s. A collection firom various authors; an as- seid^lage, acoacervation. To Compile, kAm-pUe'. v. a. To draw up from various authors ; to write, to com- pose. CoMPiLEMENT,k6m-ptte'in4nt. s. The act of heaping up. Compiler, k6in-pi'Wr. s. A collector, one who frames a composition from vari- ous autliors. Complacence, kdm-pla's^nse. > ^ Complacency, kdm-pli'sin-s6. 3 Pleasure, satisfaction, gratification ; civi- lity, complaisance. Complacent, k6m-pl4'sint. a. Civil, affable, mild. ,To Complain, k&m-pl^ne'. v. n. To mention with snn and method ; to dispose , to put in the |Mt^r state; to put together a discourse or sentence ; to constitute by being parts of a whole ; to calm, to quiet ; to adjust the nund to any business ; to adjust, to settle, aa to compose a difference ; with printers, to arrange the letters ; in musick, to ibrm a tune m>m the different musical notes.*-See To Collect. Composed, k6m-pdzd'» particip. a. Cabn, serious, even, sober. CoMPosROLT, k6in-p6^££d-l£« ad. (364). Calmly, seriously. CoMPosEDNRss, k6m-p6'zM-Rd8* 8* (365). Sedateness, calmness. CoMPosRR,k6in-p6'z(ir«s. An author, a writer ; he that adapts the musick to words. CoMPosiTE,k&m-p6z'it.a.(140). The Composite order in architecture is the last of* the fire orders, so named because its ca{xtal is composed out of those of the oUier orders ; it is also called the Roman and Italick order. Composition, k6m-p6-zish'6n. s. The act of forming an integral of various dissi- milar parts ; the act of bringing simple ideas into complication, opposed to analy- sis ; a mass formed by mingling different ingredients; the state ofheingcompound- eo, union, conjunction ; the arrangement of yariooB figures in a picture ; written yfwk; the' act of discharging a debt by paying part; consistency, congniity; in granunar; the joining words toge;her ; a certain method of demonstration in ma- thema^ck^, which is the reverse of tlie analytical method, or of resolution. Compositive, k6in-p6z'^-tlv..a. Com- pounded, or hAvir^ the power of com- pounding. Compositor, k6ni-p6z'^-ttir. s. He that ranges and adjusts the types in print- ing. Compost, k6m^p&st. s. Manure. CoMPOSTURE, k6ni-p6&'tshilkre. s. (461). Soil, manure. Not used. Composure, k6Yn-p6'zh6re. s. (452). The act of composing or indicting ; ar- ran^fement, combination, order ; the form arismg from the disposition of the various parts ; frame, make ; relative adjustment ; composition, framed discourse ; sedate- ness, calmness, tranquillity; agreement, composition, settlement of differences. CoMPOTATioN, k6in*p6-t^'shto. s. The act of drinking together. Compotator, kom-po-tA'tClr. s. One that drinks with another. CoMPOTOR, k6m-p6'tAr. s. One that drinks with another. 03* I have not found either of tliese words in any of our Dictionaries, and have ventured to place them here only as conversation words ; the former as the more usual, the latter as more correct. They arc neater expressions than any in our language, and convey a much less offensive idea, than a pot coTnpanioth o goodjellcw, &c. &c. To Compound, k6m-p6^d'. v. a. To mingle many ingredients together; to form one word vrom. one, two, or more words ; to adjust a difference^ by reces- ^ sion from the rigour of claims ; to dis- charge a debt, by paying only part. To Compound, kom-p6tlind^ v. n. To come to terms of agreement, by abating something ; to barc^n in the lump. Compound, k6m^p6tind. a. (492), Formed out of many ing^dients, not single ; composed of two or more word.%. CoMPOUND,k6m'p6^nd. s. (492). The mass formed by tlie union of many ingre- dients. Com pound ABLE, k6m-p^jWda-bl. a. Capable of being compounded. Compounder, k6niTpA(lnMftr.s. One who endeavours to bring parties tp terms of agreement ; a mbigler, one who mixes bodies. ToCoMPREHEND,k6mrpri-hdnd'. v.a. To comprise, to include ; to contain in the mind, to conceive. Comprehensible, k6m-pr^-h^n'3l. a. 6. The act or quality of comprisinj^ or <;onUining, inclusion; summary, epi- tome, compendium ; knowledge, capaci- ty, power of the mind to admit ideas. Comprehensive, k6in-pr^-h^n'slv. a. Having the power to comprehend or un- derstand: having the quality of compris- ing much. C0MPREHEMSIVELY,k6m-pf£-h^n'siv- 1^. ad. In a comprehensive man- ner. Comprehensiveness, k6m-prA-hdh'- siv-nds.'^s. The quality of including much in a few words or narrow compass. To Compress, k6m-pr^s'. v. a. To force' into a narrow compass ; to embrace. Compress, k6m'prds. s. (492). Bol- . sters of linen rags. CoMPR£ssiBiLiTY,k6in-pr^s-s£-bil'l^- t^. s. The quality of admitting to be brought by force into a narrower com- pass. Compressible, k6m-prds'3^-bl. a. Yielding to pressure, so as that one part is brought nearer to another. CoMPREssiBLENESS, k6m-pr^s's^-bl- n^s. s. Capability of being pressed close. Compression, k6m-pr^sh'An.s. The act of bringing the parts of any body more • near to each other by 'v'iolence. CoMPRESsuRE, k6m-pr^sh'shdre. s. (452). The act or force of one body pressing against another. To Comprint, k6m-prlnt'. v. a. To print together; to print another's copy, to the prejudice of the rightful proprietor. To Comprise, k6m-prize'. v. a. To . contain, to include. Com proration, k6m'pr6-b&'shdn. s. Proof, attestation. Com promise, k6m'prA-mlze. 8. Amu- tuaj promise of parties at difference, to refer tlieir controversies to arbitrators ; an adjustment of a difference of parties by mutual concessions. •To Compromise, k6m'pr6-mize. v. a. To adjust a compact by mutual conces- sions, to accord, to agree. C0MPROMISSORIA.L, k6m.-pr6-mls-sA' p^-dl. a. Relating to compromise. Comprovincial, k6m-pr6-vln'8h4l. s. Belonging to the same province. CoMPT, k6lint* s. (407). AcQpunt, computation, reckoning. Not used. To C OM PT, kdimt. v, a. To compute, to number. We now use To count. Account* able, ready to give account Obsolete. To CoMPTROLL, k6n-tr6r. v. a. (84) (406). To control!, too^er-mle, to oppose. Comptroller, k6n4r6lfir.s. Direc- tor, supervisor. CoMPTROLLERSHip, Wn-tril^r-sMp. s. * Superintendence. CoMpuLSATivELY, k6m-pAl's&-4)v'ld. ad. By constraint. CoMPULSATORT, k6m-pWsi-tftr-^. a. Having the force of compelfing.— See Domestic (512). Compulsion, kom-p^l'shun. ft. The act of compelling to something, force j the state of being compelled. Compulsive, kAm-pfll'slv. a. Ha\ing the power to compel, forcible. Compulsively, k6m*pdrslv-U. ad. By force, by >'iolence. C6mpulsiv£ness, k6m-f>U^8iv-n^s. s. Force, compulsion. CoMPULsoRiLY, k6m-pdrsA-r^-I^/ad In a compulfiogry or forcible iiiaimer» by violence. Compulsory, k6m-pdrsAr-^. a. Hav- ing the power of compellkig.^See Do- mestic (512). Compunction, k6m-p{ing'shdn. s* The power of pricking, stimulation; re- pentance, contrition. Compunctious) kdm-pi&ng'ah^. a. Repentant. Compunctive, kom-p^kng^tlv. a. Causing remorse. Compurgation, k6m-p^r-gA'shi&n. s. Tlie practice of justifying any man's vera- city by the testimony oranother. Compurgator, k6m-pilLr-g4^tdr. s. One Mrho bears his testimony to the credi- bility of another. Computable, kom-p&'ti-bl. a. Capa- ble of being numbered. Computation, k6m-p{i-t&'shi&n. s. The act of reckoning, calculation i the sum collected or settled by calculation. To Compute, k6m-pi&te^ v. a. To reckon, to calculate, to count. Computer, k6m-pu'tiir.s. Reckoner, accountant CoMPUTisT, k6m'p6-Ust. s. Calcula- tor, one skilled in computodon. CoMHAPE, kfim'rAde. s. (165). One whadwells in the same house or chaiober s a companion, a partner. Con, kon. A Latin inseparable prepo- sition, which, at the beginning of words. CON %97 CON — s^ miyrpy nfc', nAt ^^^iUbe^ ttby bdU ;— All ;-— p6find;— ^Aitv this. CowcEiTEDLT) k6n-4^'t£d-l^. ad. Fan- cifully, wfaimsicAlly. CoNCEiTEDNEss, k6n-s*'tid-nds. s. Pride, fondness of himself. \ aUMn, as concovraey a Tannms^ tether. Cojf, k6ti. ad. An abbreTiation of emitra. On the opposite side, against another, as to disputeAro and eon. To Con, k6n. v. a. To know; to stu- dy; to fix in the memory. To CoNCAMERATE, k6n-kim'd-r4te. ▼. a. (91) (408). To arch over, to Tault. To Concatenate, k6n-k&t'^-nite. r, a. (91). To link together. Concatenation, k6n-kit'6-n4-shAn. s. A series of links. Concavation, k&ng-k&-v4'sh{in. s. The act of miking concave. |C7* A.a the secondary accent is on the first ayllable of this word, and the n comes before hard c, it has the rii\ging sound as much as if the principal accent « 'WBre upon it (408) (409) (432). Concave, kdng^cdve. a. (408) (409) (432). HoQow, opposed to convex. CoNCAVENEss, k6ng^k4ve-nds. s Hollowness. Concavity, kAn-kiv'^-t^. s. Internal surface of a hollow spherical spheroidical body. Concayo-concate, k6n-kA'v6-k6ng'- k^ve. a. (408). (Concave or hollow on both sides. CoNCA vo-coN vE x,k&n-kAVA-k6n V^ks. a. Concave one way and convexthe other. CotfCAvovs, k6n-kA^vds. a. Concave. CovcAvonsLT, k6n-ki'vi^s-16. ad. With hoUowness. To CoNCEAi., k6n-s^lc'. v. a. To hide, to keep secret, not to divulge. Conceal AN-K, k6n-s^14-bL a. Ca-| pable of being concealed. { CoNCEALEDNEss, k6n-s&1£d-n£s. s. Privity, Obscurity. Concealer, k6n-ft^'ldr. s. He that conceals any thing. Concealment, kon-«*le'mtot.s. The aet of hiding, secrecy ; the state of being hid, privacy; hiding place, retreat. To Concede, k6n•sMe^ v. a. To ad- mit, to grant. Conceit, k^-s^te^. a. Conception, thou^tyidea ; understanding, readiness of ^)prehension ; fancy, fantastical notion ; a loiid<^HnioD of one's self; apleasant fancy; Out of conceit with, no longer fond of. To Conceit, k6n-«&te^ v. a. To ima- ^ne, to believe. Conceited, kon-s^'tid. particip. a. Endowed with fancy; proad, fond of ^ himself; opinioaative. Conceitless, k6n-s^te1e8. a. Stupid, without thought. Conceivable, k6n-si'vd-bl. a. That may be imagined or thought ; that may be understood or believed. ' CoNCEivABLkNESs, k6n-s^'v^-bl-nis. s. The quality of being conceivable. Conceivably, k6n-s^Va-bl^. ad. In a conceivable manner. To Conceive, k6n-s^ve'. v. a. To admit into the womb; to form ^n the mind ; to comprehend, to understand i to think, to be of opinion. To Conceive, k6n-s^ve'. v. n. To think, to have an idea of; to become pregnant. CoNCEivER, k6n-s^'vilr. s. One that understands or apprehends. Concent, k6n-3^nt'. 8. Concert of voices, harmony ; consistency. To Concentrate, k6n-3^n'tr&te. v. a. (91). To drive into a nalrow cOmpass ; I to drive towards the* centre. Concentration, k6n-B£n-tr4^shi&n. a. Collection into a narrower space round the centre. To Concentre, k6n-sdn'tdr. v. n. (416). To tend to one coipmon centre. To Concentre, k6n-s^n'tAr. v. a. T* emit towards one centre. Concentric al, k6n-s^n'tr^-kdl. > Concentrick, k6n'S^n'trlk. > *' Havbig one common centre. CoNCEPTACLE, k6n-3^p^t^-kl. B. (405). That in which any thing is contained, a vessel. Concept I BLE, kon-sip't^-bl. a. Intel- ligible, capable to be miderstood. Conception, k6n-s^p'shAn. s. The act of conceiving, or quickening with pregnancy ; the sUte of being conceived; notion, idea; sentiment, purpose; ap- prehension, knowledge ; conceit, senti- ment, pointed thouglit. • CoNCEpTious, k6n-s^p'shds. a* Apt to conceive, pregnant. CoNCEPTivEjkon-s^p'tiv. a. Capable , to conceive. To Concern, k6n-3^rn'. v. a. To relate to ; to belong to ; to affect with some passion : to interest, to engage by interest ; to disturb, to make uneasy. Concern, k6n-sto/. a. Business, af- CON 298 ^O.N ' 37* (559).— Fite, fir, ftil, ftt;— m^, m£t. ;— pine, piai-- . fair ; interest, engagement, importance, moment ; passion, affection, regard. Concerning, kAn-s^r'ning. prep. Re- lating to, with relation to. Concernment, k6n-sem'mdnt. s The thinff in which we are concerned or interested, business, interest; inter- course, importance ; interposition, med- dling; passion, emotion of mind. To Concert, k6n-s6rt'. v. a. To settle any thing in private, by mutual commu- nication ; to settle, to contrive, to adjust. Concert, k6n's^rt. s. Communica- tion of designs ; a symphony, many per- formers playing tlie same tune. CONGERTATION, k^D-S^F-t^^sh^^. S< Strife, contention. CoNCERTATivE, kon-s^f't^-tiv. a Contentious. Concession, kAn-sSs'shfln. s. The act of yielding ; a grant, the thing yielded. Concession ARY,k6n-s^s'shiln-&r-^. a Given by indulgence. Concessively, k6n-s^s-slv-l^. ad. By way of concession. Conch, k6ngk. s. (408). A shell, a sea shell. Conchoid, k6ng'k61d. s. The name of a curve, the property of which is to ap- proach perpetually nearer to aline, with- out ever being able to touch it. - To Conciliate, k6n-siKy4te. v. a. (91) (113). To gain over, to reconcile. Conciliation, k6n-sil-6.i'shiln. s. The act of gaining or reconciling. Conciliator, k6n-sll-^-i't6r. s. One that makes peace between others. Conciliatory, k6n-8il'^-4-tar-d. a. Relating to reconciliation.-*-See Domes- tig. (Cj* Mr. Sheridan places the accent upon the a in tliis word, but all our other or- thoepists place it more properly upon the second syUable (512). CoNciNNiTY,k6n-3in'n^-t^. s. Decen- cy, fitness. CoNciNNOus, k&n-sln'nds. a. Becom- ing, pleasant Concise, k6n-sise'. a. Brief, short. Concisely, k6n-sise'W. ad. Briefly, shortly. Conciseness, kon-slse'n^s. s. Brevity, shortness. Concision, k&n-slzh'zhdn. s. Cutting off, excision. Concitation, kAn-si-ti'sh^ki. s. The act of stirring up. CoNCLAMATioN,k6ng-kl^-md'slitiri,.s. (408). An outcry. Conclave, kdng'kUve. s. (408). Private apartment; the room in which the cardinals meet, or the assembly of tlie cardinals ; a close assembly.— Se9 To Collect. To Conclude, kon-klude^ v. a. To collect by ratiocination; to decide, to determine ; to end, to finish. To Conclude, k6n<-k]{ide'. v. n* To perform the last act of ratiocination, to determine; to settle ofunion; finally to determine ; to end. CoNCLUDENCY, k6n-kli^'ddn-s6. s. Con- sequence, regular proof CoNCLUDENT, k6n-kl&'d^nt. a. De- cisive. CoNCLUsiBLE, k6n-kl£i'z^-bL a. (459), Determinable. Conclusion, kon-klu'zhiftn. s. Deter- mination, final decision ; collection from propositions premised, consequence ; the close ; the event of ex|)eriment ; the end, the upshot. Conclusive, k6n-klu'slv. a. (158) (428). Decisive, giving the last deter- mination ; regularly consequential. Conclusively, k&n-kld'siv-l^, ad« Decisively. Conclusiveness, kdn-kKi'siv-nds. s. Povrer of determining the opinion. To Concoagulate, , k6ng-k6-ag^gu- lite. v. a. (408), To congeal one tiling wth another. Concoagulatiok, k6ng-k6-%-gfi*i4'- shAn. s. A coagulation by which different bodies are joined in one mass. To Concoct, kon-kokt'. v. a. To di- gest by the stomach, to purify by heat. Concoction, k6n-k6k'sh^n. s. Diges- tion in the stomach, maturation by heat. CoNcoLouR, k6n-kAl'ldr. a. Of one colour. Concomitance, k6n^6m'^-tanse. ^ CoNcoMiTANCY, k6n-k6m'^-tan-s^. j s- Subsistence together with another thing. Concomitant, k6n-k&m'ertant. a. Conjoined with, concurrent with. Concomitant, k6n4L6m'^-Unt. ». Companion, person or thing fsoUaterally connected. Concomitantly, k6n-k6m'^4^t"l£. ad. In company with others. To CoNcoMiTATE, kon-kftm'^-tAte. V. a. To be connected witli any tiling. Concord^ k6ng'k6rd.8. (408). Agree- ment between persons and tilings, peace, union, harmony, concent of souiids ; prjn- ton 299 CON —116, m6ve, ndr, n6t;— dibe, t(tt>, Wll;— ^U; p6tiiid;~/Am, this. cipil gmmmatlcal rebitioQ of one word to ttwcber. CoJrcoRDANCSf k6iv-kAr^dd]Me. s. (496). Agreement ; a bode which shows in how many tcxU of scripture any wc-^ occun. Cy johmoDy Sheridan, Ash^ Scott, Kares, Perry, Baiiey, Entick, W. Johnston, Bu- chsBsn, and Kenrick, all concur in plac- ing the accent on the second syllable of this «otd in both its senses ; and every- plea of distinction is triflings against sll these authorities, and the discordance of the accent on the first syllable. — See To Bowi^ ■ Coscoai>ANT,koii-k6r'dant.a- Agree- sSAe, agreeing. Concordats, k^n-kir'ditc. s. (91). A compact, a convention. CoNCO&poRAL, k6n-k6r'p6-rdl. a. Of tl^ same body. ToCoKcoKPORATE, k6n-k6r'pA-rAte r. a. (91)- To unite in one mass or sub stance. CoKcoRPORATiow, k&n-kAr-po-p4'- aVifkn. s. UnioQ in one mass. CoKcoiTRSR, k6ng'kAr8e. s. (408) The confluence of many persons or things; ^e persons assembled ; the point of junc- tion or intersection of two bodies. CoHCRBJ€ATioM,k6ng-kri-inA'8hiln.s The act of burning together. CoNCREMENT, k&ng'kr6-m6nt. s. (408). The mskss formed by concretion. CoNCRESCRNSK, k6n-kr^s's^nse. s The act or quality of growing by the union of separate particles. To CoNCRETR, k6n-kr^te'. v. n. To coalesce into one mass. ToC^oscRETE, koQ-kr^te'. v. a. To form by concretion. CoHC RETE, k6n-kr6te'. a.(408) . Form- ed by concretion ; in logick, not abstract, appfied to a subject.— See Discrete. CoKCRETE, kftng'kr^te. s. (408). A mass formed by concretion. CoMCRETELT, k6n-kr6te16. ad. In a manner including the subject witli the predicate. CoxcRETEiTBSs, k6n-kr&tc'n48. s. Co- agnlatkNi, odlection of fluids into a solid Cov€RKTiOK> k4n-kr6^8h(kn. «. The act of concreting, coalition; the mass form- ed by a coalition of separate particles. * CoiiCRETivE,k6n-kr6'tlv.a. Coagula- tire. CoivcRETURE, k6n-kr4'tsb6re. ft. (46lf. A mass formed by coagulation. CoHc UBiH AGB, k&n-kA'b^-n4Je . 8.(9 1 ). The act ofUving wit& a "woman not mained- Concubine, k6ng1i{i-bine. s. (408). A woman kept in fornication, a whore. (Cj* Anciently this word sigtiii^ed a woman who was married, but who had no legal claim to any part of the husband's property. To CoNcuLCATEy kdn-kA^kAte. v. a. To tread or trample under foot CoNcuLCATiON, k6ng-kArk4-shAn. s« (408). Trampling with the feet Concupiscence, k6n-kiLi'p^-8^nsc. s. (510). Irregular desire, libidinous wish. Concupiscent, k6n-k(i'p£-s^nt. a. Libidinous, lecherous. CoNc u Pisc ENTi A L, k6n-kii-p^-s^n'- shdl. a. Relating to concupiscence. CoNcupisciBLE, k6n-k^'p^-s£-bl. a. Impressing desire. To Concur, k6n-kAr'. v.n. (408). To I meet in one point ; to agree, to join in one action ; to be united witb, to be conjoin. ed ; to contribute to one common event. Concurrence, k6n-kAr 'r^nse . Concurrency, k6n-kiir'r^n-8i. Union, association, conjunction ; combina- tion of many agents or circumstances ; as- sistance, help ; joint right, common claim. Concurrent, k6n-kur'r^nt a. Acting in conjunction, concomitant in agency. Concurrent, k6n-kAr'r^nt. s. That which concurs. Concussion, kon-k^sh'An. s. The act of shaking, ti*emefaction. CoNcussivE, kon-kAs'slv. a. Having the power or quality of shaking. To Condemn, kon-ddm'. v. a. To find guilty, to doom to punishment ; to ccn- sm'e, to blame. CoNDEMNABLE, k6n-d&m'nd4)l. a. Blame able, culpable. Condemnation, k6n-ddm-n4'sh{in. s. The sentence by which any one is doom- ed to pimishment. CoNDEMNATORY,k6n-d4m'nd-tfir-6.a* Passing a sentence of condemnation.— See Domestic (512). CoNDEMNER, k6n-ciem'niir. s. (^H)* A blamer, acensurer. Condensable, k6n-d^n'sili-bl. a. That which is capable of condensation. To Condensate, k6n-d^n'site. v. a. (91). To make tliicker. To Condensate, k6n-dfin's&te. ▼. n. To grow thick. Condensate, k6n-d^n'site, a. (91). Made thick, compressed into less space. Condensation, k6n-d6n-s4'shAn. a. The act of thickening any body ; opposite to rarefaction. CON 300 c o» 87" (559).— Fitc, Rir, flOI, £ilt;~ixi^, mit j-^be, pLi;^ * To CoKDENSE, k6Q-d^n8e^ v. a. To and To moke any body more thick, close, weighty. To Condense, kAn-ddnse^ v. n. grow close and weig^hty. Co NDENSE, k6D-ddnse^ a. Thick, dense } Condenser, k6n-d^n'sdr. s. A vessel, wherein to crowd the air. CoNDENsiTV, k6n-ddn's^-t^. s. The state of being condensed. To Condescend, k6n•d6-s^nd^ v. n. To depart from the privileges of superio- rity ; to consent to do more tlian mere jus. tice can require ; to stoop, to bend, to yield. Condescendence, k6n-d6-s^nMdnse. s. Voluntary submisdon. Condescendingly, k6n-d£-'S^nd%g- 16. ad. By way of voluntary humilia- tion, by way of kind concession. ^ Condescension, kdn-d^-sdn'shtin. s. Voluntary humiliation, descent from su- periority.—See To Collect. XoNDEscENSiVE, k6n-d6-s6n'slv. a. Courteous. Condign, k6n•dtne^ a. (385). Suitable, deserved, merited. CoNDiONNESS, k6n-dine'nds. s. Suit- ableness, agreeableness to deserts. CoNDiGNLT, k6n-dine16. ad. Deserv- edly, according to merit. Condiment, k6n'd6-m6nt. s. Season- ing, sauce. CoNDisciFLE, k&n-dls-si'pl. s. A school-fellow. ToCoNDiTE, k6n-dlte'. v.a. Topickle, to preserve by salta. Condition^ k6nHdish'(^. s. Quality, that by which any thing is denominated good or bad ; natut'al quality of the mind, temper, temperament; state, circum- stances s rank ; stipulation, terms of com- pact. Conditional, k6n-dlsh'An-&l. a. By ' way of stipulatuniy not absolute. CoNDiTioNALiTY, k6n-dish-<&-A-nil'^. t6. s. Limitation by certain terms. Condition A LLY,k6n-dlsh^An-4l-^. ad. With certain limitations, on particujler terms. Conditionary, kdn-dlsh'dn-i-r^. a. Stipulated. CoNDiTioNATE, k6n.dlsh'^-6-nite. a* Established on certain terms. Conditioned, kon-dlsh'dnd. a. Hav- ing qualities or properties good or bad. To Condole, k6n-d6le'. v. n. To la- ment with those that are in misfortune. To Condole, k&n-d&fe'. v. a. To be- wail with another. , Condolement, k6n-d6lc'ro*nt. s, - . Grief, sorrow. T.Condolence, k6n-d61diise« s. Grieis ■^ ibr the sorrows of another. CoNDOLER, k6n-dA1^. s. One that compliments another upon his misfortunes. Condonation, k6n-d&-nA'sh^. s. A. pardoning, a forgivina^. To Conduce, kon-dose'. v. n. To pro- mote an end, to contribute to. Conducible, k6n-di!i^8^-bl. a. Having the power of concluding. CoNDuciBLENEss, k6n-d(k'sMl-n^ s. The quali^ of contributing to any end. Conducive, k6n-d(l'slv. a. Thatwhich may contributed any end. Conduciveness, k6n-dA'slv-n^ s. The quality of conducing. Conduct, k6n'dfikt. s. f*92). Manage- ment, (economy ; the act ofleading troops ; convoy i a warrant by which a convoy ii appointed ; behaviour, regular Ufe. To Conduct, k6n-dAkt . v. a. To lead, to direct, to accompany in order to show the way ; to attend in civility ; to manage, as to conduct an affair ; to head an army. CoNDvcTiTioua, kdnnlAk-tlsh'ids. s. Hired. Conductor, kon-ddk'tiftr. s. (418). A leader, one who shows another the way by accompanying him ; a chief, general ; a manager, a director ; an instrument to direct the knife in cutting for the stone. Conductress, k6n'dtik'tr^. s, A wo- man that directs. Conduit, kAn'dit.s.(165)(34l).Aca- nal of pipes for the conveyance of wateis ; the pipe or cock at which water is drawn. CoNDUFLiOATiON, k6n-d6-pl6-k&'- sh(h). s. A doul^llng^ a duplicate. Cone, kine. s. A solid body, of which the base is a circle, and which ends in a point ToCoNFABULATE,k6n-iab'WAte.v.n. To talk easily together, to chat. CoN$-ABULATioN,k6n-£lb-i&-ld'shi!b.8. Ea^y conversation. CoNFABULATORY, k6n-fah'u-U-tftr-^. a. (512). Belonging to talk.-^ee Do- mestic CoNFARREATioN, kdn-fSr-r^-i'sh^in. B. The solemnization of marriage by eat- ing bread together. ToCoNFBCT,k6n-f(Skt',v.a. To make up into 8weetm«at0. CO N 30J C O 1* •MiiAy-mAfe) ndr, n&t^-^fibe^ ti^b^ bJUl;-*^il;«»p6{iiid;— -rAin,' this. CovrecT) k6n'fi&kt. S. (492), A sweet- (C?; Dr. Kenrick Myy, this word is some- times, but improperly accented on the first tyll&ble ; but it maybe observed, tlutihis impropriety is become so imiversal, tb.at not one ^ho has the least pretension to politeness dares to pronounce itotherwisc. It is, indeed, to be regretted, that we are so fond of Latin originals as entii-ely to neg-lect our own ; for this word can now have the accent on the second syllable, only when it means one who confesses hif crimes ; a sense in which it is scarcely ever used. Mr. Sl^eridan and Entick have the accent on the first syllable of this word, Mr. Scott on the first and second ; Dr* Johnson, Mr. Perr\', Buchanan, W. John- ston, Ash, Bailey, and Smith, on the se- cond : but notwithstanding Uiis weight of authority, the best usage is certainly on the other side. CoNFEST, kon-f^st', a. Open,knowny not concealed. Cj* Dr- Kenrick tells us, that this is a poe- tical word for Confested: and, indeed, we frequently find it so written by Pope and others : "This clue thus found unravels all the rest; "The prospect clean, and Clodio stands " confest." But that this is a mere compliance with the prejudices of the eye, and that there is not the least necessity for departing from the common spelling, see Principles of English Pronunciation, No. 360. CoNFE8TLY,k6n-f(&st16. ad. Indisputa- bly, properly Confessedly (364). CoNFiDANT,k6n-f^-dant'. 8. Apcrson trusted with private affairs. 03* This woi^, very unlike most others froni the same source, has been mndc to alter its French orthograpliy, in order to ap- proach a little nearer to the English pro- nunciation of it. Some affected speakers on the stage pronounce the first syllable like cone^ as it is marked in the first edition of Mr. Sheridan's Dictionary ; and this is perfectly of a piece witli the affectation which has altered the spelling of tlie last- By Drj'den and Soutli, as quoted by Pr. Johnson, we find this word spelled like the adiective confident! and it is more than probable that its French pronunciation is but of late date ; but so imiversal is its use at present, that a greater mark of rusticity cannot be given than to place the accent on the first syllable, and to pronounce the last dent instead of dant. ToCoNFiDE,k6n-flde'. vjn. To trust in. Confidence, k6n'f(ft-ddnse.s. Firm be- lief of another ; trust in his own abilities or fortune ; vittous boldness, opposed to Y Co-vFECTiow»k6n-ftk'»hto. 8. Apre- paratioa of fruit with sugar, sweetmeat ; a composition^ a mixture. Confectionary, k6n-fERATE,k6n-£&d'^r-4te. a. (9 1 ). United in a league. Confederate, kftn-fid'er-4te. s. One who engages to support another, an ally. Confederation, k6n-f(&d-dr-A'shiin« s. Leagne^ alliance. To Confer, k6n-f5r'. v. n. To dis- course with another upon a stated subject, to conduce to. To Confer, k&n-fSr'. v. a. To com- pare ; to give, to bestow. Conference, kdn'f&r-^nse. s. (503). FiMmal discouiae, oral discussion of any question ; an appointed meeting for dis- €xariRg some {mini ; comparison. In this last sense littfe used. Conferreb, k6n-f&r'Ar. s. He that oonfisTB ; 1|e that bestows. To Confess, k6n-fi&s'. v. a. To ac- knowledge a crime ; to disclose the state of the conscience to the priest ; to bear the Gonfessian of a penitent, as a priest; to own, to a:vow ; to grant. To Confess, k6n-f^s'. v. n. To make confession, as he is gone to the priest to coniess. Confessedly, k^-fis's^d-l^, ad. (364). Avowedly, indisputably. Confession^ k6n-f^sh'dn. s. The ac- knowicdgmcnt of a crime; the act of disburdening the conscience to a priest; a formulary in which the articles of faith sre comprised. CoNFEssiONAL,k6n-fSsh'i'in-4l. s. The sest in -which the confessor sits. CoNFEssroNART, k6n-fi5sh'iin-d-r6. s The seat wBere the priest sits to hear confessions. Confessor, k6n'f^s-s5r. 9« One who makes pegfesbion of his faith in the fftce of ^Vnger; he that hears confessions, and pMei^ci penance ; he who cohfcsses bis crimes. c o:j^ 30i COM 07^ (559).— Fite, far, All, fit ;— mi, mit ;— phie, pin ;— modesty ; honest boldiie89, firmness of in- tegrity } trust in the goodness of another. Confident, k6n'f(feHd6nt. a. Assured beyond doubt ; positive, dogmatical ; se- cure of success J without suspicion, trust- ing without iiraits ; bold to a vice, im- . pudent. . Confident, k6n'f restraint of liberty. CoNFiNER, k^D'^f 1-ni^r. s. A borderer, one that lives upon confines ; one which touches upon Xwo diflTerent regions. CoNFiNiTY,k6n-fln'i-td. s. Nearness. To Confirm, k6n-ftrm'. v. a. (108). To put past doubt by new evidence ; to settle, to establish ; to strengthen by new 9olenmities or ties ; to admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by imposition of hands. Confirm ABLE, k6n.f(b-'mi-bl. a. That which is capable of incontestible evidence. CpsTFiAMAtiovy k&n-f&r-mi^shAn. &• The act of esiiibllstiing afty things or p^- son, evidence, additional proof; an ec- clesiastical rite. Confirm ATOR,k6n*f^m4'tAr«.s« An attester, he Uiat puts a matter past doubt. Confirmatory, k^-f&rm'l-tAr*^. a« Giving adctitional testimony.— See Do- mestic (512). Confirmednbss, k6n«f(hin'M.'-ikfta« $• Confirmed state. 03* This word oug^tto be added to those taken notice of— Prin. No. (365). CoNFiRMER,k6n-fi&mi'(ir. 8. One that confirms, an attester, an eatablisher. Confiscable, k6n-fb1iA-fal. a* Liable to finrfeiture. ToCoNFi8CATE,k&n-fla^kAte.y.a. To transfer private property to the pubUck, by way of penal^. Confiscate, k6n-fls1dte« a. Trans- ferred to the publick as forfeit. Cl/' Dr- Kenrick blames Dr. Johnson for ac- centiBf this word on the second syllablct when 3ie example he brings from Shake- speare accents it on the first ; but it may be observedjthat as the verb ought to have Ihc accent on the second syllabic, the adjec- tive, which is derived from it, ought to have the accent on the sune syllable like- wise \ and the ezan^e from Shakespeare must be looked upon as apoetical license. Confiscation, k6n-n6-k&'shibi. s. The act oftransferrinpthe forfeited goods of criminals to publick use. Confitant, k6n'f(ft-tdint. s. One con- fessing. CoNFiTCRE, k6n'a-tshAre. 8. (461). A sweetmeat, a confection. ToCbNFix,k6n.fik8'.v.a. Tofixdown. CoNFLAORANT, k6n-fl4'grant a. In- volved in a general fire. Conflagration, k6n-fl4-^rd'sbun. s. A general fire : it is taken for the fire which shall consume this world at the consummation. Conflation, k6n-fl4'shCin. s. The act of blowing many instruments toge- ther; a casting or melting of metal CoNFLExuR£,k6n*fi^k'&^re. s.(452). A bending. To Conflict, kon-fUkt'. v. n. To contest', to stru^e. Conflict, kAnmt, s- (493). A violent collision, or opposition; a combat, strife, contention ; stniggley agooy. CoNFLUENCB, kto'flft.&se. s. The junction or union of several streaias t tbe act of crowding to a place ; a concvwnc i a multitude. CON 30$ CON ,^4ib, JoAvr, ndr, nfitj-^Abe, tdb, bUl;— 6il;— pAAnd; Min, this Como^yr, k6Q'a&-tot. a. RuniuDg one into aiio^er, meetiog- lected. ^ C0VPOX.1C9 kiDp-form ero^vd» multitude col- Assuming the same fbrm, resembliiur. To CowFOiBLM, k6n-f6rm\ v. a. To re- duce to the Ukc appearance with some- thn^ebe. To Conform, k6o^{6rm\ v.n. To oompl^r with. Cow»oRMiLBL»,k&ii-f6r'ma-bl. a. Hav^ in^ the same fonn, similar; agreeable, sStable ; com^ant, obsequioufl. CoMFOHMABLY, k&n-f6r'm4-bW. ad With conlarmity, ratably, ComroRMATioH, k&n-fdr-mA'ahda. s The form of things as relaiing to each other ; the act of prodiifiing suitableness, or conlannity. ConroRuisTf kte-f&r'mlst s. One that complxes with the worship of the ChmrehofEiigland. , CoXFeuiUTT, kftn-fAr'mMi. S. Simi- litude, resemblance ; consistency. To CoKFOunD, kdn-fAAnd'. v. a. To mingle things; to perplex; tothrowinto consternation ; to astonish, to stupify ; to destroy. CoKjrouKDED, k6n-f6to'dM. par. a. Hateful, detestable. CoKFouMDEDLY, k6n-fttin'dM-lA. ad. Hatefutty, shamefiilly. C0HFOUVDBR9 k&n-ftto'd&r. s. He who ^aturbs» perplexes, or destroys. CoKFR ATBRKiTY, kdn-frft-tir nfi^^. 8. A body of men united for some religious CoKFRXCATiox, k6n4ri-k4'shfin. s l*e act of nibbiog against any thing. To CoKFROXT, k6n-fr6nt'. ▼. a. To stand i^unstanother infill! view ; to stand face to face, in opposition to another ; to oppose one evidence to another in open court ; to compare one thin^ with another. nrt* In coOocraial pronunciation this word has iU last syllable sounded like the Lost of tffrme, but the second sj^Uble of eon> JroHtatian ongbft^never to be so pronounc- eunded bodies. CoNGLUTiNATivE, k6n-gWt6»ni-tiv. a. (91). Haying the power of uniting wounds. CoNGLUTiN ATOR, k6n-gli't6-ni-tAr. s. (520 (166). That which hjis the power of uniting wounds. CoNGRATULANT, kon-gritsh^&>l^t. a. (461). Rejoicing in participation. ToCoNGRATULATEjtdn-gritsh'A-lAte ▼. a. (461). To compliinent upon any hap- py event ToCoNGRATULATE,k6n-gr4tsfi'6-lite. V. n. (461). To rejoice in participation. Congratulation, k&n-grdt6h-6-IA'- shiin^^s. (462). The act of professing joy for the happiness or success of ano* ther ; the form in which joy is professed. Congratulatory, k6n*gritsh'6-U- tflr-6. a. ^5 12). Expressing joy for the good of another. To CoNOREBT, k6n.gr^^ v. n. To salute reciprocally. > To Congregate, k&ng'gr^-g&te. v. a. (408). To collect, to assemble,, to bring into one place. To Congregate, k&ng'gr^ftte. v. n. To assemble, to meet. Congregate, k6ng'gr^4te. a. (91). Collected, compact Congregation, k6iig-gr^-g4'8hdn. s. (408). A collection, a mass of various matters brou^t tOfl;ether « an assembly . met to worship God in publick. Co ng REG ATI oif A L,k6ng^gr^-g&'shdn- ndl. a. (88). Publick, pertaining to a congregation. Congress, k6ng'gr^8. s. (408). A meeting, a shock, a confiict { an appointed meeting for settlement of affairs between different nations ; an assembly of Dele- gates. Comgressive, k&n-^prSs'siv, a. Meet- ing, encountering. CoNGRUENC£,kong^glr&-^nse. s. (408). Ag^ement, suitableness of one ^ingto another. Congruent, k6ng^gr&-^nt. a. Agree- ing, correspondent CoNGRuiTY, k6n-grA'M^. s. (408). Suitableness, agreeableness ; fitness s con- sistency. CoifGRUMENr,k6ng'gr{i-m&it.s. Fit- ness, adaptation. Congruous, k6ng'gr&-i&s. a. Agree- able to, consistent with; suitable to. Congruously, k6ng^gr&-(is-l^. ad« Suitably, pertinently. Conical, kAn'ikil.? .^^^^ „ CoNicK,k6n'ik. J a. (509). Hav- ing the form of a cone. (D* The 0 in the first syllable of this word IS pronounced short, Plough it is kmg in its primitive conct if wc may be allowed to call cone its primitive, and not the Latin Conut and Greek K«focs in both which the 0 IS lone : but Comttt or KtTsiec, whence the learned oblige us to derive our Cbwc, or Conical f have the o as short as in the English words, and serve to corroborate the opinion of Bishop Hare with respect to the shortening power of the Latin ante- penultimate accent (537). CoNicALLY, k6n'^.k&I-^. ad. Inform of a cone. CoNiCALNEss, k6n'^-k4j-n^8. s. The state or quality of being oonica). CoNicKSxcTioNs,kdirik-s^^8h(i(nz. \ CoNicKs, k6n'ik8. J I. That part of geometry which considers CON S05 CON wifej bAt, Bit;— ttoc titt), MOl — 411 ;— p^find j— Min, this. teoone, and the curves arising from its ioBCtions. ToCoNjKCT,k4n.j«kt'. v,n.Tog;ucM, to ooDJeGtiire. Not used. CoKjECTOR, k&n-}^k't6r. s. (166). A giiesKr, a conjecturer. ConjECTUR ABLE,k6ii-j^k'tsh(i-ra-bl. a. (461). Posaible to be guessed. CoMjECTURALjk&n-iw^Bhd-rW. a. De- pendiagf on conjecture. ^ CovjseTURALXTYy kAn-jik-tshu-riU i- tA. 8. That which depends upon guess. CoRjKCTtJRALLT, kAn-j^k'tshii-ral-4. «a. By guess, by eonjectifl^. Co¥3 KCBTURK, k&n*j6k'tsh{ire. s. (46 1). Guess, 'uapezkcl knowledge. To CoiijECTii&E, k&Q-jek^sh^hre. t. a. To guessy to judge by guess. Conjecturer, k6n-j&'ishfir-4r. s. A guesser. ContTEROvs, k6-nlf*-i^a5 a.'' Such trees are coniferous as bear a fruit of a W>ody 8Ubstaifee,and a figure approaching tothatof acone. Ofthiskhid are, fir, pine. To CoRjoiK, k6n-j6in'. v. a. To unite, toconscdidate into one ; to unite in mar- riag^ ; to associate, to connect. To CoHjoiK, k6n-j61n'. v. n. To league, to unite. Co»joiKT, kdn-j^bit'. a. United, con- nected« CoRjoixTLY,k&n-j6!nt1A.ad. In union, together. Cow JUG At, kAn'jA-gU. a. Matnmoni- al, belonging to marriage. CoHjucALLY,k6n'j6-gal-6. ad. Matn- momally, connulMally. To Conjugate, k6n'ji-gite. v. a. (91). To join, to jdhi m marriage, to unite; to mflect verbs. CoNjuGATiow,k6n-ji-gi'8hAn. s. The act of uniting or compiling things ti^- ther; the fijrm of inflecting verbs; union, aaaemblti^. CoKjuHcr, k6n-jAnkt'. a. Conjomed, concurreirt, united. CowjuifCTioK,k6n-]dnk'shdn.s.Union, asaoiiaikm, league ; the congress of two ]xbuiets in the same degree of the zodi- ack ; one of the parts of speech, whose use is to join words or sentences together, ConjuwcTivEjkto-jftnk'tiv. a. Closely muled; in grammar, the mood of a verb. CowjuRCTivELY, kAn-jiuk'tlv-W. ad. hftumoa. CowjcKCTivEHBSS, kon-j&ik'tlv-n^s. s. The ^oality of joining or uniting. Bom Conjunctly, k6n-jOaikt16. ad. Joint- lyf together. Conjunct QBE, k6n-jilnk't^&re. s. Combination of many circumstances ; oc- casion, critical time. Conjuration, k6n-j&-r&'shAn. s. The form or act of summoning another in some sacred name; an incantation, an enchantment : a plot, a conspiracy. To Conjure, k6n-j^^ v. a. To sum- mon in a sacred name ; to conspire. To Conjure, ktin^jir. v.n. (495). Te practise charms or enchantments. Conjurer, kAn'jdr-fir. s. (165). An impostor who pretends to secret arts, a cunning man; a man of shrewd conjecture. CoNjuREMENT, k6n-jiLire'm^nt. s. Se- rious injunction. CoNNAscENCE, k6n-nds^s^nae. a. Com- mon birth, community of birth. Connate, k6n-n&te^ a. (91), with another. Connatural, k6n-n&tsh'&-rdl. a. (461). Suitable to nature ; connected by nature ; participation of the same nature. CoNNATURALiTY,k6n-n4tsh'6-rdl-^-ti. s. (462). Participation ofthe same nature, CoNNATUR ALLY,k6n-nitsh-&-r&l'£. ad. By the act of nature, orinnallv. C oNN ATtJR ALN ESS, kon-natsh'&*ril- nis. s. Participation of the same na- ture, natural unk>n. To Connect, k6n-n^kt'. y. tu To jcrin, to link ; to unite, as a cement; to join in a just series of thought, as the author connects his reasons well. T* Connect, kon^ifikt'. t. n. To co- here, to have jnst relation to things pne- cedent and subsequent CoNNECTivELY,k6n-n^k'tlv-lc, ad. In conjunction, in union. ToCoNNEx, k6n-n^ks'. v. a* To join or link together. Connexion, k6n-n£k'shdn. s. Union, junction ; just relation to something pre- cedent or subsequent, CoNNExivE, k6n.n^ks'iv. a. Having the force of connexion. Connivance, k6n-ni'vanse. s. Volun-« tary blindness, pretended ignorance, for- bearance, fo Connive, kon-nive'. v.n. To wink j to pretend blindness or ignorance. Connoisseur, k6-n6s-sai-e\ s. A judge, a critick- fCT* 'r^^**^ word is perfectly French, and though in very general use^ is not natural- ized. The pronunciation of it given here i» CON 306 CON 07* (559).— F4te, f4r, f^l, fit;— m^ m^t;-^piiie» jAi; but a very av«% ward one, but, peiliaps, as good a one as we have letters in our lan- guage to express it ; for the French eu is not to be found among any of our English Towel or diphthongal sounds. To Connotate, k6n'n6-tAte. v. a. To designate something besides itsellT. Connotation, k6n-n6-ti'sh{in. s. Im- plication of something besides itself. To Connote, kon-note'. v. a. To im- ply, to betoken, to include. CoNNUBiAL,k6n-ni!i'b^-il.a. Matrimo- nial, nuptial, conjugal. Conoid, k6'n6id. s. A 'figure partak- ing of a cone. CoNOimcAL, k6-n6rd^-kal. a. Ap- proaching to a conick form. ToCoNQUAssATE,k6n-kw48's4te. v.a. To shake, to aj^tate. CoNquASSATioN, kotig-kwis-si'shdii. s. (408). Agitation, concussion. To Conquer, k6nk'Ar, or k6n'kwtlbr. V. a. (415). To gain by conquest, to win ; to overcome, to subdue ; to surmount K7* Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, and W. Joluiston, have adopted the iirst pronunciation of tliis word ; but as it is a wanton departure from our own ana- logy to that of the French, and is a much Jiarshcr sound than the second, it were to be wished it could be reclaimed ; but as it is in full possession of the stage, tliere is but little iiope of a cliange. To CoNquER, k6nk'i\r. v. n. To get to victory, to overcome. CoNqtJERABLE, k6nk'iir-4-h|. a. Pos- sible to be overcome. CoNqiTEROR, konk'dr-ilr. s. (415). A man that has obtained a victory, a victor ; one that subdues countries. CoNQUEST,k6ng'kwfist. s.(408) (415). The act of conquering, subjection; acqui- sition bjr victory, thuig gained ; victory, success in arms. Consanguineous, k6n-s4ng-gw!n'n^- tis. a. Near of Idn, related by birth, not affined by marriage. Consanguinity, k6n-s4ng-gwln'6-t6. 8. Relation by blood. CoNSARciNATioN,k6n.s&r-s^-ni'shtin. s. The act of patching together. CoNsciENCE,k6n'sheij8e.s.(357).The knowlcnscripti. Conscription, k6n-3krlp'6h^.s. An enrolling. To Consecrate, k&n'sd:-kr&te. v. a. To make sacred, to appropriate to i»cred uses ; to dedicate inviolably to some par- ticular purpose ; to canonize. Consecrate, kon's^-kr&te. a. (91). Consecrated, sacred. CoNSECRATER, k6n'st:-kri-tAr. s. One that performs t^ rites by which any tiling is devoted to sacred purposes. Consecration, k6n-s^-ki*^'shdn. s. A rite of dedicating to the service of God ; the act of declaring one holy. CoNSECTARY,k6n'sSk-ti-r^. a. Conse- quent, consequential. CoNSECTARY, kin's^k-ta-re. s. (512). Deduction fit>m premises, corollary. Consecution, k6n-s^-kA'sh(bi* s. Train of consequences, chain of deduc- tions ; succession ; in astronomy, the month of consecution is the space be- tween one conjunction of the moon with 'the sun into another. Consecutive, k6n-s^k'k(l-tlv« a. Fol- lowing in train ; consequential^ regularly succeeding. To CoNSKMiNATEjkon-s^m'i-nAte. v. a. To sow different seeds together. t: O N S07 CON ^^n&j w&fey ndr, n&t;«*4&be, tikb, b611;— 611; p6i!ind; — rAin, thiji. CovtBirsioir^ k6ti-«te'8hAii« a. Agree- meoty accord. CoxsBNT}kdn-4^Dt'.6. The act of yield- ing- or ccmflentiiig ; concord, agreement -, coherence with, correspondence ; tenden. cf to one point ; the perception one p«rt has of another, by means ot some fibres and nenrea common to them both. To CoMSEBTT, k6n•«dnt^ v. n. To agree to ; to co-operate with. CovftEKT AK£ou89 k6n-sdn-t&^n^-(ks. a. Agreeable to, consistent with. CONSSMTASSOUSLY, k6D-s^-tA'n^- ta^At^ ad. Agreeably, consistently, vuitAbly. CoHSKWTAKiLOTJsiSKss, k6n-«^n-t&'n^- ibi-n^s. s. Agreement, consistence. CoKSBNTiENT, k^n-ftto'sh^-^t. a. Agreeing, umted in opinion. CoMSKquENcs^kon's^-kw^nse.s.That -orhich follows fSt)m any cause or principle ; deduction, conclusion ; conl- n^s. s. (555). Importance, value, a claim to notice. C o ns I D ER A B L Y, . k6n-3ld'dr4-bl^ . ad* In a degree deserving notice ; important- ly- CoNsiDERANCE, k6n-sld' CoNsoNANCY, k6n's6-ndn-s^. 3 *" Accord of sound; consistency, eongni- ence ; agreement, concord. Consonant^ k6n^s6-nant. a. . (503). Agreeable, according, 'consistent Consonant, k&n'sA-nint. s. A letter \vhich cannot be sounded by itself. Consonantly, k6n's6.nint*l^« ad. Consistently, agreeably. CoNsoNANTNEss, k6n'sA-nint-nds. s. Agreeableness, consistency. CoNsoKOus, k6n's6-nias. a. . (503). Agreeing in sound, symphonious. CoNsopiATioN, kAn-a&-pA.A'shto. s. The act of laying to sleep. Consort, k6n's6rt. s. (492). Compa- nion, partner ; a number of instrument! playing together, more properly written Concert ; concurrence, union. To Consort, k6n-sdrt'. v. n. To asso- ciate with. To Consort, k6n-s6rt^ v. a. To join, to mix, to marry. He with bis consorted Eve. ^o accompany. CoNsoRTABLE,k6n-s6i''ta-bl. a. To be compai-ed with, suitable. CoNsoRTiON, k6n-s6r'shAn. a* Part- nership, society. CoKspECTABLE, k6n-sp£k'ta-bl. a. Ea» sy to-be seen, CoNSPECTuiTY, k6n-sp^k-ti'i-t6. s. S^nse of seeing. Not used. CoKSPERsiON, k^-^r'sh&n. s. A sprinkling about CoNsPicuiTYj kdn-spWci'^-t^. s. Brightness, obviouAness to the sight. Conspicuous, k6iwp!k'Ms. a. Ob- CON 809 c o>^ tt^ iBd?e, aAr, n*t;*4*ibe, tftb, b^ll ;— 611 ;— p6tad ;— //nn, thi?. nooitpdie 9i^t« seen at^sunce ( emi- ntttt, distin^isbed. Co vsFi c uo o sL Y, k6n^pik'6-{b-l^. ad. Obrioiuly to the view; enuDeiitly» re- mvkably. C0K8 PI c u o u s N Ks B, k&ti'*sp!k^6*i!^s«n^ «. Exposure to the view; eminence, cekbrity. CoxspikAcr, k6n-s5)lr'd-s^. s. (109). A plot, a conccrtc^d IreasOn ; an agree- tneot <^ men to do any thing, in an evil flense ; tendency of many causes to one tvent. CdkspXrast, k^h-spi'rant. Si. En- fC^i^d in a conspiracy, plotttng. C0KSPIB.AT10M, kon-sp^r&'shfin. s. A plot. CoNSPijL ATOR,k6n-spV4»-tiir s. ( 1 10) A man engaged in a plot; a plotter. To Co NSPi K ft, k6n-«pire'. v. n. To con- cert a crime, to plot; to a^c together, as all tilmgs conspire to mdce him happy Co Ns PI R K R, k6n-spl'r6r. s. A conspi- rator, a plotter. Cos&TABLB, ktWsti-bl. s. (165). A peafce ofBcer, formerly one of the officers of the slal^. CoNSTABLEsHiP, k(in'sta-bl-shlp. s. The office of a constable. Constancy, k&n'^tishi s. Unalter- able continuance, consistency, unvaried state ; resoiution, steadiness ; lasting af- fection. CoysTAST, k(^n-3tAnt. a. Firm, not fluid ; tmvaric^, imchanged ; firm, reso- lute, free from change of frffectioih; cer- tain, not various.' CojfSTAKTLY, k6n^atant-l^. ad. Un- variably, perpetually, ccilainly, steadily. To CoKSTEi.LATE,''k6n-3t6l'lMe, v. n. To shine witli one general light. To Constellate, koB-^terlite. v. a. To unite several shining bodies in imc spletidoulTt Constellation, k&n-st^-l-ld'sbian. s. A chiste^ a. lired in the constitution, radical; con* sistent with the constitution, legal. Constitutive, k6n'st^-tij-tiv. a. Ele- mental, essential, productive ; having the power to enact or establish. To Constrain, k&n-str4ne'. v. a. To compel, to force to some action ; to hin- der by force ; to necessitate ; to con&ie^ to press. Constraikablb, k6n-ilr4'n4-b!. a- Liable to constraint Constrainer, k^-str4'n4r. s. He- that constiains. Constraint, kon-atr&nt'. 8. Compul- sion, violence, confinement. To Constrict, k6fn-st^lkt^ v. a. To bind, to cramp ; to contract, to cause to, shrink. Constriction, kon-strlk'shAn. s.. Contraction, compressioh. Constrictor, k6n-strlk'tAr. s. (166). That which compresses or contracts. To CONSTRiNGE, kon-sttlnje'. v. a. To compress, to contract, to bind. CoN8TRlNGENT,k6n-strin'j^nt. a. Hav- ing the quality of binding or compressing. To Construct, k6n-str^kt^ Vi a. To build, to form. Construction, k6h-striik'sh(ln. s. The act of building ; the form of build- ing, structure 5 the putting of ii^rds to-' gether in such a manner as to convey a complete sense ; the act of interpretirl|;-, explanation; the sense, ihk meaning » the manner of describing k figure m geometry. CoNSTRucTURE, k6n-strfik'tsji6re. s. (461). Pile] edifice, fabrick. To Construe, kon'strd, or k&n'stdr. V. a. To i;it?ipret, to expljun- Z C O 1^ 310 to N 37* (559).— F4te, far, fill, fit i^m^^ mtt ;-*irfiie, p!n ?^ O^lt a is scandal to seminaries of leanunr that the latter prominciation of this word should prerail there. Those ^o ought to be the guardians of propriety are often the. perverters of it Hence Ac^dence for Acci- dettUt I^po9tor for Firepotitor, and Qnutur for Gmttrue / for it must be carefully not- edy ^at this last word is under a difier- ent predicament from thoscwhich end with r and mute e : here the vowel « must have its long sound, as in the word tnte i this letter cannot be sunk or trans< posed like e in Centre^ Sceptre^ &c. To CoNSTUPRATB, k6n'stii-pr4tc. v.a. To violate, to debauch, to defile. CoNSTUPRATioN, k6n-stii-pri'8hl* i nis. s. The state of being contemp- tible ; vileness, cheapness. ' Contemptibly, k6n-tdm^*-bW. ad. Meanly, in a manner deserving contempt. Contemptuous, k6n-tim'tshAo&s. a, (461). Scornful, apt to despise. Contemptuously, k^n-^dm'tshft-As* 1^. ad. With scorn, with despite. CoNTEMPTUousNEss, fc6n-t^^tshft« As-n£s. 8. Disposition to contempt. To Contend, k6n-t^nd'. v. n. To strive, to stnij^e in opfRMition ; to vie, to act in emulation. To Contend, k&n4£iid'. ▼.«. Todis* pute any things to caite«t Contendent, k6n-tSn'd^nt. s. Anta- gonist, opponent. Contender, k6a«tdn'dAr. a. Com* batant, champion. Content, k6n-t£iit'. a. Sa;tisfiied id as not to repiae, ea^. To Content, kon*tint<. ▼. a. To sa^ tisfyao as to ftap eomplahit; ^ pM«e, to gratify. Content, k6n-tAnt'. a. Moderate hap- piness ; acquiescence ; that which is con- tained, or included in any thing ; the pow- er of containing, extent, canity ; that which is comprised in a writing ; in this sense used omy in the plural, and then it is sometimes accented on the first sylla- ble (493). Contented, k6n-tfin't4d. part. a. Sa- tisfied, at quiet, not repining. Contention, k6n-t£n'shi&ii. s. Strife, debate, contest ; emulation, endeavour tp exceL Contentious, k6n-tte'8hAs. a. Quar- relsome, given to debate, perverse. CON 313 coif ay (559)— Fdtc, fir, fill, f4t;-4»i, m(H;--plnc, pln,w Co^'TENTiousLY, kftn-t^'a^Qs-l^. ad. Pervcrsehr, quarreliomely. Contentiousness, k^n-t^n'sMs-n^s. 8. Pronenew to conUst. CoNTEXTLEss, k6n-tcnt'I^s. a. Dis- contented* dissatMed, uneasy. Contentment, k6n-ttot'm^nt. s. Ac- ' quiescence vithoitt plenary satisfaction, gratification. CoNTEBMiNova, k6n-tdr'm^-nAs. a. Bordering* upon. CoNTEHlt^N£ovs,k6B-t€r-rd'n6-t!^s. a. Of the same country. To Contest, k6n.t*»t'. v. a. (492). To dispute, tp controvei'^, to liti^te. T»Co^TESf,k6n-t^st'. v,n. Tostrive» to contend ; to lie, to emulate. Contest, k^n't^st. s. (492). Dispute, diffi^rence, debate. Contestable, k6n*t^s't&-bl« a. Dis- putable, conti'overtible. CoVtest A BLENEss, k6n-tds^ta-bl-nd's. 8. Possibility of content. To Context, ktSn-t6kst'. y. ^. Jo weave toyetlier. Context, kon't^kst. s. The general scries of a discourse. Context, k6n-t^kst'. a* Knit together, firm. Contexture, k6n-t^ks^h4re* s. - (461). The di8poaiti<>a of parts one among another, the system, the constitution. Continuation, k6n-tig-n4'8hdn. s. A finune of beams or boards joined to- gether; the act of framing or joining a fabric. CowTiGuiTT, k&n-td'g^'M£. 8. Actual contact, nearness of situation. ' CoMTiQuous, k6n-tlg'{i-(^s. a« Meet- ing so as to touch ; borderint CoNTiNENCY,k6n't^-n^n-s^. \ **' straint, command of one's self; chastity in general i forbearance of lawfiil plea- sure ; moderation in laMrfiil pleasures. Continent, k6n'te-nent. a. Chaste, ab^eraious in lawful pleasgxes ; restrainT cd, moderate, temperate. CoNTii^ENT, k6n't6-ntot, s. Land not disjoined by the sea from other lands ; , that which contains any thing. CPNTltiENTAL, kon-ti-n^Ht'al, adj. Relating to the Continent Re- To CoNTiNCE, k6n-t!nje'. ^. a. To touch, to reach. CoNjiNOENCE, k6n-tln'jiB9e. P Contingency, k^n-tm'j^n-s^. 5 ** The quality of being^fimi^to^s, scciden- tal possibility. Contingent, k6n-tin'jdnt. a. Falling out by chance, accidental. Contingent, k6n-tln'jtet. s. A thing in the hands of chance ; a proportion that fidls to any person upon a division. Contingently, k6n.tin'j^nM*. ad. Accidentally; without any settled role. Contingentness, kon-tin'jint-nis. s. Accidentalness. Continual, k6n-tln'6-il. a. Tncessacr, proceeding without intemiption ; in law^ a continual claim is made from time to time, within every year and day. Continually, k^n-tin'^-ii-li. ad. Without pause, without iutermption; without ceasing. CoNTiNUANCE,k6n-tin'u-5nie. a. Sue- ctssion uninterrupted} pennanenee in one state ; abode in a piace ; duration, lastingnes^ ; perseverance. Continuate, k6n-tm'fi-itc. a. (91). Immediately united i unintemipted, un- broken. * Continuation, kon-tin-i-i'shiin. s. Protraction, qr succession, tmintemipted. Continuative, k6n-tin'^4-tlv, s. An expression notingpermanence or duration. Continuator, k6n-tln-A-4^ftr. s. (521). He tliat continues pr kc^ps up the series of succession. To Continue, k6n-tln'6. v. d. To re- main m the same state ; to last, to be durable ; to pei-severe. To Continue, k6n-tfii'A. v. a. To p;potract, or repeat without intemiption ; to unite without s* chasm, or intervening substance. Cohtinurdly, kftn-tln'^-M-U. ad* Without intermption, withaniceasmg. CoNTiNUER,k^n-tln^L^^r«8; One that has the power of perseverance. CoNTiHUtTY, kte-t^-nft'^-tf. 8. Con- nexion, uninterrii^te'd' cohesion ; the tex- ture or cohesioft bf -tji parts'of ao animal body, CgNT;iNUous, k6p-tin'6-(is- a. Jomed together, without the biterwation of »uf space. ToContort, kon-tdiV. v. a. To tvnsU to writhe. Contortion, kon-t^shto. 5. T^rist, ■wry motion, flexure. CON SIS CON CojfTOUR, kon't66r, s. French, The (KtliJie, the line by which any figore u defined or ttTminated. CoxTR\BAKD» k*5n'tra4>4nd. a. (534). i^Qhibiied, iUega), unUwfU. Xo Contract, kon-trikt'. v. a. To drvw together, to shorten } to brin^ two parties together, to make a bargam ; to Detroth, to aHiance ; to get a habit of; to abridge, to epitomise. To CoKTKACT, k6n-trikt'. v. n. To shrink up, to grow short ; to bargain, as to contract for a. quantity of provisions. CoNTfLACT^ k6n'trslkt. s. (492). A bargain, a compact; an act whereby a man and woman are betrothed to one ano^er ; a writing in which the terms of a baigain are included. C^* ^r- Narcs, in his Eng^sh Ortlioepy, p. 338, has very ^perly criticised Dr. John- son's obserration on this word, where he saysy * Dr Johnson has accented this word *on the hist syilable, and has subjoined * this remark, •* anciently accented on the ♦fest.** It is evident that the whole arti- . 'de diduld be reversed : the word should ' stand with the accent on tl>e first, and 'the remark sboiM bej **anciently ac- ^ cented on the last" The justness of these obserraticMis wiU appear from the qUCtattOBi: «*Thia is the hand which, with a vow*d •* Was fast bek)ck'd in thaxe."— 5Aa^e#/ware. '* I did i and hu eontrdct wiUi Lady Lucy, ♦* And his contrdct by deputy'in Fran€e."-I&. But that the accent should now be placed on the first syllable, needs no proof but the ^ncral ear, and the general analogy of dissjilable nouns and verbs of the same form. (492> Coj?trAct£dxb969 kon-rtrak^t^d-iH^s, s. The state of being contracted. Cqxt&actibxlitt^ k<^-tr4k-t^4)ll'^-^ t£. %. Potability of being contracted. CoHTBACTtBLV, k&n-trfit't^-bl. a. Capable of contraction. CONTEACTIBLSITESS, koll-trik't^-bl- nds. s. The quality of suffering con-i traction. CDifTftACTii.&i k6nttr&k'tU. a. (145). (140). Having the power of riiortening Itself. Coirr&ACTie«ikto'4T^V8hito.8. The act of contracting or shortening ; the act Off akrinldng or slurivelling; the state of being contracted, drawn into a nartow compass; in grammar, the seduction of twDiFDwek or syliables to one ; abbrevia. fion, tt the \irriting is fuU of cocktractio^. bWl;— All; — ^pddnd; — th\n<, thi«, CoNTRACTOE, k6n-tr4Vtftr. a. One of the parties to a contract or bargain^ To Contradict, k6n-trd-dikt. v. a^ To oppose verbally, to deny ;. to be con- trary to. CoNTBADicTER, kon-trd-dik't^, 8. One that contradicts, an opposer. CoNTRADicTioM, k6n«trit-dik'shiin. a. Verbal opposition, controversial asser- tion; <^>p08iiion; inconsistency, incon- gruity i contrariety, in thought or effect. Contra DicTiocih k6n«tril-dik'shi^s. a. Filled with contradictiona, inconsist- ent ; inclined to contradict CoNTRADicTiOUftKESS) k6n-tri-dik- shi^s-n^s. 8. Inconsistency. CoNTRADicTORUT, k6n-tra-dik'tAr- ^-1^. ad. Inconsistency with himself; oppositely to others. CavTaAi>icTORY9k6n«tra<^ik'tAr-£.a. Opposite to, inconsistent with ; in logick^ that ^bich is in the fullest opposition. CoNTR A Di c TOR Y, k6n-tr4-^ik't(kr«^. 8. A proposition which opposes another in all its terms, inconsistency. CoNTRAniSTiNCTioNy kou-tHl-dls-, ting'shiin. s. (408). Distinction by opposite qualities. To 0 o N T R A n I sTi N o u I s H , k6n-tra*dis- tlng'gwish. y. a. To distinguish by opposite qualities. CoMTRAFissuRE, kftn-tru-flsh^shfire. s. (450) (452). A crackof the scull, whera the blow was inflicted, is called fissure i but in the contrary4)art contrafiasure. ToCoNTRAiNDiCATE, k&n-trft-inM^- kAte. y. a. To point out some pecu- liar synu)tom contrary to the genera} tenour ot the malady. Contraindication, k6n-tra-in-d£« . ki'shi^n. s. An indication^ or symp- tom, which forbids that to he done which the main scope of a diseaae points out at fir^t. Contra MURE, k6n-tHl-m(irc'. s. An outwall built about the main wall of a ci^.^ Contranitency, k6n-lrd-n i'tin-se . s. Re -action, a resistance against pressure. Contr A po siTi o N, k6n-tru-pA-zish'ftn. 8. A placing over against CoNTRAK£ouLARiTY, k6n-tru-rfig-4- I4r'^-t6. s. Contrariety to rule. C0NTRARIANT9 k6n-tr4'r^-int. a. In- consistent, contradictory. Contraries, k6n'trd-riz. s. (99). Thin^ of opposite natui^cs or qualities i in logick, propositions which dcstix)v c uch other. G O N 5H PPN 07* (359).— F4ic, fury fMI, f2Ltj— ua*, mSt;— ptef, pin;— Contrariety, kon-tra-ii'^-t^. s. Re- pugnance, opposition j inconsistency, qua- lity or position destructive of* its opposite. CoNTRARiLY, k6n'trd-r^-Ie. a^l. In a manner contrar}'; different ways, in op- posite directions. Little used. dOr Tliis Rnd the following word are by Dr. Johnson accented on the second syllable ; no doubt fhrni the harshness that must necessarily arise from placing the accent on the first, when so many unaccented syllables are to succeed. But if harmony were to take place, we should never suf- ' &r the stress on tlie first syllable of Con- trary, from which tlicse words ai-e formed ; but that once admitted, as it invariably is by tlie best speakers, we should cross the most uniform analogy of our language, if we accented the adverb differently from the substantive and the adjective ; and, there- fore, however harsh they may sound, these words must necessarily have the accent on the first syllable. See Contrary. Contrariness, k6n'tra-r6-o6s. s. Contrariety, opposition. CoNTRARibus, kon-trA'rt-As. a. Op- posite, repugnant. CoNTRARiousLy,k6n-tri'r^-fis-I^. ad. Oppositely. Contrariwise, kon'tra-r^-wise. ad. Conversely ; on the contrary. Contrary, kon'tri-r^. a. Opposite, contradictory ; inconsistent, disagreeing ; adverse, in an opposite direction. Qfj* The accent is invariably j)luced on the fii*st syllable of this word by all correct speakers, and as constantly removed to the second by the illiterate and vulgar. When common ears refuse a soimd, it is a strong , presumption that sound is not agreeable tr> the general harmony of the language. The learned often vitiate the natural taste for their own language by an atfected ve- neration for others ;. wiiile the illiterate, by a kind of vernacular instinct, fall into the most analo.^ical pronunciation, and such as is most suitxthic to the general turn of the language. Anciently this ^^ ord was most conjnipnly pronounced by the learned as it is now by tlie vulgar, with the accent on tlie second syllable ; but no- thing can be now more firmly established t]»an the accent on the fu'st syllable, and the otlier pi-onunci.ition must be scrupu- lously avoided.— See Coktrarily. Contrary, k6n'tra-rd. s. A thing of opposite qualities ; a proposition contrary to some other ; in opposition, on the other side ; to a contran^ purpose. Contrast, kon'tr^t.s.Oppositionand tljgsimilitutle of figures^by which one con- tributes to the visibility or effect of ano- tlier. To Contrast, k6n-trA8t'. v. a. To place in opposition; to show another figure to advantage. CONTRAVALLATION, k6ll-trl-V&l-l^' sh{in. s. The fortificatioD thrown up to hinder tlie .sallies 6f the garrison. Contravene, k6n-tr4- vine', v. a. To oppose, to obstruct, to baifie. C o N T R A V e N K a, k6n-tri-Yi'nfir. s . He who opposes another. CoNTRAVENTioN,k6n-trA-v^n'sh{in.s. Opposition. Co N T R E c T A Tio N, kon-ti^k-tA'shdn. 5. A touching. CoNTRiBUTART, k6n-trlb'A-t4^. a. Paying tribute to the same sovereign. To Contribute, k6n-trfb'6te. v. a. To give to some common stock. To Contribute, kon-ti'Ib'ute, v. n. To bear a part, to have a share in any act or effect Contribution, k6n-tr£-b&'sh^n. s. The act of promoting some design in eon- junction with other persons ; that which is given by several hands fin* some eoronion purpose ; that which is paid for the sup- port of an armty l>ing in a countiy. CoNTRiBUTivE,k6n.trib'ti-tiv.a. That which has the power or quality' of pro- moting any purpose in caneurrence witU other motives. Contributor, k6n-trib'ii-tiir. (166). One that bears a part in some common design. « Jontributory, k6n-trib'6-tdr-i. a- Promoting the same end, hringing assist- ance to some joint design- (513). To Contristate, k6n-tria'(ikie. ▼. a. To sadden, to make sorrowfaL Not used. Contristation, k^n-trls-tA'shdn. s. The act of making sad, the state of being made sad. Not used. CoNTRiTK,k6n'tritc. a, (140). Bruis- ed, much worn ; worn with sorrow, ha- rassed with tlie sense of guilt, penitent Jj^ This word ought to have the accent on the last syllable, both as it is an adjective, from which is formed the abstract sub- stantive contritennsj and as the accent on the first syllable has a tenden^ to shorten tlie ; in the last (140). Accordin|^y Dr. Johnson, Mr. Scott, and BaiUyi l^lice the accent on the last syllable i but Mr. She- ridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphmstone, Dr. Ash, W. JohnstQUt Perry, Buchanan, and Entick, place it on the first, .with unques- tionably the best usage on tJbkeir side. cofi 315 CON k6n'trite-l*. ad. Peni- -p6^d;— /Ain, this. CwTHiTXLY, k6n'trite-l*. ad. Peni- "mind."— M.R.November, ir94. p. 346. itntly. * ^^^ nothing* is more evident than that e\ e- (T? As the adjective contrite, though contra- ^ verbal noun oughtto be formed from the ly to analogy, seems to prefer the accent ▼^rb, and consequently that to cmitrenert on the first syllable ; contritely, and ccntriteA ought to form contrcverti^t. Dr. Jolmsonhaa 9ess must necessarily have the accent on o% produced the authority of Tillotson ; Dte'sam^ svlliblc.— See CoNTRAaiLv. to which I will beg leave to add a much CoHTRlTEKESS, kin'trite-il^s. S. Con- better fi-om the Idler, No.12. Itiscommon tritkm repentance. for cwijro^,^, in the heat of dispuUtion, r^^JlZl^.^^, irA« 4^«f.kM,> o TU-. «/»«• to adil one position to anotlier tdl they Contrition, k6n.trlsh An. s. The act ^^^ ^^ extremities of knowUdij/. of gnndrng or rubbmi: to powder ; pern- ^^^^^ ^^uth and falsehood lose their ia- leace. sorrow for sin. tiiiction. CoMTBivABLK, k6B-triv4^. a. PossN Contumacious, k6n-ti.m4'slifts. a. blft to be planned by the mmd. Obstinate, perverse, stubborn. CoaB-rRiirAiicfi,k6ii-triVW s. The; Contumaciously, k6n.tu.mA'8hii8.1*. act of contming ; scheme, plan ; a plot, an KTliflce. To CowTRivE, kte-trive'. v. a. To plan out ; to find out means. To CoxTH'ivE, k6;i-trhre'. v. n. To form or design, to plaa CoKTRivEMfiNT, k6n-trive'm^nt. s. Invention. Cquti^ivea, kin-tri'vdr. ». (98). An inventor. CovTmoi., kftn-tiroir. »• (406). A re- gister or aeoQunt kept by snother officer, that eaeh may be exanuhod by the other ; «lleck> reairahit; powe^, authority, su- perint^ndenoe. j To Co»T«ofc, k^-trtlK. V. a. (406).! ad. Obstinately, inflexibly, perversely. CoNTUMAciousNEss, k6n tu-HxA'shAs- n^9. s. Obstinacy, perverseness. Contumacy, kon'tu-md-s^. s. Obsti- nacy, perverseness j in law, a wilful con- tempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or judicial order. Contumelious, k6n-tu-m^'l£-As. a. HefM^achful, sarcastic ; inclined to utter reproach { pi^uctive ofi-eproach, sha«ie- C0NTUM£LI0USLY,k6n-tlLl-me1^-As«l£. ad. Reproachfully, oonteniptuotuly. ( C0NTUM£LI0USN£.SS,k6lV4£l-m6-16*fllt- n£s. ft. Rudeness, reproach. To keep iitidcr check by a coiinter^reck^ Contumely, k6n-ti'in6-16. s. Con- omng; to govern, to restrain ; to confute. CovTBOLLABLE, kdn-tr611'i-bl. a. Sub- ject to control, sabject to be over-ruled. CoKTROLLE.a,k6ii-tr6ll'^c.9, One that haathepowerofgovcraiagor restraining. Co«Taoi.i.EasBiP, k6n-t^ll<^-&hlp. s. The fMce of a ootttroUer. Coir T SOL M«irT, kAB-trMl'mdnt. s. The power OT'acttffaiipefiiiteAdhigor restrain- ing^ j«*t»miDt{ oppQsiti0m eonfutatioD. CoMTaoT&RaiA]., k&i^tr6-v^r'9h4i. a. Relafcing to disfiutea, diaputationa. CoK/raov&asYy k6n''tr6-vir«8i&. s. Dis- pate, debite ; a mkt in law ; a quarrel. To CowTaovERT, k&n-tr6-v6rt'. r, a. To debate, to 4fispiite anythrogin writing. CoxTROvERTiBLE, k6n-tr6-v6rt'6-bl. a. Disputable. CosTAOTEKTisT, kAn'tr^-v^T-tlst. s. iXafNitant, chiefly on religious subjects. C)ttW\ii6i eonte surprise 1 We ftcquently ebaervedlhoae nrofomid philologists, the j ^, . . > / > jl MofttldyRetiewers, write thirSrordCfen. Comveniency, k6n.v6'n6^n tn«ffwdi«.**Heajfb*Mtobe«sen8ible, ^''^— 1.^..-^« " ingeiaoiu^ Md^Mmdid Contioveraialist : ** oae whtt writes from a regard to truth, ** and with ike i^l fooviction of his own :( temptuousness, bitterness of language, reproach. To Contuse, k6n-t^lze^ v. a. (437). To beat together, to bruise ; to bruise the flesh without a breach of the continuity. Contusion, k6n-tii'zhiin. «. The act of beating or bruising ; the state of being beaten or bruised ; a bruise. Convalescence, k6n-vd-l^' s^nsc. (510). Convalescency, k6n-vi-I^s' 8^n-s^* Renewal of health, recovery from a dis- ease. Convalescent, k6n«v4-1^8'9ent. a. Recovering. To Convene, k6n-v^ai/. v. n. To come together, to assemble. To Convene, k6n-v^ne'. v. a. To call together, to assemble, to convoke ; to summon judicially. Convenience, k6n-v^'n6-tosc. ? Fitness, commodiousness, cause of ease ; accommodation ; fitness of time or plac«- Convenient, kon-v^'nfe-^nt, a. Fit, suitable, proper. CON 316 CON {tT* (559),.--ritc, ar, fill, fit;— m^ met;— pbe, pin;— Conveniently, kun-v^'nc-ent-l^, ad. Cotemodioufily, fitly. Convent, k6u'veQt« s. An assembly of religions persons ; a religious house, a monastery, a nunnery. To Convent, k^n-v^nt'. v. a. (492). To call before a judge eft judicature. Not in use. Conventiclf, k&n-v^n'l£'-kl. s. An assembly, a meeting; an assembly for worship ; a secret assembly. (Cj'In the first edition of tliis Dictionary I fol- lowed Mr. Sheridan's accentuation of this word upon the first syllable, as I appre- hendedit was more agreeable to polite us- age, though less agreeable to tlie ear than the accent on the second : but from a far- ther inquiry, and a review of the authoti- tics for both, 1 am st]x)ngly persuaded in favour of the latter accentuation. For the former we have ShcHdan, Ash, W. John- ston, and Emick ;.and for tlie latter, Dr. Johnson, Kenrick^ Nares, Scott, Perry, Buchanan, and Bailey. The other accen tuation seems chiefly adopted by the po ets, who should not be deprived of their privilege of altering the accents of some words to accommodate them to the verse : " For Hwere a sin to rob them of their mite."— i^jte. Conventicler, kon-vdn'tik-liir. s. One that supports or frequents private and unlawful assemblies. Convention, kon-v^n'shun. s. The act of com'ulg together, union, coalition ; an assembly ; a contract, agreement for a time. Conventional, kon-v^n'shan-al. a. Stipulated, agreed on by compact Convention ARY, kon-v^n'shiii-i-r^. a. Acting upon contract. Conventual, k6n-veii'tsh(i-'dl. a. Be- longing to a convent, monastic. Conventual, k6n-ven'tsli^-al. s. A monk, a nun, one tha.t lives in a convent. To Converge, k6n-v^rje'. v. n. To tend to one point firom different places. Convergent, kon-vdr'j^nt. _ > Converging, kon-vcr'jing. J Tending to onje point irom different places. Conversable, kon-v^r-sa-bl. a. Quali- fied for conversation, fit for company. CoNVERSABLENEss, k6i>-vdr's&4»l-n^. 8. The quality of being a pleasing com- panio^. ' Con VERS ably, kon-v^r'si-bl^. ad. In A conversable manner. C.......VT, \ '^^^ Acquainted withy familiar ;, baviB|^ inter course witli any, acquainted ; relating to, concerhiiig. 03* There are such considerable autliorities ^r each of tliese pronunciations as ren- der a decision on that ground somewhat difficult. Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Ken- rick, Mr. Perry, Buchanan, and Bailey# place the accent on tlie second syllable ; and Mr. Narcs, W. Johnston, and Entitle, accent the first. Mr.Sheridan and Mr. Scott place it on both, andljonscquently leave it undeci dcd. Ahalog^' seems to demand the stress on the second syllable ; perhaps not so much from the relation the word bears to the verb to cow&tCj since it may potsibly he derived from the noun o^MMrje (493)« at ii'om the very general rule of accentinp^ woi'ds of tliree syllables, that are not sim- ples in oui* language, on tlie^eooudsylU- ble when two consonants occur in tlie mid- dle. This rule, however, is frequently violated in fiivoiu* of the anf epenuftimafc accent (the favourite accent of our lan- guagt}), as in Aggrandize, dmnesty, ch&rat- ter, cStiyfcrtite^ dncettor, mAgirtrttte, pr6test' anti &c. ; and where there is but one consok nant in the middle, notliing is more com- mon than to find the accent of the d]S8>i- lable verb neglected, and the trisyllable noun adopting the antepenultliaate accent. Thus the worAs conjidgnu prvndent, prwi- dent. Sec. are not accente4 Uke the verbs cot^/idc, prende,Uc. &c. but axe considered as simples, and follow the general rule ; which is, that all simples of three sylla- bles, "s^dth but one consonant in the middle^ have the accent on tlie first, and that tl^c vowel in this syllabic is short (503). Up- on the whole, therefore, since authoriticn are so equal and analogy so precsrfous, usage m^ist be the umpire ; and my ob- servation tails me if tliat which roav be called the best usage does not decioe in favour of tlie accent on the first ^ahle. Conversation, k6n'-v^p-s4'shiln. s. Familisr discbul^e,. chat, easy talk, fli particular act of discoursing upon anv subject ; commerce, intercoune ; fmih- arity; behaviour, maimer of acting in common life. To Converse, k&i-v^rsc'^ v*n. To cohabit with, to hold mtercourse with ; to be acquainted with ; to discourse fa- miliarly upon any subject j to have com- merce with a different sex. Converse, kin'v&ae.s. (592). Man- ner of discouralng in famllisr lifi^t ^- quaintance, cohabitation* familiarity *. willi geometricians it igpans the contrary. {O' It ishi^y probablethatthiamibsftantiTe was anciently pronounced like the vrib, with the accent on the.2d syllable f bq^ no' CON Sit CON -141^ miw, Q&r, aAt^^&be, tfib, WUl;— ill;— p6I£.ad. Re- eiprocallj. CoNVEHTiTE, k6n'v6r-tite. s. (1S6) (503). A convert. Convex, k6n'veks. a. Rising in a circular form, opposite to concave. C0KFEX9 kon'veks. s. A convex body CoirvfiXED, k6n-v^kst'. part. (359) Protu^ieraiit in a ci)i€ular fonn. Co)ivEX£0LT, kon-v^k's^-l^. (364). In a convex ibrm. CoHVExiTY, k6n-v^ks^d-t^. s. Protu- berance in a circular form. Com VEXLT, kou-veks'i^. ad. In a con- vex fiinn. Con V Kx kess, k^a-v^ks^n^. s. Sphe- roidical protuberance, convexity. Co X V Exo-c oKc ate, k6n-vfiks'A-1tdng' kive. a. Having the hollow on thf; inaide, corresponding to thed; delivery' from one to ancjther ; act of transferring property \ writing by which property is transfer- red. Conveyancer, k6n.vA'An-8ur. s. A law\'er who draws writings by which proijci-ty is transferrtd, ConvBvEB, k6n-v4'ur. t. One whp carries or transmits any thing. ToCoKvict,kun-vikt'.v. a. Td prove guilty, to detect in g^ilt ; to confute, to discover to be false. Convict, kon-vikt'. a. Convicted, de- tected in guilt. Convict, kon'vikt. s. (492). A per- son cast at the bar. Conviction, kon-vik'shAn.s. Detec- tion of guilt i the act of conrincing, con- futation. CoNviCTivE, k6n-vlk'tlT. a. (157J. Having the power of convincing. To Convince, kftn-vinse'. v. a. To force andther to acknowledge a contested positioTf ; to convict— See To Collect. ( onvincement, k6n-viQ8e'mSnt. a. Conviction. CoNviNciBLR, kftn-vk's^-bl. Capa- ble of conviction ; capable of being cvi- dentJy disproved. roNviNciNOLY, k6n-vin'sing-I^. ad. In such a manner as to leave no room for doubt. Con viNciNGNEss, kftn-vlnVuig-n^s. s. The power of convincing. To Convive, kon-vlve . v. a. To en- a.(U3J. tcrtain, to feast. Obsolete. Con VI v A L, k^n-vi'vdl. Convivial, kon-viv'yal. Relating to an entertainment, festal* so- cial. Conundrum, k&-n^Mr(im. s. A low jest, a quibble. To CoNvoc ate, k6nV6-k^te. v. a. To call together. CoNvocATioN,k6n-v6-k4'shfin.«.The act of calling to an assembH ; an as- sembly ; an assembly of tlie clergy for consultation upon matters ecclesiastical To Con V o xe, k6n-v6ke'. v. a. I'o call together, to summon to an assembly. To CoNvoLVE,k6nj-v61v'.v. a. To roU together, to roll one part upon another. Convoluted, k6n-v6 hVted. part. a. Twisted, rolled upon itself. < CoNvoLUTioN,k6n-v6-lu'ati^* 3* Tte 3 A coo 318 COP V (559) sfct of rolling any thing upon itself; the state of rolUng together in company. To Convoy, k6n-v66'.v.a. Toatcom- pany by land or 8ea, for the sake of defence. Convoy, k6nV6^. s. (492). Attend- ance at sea of on the road by way of de- fence ; the act of attending jis a defence. Conusance, kon'A-s&nse. s. Cogni- zance, notice. A law term. — See Cog- nizance. ([J- Perhaps it may be pleaded by the gen tlemen of the law, that this is tlic word they use instead of Cognizance^ and conse- quently that tlie charge against them of mutilating that word falls to the ground. But it may be answered, that tlie second syllable of these words are 90 different as to leave us in no doubt which they make use of ; and that the words Cognizable^ Cognizor, and Cognizee^ being pronoimced I by them without tlie g, are sufficieot pTt)ofs of tlie justness of the accusation. To Convulse, kon-vtilse'. v. a. To give an irregular and involuntary motion to the parts of any body. Convulsion, k6n-vi'il'shdn . s . A con- ' vulsion is an involuntary contraction of the fibres and miiscles ; an irregular and violent motion, commotion. Convulsive, k6n-vtil'siv. a. (158) (428). Giving twitches or spasms. Con T, ki5n'n6. s. A rabbit, an animal that burroughs in the ground. Cony-borough, k(in'nd-bAr-6. s. A place where rabbits make tlieir holes in tlic ground. To Coo, k66, v. n. (10).' To cry as a dove or pidgeon Cook, k66k. s. (306). One whose pro- fession is to dress and prepare victuals for the table. Cook-maid, kA6k'mide. s. A maid that dresses provisions. Cook-room, k6 grow less warm with regard to passion. CQoi^iR) k66l'(ir. s» Ths^t which has Fi^tc, ftr, f&H, f4t ;~in69 mil;— pine, pin;*- the power of coolin|^ the body ; a veasU in which any thing is made cool. CooLLt, kdAm ad. Withom hca^ or sharp cold ; without passion. Coolness, kd^rn^s. s. Gentle cold, a 9oit of mild dep«e of cold ; wsnt of affection, disinchnation ; freedom from passion. CooM, R66m. s. (306). Soot that ga- thers over an oven's mouth ; that matter that works out of the wheels of carriages. CooM, k6dm. s. A measure of com containing four bushels. Coop, kd6p. s. A cage, a pen for ani- mals, as poultry or sheep. To Coop, k6^p. v. a. To shut op in a narrow compass, to cage. CooPEE, kdd-p^^'. s. A motion in dancing. Cooper, k66'pflr. s. (98). One that makes coops or barreb. Cooperage, k66'pdr-ldjc. s. (90), The price paid for coopers work. To Co-operate, k6-6p'^r-4ie. v. n. To labour jointly with another to the same end j to concur in the same effect Co-operation, kA-6p-^r-i'shdn. s. The act of contributing or concurrmg tt the same end. Co-operative, k6-6p'^r-4-tlv. a. Pro* moting the same end jointly. Co-oPERATOR,k6-6p'ir-i-tiip.s.(52l). He that, by joint endeavours, promotes the same end with others. Co-opt ATI w», k&-6p-t4'shAn« s. A- doption, assumption. Co-ordinate, k6-6r'di-nAte. a. (91). Holding the same rank. Co-ordinately, k/i-dr'd^-nAte-li. ad. In the same rank. Co-OR DiNATENESs,kA-dr'di-n4te-n^s. s. The state of being co-ordinate ._ Co-ordination, k6ip-d6rn ko-p^'nCLr. s. (98). One COP 319 COP ««4>69 m^^) B6r, n6t;^— t&be, tdbt b^U; — 6H;-^p6^d; — thin^ this. COPPLEDUST, kdp'plKlAst. S. PowdCF used in purifying metals. tbit tutt a share in some common stock or afTai^. CaPABTN^RSHiPy k6-p&rt'ni^r-ship. s. The state of hearings an equal part, or posaeaasing an eqnal share. CoPATAiN, k6p^4-tb. a. (208). High raised, pointed. Obsolete. CoPAYVA, k6-p4'vd. 8. (92). A gum which diatiLi from a tree in Braail. Cope, k6pe. s. Any thing with which the head is covered ; a sacerdotal cloak, worn in sacred ministration ; any thing which is spread aver the head. To C0PE5 k6pe. V. a. To cover^as with a cope i to contend with, to oppose. To CopE» k6pe. v. n. To contend, to Mxuggle, to strive. Copier, k6p'p^-ikT. s. One that copies, a transcriber ; a plagiary, an imitator. CopiHC, k^'pfaig. s. The upper tire of^ masonry which covers the wall. * Copious, k^^p^-ds. a. Plentiful, abun- dant, abounding in words or images. Copiously, k^'p^-ds-l^. ad. Plenti&l ly, abundantly, in great quantities ( at large, diffusely. Copiousness, kVp£-^-n£s. s. Plenty, abundance ; exuberance of style. CopLANp, k6p1^nd. s. A piece of ^fround which terminates with an acute ^uigle. Copped, k6p'pM, or k6pt. a. (366). Rising to a top or head. CoppfiiL, k6p'p^l. 8. An instrument used in chymistry. Its use is to try and purify gold and silver. Copper, k^p'pdr. s. (98). One of the SIX primitiTe metals. Copper, k6p'pftr. s. A boiler larger than a moveable pot Copper NOSE, k^'p&r^^se. s. A red Copperplate, k6p-pfir-pl4te'. s. A plate on which pictures are engraven. Cop PER WORK, kop'pdr-wArk. s. A place where copper is manu&ctured. Copperas, k6p'pih'-^. s. A kind of vitriol. Coi»FE« SMITH, k&p'piirrsinith. s. One thait manufiustores com>eF. Copp«:kworm, k6p'pur-wArm. s. A ^ttle worm in ships ; » worm breeding in one's hand. Coppery, k6p'piir-^. a. Coataining copper. Coppice, k6p^pl8. s. (142). Low w9od9 cut «t sUted times for ^cL CoppLED, kop'pid. a. (359). Rising in a conick form. Copse, k6ps. 8. Short wood. To Copse, k6ps. v. a. To preserve underwoods.* Copula, k6p'ii-ld. s. (92). The word which unites tlie subject and predicate of a proposition. To Copulate, k6p'u*Ute. v. a. To unite, to conjoin. To Copulate, k6p'u-l&te. v. n. To come together as different sexes. Copulation, k6p'u-14-sh^n. s. The congress or embrace of the twcr sexes. Copulative, kop'u-li-tiv. a. (157). A term of grammar. Copy, kop'p^. a- (482). A tr^mscript from the archetype or original ; an indi- vidual book, as a good and fair copy ; the original, tlie archetype ; a picture drawn from another picture. Copy-book, k6p'p^-b66k. s, A book in which copies are written for learners to imitate. Copyhold, k6p'p^-h6ld. s. A tenure for which the tenanthath noUiing to show but the copy of the rolls made by tlic steward of has lord's court. Copyholder, k6p'p^-h6l-dftr. s. Onq that is possessed of land in copyhold. To Copy, kop'p^. v. a. To transcribe, to write after an original ; to imitate, to propose in imitation. To Copy, k6p'p6. v. n. To do any thing in imitation of something else. pies writing or pictures. To Coc^et, k6-kdt'. v. a. (415). To treat witli an appearance of amorous ten- derness. CoqtrETRY, ko-k^t'r^. s. Aflectation of amorous advances. CoquETTE, k6-k^t'. s. A gay, airy girl, who endeavours to attract iK)tice. Coracle, k6r'4-kl. s, A boat used in Wales by fishers. Coral, k6r'4L a. Red coral is a plant of great hardness and stony nature while growing in the water, as it is after long exposure to tJie air ; the piece of coral which children use as a plaything. fC7* W® sometimes hear this word pro- nounced Curra/; but this is contrary to all our pronouncing Dictionaries,, and ought to be avoided. COR 320 COR iC^ (559).p— Fite, fir, ftU, f&t;— m^, in^t;--plne, pin;— - (150). Con- Cqeallinb, k6r'ti*in. Bisting of coral. Coralline, k6r'il-iii* s. Coralline is a sea^plant used in miedicine. CORALLOID, or CORO^OIDAL) 1^6t'» &U16i(t, k6r4l.l6id'&l. a. ResembUng coral. Cor A NT, k^-rint'. s. A nimble spright- ly dance. • Cor RAN, k6r1)dn. s. (168). An alms basket, -a gift, an alms. CoRPEiLs, k6r1)6lz. 8. Little baskets used in fortification, filled with earth. Corbel, kOr'b^l. s. In architecture, the representation of a basket. Cord, k6id. s. A rope, a string; a quantity of wood for fiiel ; a pile eight feet long, fix IT \%\u and four broad. Cord-maker, k6rd'm4-k{^. s* One whose trade is to make ropes, a rope- maker. Cord- WOOD, k6rd'wtid. s. Wood piled up for fuel. To Cord, k6rd. v. a. To bind with ropes. Cordage, k6r'dldje. s* (90). Aquan- ^ tity of ^ords. Corded, k6r'dW. a. Made of ropes. Cordelier, k6r-d*-l^Ar'. s. (275). A iranciscan friar, so named from the cord which serves him for a cincture. Cordial, kbr'j^-dl. s. (294) (576). A medicine that increases tlie force of the heart, orquickens the circulation ; any me- dicine tliat increases strengtii ; any thing that comfort.i, gladdens, and ex]iilarate». CCJ* There is certainly a tendency in the (/as well asin tl)c rto slide into a soft hissing sound when preceded by the accent, and followed by a diphthong or a diphthongal vowel, commencing vnth the sound of e. This,is evident by the current pronuncia- tion of immediate, verdure, &c. as if writ- ten immtjiate,verjure, &c. (294) ; and this pronunciation is so agreeable to the geni- us of our language, Uiatthc organs slide into it insensibh . Mr. Sheridan, in order to mark this sound, has adopted tfie_y, and spelled the word Cor-dyai : and if^' is here articulated as a consonant, as is intended, its connexion with d produces a sound so near the hiss in Cor-je-aU »s to be with dilficdlty disUnpruished from it. Cordial, k6r'j^.4!. a. Reviving, invi- gorating ^ sincere, hearty. Cordiality, kOi?lj6-dl''6-ti. s. Rela- tion to the heart ; sincerity. C9RD1 ALLY,k6r'j^-dl.W. ad. Sincerely, - heartily. Core, k^re. s. The heart; the inner part of any thing ; the inner part of a froitg which contains the kernel; the matter contained in a boil or sore. Coriaceous, k6-r^-&'shfts.a. Consist- ing of leather ; of .a substance resemblmg leather. Coriander, k&-r^-ILn'ddr. s. (98). A plant. CoRiNTti, kdr-rin. s. A small fhiit commonly called ciurant, which see. (^ORINTHIAN, k6-rln'M^-to« s. Is ge- nerally reckoned the Iburth of the five orders of architecture. Cork, k6rk. s. A glandiferous tree, in all re8]>ects like the ilex, ezceptmgthe bark ; the bark of the cork tree used for stopples i the stopple of a bottle. To Cork, kork* v. a. To put coiits mto bottles. CoftKiNG-piifr, k6r-klng-pln^ 8. A pin of the largest size. Corky, kOr'k^. a. Consisting of cork. Cormorant, k6r'in6-r4nt. s. A bird that prays upon fish ; a glutton. Corn, k6iTi. s. 1 he seeds which grow in ears, not in pods; grun unreaped; grain in tlie e»r, vet unthreshed ; an ex- crescence on the jbot, hard and painful. To Corn, k6m. v. a. To salt, t6 sprin- kle with salt ; to form into small grains. CoRN-FiELD, k6m'fc61d. s. A field where com is growing. Corn-flag, korn'fl^g. s. A plant: the leaves are like those of the fleiir-de-lis. Corn-floor, kbni'flore. s. The floor where com is stored. Corn-flower, k6m'fl66-»ir, s. The blue bottle. Corn-land, kAm'Iand* s. Land ap- propriated to the production of grain. Corn-mill, korn'mil. s. A mill to g^ind com into meal. Corn-pipe, korn'pipe. s. A pipe made X by slitting thp joint of a green stai of com. Corschandler, ki^rn'tshind-lAr. s. One that retails com. CoRn CUTTER. k6ni'kdt-tAr. a. A man whose profession it is to extirpate corns from the toot. Cornel, k^r'nil CoRNKL«AN-TREE,kdr-ne1^-in-tri^ [ 8. The Comel-trec, beareth the fruit commonly called the comelian cherry. CoRNEovs, k6r'nMs. a. Homey, of a substance resembling bom. CoRKRR, k^r'niLr. s. (98). An angle; COR ^31 COR mdfe, oAtj iiAt;^— tiUbe, ttby bAll;— 611 .a MCffct or remote place ; the extKinitief, the utmost limit CoBjrBa-sTONK,k6i/nAr-st6iie^B. The stone that unites the two walla at the comer. CoAwBRWisB, kdm'n&r-wbe. ad. Di- agooatty. CoAUBT) k^r'n^ a. (99). A musical iiutTinDent blown with the mouth; a companjr or troop of horae, in this sense obsiAete ; the officer that bears the stand- surd of a troop ; Comet of a horse is the lowestpart of nis pastern that runs round the coffin. CoaNic£,k6r^nU. s. (142). The high- est projection of a wall or column. Cornicle, k6r'nlk-kl.s, (405). A little horn. C0RWIGBROU89 k^r-nldje^^-rAs. a, Homedy harin^ horns. Cornucopia, kdr-nd-kA'p^-6. 8. The horn of plenty. To CoRKUTE, kdr-nfite'. v.a. To be- stow homs^ to cuckold. Cork G TED, k6r-nu'tW. a. Grafted with horns, cuckolded. CoRNrTO, k6r-n(i't6. 8. Italian, A man homed, a cuckold. CoRNT, k6r'n^. a. Strong or hard like horn, homy; producins^ grain or com. C0R01.1.0RABY, k6r'o-ldr-^. s. (168). The conchision ; an inference. OCj* Dr. Johnson,' Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Ash, W. Johnston, Buchanan^ Entick, and Smith, accent thia word on the tirst; and Dr. Kenrick, Scott, Perry, and Bailey, on the second sylUible. The we ig^it of autiio- rity is certainly for the accentuation I have ai^apted, and snalogy seems to confimt this authority. For as the word is derived from Corallariamy with the accent on U)e antepeauitimate, our pronunciation of this word g^eneraily lays an additional accent on the first syllable, which, when the wnrd Is shortened by dropping a syllable in <7oro//arf, becomes tlie principal accent, as in a thousand other instances.— See ACADEMT. CoROi7Ai.9k^'6-ndl.8.(168). Acrown, agarlafidL CoRONAi., kdr-^'nftl. a. Bekmging to the top of the head. CoRovARY, kdr'o-nftr-^. a« Relating to a crown ; it is applied in anatomy to ar- tefies finicied to encompass the heart in the manner of a nrland. CoROBATiov, kor-^-R^'sh^n. s. The * act or solemnity of crowning a kingj the ponspor aaMmbly present at a cooooation. CoROjffBRy k6r'6HQ(ir. s. An officer p6^^;— /AIH) this. whose duty it is to inquire how any vi^ lent death was occasioned. (..ORONET, k6r'6-n6t. s. An inferior crown worn by the nobility. Corporal, k6r'pA-ril. s. (168). The lowest officer of the infantry; a low sea- officer. CoRFORALy k6r^p6-r&I. a. Relating to- the body, belonging to the body j mate- rial, not spiritual. CoRPOHALiTy,k6r-p6-r4r^-ti. 8. The quality of being embodied. CoRPORALLY,k6r'p6-rAl-i. ad. Bodily. Corporate, k6r'p&*r^te. a. (91). United in a body or community. Corporation, kOr-p6-r4'dhAn. s. A body politick. CoRPOREAL,k6r-p^r£-il. a. Having a body, not immaterial. Corporeity, k6r-p6-ri'i-ti. s. Ma- teriality, bodylincss. Corps, kire. s. Plural, kArz. A body of forces. J* Perhaps it is the unplcasing idea this word suggests, when pronounced in the English muiner, tliat has fixed it in the French pronunciation. Nolliing' can be' mc»re friprhtful to an elegtint car thaji tlie sound it has from the moutli of tliose who are wholly unacquainted with its fasliion- abie and military usa^c. \-)oHPSE, k6i'p8. s. (168). A carcase, a dead body, a corse. s.oRPULENCE,k6r'pii-lensc. ) „ . 0RpuLENCY,k6r'pu-lCn-s6.5 *' kiness of body, fleshiness. , ORpuLENT, kor'pu-ldnt. a. Fleshy, bulky. CoRPuscLE,k6r'piis-8l. s. (35l)(405). A small body, an atom. ('oRPuscuLAR,k6r-piis'ku-lar. 1 CoRPUscuLAKiAN, k6r-p6s-kii- > a. li'r^-an, J Relating to bodies, comprising bodies. loCoRRADE, kor-rade'. v. a. (168).. To rub ofT, to scrape tog-ether. ('oRRADiATioN, k^t-fd-dd-i'shiin. 8. A conjunction of rays in one point. To Correct, kor-rekt'. v. a. To pu* nish, to chastise ; to amend ; to ob^-iate the qualities of one ingredient by another. Correct, kor-rekt'. a. Revised or fi- nished with exactness. CoRRECTiON,k6r-rek'shAn. s. Punish- ment, discipline ; amendment ; that which is substituted in the place of any things ^ wrong*) reprehension ; abatement of nox- ious qualities, by tlic addition of some- thing contrary. COR 322 COR 47" (559).— FAte, ar, fMl, fat;— m^ m^t;— pine, pin> QoRRECTioNUR, k6r-r^k'shAn-6r, s. A jail bird. Obsolete. Corrective, k6r-r6k'tiv. a. (157). Having the power to alter or obviate any bad quatities. Corrective, k6r-r^k'tiv. s. That which has the power of altering or obvi- ^ ating any thing amiss ; limitation, restric- tion. Correctly, k6r-r^kt16. ad. Accu- rately, exactly.' Correctness, k6r-r^t'n^. a. Accu- racy, exactness. Corrector, k6r-r6k'tdr. s. (98). He that amends, or alters, l^y punishment; he that revises any thing to free it from faults ; such an ingi*edient in a composi- tion as guards against or abates the force of another. ToCoRRELATE, kof-re-Utc'. v.n. To have a reciprocal relation, as father and Bon« — See Counterbalance. Correlate, k6r'r^-ldte. s. One that stands in tlie opposite relation. Correlative, kor-rd'a-tiv. a. Hav> ing a reciprocal relation. Correlativeness, k6r-rdl'i-tiv-nfes. 8. The state of being correlative. Correption, k6r-r6p'sh Cosmopolite, k6z-m6p'6-lite* 5 ^' (156). A citizen of the world, one who is at home in every place. Cost, k6st. s. The pri<;p of any thing'; charge, expense ; loss, detriment. To Cost, kost. v. n. To be bought for, to be had at a price. Costal, k6s'tdl. a. Belonging to the ribs. Costard, kos'tard. s* A head, an apple round and bulky like tlic head. Costive, kos'liv. a. (157). Bound in the body ; close. CosTivENEs^M^osViv-nds. s. The state of the boiay in which excretion is obstructed. Costliness, k6st'16-n^s. s. Sumptu* ousness, expensivencss. Costly, k6st'l(!:. a. Sumptuous, ex- pensive. Cot, k6t. s. A small house, a huti a mean habitation. Cotangent, ko-tan'j^nt. s. The tan- gent of an arch which is the compliment of ^another to ninety degrees. Cotemporary, k6-t6m'p6-rd-r6. a. . Living at the sJ^^time, coetaneous. Gotland, k6t'laAa. s. Land append- ant to a cottage. Cotquean, kot^kw^ne. s. Amanwho busies himself with women's affairs. Cottage, k6t't4ge. s. (90). A hut, a meui habitation. C O V 324 c o u 07* (559).^-P&te, far, f^, ftt ;— tad) mit ;-^jne, pfai ;~ . Cottager, k6t't4-jiir. s. One who lives in a hut or cottage ; one who lives in the common, witliovit paying rent. Cottier, kot'y^r. s. (113). One who inhabits a cot Cotton, k6t'tn. s. (170). The down of the cotton-ti-ee ; a plant. Cotton, kot'tn. s. Cloth or stuff made of cotton. To Cotton, k6t'tn. v. n. To rise with a nap ; to cement, to unite -with. To Couch, k6\'itsh. v. n. (313), To lie down in a place of repose ; to lie down on the knees, as a beast to rest; to lie down, in ambush ; to stoop or bend do wn, in fear, in pain. To Couch, k6\!itsh. v, a. To lay on a place of repose ; to lay down any thing in a 4ratuni ; to bed, to hide in another body; to include secretly, to hide; to fiaf the spear in the rest ; to depress the film that overspreads the pupil of the eye. Couch, koutsh. s. A seat of repose ; a layer, a stratum. CoucHANT, k6^h'dnt. a. Lying down, squatting. CoucHEE, kdd'she^. s. French, Bed time, the time of visiting late at night ; opposite to Levee. CoucHER, k6^h'i\r. 8. He that couches or depresses cataracts. CoucHFELLow, k6^tsh'fi^l-lA. 8. Bed- fellow, companion. CoucHGRASs, k6{ltsh'gr£U. 8. A weed, Cove, k6ve, s. A small creek or bay; a shelter, a cover. Covenant, kuv'd-nint. s. (165) (503). A contract, a stipulation ; a compact ; a writing containing the terms or agree ment To Covenant, kilv'6-nant. v. n. To bargain, to stipulate. Coven ANT EE,kiiv'e-nan-t^i''. s. Apar ty to a covenant, a stipulator, a bargainer. Covenanter, kiiv'6-n4n-tdr. s. One who takes a covenant. A word introdu- ced in the civil wsu'S. To Cover, k.Vtir. v. a. (165). To overspread any thing with something else; to conceal under something- laid over ; to hide by supc racial appearances; to over- whelm, to buiy; to shelter, to conceal from harm; to brood on; to copulate with a female ; to weai* the hat. Cover, kuv'iir. s. (98). Any thing that is laid, over anotlier ; a concealment, a screen, a veil ; shelter, defence. Covering, k&v'iir-ing, Si Di*ess, ves- ture. CovEBLKT, ki^v'Ar-ldt. s. (99). The outermost of the bed-clothes. CovEHT, kftv'drt. 8. (98). A shelter, a defence ; a thicket, or hiding-plaee. CoYERT, kdv'Art, a. Sheltered, se- cret, bidden, insidious. Covert-way, kdv'Art-wi'. s. A space of ground level with the field, three or four fathom broad, ranging quite round the half moons or other works toward the countiy. Covertly, kdv'flrt-li. ad. Secretly, closely. Cover TKXss,kdv'tkrt-n^s.s, Secrecy, privacy. Coverture, k(^v't&r«t8hAre. s* Shel- ter, defence ; in faiw, the state sndcon- ditionof a married woman. To Covet, kiv'et. v. a. (99). To dc- sire inordinatelv, to desire bey(md due bounds ; to desire earnestly. To Covet, kiiv'^t. v. n. To have a strong desire. Covet able, kdy'^t-d-bl. a. To be wished Cbr. Covetous, k^v'MAs. a. Inordinately desirous ; inordinately eag^r of money, avaricious. Gjr' In the pronunciation of this word and its compounds, Mr. Sheridan has adopted a vulgarism, (^ which one could scarcely ■ have suspected him \ but pronouncing covetthiu for co'oetous is not only a vulgar- ism, but contrar)' to analofi;y. All tliese diphthongs and diphthongal vowels which dniw the preceding^«onsonsnts to aspira- tion are such as commence with the sound of e/ which, fW>m its neamess to the aound of double e, and the nearness of this sound to the commencing somid of/, approaches to the hissing sound of «, 2, and toft c, and in the absence of accent coalesces with them. 7* and D being formed in the same seat of sound as the «, z, and sofl c, when the accent is beibre them, easily sUde in- to the same sound before similar vowe^, but never before any other : for we mignt with as much propriety pronounce cala- mitotu and neceMi toiw, ctUatniuhuM and ne- ceuiuhnu^ as covetoiut ccneuhw (459). Covetously, k(iv'v^-tAs-16. ad. Ava- riciouflly, eagerly. CovETousNEss, kdv^-v^-tAs-A^. s. Avarice, eagerness of gain. Covey, kAv'v^. 8. (165). A hatch, an old bird with her young ones; a number of birds togetlier. Cough, ko^ s. (321).^ A convnlsion of the lungs. To Cough, k6f. v. n. To haw the c o u 395 c o u ^-^dy iiidve,.ii6rr n6t;— 4&be, tAb, bAH;-^!!; — pA(aid ;— /Ain, this. longs conTulsed, to make a noise in en- ^exmoxmg to evacoate the peccant mat- ter from the kings. To CouoH, k&f. V. a. (591). To eject by a cough. CoueHEK, k&ffar. ». (98% One that coughs. CoTiNG, k6'vlng. s. A term in building, used of houses that project over the To support, to patronise, to make a show of; to encoiunge. Countenances, k6Wt£-nan4ftr. s. One that countenances or supports ano- ther. Counter, kA^m'tflr. s. (98). A false piece oi money used as a means of rec- koning; the form on which goods are viewed and money told in a shop. giwiad-plot; a particukr form of ceiling. Counter, k66n'tAr. ad. Contrary to, Could, kM. (330). The imperfect pre- terit of can.— See the word Bebk. Coulter . k6le'tflr. s. (318). The sharp iron of the ploagh which cuts the earth. CousciL,k66n'8il.8.(313). An assem- bly of persons met together in consulta- tion: persons csUed together to be con- salted ; the body of privy counsellors. <^ouKciL-BOARi>, k6Qn'sil-b6rd. 8. Council-table, table where matters of state are deliberated. Couws£L, kdiin'M. s. (99). Advice, direction ; deliberation ; prudence ; secre- cy, the secrets intrusted in consulting ; scheme, purpose, design ; those that plead a cause, the counsellors. JCI7* The difference of Council apd Couiutt is, in cursory speaking, almost undistin- gubhable. ToCouNSEL, kddn's^l. V. a. (99). To give advice or counsel to any person ; to adfise any thing. CocNSELLABLi&,k66n'8^1-4.bL a. Wil- ling to receive and follow advice. CoevssLLOR,k66n^sdl-l^r.8. One that gives advice % confidant, bosom friend ; «ne whose province is to deliberate and advise upon public affahrs; one that is conaulted in a case of law. CouMSELLORSHiP, k6ftn's^l-15r-shlp. s. The ofiice or post of privy counsellor. To CouHT, k6£mt. v. a. To number, to tellV to i«ckon, to account, to consider as having a certain character ; to impute to, to charge to. To Count, k6iint.v.n. (313). To lay a scheme ; to depend on. ' Count, k6Ml9 k6(!m't^4>il* linse. 8. Opposite weight. ToCounterbuff, k6^-tAr-bAf. v. a. To impel ; to strike back. CouNTBRBUFF, k6^'tAr-bflf. 8. A stroke t^at produces a recoil. CouNTERc ASTER) k6(in'tflr-k4s-t5r. s* A book-keeper, a caster of accounts, a reckoner. Not used. CouNTERCHANGE, k66n't&r-tsh&njet s. Exchange, reciprocation. To COU NTERC H A NG E, k6(in-tAr- tshdnje'. v. a. To give and receive. Counter CHARM, kosita to the tenor. CouNT£RTiDE,k6^n'ti^r-tide. s. Coq« traiy tide. . CouNTERTiME, k6i^n'tCir'-tlme. s. De- fence, opposition. CouNTEHTURN,k66n't^r-t&m. s. The height and full g^wth of the play, we may call properly the Countertam 'which destroys expectation. ToCouNTERVAiL,k6iin-tiLkr-vAle'. v, a. To be equivalent to, to have equal force or value, to act against with equal power. CouNTERVAiL^kc&n'ti^r-Tile.s. £q\ial weight i that which has equal weig^ or value. COUKTEBVISW, k6^'tdiv?u. s. Oppo^ transferring the breadth of a mortice to the place where the tenoii is to be. CouNTERGUARD, kAtin'tfir-g^rd. s. (92). A smaU rampart witli parapet and •ditch. To Countermand, k6 . «:^ki^ r« Lt _i #xJL r*« A ninable Coca A WTO, kur-rin to. J dance { any thing that spreads quick, as a par»er of news. To CouEB, kdtirb. v. n. To bend, to bow. Obsolete. CocaicR,k64'r^r. s. (^75). Ames* 'scn^T sent in haste. bdH ;— AH ;— p6{ind ;— /Ain, this. 03*This word is perfectly French, and often makes a plain Englishman tlie object of laugiiter to the polite world by pronounc* ing it like Qorier, a dresser oif leather. Course, korse.s. (318). Race, career j passage from place to place ; tilt, act o^ running in the lists; ground on wliich i race is run ; track or hne in which u sliip sails ; sails, means by which the course it performed ; order of succession ; series of successive and methodic ul procedure ; ths element^ of an art exhibited and explain- ed in a methodical series ; method of life, train of actions ; natural bent, uncontroU. led will ; catamenia ; number of dishes set on at once upon the table ; empty form. To Course, k6rse. v. a. To hunt, to pursue i to pursue with dogs that hunt m view ; to put to speed, to force to run. To Course, k6rse. v. n. To nin, to T^'c about Courser, k^r'sdr. s. A swift horse, a war horse ; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. Court, k6rte. 8. (318). The place where the prince resides, the palace ; the hall or chamber where justice is adminis- tered : open space before a house ; a bmall o|iening inclosed with houses ami paved wiih broad stones ; persons who compose the retinue of a prince ; persons who are assembled for the administration of jus- tice; any Jurisdiction, military, ci>-il, or ecclesiastical ; the art of pleasing^ the art of insinuatioD. To C0URT9 ki&rte. v. a. To woo, to so- licit a woman ( to solicit, to seek ; to flat- ter, to endeavour to please. CouRT-CHAPLAXN, k^rte-tship'Un. s. One wlio attends the king to celebrate the holy offices. CouRT-UAY,k6rte-di'.8.Dayonwhich justice is solemnly administered. Court-favour, k^rte-ia'vftr. a. Fa* vours or benefiu bestowed by princes. CouRT-HAXD,k6rtc'hind.s. Thehand or manner of writings used m records and judicial proceedings. Court-laOt, k6rte-li'dA. s. A lady conversant in court. Courteous, kir'tshi-ds. a. (314)y Elegant of manners, well bred. Courteously, kfir'tsh*-fis 16. ad. Re- •pectfully, civilly, complaisantly. Courteousxess, kiir'tsh^-As-n&i. s. Civility, com{^ai«ance. CouRiigAN, ) k4r^.jjp'. S ,fc COURTXZAN, 5 ^'»^ « "^ ^ cow S,2B C R A ^ (559).— F4tc, I2kr, fUl, at (523). A vrofMH of the town; a proiti- Xute, a strumpet. CouRTESTi kdr't^-8*. s. ElcgaHGC of manners, clvilky, complaisance? an act of civilitv or respect » a tenure not of right, but of the fiivDur of others. . CouRTEst,Wrt's^. s. The reverence msAe by women. (TJ- This trord when it signifies an act of re- verence, is not only deprived of one of its syllables by all speakers, but by the vul- gar hail its last syllable changed into che or uke, a» if written curt-tht; tliia impro- priety, however, seems daily to lose ground even among the lower orders of " the people, who begin to restore the # to its pure soimd. ToCouRTESTT, kftrt's^. V. n. Toper- form an act of reverence ; to make a reve- rence in the manner of ladies. Courtier, k6rte'ydr. s. (1 13). One that frequents or attends the court* of princes ; one that courts or solicita the tavour of another. Courtlike, kArte'likc. a. Elegant, Courtliness, k6rte'l^-nes. s. Ele- gance of manners, complaisance, civility. Courtly, k6rte'l^. a. Relating or ap- pertaining to the court, elegant, soft, flat- tering. QouRTSHiP, korte'shlp. s. The act of soliciting favour ; the soliciUtion of a wo man to maiTiage. CousiH, kdz'zn. s. (314) (159). Any one collaterally related more remotely than a bi-oUier or a sister; a title given by the king to a nobleman, particuhurly tq those of the council. Cow, k6{i. ». (323). The female of the btiU. . , ^ ToCow,k6ei.v.a. To depress with fear Cqw-herd, k^fi'hird. s. One whose occupation is to tend cows. Cow-house, k6ii'h6iise. s. The house in which kinc are kept. Cow-LBECH, k6{i'l^tsh. s. One who professes to cure distempered cows. Cow-WEKD, koii'w^de- s. A species of chervil. Cow-wHEAT, k6u'hw5te. s. A plant. Coward, kdd'urd. s. (88) (323). A poltron, a wretch whose predominant pas- sion is fear; it is sometimes used in the mamier of an adjective. Cowardice, k6£i'iir-dis.8.(142).Fear, habitual timidity, want of courage. Cowardliness, k6(i'iLird4i-nes. s. Ti midxty, cowardice. •m*, m^ ;— pine, pin >— Cowardly, kWl'Ard-W. B. FearfiilytT' morous, pusiUanimous; niean^ befitting a coward. Cowardly, k6 ^- Montague. CoxcoMicAL,k6ks-k6m1k-^.a. Fop- pish, conceited. Coy, k6i. a. Modest, decent; rescrv- ed, not accessible. To Coy, \iU. ▼. n. (329). To behave with reserve, to reject familiarity; not te condescend willingly. Coyly, k66'W. ad. With reserve. CoYKEss, kA^'nfis- s. Rescrrc, unwil- lingness to be^me familiar. Coz, kAz. s* A cant or fiunniliar wortL contracted from cousin. To Cozen, kftz'zn. v. a. (159) (314). To cheat, to tnck, to dcfi^ud. CozEif AGE, k(^'zn-Aje. s. (90). Fraud, deceit, trick, cheat. Cozener, kAz'zn-dr. s. (98). A cheat- er, a defrauder. Crab, kr4b. s. A shell fish ; a wild ap- ple, the tree Uiat bears a wild apple ; a pee\ish, morose person ; a wooden engine with tliree claws fur launching of sldps ; % sign of the zodiack. Crabbed, krabli^d-a, (366). Peevish, n^rose ; harsh, unpleasing ; difficult, per- plexing. CRABBEDLY,l^ib'bW46.ad.Pcevishly. CRABBEDNES8,ki'ab'b^d-n^. s. Sour- ness of taste ; sourness of countenance^ asperity of manners ; difficulty. Craber, krAljAr. a. The water-rat. C R A 3^9 C R A — oA) mdve, nAr, n6t;««-4Abei tAb) bAll;-^!!;*— ^(knd;^-rAin, Tit&. C&iiBS-EYSs, kr&bs^lze. 8. Small whit^ iilk bodieft fbund in the common crawfish, resembling the eyes of a crab. Cback, kr&. s« A sudden disruption ; chink ; fissure, narrow breach > the sound of any body bursting or falling ; any sod- den and quick souna ; any breach, iiyxiry, or diminution, a flaw s craziness of intel- lect ; a roan crazed ; a whore ; a boast ; a bolster. These last are low and \iilgar uses of the word. To Crack, kr&k« v. a. To break into chinks ; to hresk, to split ; to do anything with quickness or smartness ; to break or deMroy anytlnng; to craze, to weaken the Intellect. To CuACK, krSk. v. n. To burst, to open in chinks ; to fall to ruin ; to^uttera loud and sudden sound ; to boast, with Of. CRACK-BRAiifEDykrlk-br^d'.a.(359). Crazy, without right reason. CBACX-HEiTPykrdk'h^mp. 8. A wretch fated to the gallows. A low word. Cracker, krak'dr. s. A noisy boasting Cragginess, kHlg'g^-nia. s. The state of being cragg}% Craggt, kr&g^g^. a. (383). Rugged, ftil of prominences, rough. To Cram, kr4m. t. a. To stuff, to* fiH with more than can conveniently be held ; to fill with food beyond satiety ; to thurst in by force. To Cram, kriun. ▼. a. To eat bc« yond satiety. Crambo, krim1)&. s. A play in which one g^ves a word, to which another finds a rhj-me. Cramp, krump. s. A spasm or con- traction of the limbs ; a restriction, a con- finement ; a piece of iron bent at each end, by which two bodies are held to- getlier. Cramp, krdmp. a. Difiicult, knotty. A low term. To Cr amp, kramp. ▼. a. To pain with cramps or twitches ;. to restrain, to con.- fine ; to bind with erampirons. fellow I a quantity of gunpowder confined Cr a M p-Fi s R, krln»p'f isb . s. The tor- so aa to burst with great noise, To Crackle, krdk'kl. v. n. (405). To make slight cracks, to make small and frequent sharp lounds. Cradle, kr^'dl. s. (405). A moveable bed, on which children or sick persons are agitated with a smooth motion ; in- fiuicy, or the first part of life f with sur- geons, a case for a broken bone ; with shipwrights, a frame of timber raised along the outside of a ship. To Crajmue, kr4'dl. v. a. To lay in a cradle. CaAi>LC-CLOTHEs, kr&Ml-kl6ze. s Bedclothes belonging to a cradle. CRArT,krift.s.(79). Manual art, trade; Grxiid, cuoDing ; sroaU sailing vessels. To Craft, krlft. v. n. To play tricks. Obsolete. Craftily, kr^ft^-l^. ad. Cunningly. artfully. Craftin ESS, kraTt^-n^s. s. Cunning stratagenk. Craftsmak, krafU'man. s. An arti- ficer, a mamifiK:turer. CaAFTSMASTER, ki^ifb^mis^i^f. s. A man skilled in his trade. Crafty, knlft^. a. Cunning, artful Crag, krag. s. A rough steep rock ; the ragged protuberances of rocks ; the neck. Cragof.d, kr%'gW. a. (366). Fall of incqtudjties simI prominences. CftAc&KDKESs, krag'g6d-n^ s. Ful oess of crags or prominent rocks. pedo, which benumbs the hands of those that touch it. Crampiron, krdnip^-i(ini. t. See C&. Cranage, kr4'nkiie. s. (90). A Kber- ^ to use a crane mr drawing up warea from the Tesseb. Cr ane, kr&ne. ^ s. A bird with a long beak ; an instrument made with ropei!, pullies, snd books, by which great weights are raised ; a crooked pipe for drawingliquors oat of a cask. Cranes Bill, kr&nz'bll. s. An herb ; a pair of pincers terminating in a point, used by surgeons. Cranium, kri'n^-tai. s. (507). The skull. Crank, krangk. s. (408). A crank is the end of an iron axis turned square down, snd again turned square to the first turning down ; sny ben kr^d'^-bl-n^s. 8. Cre- dlbirtu-, worthiness of belief, just claim to belief. Credibly, kr^d'^-bld. ad. In a man ner that claims belief Cbedit, krcd'it. s. Belief; honour, re- puution, good opinion ; faith, testimony,- trust reposed; promise given; uiiluence, power not compulsive. To C&EDiT, kred'it. v. a. To believe ; to procure credit orhonour to any thing; to trust, to confide in ; to admit as a debtor. Creditable, krMlt-t^l. a. Reputa- ble, above contempt j estimable. CREDITABLftNESS, krWlt-H-bl-D^S. S. Reputation, estimation. Creditablt, krWit-a-bW. ad. Repu- tabiy, without disgrace. I CRED'rroR, krtd'it-tilr. 8.(166). Hetoj whom a debt is owed, he that gives cre- dit, correlative to debtor. Credulity, krij.dAM6-t^. s. Easiness of belief Credulous, kr&i'ju-ias. a. (367) (293), Apt to believe, unsuspecting, easi- ly deceived. CREDUL0U8.VESS, krWjfi-lAwi^s. s. Aptness to believe, credulity. Creed, kriW. s. A form of words in which the articles of faith are compre- hended; any solemn profession of princi- ples or opimon. To Creek, kr^^k. v. a. To make a harsh noise. Creek, ki^^k. s. (246). A prominence or jut in a winding coast ; a small port, a bay, a covci' Crileky, kr^^'k^. a. Full of creeks, unequal winding. ToCREEp,kr^6p.v.n.(246). To move with the belly to the ground without legs ; to grow along die ground, or on otlier supports; to move forward without bounds or leaps, aa insects ; to mo\ e slowly and fcebiy ; to move timorously, without soar- ing, or venturing; to behave wtth servili- ty, to ikwn, to bend. Creeper, kr^^'pdr. s. (98). A plant that supports itself by means of some stronger bod\r; an iron used to slide alonff the grate in kitcbena ; a kind of patten or ck^ worn by women. CKEEPHOLEjtofei^p'hile. s« A bole mtd which any animal may creep to escane danger; a subterfuge, an excuse. ^^ Creepingly, krd^p'ing-ld-.ad. irlowly, after the manner of a reptile. . ToCrepitate, kr^p'^-tite. v.n. {9J V To make a small crackling noise. Crepitation, krep-i-ti'shiin. s. A small crackling noise. Crept, ki tpt. Paiticip. from Ci-eep. CREPuscLLE,kr^-peis'kiile.s.Twilight. Creplsculous, krt.pfi5'kii.|fts. a. Glimmering, m a state between light «id darkness. Crescent, krfis'sint. a. Increasinjr, growing. ^ Crescent, kr^s'scnt. s. The moon in her state of increase, any similitude of the moon increasing. Crescive, krds'slv. a. (1 58). Increaa- hig, growing. Cress, kr^s. s. An herb. Cresset, kr^s's^t. s. (99). A great hght set upon a beacon, light-house, qp watch-tower. Crest, krdst. s. The plume of feathers on the top of the helmet; the ornament of the helmet in heraldry ; any tuft or oma- ment of the head ; pride, spirit, fire. Crested, krds't^d. a. Adorned with plume or crest ; wearing a comb. CREST-FALLEN^kr^st'fdJn.a. Dejected, sinik, heartless, spiritless. CRESTLEss,kresta^s. a. Not dignified with coat armour. Cretaceous, kr^-tA'shiis. a. Abounds mg with chalk, chalky. CRETATED,kr6'ti-t6d.a. Rubbed with chalk. Crevice, kp^v'is. s. (140). A crack, a cleit. Chew, kr^i. s. (339). A company of people associated for any purpose ; tte company of a ship. It is now generally used m a bad sense. CR£w,kr66. The preterit of Crow. Crewel, kr66'il.s. (99). Yam twisted and wound on a knot or ball. Crib, krib. s. The rack or manger of a stable,- the stall or cabin of an ox; a ^ small habitation, a cottage. To Crib, krib. v. a. 1 o shut up in a Jiarrow habitation, to cage ; to steal. A ic»w phrase. CRiDBAGE,krib'hjdje.s. (90). Aeame at caixls. ^ Cribration, kri-bri'fthiin. a. 025). TheactofsifUng. CRI 3S2 CRT jt?' (559).— .Fite, far, fUI, £&t ^-ln&, m^ ;-'i>iiie, pin ;--- Crick, krlck. s. The noise of a door; a painful stiflfhess in the neck. CBicKETrkrik'kit. s. (9^). An insect that speaks or chirps about ovens and fire- places ; a sport, at which the contenders drive a ball with sticks ; a low seat or stool. Crier, kri'Ar. s. (98). The officer whose business is to cry or make procla- mation. Crimb, krime. a. An act contrary to right, an oiience, a mat fault Crimeful, krime'ml. a. Wicked, cri- minaL Crimelbss, krlme'l^. a* Innocent, without crime. CarMiKAL, krlm'^-n&I. a. (88). Faalty, contrary to right, contrary to duty ; guilty, tainted with crime ; not civil, as a crimi- nal prosecution. Criminal, krim'6-n4l. s, A man accu- sed of a crime ; a man guilty of a crime. CRiMiNALLT,kr}m'^-nil-]^. ad. Wick- edly, guiltily. Criminal NESS, krlm'A-nil-n^s. s. Guiltiness. CRfMiNATioK,krlni-^-n4'shAn.s. The act of accusing, arraignment, charg^. Criminatory, krlra'i-n4-tiir-r6. a. j(512). Relating to accusation, accusing. Crimivous, krim'^-nAs. a. Wicked, imqiiitous. Criminouslt, krim'e-nfts-li.ad. Very wickedly. Crimivouskess, krlm'^-nAs-nds. s. Wickedness, (^It, crime. Crimp, krlmp. a. Crisp, brittle, easily crumbled. To CRiMPL£,krlm'p]. v. a« (405). To contract, to cause to shrink, to curi. Cri M80N,krlm'zn. s. O 70). Rod, some what darkened with olue ; red in gene ra). To Crimson, krlm'zn. v. a. To dye with crimson. Crincum, kringk^dm. a. A cramp; whimsy. A cant word. Cringe, krinje. s. Bow, servile civili To Cri no e, krinje. v. a. To draw toge tlier, to contract Little used. To Cringe, krinje. v.n. To bow, to pay court, to fawn, to flatter. Crinigerous, kri-nld'j^-r(is. a. (123). Hairy, o\-ergrown with hwr. To Criukle, kring'kl. v. n. To go in and out» to run in flexures. Obsolete. Crinosb^ krl-o&se'. Hairy, full of hair. Cripple, krip'pl. 8.(405). Alameman. To CRfPPLE, krlp^pl. V. a. To lame, to make lame. Cri ppLENE8s,krlp'pl-n^. s.LAineDe5S. Crisis, krl'sls. s. The point in which the disease kills, or changes to the bet- ter; the point of time at which any aflair comes to the height. Crisp, krisp. a. Curled; indented, winding; brittle, friable. To Crisp, krlsp, v. a. To curl, to con- tract into knots ; to twist ; to indent j to run in and out Crisp ATI ON, krls-p&'sh{in. s. The act of curling: the state of being curled. C R I spimg-pi n, kris'ping-pin. s. A curl- ing-iron. Crispness, krlsp'n^s. s. Curledness. Crispy, krls'p^. a. Curled. Criterion, krt't^'r^-fln. a* (123), A mork by which any thing is judged of, with regard to its goodness or badness. |C3^ The plural of this word, like phenome- na an^ a few others, seems to be esu- blished by the prevailing propriety of ap- pearing learned in Greek ana Latin ; and an Eilrlishman who should in the simpli- city of his heart write or pronounce erite- riont for criteria would be phied or de- spised. Till lately, however, there was a reluctance at oflending our own analo- gy i and tliough criteria was used, it vr as generally shown to be an alien by printing it in a different character ; but pedantry has at last so far prevailed as to associate it without distinction, and by tliis means ' to add to the disgraces of our language. Critic K, krk'ik. s. A man skilled in ihe art of judging of literature ? a censu- rer, a rann apt to find fault. Critic K, knt'ik. a. Critical, relating to criticism. CRiTicK,krlt1k.a. A critical examina- tion, critical remarks ; science of cnticism. Critical, krit'i-kil. al Exact, nicely judicious, accurate ; relating to criticism ; captious, inclined to find fault ; compris* ing the time at which a grest event is de- termined. Critically, krit'^-kal-^. ad. In a cri- tical manner, exactly, curiously. Criticalness, krlt'^-kul-n^s* s. Ex- actness, accuracy. To Criticise, krit'^-sia.v. n» (153). To play the cri tick, to judge ; to animad- vert upon as faulty. ToCRiTicisE,krit'c-aize. v.a» Toccn- sure, to pass judgment upon. € »0^ sas CRO Cmmcts«,kiit'^-slzni. 8. Criticism is a fltandmrd of judginf^ well ; remait, ani- nadTernon* critical obserrations. To C&0AK9 kr6ke. ▼. d. To make a boarae low noiae like afiogp t to caw or cry aa % raren or crow. CaoAK,kr6ke. s. The erf or voice of a frog or raren. Cbockvs, kr6'sh6<^. a. (357). Con- siating of aaffitxn, like aaffi^n. Crock, kr6k. s. A cup, any veaael made of earth. CaocK£&T,kr6k'Ar-^. s. (555). Earth- en-ware. CBocoDiuKtkr6k'&^l]. s.(U5). All amphibioiia voncioua axiimal, in ahape re- sembling a iisard, and found in Egypt and the Indiea. OCT* Mr. Sheridan. Br. Reoriclc. Mr. Scott, W. Johtnton, and Petty, make the i in the last tyUMe abort, aa I have done ; and Buchanan ia the only one who makes it long. CaoKUB, krAliAs. a. An early flower, CaoTT, kf6ft. ft. A little cIom joining to a hooae that is naed ibr com or pasture. C&oisADft, kr6^-B^e'. a. A holy war. —See CauSAna. CBOIS28, kr^'a^. a. Pilgrima who 'acroaa; aolfiera who fight against Ckovb, krtoe. a. An old ewe ; in con- tempt» aa old woman. C&ON Y, kr6'nj6.«. An old acquaintance Crook, krd6k. a. Any crooked or bent instrament ; a sheep-hook ; any thing bent. ToCRooKfkrMk. v.a. Tobend,totum into a hock ; to perrert ^m rectitude. Crookback, krd6k1>ik. s. A man that faaa gibbons shoulders. Cbookbackud, krddk'b4kt. a. (359). Haying bent shoulders. CRooK£D,kMdk'&La.(366)* Bent^not straight, cur\^ ; tending, oblique; per- verse, untoward, without rectitude of mhid. Cbookki>i.t, kr66k'£d-I£. ad. Not in a straight line ; untowafrdly, not compli- adtl/. CaooKJSDXESSy kr66k^dd-n£a« s. Devi- ation from atrati^tness, cur?ity; de^r- mity of a jgibbous body. Cro?, kr6p. • s. The craw of a bird. Crotfulz.^ kr6p'f&l. a. Satiated with a fuU beDy. Cropsicki kr6p'alk. a. Sick with ex- cess and debauchejry. bill ;«-id{l ;— pA(knd ;*^Am9 this. Crop, krAp. a. The harvest, the com gathered off the field ; any thing cut off. ToCrop, kr6p. v. a. To cut off the ends of any thing, to mow, to reap ; pa cut off the ears. To Crop, kr6p. v. n. To yield har- vest Not used. Cropper, kr^p'pdr. a. A kind of pi- geon with a large crop. Crosier, kr^'zb^^r. s. (451) (453). The pastoral staff of a bishop. Croslet, kr6s1dt. s. (99). A small cross. Cross, kr6s. s. One straight body laid at riffht angles over another ; the en- sign of the Chriatian religion ; a monu- ment with a cross upon it to excite devo- tion, such as were anciently set in mar- ket-places; aline drawn through another i any thing that thwarts or obstructs, mis- ftirtune, hindrance, vexation, opposition, misadventure, trial of patience ; money so called because marked with a cross. Cross, krds. a. Transverse) fidiing athwart aomething eUe ; adverse,opposite s perverse, untractable; peevish, fretful, ill- humoured ; contruy, contradictory ; con- trary to wish, unfortunate. Cross, kr6s. prep. Athwart, so aa to intersect any tlung ; over, horn side to side. To Cross, kr6s. v. a. To lay one body, or draw one line athwart another ; to sign with the cross ; to maik out, to cancel, as to cross an article ; to pass over ; to thwart, to interpose obstruction ; to counteract i to contravene, to hinder by authority; to contradict ; to be inconsistent. Cross-bar-^hot, kr6s'b4r-sh6t. s. A round shot, a great bullet, with a bar of iron put through it To Cross-examine, kr68'^gz-im%. V. a. To try the faith of evidence by cap- tious questions of the contrary party. Cross-stapf, kr6s'st&f. s. An instru- ment commonly called the fore-staff, used fay seamen to take the meridian altitude of the sun or stars. C RossBi T e, kros'bite . s. A deception, a cheat. To Crossbite, kr6s1>ite. v. a. To contraverse by deception. Crossbow, . krAs^bo. s. A missive weapon formed by placing a bow athwait a stock. CRQ8SORAIN£D,krAs«^r^d^ a.(359). Having the fibres transverse or irregular t perverse, troublesome, vexatious. Crossly, kr6s'l^. ad. Athwart, so as to intersect aomething dse ; oppoaitely, 2 C C R O 3H CR U V {559).^tkie, tkvy tUli f&t ;-^4iii, mit;— pine, pinj adve^ly» in opposition to ; unfortuiiateiy. Crossness, krds'n^s. s. Transverse- ness, intersection ; penrerseness^ pee- vishness. Crossrow, kr6s-r&^ s. Alphabet, so named because across is placed at tlie be- ginning, to show that the end of learning is piety. CROsswiND,kr6sVind. s. Windblow- ing from the right or left— ^ee Winil Cross WAT, kros^wA. s. A small ob- scure path intersecting the chief road. Cross WORT, krdsVtirt. s. (166). A plant CrotcH) kr6t3h. s. A hook. Crotchet, kr6t8h'^. s. (99). In musick, one of the notes or characters of time, equal to half a miniBi ; a piece of wood fitted into another to support a building; in printing, hooks in which words are included ^tbus] ; a perverse conceit, an odd fancy. To Crouch, kr^^Uh. ▼. n. (313). To stoop k)w, to lie close to the ground ; to fawn, to bend servilely. Croup, krddp.s. (315). Thenunpof a fowl ; the^uttocks of a horse. Croupades, kr66-p&dz\ s. Are higher leaps than those of corvets. Crow, kr6. s. (324). A large black bird that feeds ufxm the carcasses of beasts ; a piece of iron used as a lever ; the voice of a cock» or the noise which he makes in his gayety. Crowfoot, ki*6^. s. A flower. To Crow, kri. v. n. Pret. Crew or Crowed. To make the noise which a cock makes ; to boast, to bully, to vapour. Crowd, krd^d. s. (323). AuiuMtode confusedly pressed together ; a promis- cuous medley ; the vulgar, the p6pttlace ; a fiddle. To Crowd, kriftd. v. a. To fill with confused multitudes ; to press close to- gether ; to ineumber by multitudes ; To crowd saU, a sea^ phrase, to ipread wide the sails upon the yards. To Crowd, kr6(id. v. n. To swarm, to be numerous and confused ; to thrust among a multitude. Crowder, kr6t!l^d^. s. A fiddler. Cro w KEEPER, kr&'k^-pAr. 8. A scare- crow. Crown, kr6(in. a. (324). The orna- ment of the head which denotes imperial and regal dignity j a garland ; a reward, honorary dlitinction} regal power, royal- ty ; the top of the head ; the top of any thii^f, as ojf a mountain; part of the hat that corers the head ; a piece of money ; honour, ornament, decoration; compI«* tion, accom]dishment. Crown-imperial, kr6(m-im-p^Y£-dl* s. A plant. To Crown, kr6(in. v. a. To invest with tEe crown or regal ornament ; to cover as with a crown; to dignify, to adorn, to mtdce illustrious ; to reward, to recompence ; to complete, to perfect ; to terminate, to finish. Crownolass, krddn'gUs. a. The finest sort of t^ndow glacis. Crownpost, kr6Cin'^t. s. Apost» which,in some buildings,8taads uvright in the middle, between two princ^al nmrs. CRowNscAB,kr6{ui'8c4b. a* A stink* tng filthy scab round a horse's hoof. Crownwheel, kr6{kn^w£le. s. The^ upper wheel of a watch. Crownworks, krodn'wib'ks* s. la fintification, bulwarks advanced towards the field to gain some hill or rising gnmnd. CRowN£T,kr6{^n'^t.s. The same with OQironet » chief end» last purpose. Crotlstone, kr6Q'st6ne. a. Crystal* lized cauk. Crucial, krWsh^-fti. a. (357). Transverse, intersecting one another. Ta Cruciate, krd6^8h^-4te. v. a. To torture^ to torment, to excruciate. Crucible, krd6^s^-bl. 8. Achynust*s melting-pot made of earth. CRuciFERou8,kr6d-sif^-rAs.a. Bear- ing the cross. Crucifier, krd6's^-f l-i&r. a. He that infiicts the punishment of crucifixion. Crucifix, krdd's^-fiks. s. A repre- sentation in picture or statuary of our Lord*s passion. Crucifixipn, kr66-s£-fik'sh^. s. The punishment of nailing to a cross. CRUciFORtii, krd6's^46nn. a. Hav- ing the form of a cross. To Crucify, krWs^-£i. v. a. (183). To put to death by naifing tlie hands and feet to a cross set upright Crude, kr66d. a. (339). Raw, not subdued by fire ; not changed by any pro- cess or preparation r har^, unripe ; un- connected; not well digested; notbrcmghi to perfection, immature ; havingindigeal- ed notions. Crudely, kr6Ml^. ad. Unripcly, without due preparation. Crudekess, kr66d'n6s. s. Unripe* ness, indigestion. Crudity, kr66'dM^. s. Indigestion, inconcoctlon, uarip^ness* want of ma« turity. c R tr S35 CRY X:»UBL, kiMTl, a. (339) (99). Pleas^ ynth hurting othen, iiihuinan» h«rd- liearted, barbarous ; of things, bloo4y, mischievous, destruetive. Ckvellt, krdd'll-l^. ad. In a cruel maimer, inhamanly, barbarously. CRVKL9ESS, krd6'U-n^ s. lahumani' ty, cruelty. Cbuelty, kr6&11-tft. s. Inhunnanity, ssvageness, barbarity. CjitTEifTATE, krd6'to-tAte. a. (91). Smeared with blood. CanuT, kr661t. s. (99). A phial for ▼inegar or oiL Citvtsi^.kr4ds. s. (339). A small cup. CRUiaE, kr66z. s. A voyage in search of plunder. To (JRUISE, krd^. ▼.n.(44 1 ). To rove #T«r the sea in search of pltmder ; to wander on the sea without any certain coarse. CKUISBR9 krdd^iAr. & One that roves upon the sea in search of plunder. CBCMB,?^'"- J»- The «,ft part of bread, not the crust ; asmall particle or frag^ment of bread. ToC.RUMBLE,krikm1)l. v.a. (405). To break into small pieces, to comminute- To Crumble, krdm'bL v. n. To fell into smaU pieces. Crum MT9 krdm'm^. a. Soft. Crump, krdmp. a. Ctookedintheback. To Crumpls, krtoi'pl. v. a. To draw into wrinkles. Crumvlihg, krdmp^llng. s« Asm^l degenente ap|^. Crupper, krtp'p^. s. (98). That part of the honeman's fumiture that riches from the saddle to the tail. Crvrai^ krM^r4|. a. Belonging to the leg. Crusade, kr6d-84de^? Anexne- CHt?8Ano,kr66^d'dA.S Ancxpc- (Isfeion against the mfideU ( a coin stamped -with a cpss. Cruset, krMSlt a. (99)* A gold- smith's melting-^ot. To CjiusR^ kftah, v. a« To press be- tween two4^pposite bodies^ to squeeze ; to pKsa with TioleBce: to overwhelm, to beat down; to subdue, to depress^ to dispirit. CmvftR, krWi. a. A coHu^on. CatraT^kH^ s. Any sheU, or external coat ; azi incrustation, collection of matter jjxto a hard body; thc^ase of a pye made bA!l;<**«6U;— pd{ind;— r^in, this. of meal, and baked ; the outer hard piirt of bread; a waste piece of bread. To Crust, krdst. v. a! To envelop, to cover with a hard case ; to foul with con- cretions. To Crust, krdst. v. n. To gather or contract a crust. Crustaceovs, kHis-ti'shAs. s. (357). Shelly, with joints ; not testaceous. Crustacsousvess, krAs-^i'ah^s-n^s. 8. The quality of having jointed shells. Crustily, kr^^t£4^, ad. Peevil^hlf; snappishly. Crustiness, kr^s't^-n^. s. The qua- lity of a crust ; peevishness, mwoseness. Crustt, krAs't^. a. Covered with a crust ; sturdjr, iporose, snappish. Crutch* krutsh. s. A support used by cripples. To (Crutch, kHitsh. v. a. To support on crutches as a cripple. To Cry, kri. v.n. To speak with ve- hemence and loudness ; to call importu- nately ; to proclaim, to make pubUck ; to exclaim ; to utter lamentation { to squall, as an infant ; to weep, to shed tears ; to utter an inarticulate voice, as an anim|U ; to yelp, as a hound on a scent. To Cry,' krl. v. n. To proclaim pub-r Uckly something lost or found. To Cry Dowk, kri-d6An'. v. a. To blame, to depreciate, to decay ; to prohi- bit; to overbear. To Cry Out, krWftt'. v. n. To ex* claim, to scream, to clamour ; to c „. , , C.TPTicK, krl/tlk. { ^H'dden, secret, occult. Cryptically, kxlp'ti-k&i-le. ad. Oc- cultly, secretly. Cryptopraphy, krlp:t6g'gra-ft, 9. CVS $ss cue J7- (559).— F4te, ftr, ttU, -fit (518). The act of ^omtinf^ secret charac ten s secret characters, cyi>heTS. Chyftology, krlp-t6ri6-j^. s. (5.18). .augniatical language. Crystal, kris'tai. s. Crystals are hard, pellucid, and naturally colourless bodies, of regularly anjrular figures ; Crystal is also used for ^ mctkious body cast in the glass-hoitses, called also crystal glass, •which is carried to a degfree of perfec- tion beyond the common glass ; Crystals, in chymistry, express silts or other mat- ters shot or congealed in manner of crystal. Crystal, kris'til. a. Consisting of crystal ; bright, clear, tranaparent { lucid, pellucid. -, < krla'til-iine. > , Crystalline, J ,,ris'dU-iin. S (148) (149). Consisting of crystal ; bright, clear, pellucid, transparent . Crystallii^e Humour, krls^t&l«lbe , pp kris't4l-lin u'mAf. s* The second humour of the eye, that lies jaimediately , * next to the aqueous behind the uvea. Crystallization, kris-til-16-z4'- shtm. s. Congelation into crystals The mass formed by congelation or con. cretion. To Crystallize, krls'til-Hze. v. a. To cause to congeal or concrete in crystals. To Crystallize, ki'is'til-lize. ▼. n. (159). Tocoagulatei congeal, conawte, pr shoot into crystals. Cub, kdh. s. The yoang of a beast, ge* nerally of a bear or fox ; the young of a whale I In reproach, a young boy or girL To Cub, kAb. v. a. To bring forth. LiUle used. Cu RATION, k(t*b4'shtki. 8. The act of l3ring down. CuBATORY,k4'b4.tAr-^. a. (512). Re cumbent. , Cu B A T u RE, ki'i'bi-tftre . s. The finding exactly the solid content of any proposed body. Cube, kibe', s. A regular solid body^ consisting of six sauare and equal faces o> sides, and the angles all right, and there, fore equal. Cube Root, k4beV66t. > «,, CuBicKRooT,kA'blk-rA6t. 5 ^ '^'^c origin of a cubick number, or a number by the multiplication of which into itself, and again into the product, any given number is formed. Thus 2 is the cube ro (509) root of a Hav. Cubic AL, ktilj^-kai. ? CcBiCK,k6^ik. \ ^ ing the form or pr(if)erties of a cube ; it ia a^lcdtORumben: the number of four muhiplied iBto itself, produoes the aquere number of sixteen, and that a|ndn multi- plied by four produceth the cubick num- ber of sixty-four. Cubic ALNESS} kft^-ktl-n^. a. The state or quality of being cubical. CuBicuLART, kA-bik'kt-l^.^. a. Fit- ted for the posture of lying dowp. Cubiform, k^'b^-f^rm. a. Of the shape of a cube. Cubit, k^'blt. s. A measure in use amon|^the lincieiits, which was ori^ally the distance from the elbow, bendmg m- wards to the extremity of the middle fin- ger. CuBiTAL,k(i^-t&l.a. Containing only the length of a 6ubit. Cue KOLD, k^'k(Ud. 8. ( 1 66). One that 18 married to an adultress. To Cuckold, k^k'kAld. v. a. To rob a a man of his wife's fidelity; to wrong a husband by unchasttty. Cockoldly, kdk^dld*!^. a. Having the qualities of a cuckold, poor, mean. CuCKOLDMAKER,kAk'kAld-Tn^-kAr. 8. One that makes a practice of cotrupting' wives. CucKOLDOM,kAk'kAl-dAm. s. The act of adultery ; the state of a cuckold. CucEOO, k^lk'kdd. 8. (174). A bird which appears in the spring, and is said to suck the eggs of other birds, and lay her own to be hatched in their pbce i a name of contempt Cuckoo-bud, kuklcd6-bAd. ' > Cuckoo-flower, k(kkl^dd4M-4r. 3 s. The name of a flower. Cuckoo-spittle, k^k^kftd-splt-tl. a. A spumous dew found upon plants, with a ItUle insect in it Cucullate, kA-kdriite. (91). > CUCULLATED, k^-kiWId-tW. ) Hooded, covered, as with a hood or eo wl 5. having the resemblance or shape of ahood. Cucumber, kiftlt^m-btkr. s. (159). The name of aplant, and iruitof thatptant. G:^ In some counties of England* especially in the West, this word is pronounced as if wriUen Coocumber : this, though rather nearer to the orthography than ^npcwm- A^, 18 yet faulty, in adopting the obtuse u heard in buli, rather than the open u heard in Otcumii, the Latin word whence Ot^ cumber n derived : thongh from the adop- tir. Johnson*s spellmg in t^ wixrd, though I think it not so cor- rect as oumc, the oririnal French, and which he has himself followed in his e. Relatr ing to the kitchen. To Cull, kid. v* a. To select from others. Ct'LLEa, kttldr. s. (9S). One who picks or chooses. bW;— ^tl;— p^&nd;~Mhi, this. CuLLioH, kU'yAn. s. (113). A acoun* drel i a mean wretch. CuLLioNLT, ki&I'yi^n-l^. a. Having the qualities of culHon, mean, base. CuLLT, kM^6. 8. A man deceived or imposed upon. To Cully, kW^, v. a. To befool, to cheat, to impose upon. CuLMiFERous, km-iTilfffi-rAs. a. Cul- miferous plants are such as have a smooth jointed stalk, and their seeds are contain- ed in cha£y hUsiis. To Culminate, ki!ii'm^-nAte. v.n. To- be vertical* to be in the meridian. CuLMiNATioN,kAl-m^-n4'ahChi.s« The transit of a planet through the meridian. Culpability, k^-p^-bir^-t^. a. B^meableness. Culpable, k^rpA-bl. a. (405). Cri- minal, blameable, blameworthy. Culpablkness, k^'p4-bl-n£s. s. Blame, guilt. Culpably, kArp&-bl^. ad. Blameably, criminally. CuLPBiT,kdrprlt. 8. A man arraigned before his judge. Culter, kul'tur. s. The iron of the plough perpendicular to the share.-*See COULTES. TdCuLTivATE, kfirti-vite. v. a. To forward or improve the product of the earth by manual indastry ; to improve, to meliorate. Cultivation, kAl-t^-vd'shi^n. 8. The art or practice of improving soils, and for- warding or meliorating vegetables ; im- provement in general, melioration. Cultivator, kiM'td-vi-idr. s. (521). One who improves, promotes, or melio- rates. Culture, kil'tshire. s. (461). The act of cultivation ; art of improvement and melioration. To Culture, k^'tahure. v. a. To cul* tivate, to till. Not used. Culver, ktll'vAr. s. (98). A pigeon* Old word. Culverin, k^'v£-rln. s. A species of ordnance. Culver KEY, ki£d'v^r-k^. s. A species of flower. To Cumber, kAtnliar. v. a. (v)8). To embarrass, to entangle, to obstruct ; to crowd or load with something useless ; to involve in difficulties and dangers, to dis- tress ; to busy, to distract witl* multiplici- ty of cares ; to be troublesome in any place. C U N 3S6 C UR 17" (559).— F4tc, far, QUI, fit ;— m^, mdt ^— pine, pin ^- Cumber, Wm'bAr. s. Vexation, em-' Cunning-maw, kftn-oing-inte'. s. A man who pretends to tcil fortunes, or barrassm ent. Not used Ct/MBKusoME,kiim'bdr-3flm. a. Trou- blesoiae, vexatious; burtliensoroe, em- burraasing, unvieldly» unnaana^able. CuMBERsoMELYf k^m'bAr-3flni"J^. ad. In a troublesome manner. CuMBERsoMENEss, ki^m'bdr-sdm-ii^s. 8. £ncumbrance, hindrojtce, obstruction. CuMBRANCE, kAm'brlnse. s. Burthen, hindrance, impediment. Cumbrous, kdm'briis. a. Troublesome, resa6ou8, distui-blnf^; oppressive, bur- thensome; jumbled, obstructing each other. CuMFREV, ki^^mTr^. s. A medicinal plant.— See Comfeky. Cummin, kAm'min. s. A plant. (jCj* This word, before Dr. Johnson'sDiction- ary altered it, was, I beliieve, universally spelled with double m. Our ancestors wer6 home-bred enough to think, that if we received a word from the Latin, aifd conformed to the quantity of that languajPe, that it was necessary to show that conror- mity by a specific orthography of our «ttrn. Thus, the first « in Ctiminiiffii Deing" short, they doubled the m to indicate that short- liess ; as the analogy of our language would infallibly pronounce the u long, if tlie con- sonant were single in tlie same mamier as in Cubic, Cupid, &c. — See Dbama. To Cumulate, ki'md-lAte. v, a. To heap togctlier. Cumulation, k(^rm6-U'shi3ai. s. The jict of heaping together. CuNCTATioNjktink-tA'shftn. s. Delay. procrastination, dilatoriness. CuNCTAT0R,k^k-t4'tdr. s. One given to delay, a lingerer. CuNEAL, ku'n?-4L a. Relating to a wedge, having the form of a wedge. CuNEATEo, kQ'n^-&4^d. a. Made in form of a wedge, Cuneiform, ki!i*n6'^-f6rm. a. Having the form of a wedge. CuNNERy kiin'niir. s. A kind of fish less than an o^'ster, that sticks close to the rocks. Cunning, kiin'ning. a. (410). Skilful, knowing, learned ; performed with sldll, artful; artfully deceitful, trickish, subtle, crafty. Cunning, k&n'ning. s. Artifice, deceit, slyness, sleight, fraudulent dexterity; art, skdl, knowledge. Cunningly, k!!b'nlng«16. ad. Artfiilly; 9lyly« cnftily. teach how to recover stolen goods. CuNNiNGNEss, kto'nlng-Q^. 8. Oe- ceitfulness, sljuess. Cup, kf^p. s. A small vessel to drink out of; the liquor contained in the cup, the draught ; social entertainment, merry bout ; any thing hollow like a cup, as the husk of an acorn ; pup and Can, familiar companions. To Cup, kfip. v. a. To supply with cups— obselite ; to draw blood by apply- ing cupping glasses. Cupbearer, ki^'b4-ri^r. s. AnoSicer of the king^s household ; an attendant to give wine at a fe^t Cupboard, kAb1>Ard. s. (412). Acase with shelved, in which victuals or earth" en ware is placed. Cupidity, k4-pid'6«rti. s, (511). Concupiscence, i^lawful longing. Cupola, k6'p6-ld. s« (92). A dome, Uie hemispherical summit of a building. CupppR, kt^p'ptir. s. One who applies cupping-glasses^ a. scarifier. Cuf piNc-GLASs, k4-bl-n$s. s, Possi'* bility to be healccL Curacy, k^'HL-s*. s. Employment of a curate, cmplojTnent i;^rhich a hired der- g^Tuan holds under the beneficiary. Cuhatf., k^-r4te. s. (91). A clergy- man hired to perform the duties of ano- Uicr ; a parish priest Curateship, kti'r^te^ip. a. The same with curacv. Curative, kdVa-tiv. a. (157). Re- lating to the cure of diseases^ not preser- vative. Curator, ki-rA't6r. s. (521). One that has the care and superintendence of any thing. CuRB,k6rb« s. A curb is an iron chain, made fiwt to the uper ppirt of the branches of the bridle, running over the beard of thehorse; restraint, itmibltion, apposition. To Curb, ktirb. v. a. To guide a horse with a curb ( to restrain, to inhibit| to check. CUR 2S9 CUR Curb, k^rd. s. The coagulation of milk . To Cub d, ktlrd. v. a . To turn to curds, tocadse tooouniUte. ToCuRDLis, kfird'dl. v. n. (405). To coigulate, to concrete. To (fuRDLEy kArd^dl. r. a. To cause CcEBT, kiir'd^. a. Coagulated, con- creted, fiiU of curdfl, curdled. CuR^kAre. s. Remedy, restorative; act of healing ; the benefice or employ- ment of a curate or clergj'man. To CuRK, kirc. V. a. To heal, to re- store to heahh, to remedy ; to prepare in aTi!f manner, so as to be preserved from ' corruption. CuRELEssi kdre^^. a. Without cui^e, vridibut remedy. CvRER, k&'r^. s. (98). A healer, a phjaician. Curfew, ktlr^fii. s. An evening peal, by which the Conqueror willed, that ere- Tf man should take op his fire, and put out las light i a cover for a fire, a fire -plate. CcRiALiTT, kd-r^-il'^-t^* 8. The pri- vileges or retinue of a court CuRiosiTT, kii n&-6s'^-t6. 9. Inquin* titeneas, inclination to inquiry; nicety, delicacy,- accm«cy, exactness ; an act of curioKtyj nice experiment, an object of curiosityi rarity. CuRiou% klJt'^r^-As. a. (314). Inquisi- tive, deairoos of information ; attentive to, diligent about; accurate, careful not to mistake ; difficult to please, solicitous of perfectioD ; exact, nice, subtle ; elegant, neat, laboured, finished. CuRiovsi*T, ktfr^-fis^6. ad. Inquisi- tively, attentively, studiously ; elegantly neatly ; artfully, exactly. CcxRX, kM. s. A ringlet of hair; un dulalion, ware, sinuosity, flexure. To Curl, kdrl. v. a. To turn the hair in lingkiU: to writhe, to twist ; to dress with curls; to raise in waves, undula tions, qr sinuosities. ' To CCEL, kiirf. V. n. To shrink into rin^^cts ; to nse in undulation ; to twist itself Curlew, ki&r'mu s. A fcand of water- fonH ; a bird larger than a partridge, with kmgerlega. CvKMUBCEox, kdr-mfid'jfin. s. (259) An avaricious churlish feuow, a miser, a »*»ggard, a griper. CrRMrnGEoifLY, k^r-raAd'j{bv-le. a. (259). Avsricious, covetous, churlish, niggirdly. bAll;-«Atl;— pA^d;*-*/Ain, this. Currant, kdr'rte. s. The tree; a small dried grape, properly written Co- rinth, from the place it came from. Currency^ kAr'r^n-s^. s. Circulation, power of passing from hand to hand ; ge- neral reception ; fluency, readiness of ut- terance ; continuance, constant flow ; fu- neral esteem, the rate at wliich any thing is vulgarly valued ; the papers stamped in the Eiig-lish colonies by authority, and passing for money. Current, kftr'r^nt. a. Circulatory, passing from hand to hand { generally re- ceived, uncontradicted, authoritative ; common, general » popular, such as is es- tablished oy vulgar estimation ; fashion- able, popular ; passable, such as may be allowed or admitted ; what Is now pas- sing, as the current year. Current, kiir'rcnt. s. A runninjj stream ; currents are certain progressive motions of the water of the sea in several places. Currently, kfir'r^nt-l^. ad. In a con- stant motion; without opposition ; popu- larly, fashionably, generally; witliout ceasing. CuRRENTKESS,kiir'r5nt-n^s. s. Circu- lation ; general reception ; easiness of prommciation. CuRRiER,ktlr'r6-Ar. s. One who dress- es and pares leather for those who ntake shoes, or other things. CuRRisn, kfir'rish. a. Having the qua- lities of a degenerate dog, brutal, sour, quarrelsome. To Curry, kiir'r^. v. a. To dress lea- ther, to beat, to drub ; to rub a horse witli a scratching instrument, so as to smootli his coat; To curr\- favour, to become a favourite by petty ofliciousness, slight kindnesses, or flattery. Currycomb, kdr'r^-k6me. s. An iron instrument used for currying horses. To Cu RSE, kiii*se. v. a. To wish evil to, to execrate, to devote ; to afflict, to tor- ment To Curse, ki^rse. v. n. To imprecate* Curse, kurse, s. Malediction, 'v^ibh of evil to another ; aflSiction, tornicr.t, vexa- tion. Cursed, k^ir'scd. part. a. (362). Un- der a curse, hateful, detestable ; unholy, unsanctihed ; vexatious, troublesome. Cursedly, k6r's6d-le. ad. (364). Mi- serably, shamefully. Cu RSEDNEBs, kfir'sed-n^s. s. The state of being under a curse. CuRSHiPjkiJir'ship. s. Dogship, mean- € uii 340 cus (^ (559}^Fite, BuTf fjilly fit;«-ni^ mit;«-pbe9 pin; CuEftiTORfkdr's^-tAr. s. An officeror derk belonginjp to the Chancery, that , makes out original writs. CvRSoaARY, kftr'so*HL-r^. a. Cursory, hasty, careWss. CuRsoRiLTt kAr^B^^r^-^^. ad. Hastily, without care. CuRsoRiNEss,kih^s6-r^-n^. 8« Slight attention. CURSORT9 kCkr^sA-r^. a. Hasty, quick, inattentive, careless. Curst, kCirst a. Froward, peevish, mali^inant, malicious, snarling*. CuRSTMEss,kdrst'nds. s. PeevishnesSf frowardness, malignity. Curt, kArt. a. Short. To Curtail, kflr-tdle'. v. a. To cut off, to cut short, to shorten. C^ This word is said to be derived from tl^e obligation peasants were under, in the feucud times, of cutting off the tails of their dog^ ; as only gentlemen were al- lowed to have dog« with their tails on. This Dr. Johnson has shown to be a vul- gar error ; the woi-d being formerty writ- ten Qtrtalt from the Latin curto, Cu rt AiN, kar'tln. s. (208). A cloth con- tracted or expanded at pleasure ; To draw the curtain, to close «o as to shut out the light, to open it so as to disaem the ob- jects ; in fortification, that part of the wall or rampart that lies between two bastions. Curtain-lecture, k^^r'tln-I^k'tshure. s. A reproof gfiven by a wife to her hus* band in bed. To Curtain, kAr'tin. v. a. To inclose with curtains. Curtate Distance, kAr't4te dis- t&nse. s. In astronomy, the distance of a planet's place from thie sun, reduced to the ecliptic. CuRTATioN,kdr-t&'shi&n. s. The inter- val between a planet's distance from the sun and the cui*tate distance. CuRTST, kto's^. s. See Courtesy. CuRVATED, kiir'vi-tM. a. Bent. CuRVATioN, kiir-vi'shAn. s. The act of bending or crooking. Curvature, kfir'vi-tsh Are. s. (461).. Crookedness,inflexion,mannierofbending. Curve, ki&rv. a. Crooked, bent, in* fleeted. Curve, kdrv. s. Any thing bent, a flexure or crookedness. To Curve, kiirv. v. a. To bend, to crook, to inflect To Curvet, k&r-v^t'. v. n. To leap, to bound i to fridk, to be licentious. End- Curvet, k4r-T^. s. A leap> a bonndf a frolick, a prnik. Curvilinear, kAr-y&<4fai'yir. a. Con- sisting of a crooked line ; composed of crooked lines. CuRviTY, kdr'v^tA. s. Crookedness. Cushion, k(ksh^, or kdsh'An. s. (2a9). A pillow for the seat, a soft pad placed upon a chair. OC/* I have g^ven this word two sounds : not that I think they are equally in use ; lam convinced the fifst is the more geneiaJ, but because the other is but a trifling departure from it, and does not contradict .the muversal rule of pronouncing w«ds of this termination. CusHiONBD, kAsh'ind. a. (359). Seat- ed on a cushmn. Cusp, kdsp. s. A term used to express the points or horns of the mooD, or other luminary. CuspATED, k{is^p&-tM. > CuspiDATEn,kds'p«-dA-tM.S ing in a point, having the leaves of a flow- er ending in a pmnt CusTARo, k6s't&rd. 8. (88). A kind of sweetmeat made by boiling eggs with milk and sugar. Custody, kiis't6^^. s. ImprisoDment, restraint of liberty; care, pceaervation, security. Custom, kds't&m. s. (166). Habit, ha- bitual practice ; fashion, common way of acting; established manner; praetice of buying of certain persons; af^cation from buyers, as this trader has good cus- tom ; in law, a law» or right, not written, which, being establisheoby kmguse) and the consent of ancestors, 4ias &en, and is, daily practised ; tribute, tax paid for goods imported or exported. QusTOM-HousE, kds^tdm-h6(^. s. The house where the taxes upon Roods imported or exported, are coUectedl Customable, kfts'tAm-i-bl. a. Com- mon, habitual, frequent. Custom ABLENEss,kAs'tfitn-4-bl-n^s.s. Frequency, habit; conformity to custom. CusTOMABLY, kAs'ti!im4-bl6. ad. Ac- cording to custom. Customarily, kfls'tim-Ar-^-li. ad. Habitually, commonly. Custom ARiN£ss,ki&s'tfini-&r-^-n^s. s. Frequency. Customary, kCis'tAin-&r-4. a. Con- formable ta established custom, aecortl- ing to prescription ; habitual; usual* wont- CUT 341 CYC — o^ mAye^ nArj n&t;— tltf^ t6b> Cu8TOM&D,Us't&iiuLa.{359). U^ual, cpfflinon. CcsTOMBR) kAs'tftin*4r. s. One who ^nequents any pUce of sale for the s^Jce ofpurchasiog. CtsTRBl^ kAs'tr^l. t. A buckler- bearer; a vessel for holding wine. To CtJT, kiit. pret. Cut, part. pass. Cut. To penetrate with an edred instrament ; to hew ; to carve, to Tnake by sculpture ; to form any thing" by cutting* j to pierce wath anyaneaay sensation ; to divide packs of cards ; to intersect, to cross, as one line cttta another ; To cut down, to fell, to hew down, to excel, to overpower ; To cut off, to separate from the other parts, to de- stroy, to extirpate, to put to death un- timely ; to resciad, to intercept, to hinder from union, to put an end to, to take away, to withhold, to preclude, to inter- rupt, to silence, to apostrophize, to abbre- ^-iate ; To cat out, to shape, to form, to acbcjne, to contrive, to adapt, to debar, to excel, to outdo ; To cut short, to hinder from proceeding* by sadden interruption, to abtidgc, as the soldiers were cut short of their pay ; To cut up, to divide an ani- tsk^y intttfonTenient pieces, to eradicate. To Cut, kik. ▼. n. To inake its way by dividing obstractiona ; to perform the opentiofn oif catting for the stone. Ci;t, kih. part a. Rspared for use. Cut, kdt s. The action of a sharp or edg^ instmroent ; the hapression or se- paialion of continuity, made byan«dge ; a womd made by cutting ; achannel made fay art ; a part cut oif from the rest j a small pazticle, a alured ; a lot cut off a stick ; a near paasaj^e, by which some angle is cut oflT ^ a picture cut or carved upon a stamp of wood or copper, and impressed from it ; th« act or practice of dividing a pack of cards ; fashion^ finrm, aliape, manner of catting into shape ; a fool or cully ; Cut and kmg^'tail, men of all kinds. CutaJi£oc8, kik-i4'n£-ib. &. Relating to the skia. ^ Cuticle, kiiU-kl. s. (405). The first and outemuiat covering of the body, com- munly called the scarf-skin ; thm skin fiarmed on the burface of any liquor. CuTicx»i.AB, k6--tik'u.l(Iir. a; Belong- ing to the skin. CuTi-ASs, kdtlas. s. A broad cutting sword. Curr^-R, kdt'lftr. s. (98). One who makes or sells knives. CvTvuksE, kdt'pftrse. s. One who steaU hy the method of cutting purses ,• a thief, a cobber. C V ?-TKM, kfii'i^. aK*^)- An agent or b(dl ;— 6U ;— p6{ind ;«-^Ain, TR19. instrument that cuts any tiling i a nimble boat that cuts the water; the teelh that cut the meat ; an officer in the exchecjuer that provides wood for the tallies, and cuts the sum paid upcrA tliem. CuT-THROAT, k6t'/Ar6te. s. A ruffian, a murderer, an assassin. Cut-throat, kit'/Ai6te. a. Cruel, inhuman, barbarous. C^ This adjective is frequently used very absurdly (and not always by the lowest of tint people) when it is applied to a house of entertainment that charges an cxorbi- tant price ; such a house is not uncom- monly, tliough very improperly, called a Cut'tkroat'house. This sense, I see, baa been adopted by Entick ; though it ought not to have a place in any Dictionary. Cutting, kiit'tlng. s. A piece cut off, a chop. Cuttle, kiSt'iU s. (405)- A fish, which, when he is pursued by a fish of prey, throws out a black liquor. Cuttxb, kJkt'tL s. A foul-mouthed feUow. Cyclb, sild. s. (405). A circle; a round of time, a space in which the same revolutionbegins again, a periodical space of time ; a method, or account of a me- tliod oontinued till the same course be- gins again ; imaginary orbs, a circle in the heavens. Cycloid, srkl6id. s. A geometrical curve. GCt* Sheridan an4 Buchanan pronounce the y in this word short ; and Ash, Kenrick, and W. Johnston, long. CycLoiDAL,s*-kl6id'ai. a. (180). Re- lating to a cycloid. Cyclopaedia, si-klo-p£M^-&. s. A cir- cle ofknowledge, a course of the sciences. qO* I have i^ this word differed from Mr. Sheridan and Dr. Johnson, by placing the accent on the antepenultimate syllable in- stead of the penultimate. I know that Greek words of tliis termination have the accent on the penultimate syllable; bat the antepenultimate accentuation is more agree:ib1c to the genius of our tongue, and seems to have prevailed. For though Dr. Johnson has given this word the penulti- mate accent, he has placed the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of Ambrotiaf Euthanatia, and Hydrophoin^ though these have all the accent on the penulti- mate in th^ Gitrek. It is true the i in tlie last s3'llabte but one of Cyclopedia is u diphtliong in the original ; and this will in- duce tliose who are fond of showing their Greek learning to lay the accent on tlie penultimate, as its opi^sition to general usage will be an additional reason with ^D DAB 34^ DAP jt?" (559)— -Fite, filr, fill, fdt;— m^ xndt;— .pbe, pin;— them for preferrmg it The pronunciation I have adopted I see is supported by Dr. Kenrick, Entick, Scott, Perry, and Bu- chanan, which abundantly ghovrs the ge- neral current of custom* To these observations may be added, that if the i be accented, it must necessarily have the long* open sound, as in EU^iac^ and not the sound of e, as Mr. Shendan has marked it. Ctonet, slg'nit. 8. A young swan. Cylinder, sU'ln-dAr. s* A body hav- ing two flat surfaces and one circular. Cylindrical, sWln'drfi-kdl, > ^ Cylindrick, s^-lin'drlk* J Partaking of the nature of a cylinder, having the form of a cylinder. Cymar, 86-111^1^. s. (180). A slight eovering, a 8car£ Cymbal, sim'bil. s. A musical in- strument. CxNANTHROPY, 8^-nto'rAr&-p6. 8. A speciea of madness, in which men have the qualities of dogs. Cynbobticks, 8in-n6-j^t1ks. a. The art of hunting. Cynical, sin'ik-dl. > Having the Cynick, shilk. S . qualities of a dog, chuxliriiy bwtal, snarl- ing; satirical. Cynick, sln'nik. s. A philosopher of the snarling or curriiph sort, a follower of Diogenes ; a snarler, a misanthro^. Cynosure, slii'6-siire, or si'nA-sure. s. The star near the north pole, by which sailors steer. ^ I have, m the first syUabte of this wortf, contrary to Mr.Sheridan, preferred the short to the long sound oiy. My first rea- son is, that thia letter in Greek \a the same as in Crni c and CyUtidert both which have the 7 short. The next reason is, the very general rule in our lanpiage of pro- noimcing the vowel short m aU simples which have the aecent on the antepenul- timate syllable (535) (537) (503). 1 am not certain, howevtr, that the best usage is not against me. Scott has the first sound, and Sheridan and Entick the se- cond ; the rest of the Dicttonaries dther have not the word, or do not mark the quantity of the vowels. Cy PRESS-TREE, sI'pris-tT**. 8, A tall ■laaight tree: its fruit is of no use, its leaves are bitter, and the very smell and shade of it are dangeroua ; it is the em- blem of mourning. ^ Cyprus, si^prOs. s. A thin transparent black stuff. Cyst, slst Cyst IS, sls'tls. some morbid matter. Cystick, sls'tlk. a. Containing in a bag* Cystotomy, sls-t6t't6-in6. s. (518). The act or pra«{»ce of opening incyst^ tumomrs, CzAR,zir.s. The title of the Empe- ror of Russia. Czarina, afc-ri'ni. s. The Empress of Russia. ^ 8. A bag containing D. TO Dab, dto. v. a. To strike gen- tly with something soft or moist. Dab, dib. s- A small lump of any tiling J a blow with somethmg moist or soft i something moist or flimsy thrown upon one ; in low language, an artist ; a kind ofsmall flat fish. D%B-cHicR, d4b'tshik. s. A water- fowl- V rw. To Dabble, dAb^l. v. a. (405). To smear, to* daub, to wet. To Dabble, ddb'bl. v. n. To play in water, to move in water or mud ; to do any tiling in a slight manner, to tamper. Dabbler, dib'lor. s. One that plays in water; one that meddles without mas- ter^', A superficial meddler. Dace, dise. s. A smaU rivicr fish, re- sembling a roach. Dactyls, d4k'til. s. (IHS). A poeti- cal foot, consisting of one long syllabic and two short ones. 5^'''^^'!;..MA ? ^' The child's way Daddy, dad'd^. > of expres^g father. Daffodil, dArf6-dll. Daffodilly, dltf-ft-dim. Daffodowndilly, dAf-fo-d^^" dim. This plant hath a lily-flower, consisting of one leaf, which is bell-shaped. To Daft, d&ft. v. a. To toss aadc, to throw away ^fhtly. Obsolete. r^- DAM a43 DAM Dao, dig. ft. A dagger; a hand-gun, a pistoL DAGOER,dig'Ar.8-(98)(381). A short sirord, a poniard ; a blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt j used for defence ; the obehis, as [f]. DAGGERSDHAWINO^lg'drZ-driW-lng. 8. The act of drawii^ dag^rs, approach to open violence. To Dagole, dig'gl. V. a. (405). To dip negligently in mire or water, ToDAGoi.E,d4g'gl. v.n. Tobeinthe mire. DA'OGtiSTAii*,d4g'gl-tAlc. a. Beniired, bespattered. DAii.Y,d^'U. a. Happening every day, quotidian. Daii^y, dhflL ail Every day, very often. Daiktilt, dine'tA4i. ad. Elegantly, dellc«lely, ieliciously, pleasantly. Daiktikess, fline'ti^ia. a. Pelicacy, softness; elegance, nicely; sqiieamish- ness, fastidioumess. Baihty, dtoc't*. a; Pleasing to the palate ; delicate, nice, squeamish ; scru- puloos ; elegant ; nice." Dainty, d^De't^. a. Something nice or delicate, a delicacy; a word of fond- ness formerly in use. DAiBYydi'r^. a. Th6 place where milk is mami&ctured. v DAiaTMAiD, dA'r*-niide. a* The wo- man servant whose busines^is topianage the milk. Daisy, d^'z^. s. (438). A spring flower. Dale, dite. s. A vale, a valley. D ALLiAvcl^dil'i^'dnse. s.lnterch^nge of caresses, acts of fondness ; conjugal eaoversation ; delay, procrastination. DALLiERyd^lMr. a. /l$'trifler,afond fer. To Dally, dill*, v. n. To trifle, to play the fool; to exchan^ caresses, to fondle; to sport, to |^y, tofrolick; to delay. Dam, ddm. a. The mother. Dam, dim. s» A mole or bank to con- fine water. To Da m, dim. v. a. To confine, to ahut up water by moles or dams. Damage, dim'mVdje. 8. (90). Mischief, detriment; loss; the value of mischief done : reparation of damage, retribution ; mlaw, any hurt or hindrance that a man takekh in his estate. To Damage, dimldje. v. a. (90). To niadl^to injure, to impair. bftll;— AU;— pAdnd;— Mm, thi$. To Damage, dim'ldje. v. n. To take damage. Damageable, dim^dje-i-bl. a. Sus- ceptible of hurt, as damageable goods ; mischievous, pernicious. DAMAacENE,dim'zn. a. A small black plum, a damson. Damask, dim'i^sk. s. (88). Linen or silk woven in a manner invented at Da- mascus, by which part rises above the rest in flowers. To Damask, dim'&sk. v. a* (88). To form flowers upon stuffs ; to variegate, to diversify. DAMASK-ao8E, dim'j^skrr&xe* a* A red rose. Dame, dime. s. A lady, the title of . hoQour formerly given to women ; mistresH of a low family ; women in general. Dames-violet, dimz-vi'6rl^ a. Queen's gillyflower. To Damn, dim. V. a. (411). Todoom ' to eternal torments in a future state ; to procure or cause to be eternally condemn, ed ; to condemn ; to hoot or hiss uiy pub. lick performance, to explode. Damnable, dim'ni-bl. a. Desen'ing damnation. Damnably, dim'ni-bl^. a. In such a manner as to incur eternal pMnishment Damnation, dim-ni'sh4n! ^. Exclti- 8i»n fh)m divine mercy, condemiiatiTne to far, *ar, &c. That this is contrary to unWeraal usage in England, and to the most gene- ral fble iii ^e language, needs not be insisted on; the only word of a similar form which is so pronounced, is the first person plural of the verb tQ.^. But this it roust be remembered, if an tnxUiary verb ; and the auxiliary verbs, being as ir- regular in their pronimciation as in tlieir form, are but indiflfcrcat models by which to regulate tlie rest of the language.* To Dare, dire. v. a. Tochsdlenee, to defy. feCT* In this senie this verbis regular. To Dare Larks, d4re l^rks. v. n. To catch them by means of a looking-glass. Dare, dire. s. Defiance, challenge. Not in use. DAREFUL,dire^fEiLa. Full of defiance. DARiNO,d4'rbg.a. Bold, adventurous, fearless. DARiNGLT,di'rtog-l^. ad. Boldly, cou- rageously. DARiNGNES8,di'ring-ne8. s. Boldness. Dark, dirk. a. Without light ; not of a show>' or vivid colour? blind; opake; obscure ; ignomnt ; gloomy. DAT US DAY — ii4^ mdvt, n*i^ n6t;-*t4bc, tflb, bMl ;— 611 ;— p6{ind ;— ^Ain, this. To Dask, d&rk. y. a* To dafken, to obccure. To Darken, dirOcn. v. a. (405). To make daxk; to perplex ; to luUy. To Oark£v, dir'kn. v. n. To grow darib Darkliitg, darkling, part a. Being inthedftilL. Darklt, dirkl^. ad. In a situation rmd of light, obscurely, blindly. DAUKVZssy dirk'nds. s. Absence of To Daub, d^wb. v. a. (213). To light { opakenefts; obscorityi wicked- nen ; the empire of Satan. Daeksome, dirk'sAm. a* Gloomy, obscure. DA&Liiac, dirlkig. a. Favourite, dear, beloved. A contrtetion of dearling, or little dear (515). Darlikg, d&r^ing* s. A favourite^ one mufib beloved. To Dab Vy d^rn. v. a. To mend holes by iiiutatifig the texture of the stuff. Darh£L| dAr^nlL 8. (99). A weed growiap in the fields. Dart, dirt- s. A missile weapon thrown by the hand. To Dar t, dirt. V. a. To throw offen- sively ; to throw, to emit. To Dart, dirt- y. n. To fly as a dart. To Dash, dish. y. a. To throw any thinsf sudden^ against something; to break by collision ; to throw water in flashes i to bespatter, to besprinkle ; to mingle, to chxfjge by some small admix tate ; to form or print in haste ; to obKte- nte, to erois out ; to confound, to make asharoed suddenly. To Dash, dish. y. n. To fly off the sur- face s to fly in flashes with a loud noise ; to rush through water so as to make it fly. Dash, dSsh. s. Collision ; infusion ; a mark in writing, a line — j stroke, blow. Dash, dish. ad. An expression of the sound of water dashed. Dastard, dis'tiwL s. (88). A cOw ard, a poltron. ToDASTARmsE,das'tir-dize.v.a. To intimidate ; to deiect with cowardice DASTAai)LY,dis4ird-16. a. Cowardly, moan, timorous. DASTARDY,dis'tirKi6.s. Cowardliness. Datr, dite. s. The time at which a -letter is written, marked at the end or the beginning; the time at which any event happened; the time stipulated when atpf thing should be done ; end, condusion; dunition, continuance; the frilH of the date<^tree. D ate-tree, ditc'tr^6. s. A species of palm. ToDATE,dite. v.a. To note with the time at which any thing is written or done. Dateless, ditelfis. a. Without any fixed term. Dative, di'tlv. a. (157). In gram- mar, the case that signifies the person to whom any thing b given. smear \vith something adhesive ; to paint coarsely; to lay on any thing gaudily or ostentatiously ; to flatter grossly. Dauber, diw'bftr. s. (98). A coarse low painter. DAUBVydiwI)^. a. Viscous, glutinous, adhesive. Daughter, diw'tflr. s. (218). The female oflspting of a man or woman ; in poetry, any descendant; the penitent of a confessor. To Daunt, dint. y. a. (214). To discourage, to flight. DAUKTXEss,dint'l^s. a. Fearless, not dejected. DAUNTLEssNESS,dint'lds-n^s.s. Fear- lessness. Daw, diw. s. The name of a bird. To Daw;j, diwn. v. n. To begin to grow light ; to glimmer obscurely ; to be- gin, yet faintly, ^> give some promises of lustre. Dawk, diwn. s. The time between the first appearance of light and the sun's rise ; beginning, first rise. Day, di. s. (220). The time between the rising and setting of the sun ; the time from noon to noon ; light, sunshine ; the day of content, the battle; an appointed or fixed time; a day appomted for some commemoration ; fit>mdayto day, without a certainty or continuance. Daybed, di'bM. s. A bed used for idleness. Daybook, di'b66k. s. A tradesman's jocimal. Daybreak, di'brike. s. The dawn, the first appeahmce of light Daylabour, di'li-biir. s. Labour by the day. Daylabourer, di-liljAr-ftr. s. One that works by the day. Daylight, dilite. s. The light of the day, as opposed to that of the moon, or a taper. Daylily, di'li-te. s. The same with asphodel. D E A 346 D E A ST (559).— ^4te» Blv, fill, dt ;«^m^ mit ^--piiie, pb j The Dayspring, dd'spring* s. The rise of the day, the dawn. Daystari dd'stir. 8. The momiog star. Daytime, d&'time. s. The time in which there is light, opposed to night. Daywohk, di'wftrk. s. Work impos- ed by the day, day-labour. Dazied, ddVid. a. (282). Besprinkl< ed with daisies. To Dazzle, dAz'zl. v. a. (405). To overpower with light or brightness. To Dazzle, d&z^zl. v. n. To be over- powered with light or brightness. Deacon, d^'kn. s. (170) (227). One of the lowest order of the clergy. Deaconess, d^^-n^s. s. A female officer in the ancient church. D E AC ON R Y, d^lui-r^ . ? Deacons HIP, d^'fcn-shlp. 3 office or dignity of a deacon. Dead, dW. a. (234). Deprived of life ; inanimate ; senseless ; motionless ; emp- ty; useless ; diidl, gloomy j frigid; vapid; spiritless; uninhabited; without the power of vegetation 4 in theolc^, lying under the power of sin. To Deaden, dWdn. v. a. (405). To deprive of any kind of force or sensation ; to make vapid^ or spiritless. Dead-doing, dM'd6-ing. part. a. De- structive, killing, mischievous. Dead-lift, dfed-lift'. s. Hopeless exigence. Deadly, dWl^. a. Destructive, mor- tal, implacable. Deadly, dddl^. ad. In a manner re- sembling the dead; mortally ; implacable, irreconcilably. DLadness, ddd'n^s. s. Want of warmth ; weakness of the vital powers ; vapidness of liquors, loss of spirit Deadnettlk, dWn^t'tl. s. A weed, the same with archangel. , Dead-reckoning, dM'rdk'nlng. s. That estimation or conjecture which the seamen make of the place where a ship is, by keeping an account of her way by the log. Deaf, dif. a. (234). Wanting the sense of hearing ; deprived of the power of hearing ; obscurely heard. To Deafen, ddffn. v. a. (405). To deprive of tlie power of hearing. Deafly, d^PlL ad. Without sense of sounds ; obscurely to the ear. Deafness, d&fn^s. s. Want of the power of hearing ; unwillingness to hear. Deal, dile. a. (237). Great part; quantity, degree of more or lesa ; the art or practice of dealing cards ; firwood, the wood of pines. To Deal, d^le. v. a. To dispose to different persons ; to distribute cards ; to scatter, to throw about ; to give g^radu- allVf or one after another. To Deal, dile. v. n. To trafiick, to transact business ; to act between two per- sons, to intervene j to behave well or ill in any transaction ; to act in any manner : To deal by, to treat well or ill ; To deal in, to have to do with, to be engaged in, to prac- tise ; To deal with, to treat m any maqper, to use well or ill, to contend with. To Dealbate, dWlljAte. v. a. To whiten, to bleach. Dealbation, d^4l4)4'shAn. a. The act of bleaching. Dealer, d^'ldr. s. (98). One that has to do with any thing ; a trader or traJEck- er ; a person who deals the cards. Dealing, d^'ilng. s. Practice, action ; intercourse ; measures of treatment ; traf- tick, buainess. DEAMBULATI0N,.d£«^Lm-b{l*14'sh(bl. s. The act of walking abroad. Deambulatory, d^-Aml)^-U-t Ar-^ . a . Relating to the practice of walkin}^ abroad. Dean, d^ne. s. (227). Tlie second dignitary of a diocese. Deanery, di'niLwt.a. Purchas- ed at a high price. Dearly, ddrel^. ad. With great fondness ; at a high price. To Dearn, dirn. v. a. To mend clothes.^-See Darn. Dearn ESS, d^re'n^s. s. Fondness, kindness, love ; scarcity, high price. Dearth^ d^rM. s. (234). Scarcity which makes food dear ; want, famine ; barrenness. To Dearticulate, d£-ir-tik'6-14te. V. a. To disjoint, to dismember. Death, d^M. s. (234). The extinction of life ; mortality ; the state of the dead : the mamier of dying; the image of mor- DEB ur DEC -^D^ mdve, nAr, ndt;— tdbc, tdb, bUl ;— -dll ;— .pAtod ;— -/Ain, this. talitf represented by a Bkeleton t m the- 1 The act of debauching or vitiathig^ cor- olqgf, damnation, eternal torments. niption. DsATH-BED, d^h'bM. s. The bed to To Debel, d^-b^l'. > vhlch a man is confined by mortal sick- 1 To Debell ate, d^-b^l14te« ) ' ^ To conquer, to overcome in war. Debell ATiOHyd&b-b^l-i'shibi. 8. The act of conquering in war. Debektube, d^-b^n't8h{ire. s. A writ or note, by which a debt is claimed. Debile, d£b'll4 a. (145). Feeble, Ian- g^uid. To Debilitate, d*-bll'i^te. v. a. To make faint, to enfeeble. Debilitation, d^-bil-^-t&'shtin. s. The act of weakening. Debility, dA-bll'M^. s. Weakness, feebleness. Debonair, d^b-6-nire'. a* Elegant, civil, well-bred. Debonairly, ddb-4-ndrel^. ad. Ele- gMrtly. Debt, d£t« s. (347). That which one man owes to anotlier; that which any one is oblired to do or suffer. Debted, d^t'M. part. a. Indebted, obliged to. Debtor, d^t'tih*. s. (98). He that owes something to another; one that owes money ; one side of an account book. Dec ACUMINATED, d^-kd-k^'m^-nA* tM. a« Having the top cut off. Decade, d^k'&d. s. (539> The sum often. Decadency, d^*k&'d^n-s6. 8. Decay, fall. DscAGOif, d£k'A-gAn. •• (503). A plain figuDe in geometry. Decalogue, d^k'4-16g. s. (338). The ten commandments |^ven by Ckxl to Moses. To Decamp, d4-klmp'. v. a. To shift the camp, to move off. Decampment, d^-kamp'mdnt. s. The act of shifting the camp. To Decant, d^-kint^ v. a. To pour off ^ntly, so as to leave the sediment belund. D£CANTATioN,d^k-dn-t4^shdn.s. The act of decanting. Decanter, d^-ksLn'tiir. s. (98). A glass vessel that contains the liquor after it has been poured off clear. To Decapitate, d^-ldp'e-tite. v. a. To behead. To Decay, d*-ki'. v. n. (220). To lose excellence, to decline. Decay, d^-k4'. s. Decline from the state of perfection ; declension frcm pros- perity; consumption. DiAtHVUL, d^M'fiU. a. Full of slaugh- ter, destructive, murderous. DEATULiss, d&A^^s. a. Immortal, neyer4ying. Deathlike, d^Mlike. a. Resembling death; stiU. DBATH's^DooR,d^A,'s-d6^e^s. A near! iq^pToach to death. { Deatrsu AN, d^As'min. s. (88). Exe- ' cuttonev, hangman, headsman. Death^t ATCH, d^yw6tsh. s. An in- sect that makes a tinkling noise, supersti- tiously imagined to prognosticate death. To D£BAR,k, d6-b&rk^ r. a. To dis- embark. To DEBABf d^-bir'. r. a. To exclude, to preclude. '* To Debase, dd-bdse. v. a. To reduce from a lu^er to a lower state ; to sink Into meanness; to adulterate, to lessen in value by base admixtmres. Debasement, d^-b&se'm^nt. s. The act of debasing or degrading. Debaser, d^-b4'sdr. s. (98). He that debsLses, he that adulterates, he that de- grades another. Debateable, d^4»&te'll-bl.a. Disput- able. Debate, d^-bdte^ s. A personal dis- pute, a controversy ; a quarrel, a contest. To Debate, d^-b&te'. ▼• a. To con- trorert, to dispute, to contest. To Debate, d^-bite'. v. n* To deli- berate ; to dispute. Dbbateful, d^-b&te'fid. a. Quarrel- some, contentious. Debas-emeitt, d6-b4te'm^nt. s. Con- test, controversy. Debater, d^-bA'tflr. s. (98). A dis- putant, a coatrovertist To Debauch, d^-b4wtsh^ v. n. (213). To corrupt by lewdness j to corrupt by intemperance. Debauch, d^-b&wtsh'. s. A fit of in- temperance, lewdness. Debauchee, d^b-4w-8b^^ s. A lecher, a drunkard. Debaucher, de-b&wtsh'£ir* s. One who seduces others to intemperance or lewdness. DEBAucH£RT,di-biwt8h%-r^.s. The practice of excess, lewdnest. Dkbauchxext, de-bliwtsh'ra^nt. s. DEC 348 DEC {tT* (559).~Fite, ar, fUl, flit;— in^ mSt;— pbe, pin;~ Dec AVER, d^-U'Ar. s. (98). That which causes decay. Decease, d^-s^sc'. s. (227). Death, depa-rture firom life. .To Decease, d^-s^se'. v. n. To die, to depart from life. Deceit, d^-s^te'. s. (250). Fraud, a cheat, a fallacy ; stratagem, artifice. Deceitful, d^-s^te'ful. a. Fraudu- lent, full of deceit Dec EiTFLLLY,di-site'fbl-6. ad.'Frau- dideiitly. Deceitfulhess, di-s^te'Kd-n^s. s. Tendency to deceive. Dec EI V ABLE, d6-s^'v4-bl. a. Subject to fraud, esposed.to imposture. D£CEivA3L}£N£ss, dc-se'v^-bl-nes. 8. Liableness to be decei^ntd. To Deceive, d^-s6vc'. v. a. (250). To bring into errour ; to delude by stratagem. Deceiver, d6-s6'vilr. s* One that leads another into errour. December, d^-staTjAr. s. (98). The last month of the year. Decemfedal, d^-sdm'p^-d&i. a. Hav- ing ten feet in length. Decemvir ATX, d^-sto'v^-rite. s. (91). The dignity and office of the ten governors of Rome. Decency, d^'a^n-s^. s. Propriety of form, becoming ceremcNiy; suitableness of character, propriety ; modesty. DecenniaIi, d^-s^n'n^-dl. a. (113). What continues for the space often years. Decent, d^'s^nt. a. Becoming, fit, suitable. Decently, d^'sint-16. ad. In a pro- per manner, -with suitable behaviour. Deceftibilitt, d6-s4p-t6-bil'i-td. s Liableness to be deceived. Deceptible, de-s^p't^-bl. a. (405) Liable to be deceived. Deception, d6-s^p'sh^. s. The act or means of decci^-ing, cheat, fraud ; the state of being deceived. Deceptious, dd-s^p'shtis. a. (314). Deceitfiil. Deceptive, dd-sdp'tlv. a. (157). Hav- ing the power Of deceiving. Deceptory, des'dp-t6r-d. a. Contain- ing means of deceit. — See Rkceptory. Decbrpt, dd-sdrpt'. a. Diminished,' taken off. Decerptible, d£-s^rp't^-bl. a. That may be taken off. Decerption, dd-sdrp'shAn. s. The act of lessening, or taking off*. Decessiok, dd.-^V4n. s. A depar* ture. To Dec HARM, dd-tsblLrm'. ▼. a. To counteract a charm, to disijichant. To Decide, dd-side'. v. a. To fix the events of, to determine; to detera^ine a question or dispute. Decidekce, dds'd-ddnse. s. (503). The quality of being shed, or of faUing off*; the act of falling away. Decider, dd-si'di!kr. s. (98). One who detenpines causes ; one who det^ennines quarrels. Deciduous, d^-sW'i-ds, or d^-aid^ju- ds. a. (293). Falling, not perennial. Decimal, d^s'^mlU. a. Numbered by ten. To Decimate, d^'d^mftte. v. a. (91). To tithe, to take the tenth ; to punish every tenth soldier by lot. Decimation, d^-s^-m&'shdn. s. A '. tithing, a selection of every tenth ; a se- lection by lot of eveiy tenth soldier lor punishment To Dec iPHER, d^-»i'Rir. v. a. To ex- ^, plun that which is written in epithets ; to mark down in characters; to stamp, to mark; to unfold, to unravel DEcipuEik^R, d^-si'f&r-^. s* One who explains writings in cipher. Decision, di-sizh'&. s. Determina- tion of a difference s determmatian of au event Decisive, d^-sl'slv. a. (158) (428). Having the po^er of determining any difference j having the power of settling any event Dec isi vel Y, d^-si'slv-l^. ad. In a con- clusive BOlinner. Decisiveness, d^-sl'slv-n^s* s. The power of terminating any difTcrence, as settling an event Decisory, di-si's6.r*. a. (429) (557). Able to determine or decide; To Deck, dfik. v. a. To overspread'; to dress ; to adorn. Deck, d^k. s. The fioor of a ship; pack of cards piled regularly on each other. Decker, d^k'k&r. s. A dresser. To Declaim, d^-kl4me'. v. n. To harangue, to speak set orations. Dec L AIMER, d^-kld'mdr. s. One who makes speeehes with intent to move the passions. Declamation, d^k-kld-m&'sh^. s. (530). A discourse addressed to the pss- sions, an harangue. DEC 349 DEC d&> mdvei ndr* n&t ;-^ube, ttlkl>, Declamator, d^k'kld-m^'tur. s. (521). A decUuitier, an orator. DscLAMATORVy d^-kULm'm4-tQr-^. a. Relating to the (uractice of declaimjug ; appealing to the paiisLons (512). D£ci.ARABi.£9 d^-kl4'r&-bl* a. Capa- ble of proof. Declaration, ddk-kld-rA'shftn. s. (530). A proclamation or affirmation, pub- Itcadon; an explanation of something cfeubtful ; in lavr, declaration is t]ie show- ing- forth of an action personal in aiiy suit, diough it is used sometimes for real actions. Declarative, d*-klar'i-tlv. a. Mak- ing declaration, explanatory; making proclamation (157). Dkclaratorily, d6-kIar'4-tur-6-16. ad. 1q the form of a. declaration, not pro- misaiTelj. Declaratory, d^-kl^r'a-tiir-^. a. Affirmative, expressive (512). To Declare, dc-kJAre'. v. a. To * make known, to tell evidently and open- ly ; to publish, to proclaim, to show in open^w. To Declare, d^-kl4re'. v. n. To make ^decbETilion. Declaremejit, d^-kl4re'm^nt. s. jpiscovery, declarationy testimony. Declarer, d^-klA'rdr. s. (98). One thjit makes any thing known. Declension, 4^-klin'shdn. s. Ten- dency from a greater to a less degi*ec of excellence ; aeclination, descent ; in- flexion, maimer of changing noims. Declinable^ d£-kii'n«-bl. a. (405). Ha^-ing variety of terminations. JOeclin ATi02f,d^k-kl<^-n4'sh^n. s. De- scent, change from a better to a worse state, decay » the act of bending down ; ranatiofi from rectitude, oblique motion, obliquity; variation from a fixed point ; in navigation, the variation of tlie needle from the true meridian of any place to the £ast er West ; in astronomy, the declina- tkm of a star we call its shortest dis- tance from the equator. Declinator, d4k-16-n4'tdr. (521). Declinatory, d^-klin'a-tGr-^. s. An Instrumcntin dialing.— See Inclina- TO«Y. To Decline, d^-klineT v, n. To leaa downwards ; to deviate, to run into obliquities ; to shun, to refuse, to avoid any thing ; to be impsured, to decay. To Decline, d^-kline'. v. a* To bexul dowBward6j to bring down ; to shun, to refuse, to be cautious of; to modify a iwtl by Tttioos termiiuitions. b^llj— 6il; — ^p6{ind; — t/iin^ this. ' Decline, d^-kline'. s. The state of tendency to the worse, diminution, decay. Declivity, d^-uliv'^-t^. s. (511). Inclination, or obliquity reckoned down- ' wards, gradual descent. Declivous, d^-kli'vils. a. (503). Gradually descending, not precipitous. To Decoct, di-kokt'. v. a. To pre- pare by boiling for any use, to digest in hot water ; to digest by tlie lieat of the stomach ; to boil up to a consistence. Decoctible, di-k6k't^-bl. a. That which may be boiled, or prepared by boil- ing. Decoction, d^-kok'shfin. s. The act of boiling any thing ; a preparation madtt by boiling in water. Decoctuhb, d^-kok'tshure. s. (461). A substance drawn by decoction. Dkcollation, dck-k6l-li'sliQn. fi. The act of beheading. To Dkcohpose, c{c-k6m-p6ze'. v. a. C DeiLtrnposer^ French). To dissolve or re- solve a niixed body. ^ This word is neither in Jolmson's Dic- tionar>', nor any otlier I have seen, but is of such frequent use as to deserve a place in all. To Dcctnnpound is frequently used in this sense, but improperly; for that word signifies to mix compounded tilings together, while to Decotnpote means to unmix or analize things. Decomposite, d6-k6m-p6z'it. a. (154). Compounded [^ second time. Decomposition, d^-k6m-p6-zish'^n. s. The act of compounding things al- ready compounded. To Decompound, dd-k6m-p6ind'. V. a. To compose of tilings already com- pounded. Decompound, d^-k6m-p66nd'. a. Composed of things or words already compounded. To Decorate, d^k'k6-rite. v. a. (91). To adorn, to embellish, to beautify. Decoration d6k-k6-rd'shtin« s. Or- nament, added beauty. Decorator, d^k'k6-rA.t\ir. s. (521). An adorner. Decorous, dt:^k6'ri!i8. s. (503). De- cent, suitable to a character. 03* An uneducated English speaker is veiy apt to pronounce tliis word with the ac- cent on the first syllable, according to the analogy of his own language ; but a learn- ed ear would be as much shocked at sucha^ departure from classical propriety, as in the virords tomrous and can&rous (512). When once the mere EngUsii scl'.>/lai' is set right in this word, he wijoi be sure to 2K OEC ^sb dku . (237). t> (559).— FAte, fW, ftll, fit ;— infc, m«t ;-i>lne, ph ;- l)fonouncei)€^«r(>row with the accent on q^^ All our Icxicogmhm. except fir the penultimate hkewise , and ^heri h« Johnson, place the^SenVJ»n Oie ?ec^ •pliable of thit word j and this atcentua- twn, it mtiBt be confested, is agreeable to the best uaibge. B«t Dr. Johnson's accen- ttiation on the first syllablt is nnoacstiona^ bly the most agreeable to Eniriirii analo. fSyi first, because ttis atrisyUable and^ Mmple (50S) j next, becauseit ia derived froin the Latin Decretals* f mdiich inoiir pronunciation of it, has an accent on the first and third syHai>Ie ; and therefore^ when adopted into our lapguagt, by drop- ping the last syllable, takes the accent on the first See Acodemy, That this is the general anfclogy of accenting words from the Lathi which drop the last syllaWe, is evident from the words Ikcrement, Li&e- fntnt^ Interval^ tat. Decretist, di-kri'tb(, s. One that. - studies the decretals. DECREToar, dikltrf^dr^. a. (S$i\ (512). Judicial, definiUve. Decrial, di-kri'^. s, Clahi6rou» censure, hasty or noisy condemnation. To Dec rt, d^-krl'. v. a. To censure^ to blame clamorously, to clamour against. Decumbence, d^'kAm1>6QS«. > DscuMBSNeT, d^4i^Q^. 5 ®- The act of lying down, the posture of lymg down« Decumbituhk, d^4iAina)t4ir*. s.- The time at which a in^p takes to hia bed in a disease. Decuple, dek'ii-pl. a^ (405)» Ten-' fi>ld. DstuRiOM, d£-k&^r6-Aa. a. A com- mander over ten. D»cLRsioK,di-kfir'shto, 8. The ad; of running dowd. DfecuRTATioN, d^k-kAr-t4'shdn. s. {$20), The act of cutting short To Dec uss ate, di-kds'g4tc. v* a* T^ intersect at aciite angles. Decussation, d£k4c<^B-s4'shAn. s, (530). The act of crossingi state of bcin^ crossed at unequal angles. To D£i>Ec ORATE, dd-dd|c'ki*r4tc. v. a. To disgrace, to bring a reproach upon. D£DEcoRATiON,d^Hl^k-k6*ri'8hdn.9« The act of disgracing. Debecobous, d*-d^k'k6-rds. a, Dis- graceful) reproachful.— -Sec Dacoaoos. DeDentitiok, dM«d£n-ti8h'dn. ^ (530). Loss or shedding of the teeth. To Dedicate, dWi-kAte. v. a. Tf^ devote to some lUvine power j to appro, priate solemnly to any person or purpose ^ to mscribe to a patron. the penultimate likewise i and #heri he is told that this is wrong, because thAt syllable in the Latin word is shorty he will not fail to pronounce irukcormu With the antepenultimate accent; but what will be his surprize when he is informed £hat this too is wrong, because the pe- nultinlate syllable in Latin is long. See IXDECOliOVS. To DECoRTicATfe, di-k6r't6-k4tc< v. a. To divest of the bark or husk. Decortication, di-kdr-ti-ki'shiin. s. The act of stripping the bark or husk. Decorum, d^-ko'rtoi; s* Decency, behaviour contrary to licentiousness, seemliness. To Decoy, d^-k6^'. v. a. (329). To lure into a caec, to intrap. Decoy, d^*k&'. s< Allurement to mischief Decoyduck, di-kWd(di. a. A duck that lures others. > To Decrease, d^-kr^sc'. v. n To grow less, to be diminished. To Decrease, d^-kr^sc'. v. a^ To make less, to dimmish. Decrease, d^-kr^se'. s. The state of growing lessj decay; tiie Wane of the moon. To Decree, d^-krcji'i v.ti. To make an edict, to ^:fpQint by edict. To De c ree, d6-kr<^6'. v; a. To dboln, or assign by a decree. DECREE,d^-ki^^';s. Aneditt,alaw; an esUblishedrule ; adisterminationofasUit. Decrement, d^k^kr^-m^nt. s. (503). Decrease, the state of growing less, the quantity lost by decreasing. Decrepit, d^-kr^plt. a. Wasted or worn out with age. 03* This word is frequently mispronounced, as if spelled 4i^m^Vl To Decrepitate, d6-krep'i-tdte. v* a. To -calcirte salt till it has ceased to crackle in the fire. Decrepitatiox, d^-krip^-ti'shin. 8. The crackling noise whith salt makes over the fire. Decrepitness, d^-krdp'it^is. > Decrepitude, d^-kr^p'^-tidci S ^* The last stage of decay, the last eftects of old ag^. Decrescent, di-kr^s'sint. a. Grow- ing less. Decretal, di-kr^'tU. a. Appertwn- ing to a deeree, containtag a decree.. Dec retal, d^-kr^'t^J, ordek'i^-til. s» A book of decrees or edicts ? the QOtt^c- tion of tha pope's decrees. BEE 351 DEF PfiticATs, d€d^^4&At^. a^ Cooaecratey dente, dedicated. DfpicATioN, de4-i^&'8hi&a. s. The Mt of dedicating to «ay being or puzpoiie, coaaecimtion ; aadrcM to a patron. JDxDicAToa, d6d^^4L&*t6r. a. (521). Qda who inscribes bis work to a patron. DsDicAToiftyy ddd'^*kA«t^*^. a. Com- ^osisr a 4edicatiQii.-d^^. 8. Judgmenti opinion, Obsofete. Deep, d^p. a. Measured from the sur- face downward; entering far, piercing a t great way; Bw from the outer part; not auperfidal* not ofivaous ; sagacious, pene- trating s fa^ of contrivance, politick* inai* dioua; 8^?e, solenin; dark coloured; having a great decree of stiUiiev or gloom ; bass, grave m sound. Deep, d^^p. s. The sea, the main ; the most solemn or still part ToDkepbv, d^^p'pn. v. a. (359). To make deep, to siiUc far bekrwthe surface i to darken, to ckwd, to make dark; to make sad or gtoonpy. OEEPifooTHi^ib d^ip'in&&Tud« a^ Having ahoarse asd loud voice. Djebphvsiiio, d^ip-tn&'dng. a. Cod- templative^ lost in thoujriit ^j^pi-Y^d^l^.ad. Toagrea^depth, bftlj J— i|l ;re-pAind ;— rAin, this. far bf lowt)ie furfacei with great study or aaga(;ity; sorrowfully, solemnly { with a tendi;ncy to darisness of colour ; in a high degree. Deepness, d^^p'n^ s? Entrance Sir below the surface, profundity ; depth. Deer, d^^r. s. That class of animals which is hunt^ for venison. To Defaci:, d£ fdse^ v.a. To destroy, to raacy to disfigure. Defacement, d*-fise'm^nt. s. Viola- tion, injury ; erasement. Defaceb, dA-fi'^dr. s. (98). Destroy? ey, aboli^hf r, violater. DEF\iLANCE,dM&1inse. s. Faikire. To Defalcate, d^-f&rk4te. v. a. To cut off, to lop, to take away part. CC5* The a in this word docs not go into the broad Cerman a m^aii, not amy because tlie consonant that follows the /'is carrie4 off to the succeeding syllable, but because the word i» derived mom the Latin ; and it must be carefully Qbserved, that wordfi from the learned languages presence the a before / and another consonant in the shoit middle sound of tliat vowel; in the same manner as « in fulminate preserves the short sound of that letter, and is not pronounced like the same vowel in _fyU (84) (irr). '^ . Defalcation, dtf-ttl-M^shAn, a. (530). Diminution. Defamatort, d^'^fitrn'mft-tiir-^. a. Calumnious,unjustIy censorious,libeIlous. To Defame, d£-f4nie'. v. a. To cen* sure falsely in publick, to ^shonour bv reports. Defameb, dd-ft^i&n 8, One that in^ jures the reputation of another. To Defatigate, d^-filt'd-g4te« ▼. a. To wearyi Defatigation, d6«{&t-^*giUilin, s^ Weariness. DEFAt;LT,di-{iLwlt^s. Omission of thajt which we ought to do, neglect { crime, failure, fault ; defect, want ; in law, non« wppearance in court at a day asaigned-n See Fault. Qevaultbr, d^-f&wlt'^p. a. One who is deficient in duty. A peculator. Defeasance, d^-f^'zanse. s. The aot of annulling or abrogating any contract i the writing in which a defeaianoe is coi^- tained.' Defeasible, d^-ft^4>U a. That which may be annulled. DsFEAT, di-f(fete'. s. The ovcrthrov of an army; act of destruction, depriva^ tion. D E F 352 BE F tr (559).— FAtc, for, fWl, fdt;— m*, m^t;— pine, pln;-^ To Dbfeatj di-ftte'. v. a. To over- throw ; to frustrate. Defeature, cie-le'tshi'irc. s. jC461). Change of feature, alteration of counte- nance. Not in use. To Defecate, clcfft-kite. V. a. To purge, to cleanse \ to purify from any ex- traneous or noxious mixture ( j03). Defecate, det'l^-kite. a. Purged from lees or foulness. DEFBCATioN,dd-f^-ki'shdn.s. Purifi- cation. Defect, d^-fdkt'. s. Want, absence of something necessary ; faiUiYg} a fault, a blemish. Defectibility, d^-f&k-td4)U'^-t^. s. The state of failing, imperfection. Defectible, dd'-f^k*t6-bl. a. Imper- fect, deficient. Defection, di-ffek'shiSn. s, A falling away, apostacv ; an abandoning of a king or state ; revolt. Defective, d^-f<^k'tlv. a. (157). Full of defects, imperfect, not sulQ^ientj faulty, blameable. Defectiveness, dWi^k'tiv-nis. s. Want, faultiness. Defence, d^-f^nse'. s. puard, protec- tion ; vindication, justification, apology ; ■ prohibition ; resistance ; in law, the df fen- dant's reply after declaration produced, in fortification, the part that flanks ano< ther work. Defenceless, d£-fcnsc'lds. a. Naked, unarmed, unguarded «• impotent. To Defend, di-fdnd'. v. a. To stand in defence of, to protect; to vindicate, to uphold, to fortify ; to prohibit ; to maintain a place, or cause. Defendablk, dW^n'da-bl. a. That may be defended. Defendant, de-fen'dant. a* Defen sive, fit for c.efence. Defendant, d<:-ftn'dant. s. He that defends against assailants; in law, the person accused or. sued. * Defen'dkr, dMcin'dfir. s. (98\ One that defends, a champion ; an assertcr, a vindicator j In Uw, an advocate, DEFErtSATivE, dt-icn'sa-tiv. s. Guard, defence j hi surgery, a bandage, plaster, or the like. Defe Nsi ble, d^-feii's^-bl. a. That may be defended ; jtistifiablc, capable of vindi cation. Defensive, d*-f(§n'siv. a. (428). 'Chat serves to defend, proper for defence ; in a state or posture of defence. Peek NSI ve, di-f^n'slv. s. (158). Safe- l^uard I state of defence. s. Dc Dbfensivelt, di&*f(&n'sW-l^. ad. In t defensive manner. To Defer, d^-f^r'. v.n. To put off, to delay to act ; to pay deference or regard to another's opinion. fo Defer, d^-ftr', v. a. To -withhold, to delay ; to refer to, to leave to another's judgment Deference, d^f^r-^sc. a* (503). Regard, respect i coroplaisancey conde- scension, submission. Defiance, d^-fi'&nse. a. A challenge, an invitation to fight; a challenge^, to make any impeachment good; expres- sion of abhorrence or contempt Depicience, d^-fish'^nse* D E f 1 c I E N c Y , di-f ish '^n-s^. feet, failing, imperfection; want, some* thing less Uian is necessary. Deficient, dMlsh^^nt. a. Failing, wanting, defective. Defier, d^-fi'^. s. A challenger, a contemner. To Defile, dt-filc'. v, a. To make foul or impure; to pollute; to ootrupt chastity, to violate ; to taint, to vitiate. To Defile, dt;*fiie'. v. n. To go off, eiebyfile. Defile, d^-file'. s. A narrow passage. (Tj^Some military co^ECombs have endeavour- ed to introduce the French pronunciation of tliis wokLD^/^, as if written Jkf^tlav •• otliers have endeavoured to bring it near- er to our ONvn anaiog\-, by pronouncir g- it in three syllables, as if written Deffye-k. I am sorry to find Mr. Sheridan baa adopt- ed this pronunciation ; he is followed only by Bailey and Ash ; the first of whom has it botii ways, and the last giws it only as an uncommon pronunciation. Dr. Johnson and the rest are decidedly for the genei-al pronunciation, which is the same as the verb to dcfiie .* and if this were urged as a reason to alter the pronunciation of the substantive, it may be answeit^ tliat the remedy would be worse than the disease. See Bowl. To these observations it may be added, that if we pronounce this word exactly like thc Freuch, because it is a miiitazy ienii, we onglit to pronounce ai^t7cof musquetecrs, a Feel of musqueteers. Defilement, d^-file'mint s. The state of being defiled, poilltition, corrup- tion. Defiler, d^-fi'ldr. s. (98). One that defiles, a corrupter. D£FiN£ABLK,d^*fine'i-bl. a. Capable of definitioD; that^bich maybe ascer- tained. 0£# S53 DEC -^ody md^ n^Ty n&t;-i^ube9 tAb, bddl ^--^U ;— ^66nd ;— ^Ain, this. ToDrFisrE,d*-fhie'. v. a. TogivetheiTo Deform, d*-f6rm'. v a. To disfi- definition, to explain a thinf^ by ha qiudi-j gure, to moke ugiyi to dishonour, to tk3 ; to circtumcribe, to mark the limit ' mtJ^e ung^raceful. ToDtFiHE, d*-flnc'. v. n. To deter-' Deform, d6-f6rm'. a. Ugly, diafi- minc, to decide. | frured. Oefiver, dd-fi'nAr. s. One that de- Deformation, d^f-fdr-mi'shdn, s. scribes a thing* by ita qualities. Defihite, def 6.nit. a. (503) (154) Ceitain, limited ; exact, precise. Definite, d^f^-oit. s. (156). Thing explained or defined. Definiteness, d^fd-nU-n^s. s. Cer- tainty, Gxnitednesa DEriMiTiON, d^f-d-nlsh'dn.s. A short deacriptloQ of any thing by its properties in lo^c, the explication of the essence of a thing by iu kind snd difference. DBPiiriTivE, di-fm'd-tlv. a. Deter- minate, positive, express. DxFiKiTjvELr, d^-fln'd-tlv-ld. ad. PosiUvefy^ decisireJy, expressly. DKFifiriTivEVEss, d^-fiu'd-tiv-nds, B. Decisiveness. Deflagrabilitt, d^f-fl4-gr4-bil'd-td; a. Comboatibility. Deflagrable, dd-flA'gr4-bl. a. Hav- iiig' the quality of wasting away wholly in fire. Deflagbatioh, dif-fl4-grA'shAn. a. Setting fire to several things in their pre paration. To Deflect, dd-fldkt'. v. n. To turn aside, to deviate from a true course. Deflection, dd.fld ; meanness. To Degenerate, dd-j^n'tr-ite. v. n. (91). To fall from tlie virtue of our an* cestors ; to fall from a more noble to a base state ; to fall from its kind, to grow wild or base. Degenerate, dd-j^n'^r-ite. a. Un- like his ancestors ; unworthy, base. Degeneratene«s, d«i-j^n'6r-ite-nds. s. Degeneracy, state of being grown wild, or out of kind. Degeneration, dc-jdn-^r-i'shdn. s. A deviation from the virtue of one's an- DEI 354 DEI, 07* (559)..^itc, far, fMl, ccstors ; ft faUinj^ from a more excellent state to one of |ess worth ; the tbiDg changed from its primitive state. Pegenerous, ci^-j^n'^r-(is. a. De- generated, fallen from virtue ; -vile, base, mfamous, unworthy. Decenerously, d^-j^n'er-us-l to adore as God; to praise ex- cpssively. To Deign, d4ne. v. n. Tpi vouch- safe, to think worthy. To Deign, d^e. v. a. (549). To grant, to permit Not in iise. Dejntegrate, d^^ln't^-g'rite. v. a. To dimmish, Deiparous, d^-ip'pdrnis. ^. (518), That brings forth a God, the epithet ap- plied to the Bleascd Virginu DEisM,di'izm.a. The opinion of those that only acknowledge one God, without the reception of any revealed religion. Peist, d^lst. s. A man who follows no particular religion, but only acknow- ledges the existence of God. DKisTiCAL,d*-]ij5't^.kil. a. Belonging to the heresy of the deists. Deity, di'A-ti. s. Divinity, the na- ture and essence of God ; a fabulous god ; the supposed divinity of a heathen god. Delaceration, d£-]As<^6r<4'shm. s, A tearmg in pieces. D EL ACR YM AT ioN,d^-lik-kr*-in Vsbtn. s. The "waterishness of the eyes. Delactation, d^l-^*t&'^hdn. ». (530). A weaning from the breast- Dklapskd, dWlpst', a. (359). Bear- ing or falling down. To Delate, d6-14te'. v. a* To carry, to convey. Not in use. Delation, (]%-lA'^liAn. b. A carrying, conveyance ; an accusation, an impeach* mcnL Delator, dW4'ti5r.s. (166), An ac- cuser, an informer. To Del AY, d^-I^/ v. a. To defer, to put off; to hinder, to frustrate. To Delay, d^-li'. v. n. To i^op, td ce^se from action. Delay, dij-l^', s. A d^fiBTring, pro- crastination; stay, stop. DELAYEaVdWA'Ar, s. One that defers. pEi^ECT ABLE, d6-l^kT^t4-bL a. Pleasing, delightfld. * DELECTABLKNES9, d^}£k't&4ll-D^. S* belightfulneaa, pleasantness, D^LECTAfkLY, d^-l^'dUdi. ^d. Dc* lightfully, ple^tt^tly. Delect^tioi^, d41-1^4A-<8hdn. s. Pleasure, deligl^t. T9 Delegate, d^l'^-g&te. v» a. (91). To send upon an embassy ; to intmst, to commit to another ; to appoint judges to a particular cause. Delegate, d^T^-g4tc. a. (91), A 1> E& zsi D Ei, 'd^po^y a commissioner, avicftr; inlaw^ ' IDele^es are persons delegated or ap- ' pointed hy the king's commission to sit, mm an appeal to him, in the Court of Chancery. DuKGATEy d^lld^dte. a. (503), De-i pnted. ' DKI.KG ATS8, Court o^ d^H^-gites. s. A : court wherein all caiiaea of appeal, from eitibuerofthe archbishops, 4re decided. DelegatioKy d^l-I^-gA'shAn. s. A sending a^my ; a putting- into commission} the assignment of a debt to another. To Dei-kte^ dM^te» v. a. To blot out. DBi-KTKBiou5,d*W't6'r*-ds. a. (530). Deadly, destructive. I>£Li:.T£RT,d^l'c-tir-i« a. Destructive, . deadly. I>£L£TioN, d^.l^'sb(b. 8. Actofraz'' in^ or blottiogr out ; a destruction. * KX.F, / ^^|£^ g^ ^ mine, a quarry j earthen ware, counterfeit china ware. To DELiBERAi'Ey dWlb'er-Ate. v. n. (91). To tlunk in order to choice, to hesi- tate. Delibe&ai»e, dc-l&>'£r-&te. a. (91). Circumspect, vary.; slow. Deliberately, dd4ib'^r-4te-l^« ad. Circumspectly, advisedly. Delibebateness, d^-llb'£r-Ate-ii^s. s. Circumspection, wariness. DfcLiaeRATion, dfe-lib-^r-i'shi&n. s. The act of deliberating:, thought ill order to choice. Deliberative, dMib'ir-d-tiv. a. Per- tainiAg to deliberation, apt id consider. Deliberative, d^-lH)'lr-4-tlv. s. The diacQUise m which a ifoestion is delibe- rated. Delicacy, ddl'^-ki-a^. a. Daintiness, mceneas in eating ; any thing highly pleas< ingtothe senses; soilness; mcety; po- Bteneas; indnlgehce; tenderness, scru- pukmsnesa; weakness of constitutioh. Delicate, d&K^.k&te. a. (91). (503). Fioe^ consisdngof small paHs ; pleasing to the eye ; nice, pleasing to the taste datnty, choice, sekct t gewble of maimers ; soft, efiemmstie; pure, clear. DEi.icAT£LT,d^'£4dbe-l^. ad. Beau tilully; finely; daintily i diMselys polite- ly; c^miajrteJy. Delic ATENEss, d^r6-4&te*n^. a* The 9XM3ui ofheini^deUcilte. DkligateS) delH&«kitfl. a. Niceties, Deli c locs^dc-Iish'fis. a. (507)* Sweet, ' d«iicate^ that affn:4« delight. bAH;— ^11; — ^p6tod ;— -rAin, this. DELiciou8LY,d£->]l9h'ds-l^. ad. Sweet- ly, pleasantly, delightiiiUy. Drliciousness, d^ish'Aft-nda. a. De- light, pleasorfr, joy. Drligation, d^l-l£-g&'^hAn. a. A bincUng up. Delight, di-lite'. s. (393). Jt)y, plea- sure, satisfaction ; that which gives de- light. To Delight, d^-lite'. t. a. To please, to content, td satisfy. To Delight, d6-Iite'. v. h. To have delight or pleasure in. Delightful, d^-lite'f(J. a. Pleasant} charming: Delightfully, d^-lite-Ml-]^. ad. Pleasantly, charmingly, with delight DelighTfulness, d^-lite'fiid.n^s. &. Plefisantness, satisfaction. Delightsome, d> Dependanct, d^-pto'd^n-s^. 5 The state of hanging down from a sup- porter; something banging upon ano- ther ; concatenation, connection, relation of one thing to another ; state of being at the disposal of another : the things or persons of which any man has the domi- nion ; reliance, trust, confidence. Dependant, d^-p^'d^nt. a. In the power of another. Dependant, d^-pte'dtot. s. One who lives in subjection, or at the discre- tion of another. Dependence, dd-p^n'd^nse. > * Dependency, d^-p^n'den-sd. $ ** thing or person atthe disposal or discretion s. D EP ^59 D EP -.Q^ m^Te^ n&Ty nftt 'f^^ibcy tdby b61l ;— ^U ;— {)66nd ; — ///in, this. «f flMitlKr < stite of beinff subordiiutte, or subject ; that which is not prineipa]» that idueh is sabordinate ; concatenation, connexion : relation of any thing to ano- tZier ; tnist, reliance, confidence. Dbpendent, d^-p^n'd£nt. a. Hang- ing down. DEFEND KKT, d^-p^n'd£nt. 8. One subordinate. ^ 0£P£SD£&, d£-p^'dAr. s. (98). A dependant, one that reposes on the kind- ness of another. De PERDITION, ddp«^r-dlsh'fin« s. (527). Loss, destruction. Dephlkgmation, d^f-fldg-m&'shAn. a. (530). An operation which takes away ivcNU the pUeem any tpitituous fluid by nepeated distulalion. .To Dkpbl&om, d4-A^^ (389), To Defhleomate, d^-fl4g'mite. V. a. To clear from phlegm, or aqueous ins^id matter. Defrlegmeokbss, d^-fl^m'M-n^. s. The quality of being freed from phlegm. To DtPicT, d6-pikt^. V. a. To paint, to portray ; to describe to the mind. Depilatory, d£-pil'li-tAr-^« s. . An flppplication used to take awa^ hair. DBPII.OUS, d^-pilAs. a. Without hair. De PLANTATION, d^p-llbi-tA'shCb. s. The act of taking plants up from the bed. Dbpletioit, d6«pU'sh4n. s. The act of emptying. Deplorable, d^«pi^r&-bl. a* La* mentable, sad, calsmitous, despicable. BEPLORABLBVEss,d^pl6'r4-bl-n^s« s. The state of beiqg deplorable. Deplorably, d^-pl6^ri-bl£« ad. La- menuUy, miserablv. DBPLORATE,d^-plo'rAte' a* (91). La- mentable, hopeles8.*-See To Deni- CKATE. DeploHatiov, d^l^rft'shto. s. (530). The act of deploring. To Deplore, d^l6re^ v. a. To la- ment, to be^vaO, to bemoan. Deplorer, di^l6'r{ir. s. A lament-, er, a mourner. Deplumatiok, d^p-l^-m^'shi&iu s. {52T). Plucking olT the feathers; in sur- gery, A swelling of the eyelids, accom- panied with the fall of the hairs. To Deplume, d^-pl^me^ v. a. To strip of its feathers. To Depoke, d^-p6ne^ v. a« To lay * down as a pledge or security ; to risque upon the success of an adventure. 0]EroHEXTy d^-p&Wnt. s* (503). |One that deposes his testimony in a co'ut of justice ; in grammar, such verbs as have no active voice are called deponcnUi. To Depopulatb, d^-p6p^Ci-l^te. v. a. To unpeople, to lay waste. Depopulation, d6-p6p-A-ld'8hAn. s. The act of unpeopling, havock, waste. Depopulator, d6-p6p*{i-14'ti'ir. s. (521). A dispeopler, a destroyer of mankind. To D E PORT, dA-p4rt'. v . a* To carry, to demean. Deport, d£-p6rt\ s. Demeanour, be- haviour. Deportation, d^p^r-ti'shdn. s. Transportation, exile into a remote part • of the dominion ; exile in general. Deportment, d^-p6rt'm^nt. s. (512). Conduct, management, demeanour ,<« be. haviour. * To Depose, di-p6ze'. v. a. To lay down I to degrade from a throne^ ; to take away, to divest ; to give testimony, to at- test. To Depose, di-p6ze'. v. n. To bear witness. Depository, d^-poz'^-tAr-i. (512), A One with whom any thing is lodged in trust. To Deposits, dd;-p6z'it. v. a. To lay up, to lodge in any place ; to lay up as a pledge or security ; to lay aside. Deposite, di-p6z'it. 8. (154), Any thing committed to the trust and care of another ; a pledge, a pawn, the state of a thing pawned qr pledged. Deposition, ddp-pi-zfch'An, s. The act of giving public testimony ; the act of degrading a prince from sovereignty. Depository, di-p6z'^-tAr-^. s. The place where any thing is lodged. Depravation, d^p|-r&-vA'sh6n. s. (530). Theactofmakinganythingbadi degeneracy, depravity. To Deprave, d^-prive'.v. a. To vio- late, to corrupt. DEPRAVEDNEssjd^-prAvd'nis.s. Cor« ruption, taint, vitiated taste. Depravembnt, di-prive'mtot. s. A vitiated state. DEPRAVER,di-pri'vAr.8.Acorrupter, Depravity, di*pr4v'A-ti. s. (511). Corruption. To Deprecate, d^p'pr^'^k&te. v. a. To implore mercv of j to beg off; to pray deliverance m>ra (91). Deprecation, d^p-pr6-kA'sh(in. Sx Prayer agaipat evil, D EP 560 D £ R 47* (559).— Fftt^, fir, f^l, fAt ;— m^ m^ ;*-plnc, pin ;~ K Deprecative, (i^p'prt-kj't-tiv. -> ^ (51.2). That sencs to deprecate. To DEPnivciATEi dt-pi'L 'she-ate. v, a. (91). To brinp: a thing down to a lower piicr ; to undcnaluc. To Depredate, dcp'prc-ddte. v. a. (PI). To rob, to plUag-c ; to spoil, to de- nnir. DsPKr.DATioN, d^p-prt-da'sfi»^.n; s. A robbing", a spoiling* ,• voracity, waste. Depkrdator, cI^'p'prt-dA-tir. s. (521). A robber, a devoiirer. ToDlprehend, dep'pr^-hend'. v. a. To cntcb one, to take iinawnres ; to dis- cover, to find oi>t a thinp:. Little used. Dr.piiEHENsiBLE, d(ip-pri-henV-*ol. a. Tl'.at may be caught; that may be m^.dcvjjtocHl. D r rn F. H F. Ns I B x> E N Esa, d^p-pr^. -h^n'. s^-bl-nts. s. apablencss of being- can^flrt ; inlclligiblcness. DtPREHENSiON, dcp-piL-hCn'shin. s. A catching or taking unawares ; a disco- very. To 1 > EPR ESS, d^-prcs'. v. a. To ppcss or thrust down ; to let fall, to let do^^^l ; to luiiiibic, to deject, to sink. Dkprkssi 0N\ di -prcsli''iii. s. The act of prc;isin,i^ down ; the sinking; or-faUinp;" in of a sm-face ; the act of hunibUng, abasement. DEPRKsson,dl-pr^s's''ir. s. (166). He th:it kt'A pH or presses down. DiU'RiVATiox, dcp-prd-vA'sh''n. s. (530). The act of depriving or taking Hway from ; in la\v, is when a clergy- man, a.-? a bishop, purs')«% vicar, or pre- bend, is deposed from Ins preferment. To Deprive, di-prive'. v. a. To be- reave one of a thing ; topu*otit of .in ofHce. Depth. ck-prA. s. Deepness, ihc mea- sure of .iny thing from the surface dowii- wards ; tleep pi.'ce, not a shoal ; the abvHS, a gulp] I of infinite profmdit} ; x!ie mid- dle or height of a season j ab&lnisencss, olxsciu'ity. To Dkpthen, dtpV/n. v. a. (103). To deepen. Depi'lsiok, dc-pul'shi'in. s. (177), A bcaliiig or thrusting away. Drpulsouy, di^-pjirsor-e. a. (44Q). Putting or driving away. To Depurate, d<}p'u.r4tc. v. a. (91). To purify, to cleanse. Dkpuhate, dep'u-rAte. a. (503). Cleansed, freed from dregs ; piire, n«t coutaminated. Depvratiok, d^p-iN-rA'jihiin. si. The act of separating ti>e pure from the im- pure part of any thirg. To Depure, d^-purc'. v. a. To free from impurities ; to purge. Deputation, ddp-iJi-ti'ahftn. s. The act of deputing, or sending with a spe- cial commission ; ^icrgei-ency. To Depute, d^-pute'. v. a. To send witli a special commission, to empowxjr one to transact instead of anotlier. Deputy, d^p'iii-t^. s. A lieutenant, a viceroy ; any one thai transacts business for another. (Ij* This wcu'd is frequently misppoRouDcrd even by good speakers. There is a prone - nesH in the p to slils wonl as if written debbuty. To Dkquantitate, tle-kw6n'tc-l^c. V. a. To diminish the quant ily of. To Deracinate, dd'-r^s's^-nile. v. a. to pluck or tear up by tlic n>'ots. To Drraigk, > 1. ,,^^ To Derain, 5 To prove, to justify, Deray, dc-ia'. s. Tunault, disorder, noise. Dereliction, d^r-c-lik'shAn. a. An utter forsaking or leai-iog. To Deuidr, d^-ride'. v. a. To laugh at, ti) mock, to turn to ridlcide. Deridkr, d^-ri'diV. s. (98). A mock- er, a scoffer. Derision, dt-rlzh'An. a. The act of dendinpf or laugldng at ; oontf;mpt, scorn, a langhirig-stocJc. Drrisi V E, d^-riViv. a* (428). Mock- ing, scotling. Dbrisouy, de-ri'sv'ir^, a. (429) (512). Mocking, rklicuUng. D E R I V A H L E, dt-ri'v A-bl . a. Attaina- ble by right of descent nr deriTadon. Deriv\tion, dcr-^-v»'sht\n. »• (550). The tracing of a word from Ha original ; the tracing of ai»y tiding from its MNirre ; in medicine, the drawing of a liujDoiir from one part of the l*ody to another. De u 1 V ATI V E, dc-rlv'd-tiv. a. DeriTcd or taken from another. Derivative, d^-r*iv'A-ttv. Si (157). The thing or -word d- DE S 361 D £ S -*fl^ mdve, n6rt ndt;»*t{ibet tftb^ bAH;-^!!; p6Aiul; — thm^ this. ther w from the origin and source ; grummar, to trace a word from iUt origin. To Derive, dt-rive'. v. n. To come froniy to owe its orig'in to ; to descend from, DfRiTER, de-rive'di*. s. One that draws or fetches from the original, DfiRNicRt d^m-yarc'. a. Last. To Derogate, dd'r'o-gate. v. a. To lessen the worth of any person or thing, to dispara^^e. To Derogate, d^r'o-gAte. v. n. To retract. Dsrogatk, d^r'o-gite. a. (91). Les- sened in value. DKROGATIONjddT-i-gi'shfln. 8. (530) A d\spar:^i;ing, lesseninjc or taking away the worth of any person or thing'. Derogative, dfe-r6g'&-tiv. a. Dero- gating, Josscnin^ the value. D E H o G A TO r I L y, dc-rujj'a-tii-r d -1^ . ad . In a detracting" manner. DEROGATORiNESs,d^-r6g'4-tiir-6-nes. s. The act of derogating. DEROGATORY,d^-r6g'l-tdr-*,a.(512). That lessens the value of DERviSjd^r'vis. s. A Turkish priest. Descant, des'kant. s. (492). A song or tune ; a discourse, a disputation, a dis- (2tiisition branched out into several divi- sions, or heads. Xo Descant, d^s-k^t'. v. n. To ha- rangue, to discwu-se at large. ToDesckn'd, d^-s^nd'. v.n. To come from a higher place to a lower ; to come down ; to come suddenly, to fail upon as an enemy; tfj make an invasion ; to pro- ceed from an original ; to fall in order of mherhance to a successor ; to extend a discourse from a g^enerai to particular con- aiderationa. To Descend, d^-sdnd'. v. a. To walk downward upon any place. Desckkoaut, d^-st^n'ddnt. s. The oil'spring of an ancestor. Dbsc&sdbkt, de-s^n'd^nt. a. P'alling, flinkiiig, coming down ; proceeding from another as an original or ancestor. Descbkdiblb, d^-sen'd^-bl. a. Such as may be descended i trammissible by inheritance. D R8C E xsioN, d^-6^n'sh{^. s. The act offaUmr or sinking, descent y a declen- sion, a d^gT'adation. Descejit, d^-9^nt'. s. The act of pas- sing from a higher place ; progress do wn- \%aL7ds; invai:ton, nostile entrance into a rourrtry ; transmission of any thing by suc- cession and uiheritance j the state of pro- ceeding from siv original or progenitor { birth, extraction, process of lineage ; off- spring, inlieritors ; a single step in die scale of genealogy ; a rank in the scale of order of being. To Describe, de-skribe'. v. a. To mark out any thing by the mention of its properties ; to delineate, to make out, as a torcb waved about tlie head describes a circle ; to distribute into proper heads or divisions ; to define in a lax manner. Dkscriber, d^-skriTiiir. s. He that describes. Descrier, d^-skri'Ar. 8. (98). Adis* coverer, a detecter. Description, di-skrip'shftn. s. The act of describing or making out any per- son or thing bv perceptible properties ; the sentence or passage in which any tiling is described ; a lax definition ; the qualities expressed in a description. Descriptive, d^-skrip'tiv. a. (157). Describing. To Descry, di-«krl'. v. a* To spy out, to examine at a distance ; to discover, to perceive by the eye, to see any thbig distant or absent. Desc r y, di-skri'. s. Discovery, thing discovered, not in use. ToDESECRATE,dds'si-krite. v.a. To divert from the purpose to which any thing is consecrated. DESECRATibN,d^s-s^-kr4'shfin. s. The abolition of consecration. Desert, d^z'^rt. s. Wilderness^ waste country, uninhabited place. Desert, d^z'^rt. a. Wild, waste, solitary. To Desert, dd-z^rt'. v. a. To for- sake ; to fall away from, to quit meanly or treacherously ; to leave, to abandon ; to quit the army, or regiment, in which one is enlisted. Desert, dd-z^rt'. s. Qualities or con- duct considered with respect to rewai'ds or punishments, deg^e of merit or de- merit I excellence, right to reward, virtue. Deserter, d^-z^r'ttir. s. (98), He that has forsaken his cause or his post ; he that leaves the army in which he is enlisted ; he that forsakes another. Desertion, d^-zdr'shdn. 8. Theactof forsaking or abandoning a cause or post. Desertless, dd-z^rt'fes. a. Without merit To Deserve, dd-z4rv'. v. a. To be worthy of either good or ill ; to be worthy of reward. Deservedly, dd-zdr'vM-ld. ad. (364). Worthily, according to desert. D £ S 363 OE S tT' (559).— Fite, ClLr, fill, fit;— md, mdt;— pine, pin; Deskrvbr, dfc-z^p'vAr. s. (98.). A man who merits rewards. DESiccANTSjdd-slk'k^ts. s. Applica- tions that diy up the How of sores, driers. To Desiccate, d^-sik'kite. v. a. (503). To dry up. DEsiccATiON,d6s-ik-ki'8h6n. s. The act of making dry. Desiccative, d^-slk'kd-tlv. a* That which has the power of drying. To Desiderate, d^-sld'er-4te. v. a. to want, to miss., Not in use. ToDesign, di-slne'. v.a. (447). To purpose ; to form or order wi A a particu- lar purpose; to devote intentionally i to plan, to proiect ; to mark out. 0!^ I have dinered from Mr. Sheridan, by preserving the «, in this word and its com pounds, pure. I am supported in this by Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Perry, and have always looked upon To Dezign as vulgar. See Principles (447). Design, dd-slne^ s. An intention, a purpose ; a scheme, a plan of action ; a scheme formed to the detriment of ano- ther ; the idea which an artist endeavours to execute or express. Designable, d^>sme'&-bl. a. Distin- guishable, capable to be particularly marked out. D£su&NATiON,d^s-9lg*ni'sh{b.s. The act of pointing or marking out ; appoint- ment, directions ; import, intention. To Designate, des'ig-nite. v. a. To point out or mark by some particular token (503). Designedly, di-si'n^d-W. ad. (364). Purposely, intentionally. Designer, d^-si'nilr. s.^^S). A plot- ter, a contriver ; one that forms the idea of any thing in painting or sculpture. Designing, d^-si'nlng. part. a. In- sidious, treacherous, deceitful. Designless, dd-shie'lds. a. Unknow- ing, inadvertent Designlessly, d^-sine'l^s-1^. ad. Without intention, ig^orantly, inadvert- ently. Designment, d6-sbe'm^nt. s. Aplot, a malicious, intention ; the idea, or sketch of a work. Desirable, d&-zi'ri-bl. a. Plea§ing, delightful ; that which is to be wished with earnestness. Desire, d^-zirc'. s. Wish, eagerness to obtain or enjoy. To Desire, d^-zire'. v. a. To wish, to long for ; to express wishes, to long } to «>k, to intrcat Desirer, dd-zl'rdr. a. (98). Onetiiat Fun is eager after any thing. Desirous, d^-ziVfis. a. (314). of desire, eager, longing after. Desirousness, d^-zi'm-n^. s. Ful- ness of desire. ^ Desirously, d^-zl'rfts-1^. ad. Eager- ly, with desire. To Desist, di-slst'. v. n. (447). To cease from any thing, to stop. ^ I have preserved the « pjure in this wwd, contrary to Mr. Sheridan, who spells it deziH. Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Perry are of my opinion, and I cannot see any reason, either from custom or analogy, to alter it (447). Desistance, d^-sls'tinse. s. The act of desisting, cessation. DEsi8TivE,d^-sls'tly. a. (157). End- ' ing, concluding. Desk, desk. s. An inclining table for the use of writers or readers. Desolate, d6s's6-Ute, a. (9t). With- out inhabitapts, uninhabited ; deprived of inhabitants, laid waste ; solitary, witl^out society. To Desolate, d&s's6-Ute, v. a. To deprive of inhabitants. Desolately, d^s'86-Ute-l6. ad. In a desolate manner. Desolation, d^s6-14'shdn. s. De- struction of inhabitants; g^oonuiiess, me- lancholy ; a place wasted and forsidken. Despair, d^-sp&re^ s. HopeleasDess, despondence ; that which causes despair, that of which there is no hope ; in theolo* gy, loss of confidence in the mercy of God. To Despair, d^-sp&re^ v. n. To be iKathout hope, to despond. DESPAiRERjd^-spiLre'Ar.s. One with- out hope. Despairingly, d^-sp&'ring-]^. ad. In a manner betokening hopelessness. To DESPATCH,dd-spitch'.v.a. Tosend away hastily ; to send out of tiie worid, to put to death { to perform a business quick- iy ; to conclude an affair with another. dCjT There is a general rule in pronuncia- tion, viz. when a vowel ends a syllable im- mediately before the accent, that vowel has a tendency to lengthen, and is oflen, particularly in solemn speaking, pronoun- ced as open as if the accent were on it. See To Collect. (544).— This general tendency inclines us to divide words in such a manner as to make the vowel end tlie unaccented syllable : and if the two succeeding consonants arecombiiiablc,to carr}' tliem both to tliat syUable which has the accent When the c is ^ua Icfi ta D ES 363 D ES —116, iii4v€, n6r, nit;— -tube, tAb, bill ;— Ail ;—p66nd ;—/Ain, this. To Desponsatk, d^^p&n'sAte. v. a. To betroth, to affiance. Desponsatiok, d^s.pAn^4'shfln. a. (530). The betrothing^ persons to each other. Despot, dds'pot.s. An absolute prmcc. Despotical, d^-sp6t'6-kttl. > .. Despotick, d*-sp6t'ik. J** ^°* solute in power, unlimited in authority. Despoticalness, d6-sp6t'^-kal-nds. s. Absolute authority. Despotism, d^s'po-tizm. s. Absolute power. Dessert, d6z-z4rt'. s. The last course of an entertainment. To Destinate, d^s't^-nite. v. a. To deaign for any particular end. Destination, d^s-t^-ni'shAn. a. The purpose for which any thing ia appointed. To Destine, dds'tln. V, a. (140); To doom, to appoint luialterably to any state ; t to appoint to any use or purpose ; to de« vote, to doom to punishment or misery ; to fix unalterably. Destiny, d(Js't^-n^.s. The power that spins the life, and determines tlie fate ; fate, invincible necessity, doom, condition in future time. Destitute, dfis't^-tiiite. a. Forsaken, '^ abandoned ; in want of DESTiTUTioN,d^s-t^.tu'shAn.$. Want, the state in which something is wanted. To Destroy, di-8ti6^'. v. a. To over- turn a city, to raze a building, to lay waste, to make desolate ; to kiU j to put an end to, to bring to nought. Destroyer, dd-htrOe'iir. d. (98). The person that destroys. Destructible, d£-str{ic't£-b]. a. Lia- ble to destruction. Destruction, d^-stnik'shdn. s. The act of destroying, waste ; murder, mas- sacre ; the state of being destroyed ; in theology, eternal death. Destructive, d^-strik'tiv. a. That which destroys, wasteful, causing ruin and devastation. Destructively, d^-strflk'tlv-16. ad. Ruinously, mischievously. ' DESTRUCTIVENESS,d6-StrAk'tlv-n&.S, The quality of destroyine; or ruining. Destructor, d^-stnik'tilr. s. (1( I the syllable before the accent in di- 4Pctir, de-tpaick, &c. it inclines to its open slender sound, which, being rapidly pro- nouncedy falls into the short t, which is exactly its short sound (105) ri07) ; for when the c is short by being closed by a cwisonant, like other vowels, it goes into adiflrerent sound from the long one (544). Thus the word dtapatch, till Dr. Johnson corrected it, was always written with an if and now it is corrected, we do not find the least difiTerence in the pronunciation. DEspA^TCB,d^p4tch^ s. Hasty execu- tion ; express, hasty messenger or mes- Despatchfvl, d^-sp&tshTiU. a. Bent ofn baste. Dksperate, dfe'p^-rite. a. (91). Without hope ; without care of safety, rash; irretrievable; mad, hot-brained, furious. DKSPKBATELy,d*s'p*-r4te-l^. ad. Fu- riously, madly; in a great degree : this sense is ludicrous. Desperatkmkss, dis'p^-rdte-nis. Madness, fiiry, precipitance. Dksperation, d^s.p4-r4'shto. s. Hopelessness, despair. Despicable, d^'p^-ki-bl. a. Con- tempdhle, mean, wdrthless. Despicablekess, dds'p^-kA-bl-nds. s Meanness, vUeness. DsspicAALY, d^'p^4(l-4)I^.ad. Mean* ly»8aRiidly. Despisable, d^-spFzd-bl. a. Contemp- tible, regarded with contempt To DssptsE, d^-spize'. v. a. To scorn, to contemn. Despiser, d^-spS'zdr. s. Contemner, I scomer. Djespite, di-spite'. s. Malice, anger, defiance; act of malice. Despitefi^l, d^-spite'flil. a. Malici- ous, fbll of spleen. Despitefully, d^-spite'Ril-W. ad. Maiietottaly, malignantly. Despitefolfess, d^-splte'fill-nis. s. Mslice, hate, malignity.. To Despoii-, d^-sp611'. v. a. To rob, to deprive. Despoliatiok, d5s-p6-16-A'shdn. s. (530). The act of desfXMling or stripping. To Despond, d£-sp6nd'. v. n. To de- spaor, to lose hapt ; in thectlogy, to lose hope of the divine mercy. Despomdency, d^-9p6n'dto^. s. De- ' apair, hopelessness. Despondekt, d^-sp^n'dint. a. De- ^pairing, hopeless. (166). s. A pro- Destroyer, consumer. Desudation, d^s-u-d^'sh^di fuse and inordhiate sweating. Desuetude, d^s'svr^-t&de. s. (334). Cessation fit)m being accustomed. D E T S64 D E T ij5» (559)._F4te, fi^r, f&ll, flit;— m*, tn&t;— pine, pfn;— Desultory, dfis'^ll-tAr-e. (512). "> ^ Dksultorious, dfes-il-to'rt-iis. 3 * Removin? from thing to things, unsettled, immethodical.— See Subsdltory. To Dksume, d^-sume'. v. a. To take from any thinjj . ToDEiACH,dc-t4tah'.v.a. To sepa- rate, to disengage j to send out part ol a greater body of men on an expedition. Dkt AC HMENT, d^-tatsh'meiU. s. A bo- av of troops sent ont from the niain army. To' Detail, dt-tule'. v. a. To relate particularly, to particularize. Detail, d^-lile'. s. A minute and particular account. To Detain, A^^-tine'. v. a. To keep that which belonffs to anotlier ; to wltli- hold, to keep back ; to restrain from de- T>arturc ; to hold in custody. DETAiNi>EH,dM4ne'dar.s.(98). The ' name of a writ for holding oi^e m custody. Detainer, dc-ta'ntir. s. He that holds . back anv one's right, he tliat detains. ^ To Detect, d^-tckt'. v. a., io dis- cover, to find out any crime or artifice. Detecter, dt-t^k't6r. s. A discover- er, one that finds out >*hat another de- sires to hide. • Detection, d^-tek'shiin. s. Discove- ry of guilt or fraud ; discoveiy of anj thing hidden. Detention, de-tfin'shftn. s. The act of keeping what belongs to another ; con- finement, restraint. ^ To Deter, d^-ter'. v. a. lo discou- rage from any thing. Determent, dMer'm^nt. s. Cause of discourageroent. To Deterge, dc-terje'. v. a. lo cleanse a sore. Detergent, d^^t^r'j^nt. ^ Inat which cleanses. , DzTBRioRitTiON, de-te-rc-6.ra sliun. s. The act of making any thing^ worse. Determinable, d^-ter'mi-nu-bi. a. iniat which maybe certainly decided. Determinate, de-ter'm^-nate. a. (91). Limited ; estabUshed ; conclusive ; fixed, resolute. , , » ,1 Determinately, d^-tfir mi-nate.I6. ad. Resolutely, with fixed resolve. Determination, dc-t^r-m^-n^ shOn. s. Absolute dh^ction to acertain end; the result of deliberation ; judicial decision. Determinative, de-t^r'mi-nu-tiv. a. That which uncontrollably directs to a oer- tain end ; tliftt which roAkea a limitation. Detbrminator, dc-ter-nn^-n4't^. s. (521). One \vho determines. To Determine, d^-t^r'mtn. v. a. (140). To fix, to settle : to fix ultimate- ly ; to adjust, to limit ; to influence the choice ; to resolve ; to decide, U» put an end to, to destroy. io Determine, d^-ter'mln.v.n. To conclude ; to end ; to conie to a decision ; to resolve conccrning.any thing. » ^ L)ET£RRATioN,de-tcr-r4'shun.s. Dis- covery of any thing by removal of die eartli. Dktkksion, di'-ter'slrin. s. The act of cleansing a sore. DETERsivE,de.terViv. a. (158). Hav- ing the power to cleanse. Detersive, dt5:-tcr'siv. s. (428). An application that has the power gf clean- sing woiuids. To Detest, de-test', v. a. To hiite, to ablior. DETESTABLE,d^-tes'ta-U. a. llateiul, abhoiTcd. , TT Detestably, dc-tes'ta-bl^* ad. Hatc- fuUv, abominably. Detestation, dv-t-tes-t^'sh^itn. s. (530). Hatred, abhoi rence, uboniination. Di-TLSTER, de-tcb'lir. s. (98)- One that luitcs. To Dethrone, dd--/Ar6ne'. v. a. To divest of regality, to throw down^from the throne. Detinue, dMin'ii. ». (503). A writ that lies agt*inst liim, who, having g«»* or chatlels delivered hi.m to keep, fetu- ses to deliver tliem again. Detonation, det-o-ni'shiinis. Some- what more forcible tJian the ordinaiy crackling of salts in calcination, as in the going ofV of the pulvis or auioim fulDU- nans, or the like. To Detonize, d6t'to-nize. v, a. lo calcine with detonation. • *--;*; I o Detort, de-tort', v, a. To wrest from tiie original import To Detr ACT,d«5:.trdkt'. v. a. To dero- gate, to take away by envy and calumny. DETRACTER,d£-tr2lk'tur. s. One d^at takes VLvr&y anotlier's reputation. DETRACTioN,d^-trik'shfin.s. Tbeact of taking oft' from any thing ; scandal. Detractory, d^-trak'tiir-^. a. (557,. Defamatory by denial of desert, dcJ-o- cMitoi y. . DETRACTRESS,d6-trik'tr^s.s. Accn- sorious woman. Detriment, d^t'tri-mtnt. s, 1-o^s, damage, mischief. Detiumental, d^t-trt-fn^n'ial. a- Miscbievous, harmful, causing^ loss. DE V 365 DEW — hA, mdve, ndvy n6t;--4&be) tAb, bdU;— i^U; — p6{ind; — Min, this. To Detrubk, d^-tr66d'. v. a. To thnut down, to force into a lower place. To Detruncate, d*-triing'kAte. v. a. To lopy to cut, to shorten. Detruncation, d&t-rdii4L&^shi^D. s The act of lopping^. Dktrusiok, d^-trd^'zhAn. s. The Act of thnisting down. To Devastate, di-vis'tite. v. a. To lay waste, to plunder.— See Appendix. Devastation, d^v-ds-ti'shftn. s. Waste, havock. Deuce, dAae. s. Two. To Devei-op, d^-v^l'Ap. V. a. To disr engage from something that enfolds. Devergence, dfe-ydr'j^nse. s. De- clivity, declination. To DEVEST,d^-vist'. V. a. To strip, to deprive of clothes; to take away any thing good ; to free from any thing bad. I>EvEx, 'd^'v6ks\ a. Bending down, declivous. Devexity, d^-v6k's^-t6. s. Incurva- tion downwards. To Deviate, dd'v^-ite. v. n. (542) To wander from the right or common way ; to go astray, to err, to sin. Deviation; di-v^-A'shAn. s. The act of quitting the right way, erroiu*; va- riation fitmi established rule ; offence, obliquity of conduct Device, dd-vice'. s. A contrivance, a stratagem ; a desig^n, a scheme formed ; the emblem on a shield ; invention, ge- nius. Dev 1 L, d^v'vl. 8. ( 1 59) (405). A fall- en angel, the tempter and spiritual ene- my of mankind. — See Appendix. Devilish, d^v^vl-ish. a. Partaking of the qualities of the devil ;. an epitliet of abhorrence or contempt. Devilishly, divM-lsh4^. ad. In a manner suiting the devil. Dkvious, d^'vA-fis. a. (542). Out of the common track ; wandering, roving, rambling ; erring, going astray from rec- titude. To Devise, di^viae'. v. a. To con- trive, to invent ; to grant by will. To Devise, d^-viase'. v. n. To oonai- dep, to contrive. liKVisE, d^-vizc'. s. The act of giv- ing or bequeathing by will. Devi&e, d*-vbe'. s. Contrivance. Devisee, d^M^xitr, s. A contriver, an inventor. Dkvitarle, d£v^^-ti-bl. a. Possible to be avoided. Devitatioh, d^v-^-ti'shfin. s. The act of escaping. Devoid, d6-voId'. a. Empty, vacant ; witliout any thing, whether gtxHl or evil. Devoir, d6-vwTup of poppies. DiAcousTics, dUa-kd^l'stlks. s. The doctrine of sounds. Diadem, di'd^d^m. s. A tiara, an en- . • sign of royalty hound about the head of eastern monarch s ; the mark of royalty worn on the head, the crown. Diademed, di'd-d^md. a. (359). A- domed with adiadem. DiADROM, di'a-drflm. s. (166). The time in which any motion is performed Diuresis, di-^r'^-sSs. s. (124). The separation or disjunction of syllables. C3* Mr. Sheridan has given the long sound of 4m'ni^-tra-A. ad. According to the direction of a diameter. Diametrical, di4-mfit'tr^-kdi. a. Describing a diameter; observing the direction of a diameter. Diametrically, di-sk-m^t'tr^kAl-^. ad. In a diametrioal direction ; directly. Diamond, di'i-mdnd. s. The most valuable and hardest of all the gems. Diapason, dl4-pA'z6n. s. A term in music ; an octave, the most perfect con- cord. Diaper, dl'4-p6r. s. (98). Linen doth woven in figures ; anaplun. To Diaper, dl'4-pdr. v. a. To varic- Sfte, to diversify; to draw flowers upas clothes. D IC sef D I E — o^ m4ve, ndr, ii&t;*-i4&be, tAb, bJOl;— 60;— p66nd; — thm, this. Tniuparency^ pellucidness. DrAPBAHicK, di-l-ftnlk. a. (509) lYansparent, pellucid. IhAPHAKOus, di^rCH-nAs. a. (518). Transparent, clear. Diaphoretic K, dl-4-f5-rftt'ik. a. Su- dorifick, promoting a perspiration. DiAPHAAGM, di'4-fpim. s. (389), The midrifT, which divides the upper ca- Tily of the body from the lower ; any divi- sion or partition which divides a hollow body. DiARHHOKA, dl-lir-ri^d. s. A flux of the belly. DiAKRHOETicK, di-dr-rdt'Uc a. Pro- moting tftie fiux of the belly, solutive, purgatiTe. Di AR T, di'i-r£. s. An account of every day, a journal. ' Di ASTOLEy dJ-ds^t6-l^. s. ( 1 1 6). A flgui'e in rftetorick> by which a short syllable is made long; the dilatation of the heaijL. DiASTTLE) di'ds^ile. s. An interco- boanniatlon of three diameters. eC?* The reason why this word is pronoimced in tliree syllables, and Diastole in four, is, that the latter is perfect Greek AtfTrox* ,and the former is a compound^f our own, form- ed from JkLandrrvxot a pillar. The same reason holds good for pronouncing Apo- cope, as divided into A-poc-o-pe: and Otteo' scope into (h-te^oscope. And though John- son, Ash, Buchanan, and Barclay, accent DioMtyle on the second syllable, I have no hesitation to differ from them by placing the accent on the first. — See Acadkmy. DiATEssEROH, di-&-t£s's^-r6n. s. An interval in musick. Dibble, dtWh\. s. (405). A small spade. DiBSTOKE, dib'st6ne. s. A little stone which childt«n throw at another stone. Die ACiTY, d^-kis'si-td. s. (124). Peit- ness, sanciness. Di CE^ dice, s- The plural of Die— See DiK. DicE-Boxydke-boks. s. The box from , whence the ^e aK thrown. Dicer, di'cir. ». (98). A player at di<:e,^ agwnester. To Dictate, dlk'tite. v. a. (91). To defiver to another with authority. Dictate, dik'tite. s. (91). Rule or I delivered with authority. Dictation, dlk-tA^'shin. s. The act or practice of dictating. . Dictator, dik-t4't&r. s. (531). Alna- ^istnte of Roii^e made in times of exi- gence, and invested with absolute autho- rity; one invested with absolute authori- ty ; one whose credit or authority enables him to direct the conduct or opinion of others (166). Dictatorial, dlk-tJ-tA'r^ 41. a. Au- thoritative, confident, dogmatical. Dictatorship, dlk-tA'tAr-ship. s. The office of a dictator ; authority, inso. lent confidence. CiCTATURE,dik-tA't8h6re« 8. The of- fice of a dictator. , Diction, dik^sh^n. i. Style, language, expression. DiCTi0NARY,dlk'shfin-4-rd.s. A book < ' containing tlie vrords of any language, a vocabulary, a word-book. QC? A few years ago this word was univer- sally pronounced as if written Dixnary, and a person would have been thouglit a pedant if he had pronounced it according to its orthography ; but such has been the taste for improvement in speaking, that now a person would risk the imputation of vulgarity should he pronounce it other- wise man it is written. Did, did. The preterit of Do; the sign of the preterimperfect tense. Didactical, d^-dak'ti-kdl, > DiDACTicK, d^-dik'tlk. (124). 5 ** Preceptive, giving precepts. Di DAPPER, dld'ap-pAr. s. A bird that dives into the water. DiDAScALicK, dld-fa-kirik. a. (125) (509). Preceptive, didactick. Didst, didst. The second person 9f the preter tense of Do.-^See Din. To Die, dl. v. a. To tinge, to colour.. Die, di. s. Colour, tincture, stain, hve acquired. To Die, di. V. n. To lose life, to expire, to pass into another state of existence ; to perish, to come to nothing i in theoloffy, to perish everlastingly ; to languish with pleasure or tenderness ; to wither as a ve- getable ; to grow v]^id, as liquor. Die, dl. s. pi. Dice, dlse.-A small cube, marked, on its faces with numbers fix>m one to six, which gamesters throw in play ; hazard, chance ; any cubick body. Die, di. s. pi. Dies, dize. The stamp used in coinage.^ / DiER, di'flr. s. (98). One who follows the trade of dying. DiEt, di'it. s. F(km}, victuals ; food re- gulated by the rules of medicine. To Diet, dl'^t. v. a. To give food to; to board, to supply with diet. D I F 36$ DIG 07* (559).~Fdte, f4r» fUl, £(tt;— mig, m^t-,^^be> pin j~ s. Re- To Diet, di'fit. v. n. To eat by rules . of physick ; to eat, to feed. DiBT/di'et. s. An assembly of princes or estates. Diet-drink, di'^t-drlnk. s. Medicated liquors. Dietary, di'^t-4-re. a* Pertaining to thenilesofdiet. Dieter, di'6t-tAr. s. (98). One who prescribes rules for eating. DiETETicAL, di'-i-tet'^-kdl. Dietetic K, dir6-t^t'ik. latin^ to diet, belonging" to the medicinal cautions about the use of food. ' To Differ, differ, v/n. (98). To be distinguished from, to have properties and qualities not the same with those of another ; to contend, to be at variance ; to be of a contrary opinion. Difference, diffdr-finse. s. (555). State of being distinct from something ; tlie qualities by which one differs from another ; tlie dispropoi*tion between one thing and another j dispute, debate, quar- rel ; distinction ; point in question, ground of controversy j a logical distinction. Different, dlffdr-^nt. a. Distinct, not the same ; of many contrary qualities ; unlike, dissimilar. Differently, dirfiir-int-l^. ad. In a different manner. DiFFiciL, diff^-slLa. Difficult, hard, not easy ; scrupulous. Not in use. Difficult, diffd-kiMt. a. Hard, not easy; troublesome, vexatious; hai*d to please, peevish. Difficultly, diffiS-kdlt-l^. ad. Hard- ly, with difficulty. Difficulty, dif ft-kiM-t^. * s. Hard- ncssj contrariety to easiness ; that which is hard to accomplish ; distress, opposi- tion ; perplexity in affairs ; objection, cavil. ToDiFFiDE,dif-fide'. v.n. Todistrust, to have no confidence in. Diffidence^ dlff6-d6nse. s. Distrust, want of confidence. DiFFii^ENT, dlPfe-ddnt. a. Not confi- dent, not certain. To DiFFiND, dif-find'. v. a. To cleave in two. DiFFiss^oN, dif-fish'iln. s. The act of cleaving. — See Abscission. DiFFLATiON, dif-fli'shfin. s. The act of scattering with a blast of wind. DiFFLUENcE, difflu-en.se. J „,. DiBFLUENcy, dlfflu-^n^s^. i ^: ^"^ quality of failing away on all sides. Diffluent, dlffi&^nt a. (5 18). Flow. ing every way, not fixed. DiFFORM, dlf f6rm, a. Contrary to uni- form, having parts of different structure, aa a difform flower, one of which the leaves are unlike each other. DiFFORMiTY, dlf-f6r'm6-t6. s. Diver- sity of form, irregularity, dissimilitude. To Diffuse, dif-f(ize'. v. a. To pour out upon a plane ; to spread, to scatter. Diffuse, dif-fiise'. a. Scattered, wide- ly spread ; copious, not concise. QC^ This adjective is distinguished from the verb in the pronunciation off, in the same manner as Uie noun use is from the verb to use, and cUnue from to ahiae, &c. 499. This analogy is very prevalent, and seems the reason why adjectivea en^ling In si^c have the t pure (428). Diffused, dif-fuzd'. part. a. (359). WUd, uncouUi, irregular. DiFFUSEDLY, dlf-fu'zadl^. ad. (364). Widely, dispersedly. DiFFUsEDNESs, dlf-fCi'zed-n^s. s. (365), The state of being diffused, dis- pcrsion. Diffusely, dif-ftsel^. ad. Widely, extensively ; copiously. Diffusion, diffu'zh^n.s. Dispersion, tlie state of being scattered every way ; copiousness, exuberance of style. DiFFusivEjdiffu'siv. a. (428). Having ing the quality of scattering any thing eveiy way ; scattered, dispersed ; extend- ed, in full extension. Diffusively, dif-fi'slv-W. ad. Wide- ly, extensively. Diffusiveness, dif-fu'slv-n^s. s. Ex- tension, dispersion ; wantx>f conciseness. To Dig, dig. v. a. preterit. Dug or Dig^d, part pass. Dug or Digged. To pierce with a spade; to cultivate the ground by turning it with a spade ; to pierce with a sharp point To Dig, dig. v. !!• JTo work with a spade. ^ Digest,. di'j^st. s, (492). The pandect of the civil law. * To Digest, d^-j^st'. v. a. (124). To distribute into various classes or reposito- ries, to range metliodically ; to concoct in tlie stomach ; to soften by heat, as in a boil- er, a chemical term ; to range methodically in the mind ; to reduce to any plan, scheme, or method; in chirurgery, to dispose a wound to generate pus m'order to a cure. To Digest, de-j^t'. v. n. To gener- ate matter as a wound. DIS .369 D I L ««D^ mdve) n6r, ndt;— it&be, tiO), bUi^— &U; — p6tuid;- I>iG£STEB, d^'jis^tdr. s. He that di- gests or concocts his food; a strong^ ves seJ, wherein to boil, with a very strong* he«t, any bony substance, so as to reduce them into a fluid state ; that which causes or strengthens the concoctive power. DIGESTIBLE) d£-j^'t£-bl. a, Capable of being digested (124). Theincumbentssufferinganyedi. Digestion, d6-jds'tshAn. s. The act of ficcs of his ecclesiastical living to go to : food i the preparation of mat- puin or decay. concocting tbod { the preparation ter by a chemical heat ; reduction to a plan ; the act of disposing a wound to generate matter. Digestive, d*-j^tlv. a. Having the power to cause digestion; capable by heat to sofUn and subdue ; disi)osing, methodising. I>igestite, d^-i^s'tlv. s. An applica- tion wliich disposes a wound to generate matter. DiGcrR, dig'gflr. s. (98). One that opens the ground with a spade, To DiGHT, dite. v. a. (393). To dress, to deck, to adorn. Not in use. Digit, dld'jlt. s. The measure of length containing tliree fourths of an inch ; the twelfUi part of the diameter of the sun and moon ; any of the numbers expressed by ain^e flgures. Digitated, did'j£-t^-t^d. a. Branch- ed out into divisions like fingers. DiGLADiATioN, di-gl4-d^-4'shi&n. s. (125). A combat with swords, any quarrel Dignified, dig'n^-fide. a. (282). In- vesled with some dignity DiGMiFicATioN, dlg-n^^fi^-k^'shfln. s. Exaltation. To Dignify, dig'nMi. v. a. (183) To advance, to prefer, to exalt ; to honour, to adonu DiGXiTARY, d!g'n^-ti-r^. s, A cler- gyman advanced to some dignity, to some rank above that of a parochial priest. Dignity, dl.g'nd-t^. s. Rank of eleva- tion ; grandeur of mein ; advancement, preferment, higrfa place ; among ecclesi asUcs, that promotion or preferment to which any jurisd^tion is annexed. To Digress, d^-gr^s'. v. n, (124). To depart firotn the main design ; to wander, to e:ipatiate. Digression, d^-gr^sh'dn. s. A pas- sage deviating from the main tenour ; de- TiMJOR. Diji^DicATioK, di-jA-d^-k&'sh^. s. (125). Judicial distinction. DiKK, dike* s. A channel to receive water ; a mound to hinder inundations. 7iill, THIS, To DiLACERATE, d^-tts's^H-dtC. V. R- (124). To tear, to rend. Dilacrration, di-lAs-s^-rA'shAn. s. The act of rending in two. To DiLANiATE, d^-Ii'n^-4tc. v. a« (124). To ruin, t4> throw down. Dilapidation, dM4p-^ lating to the deluge. Dim, dim. a* Not having a quick sig^t; dull of apprehension ; not clearly seen, obscure ; obstructing the act of vi* sion, not luminous. To Dim, dim. v. a* To cloud, to darken ; to make less bright, to obscure Dimension^ di-min'shon. s. (124). Space contained in any thing, bulk, rx- p tent, capacity. DiMENsioNLEss, de-m^n'shiiin'R'S. a. Without any definite bulk. DiMENsivE, di-m^n'slv. a« That wliich mai*ks the boundaries or outlines. DiMiDiATioN, di*mid-di-i'8hfln« s. The act of halving. To Diminish, d^-min'lsb. v. a. (124). To make less by any abscission or destruc- tion of any part; to impair, to lessen, to degrade ; to take any ^ing from that to 'vrhich it belongs, the contrary to add. C3* What has been observed of Uie t ending . a syllable before the accent is ^iplicable to the i .• they are both exactly the same sound.— See Despatch. To Diminish, d^-min'jsh. v.n. (124). To grow less, to be impaired. DiMiNisHiNGLY,d^-min'ish-lng4^.ad. In a manner tending to vilify. Diminution, dim-md-n^'sh^n. s. The act of making less ; tlie state of growing less ; discredit ; in architecture, tlie con- traction of a diameter of a cokunn, as it ascends. • Diminutive, d6-mln'n6-tiv. a. Small, little. Diminutive, dd-mln'ni-tlv. s. A word formed to express littleness, as maniken, in English a little man ; a small tiling. Diminutively, dd-min'niu-tiv-ld, ad. In a ^roinutive manner. Diminutiveness, d6.min'nil.tlv-ivds. s. Smallness, littleness, pettyness. DiMisH, dimmish, a. Somewhat dim. DiMissoRY, dim'is-s^r-rd. a. That by which a man is dismissed to another ju- risdiction. CCjr* I have followed Br. Jolmson's accentu- ation of Uiis word, as more agi*eeable to analogy Uian Mr. Slieridan's.— Sec Rhym* ing Dietionaty under the word. DiMiTY, dim'6-t^. s. A fine kind of fustian^ or cloth of cotton. Dimly, dim'i^. a. Not with a quick sight, ngt with a clear perception; not brightly, not luxnixvoualy. Dimness, dbn'n^s. a. Dulness of sight ; want of apprebensioD» stupidity. Dimple, dlm'pl. s. (405). Cavity or depression in the cheek or DiopTRicK, dWp'trik. (1 16). J ** Afibrding a medium ibr the sight, assisting the sight in the view of distant objects. DioPTRiCKs, dl-6p'trifc8. 8.(509). A part of optics, treating of the difierent re- ft-actions of the. light DiORTHROsis, di^-zAri'sls. 8. (520). . An operation by wiiich crooked membera are made even. To Dip, dip. v. a. To immerge, to piH I>IR 371 D I $ -^ hiAtc, nAr, nAt^-tfibe, tto, bfiU f--611 ;— p6ted ; rAin, tbis. inte«grUquOT^^^^^^ Director, di-r^k'tdr. s. (166). One that has authority over others, a superin- iiitendant ; a pule, an ordinance ; an in- atpuctor ; one who is consulted in cases of conscience ; an instrument in surgery, by which tiie hand is guided in its operation. Directory, d^^rik'ttir-*. s. (512). gage in any affair ; to engage as apkdge To Dip, dip. v. n. To immcrge; to pierce ; to enter slightly into any tiling ; to drop by chance into any mass, to choose by chance. x I DiPCHicK, dip'tshik. s. The name of Ti.„-**w^,T- ^! »i«/i 1A. « /iio\ The book which the factious preachers DiPETALOUS, di.pitMds. a. (119). published in the rebeUion for the direc- Havmg two flower leaves. tion of their sect in acts of worship. Diphthong, dipWiong, s, (413). A co-, Direful, dire'mi. a. Dire, dreadful. Diploma, d4.pl6'm&. s. ( 124). Aletter j ^orrour, hcinousness. or wntmgconfernng some privilege Direption, di-r^p'shtln. s. (125). The DiPPEK,dip'p&r, s. (98). One that dips. ' ^ct of plundering 0r^?iffit!:?er "'°'"^""'^i^'^ ^•. Amoumful ditty, a ""tF-'^^TL^^^^^ -^xTI, JftTTkind of da,,er. ^^Tthlmint^^^^ P- DiKT,ddit. s (10«).Mud, filtl^mlre; DiPSAs, dip'sds. s. A serpent whose I -"'^*""*'''"'*^"^*^^"^" bite produces unquenchable thirst. DiPTOTE, dlp't6te. s, A noun consist* ing of two cases only; BiPTicE, dip'tik. s* A register of bishops and martyrs. D t RE, dire. a. Dreadful,di8mal,horrible< Direct, di-rikt'. a« (124). Straight, not crooked ; not obtique ; not collateral ; J4>parently tending to some end; open, not ambiguous ; phun/ express. ToDirect, d^.p^kt'. V. a. (117). To aim in a straight line ; to point against as a mark; to regulate, to adjust: to pre- scribe certam measure, to. mark out a cer- tain course ; to order, to command. DiRECTER, d^-r^k't^r. s. One that di- Tccts ; an instrument that serves to guide any manual operation. Direction, d^-rfik'shfin. s. Aim at a certain point ; motion impressed by a cer- tain impulse ; order, command, prescrip- tMm. Dikectite, d^-r^k'tiv. a. Having the power of diiection; inibrming, showing the way. Di rectly, d6-rdkt'i4. ad. In a straight line, recttllneaJl^ ; immediately, appa- rently, without circumlocution. Cj* hi this word we have an instance of a ditierent pronunciation in the cmphatical and coQoquiai use of it. If we wish to be Tery distinct or forceful, we frequently probounce the i long, as in dia// but in common conversation wc give, this letter the sound of^, according to analoey (117) (124). Directness, d^-rdkt'n^s. b. Straight- ness, tendency to aj^y point* the nearest To Dirt, d\irt. v. a. To foul, to bcmire. D I rt p I E, diirt-pi'. s. Fonns moulded by children of clay. Dirtily, dfirt'c-l^. ad. Nastily ; mean- ly, sordidly. Dirtiness, du-l'^-n^s. s. Nastiness, filthiiiess, foulness ; meanness, baseness, sordidness. Dirty, dilrt'^ a. Foul, nasty; mean, despicable. To Dirty, dflrt'^. v. a. To foul, to soil ; to disgrace, to scandalize. DiRUPTiON,di-rfip'8hiin. s. (125). The act of bursting or breaking ; the state of bursting or breaking. Dis, dis. or diz. (425) (455). An inse- par&^le particle usc'd in composition, im- plying commonly a privative or negative si^ihcation of tjie word to which it is jomed ; as, to arnh to disarm ; toj'o/n, to disjoin; &c. O;^ When the accent, either primary or se- condarj^ is on this inseparable proposition, the s is always sharp and hissing; but when the accent is on the second syllable, the # will be either hissing or buzzing, accord- ing to the nature of the consecutive letter. That is, if a sharp mute, as p, r, &c. suc- ceed, the preceding « must be pronounced sharp and hissing, as dispose, dittaste. Sec. ; but if a flat mute, as h, d, &c. or a vowel or a liquid begin the. next syllable, the foregoing s must be sounded Uke Zy as dis' burse f disdain, &c. ; but if the secondary accent be on this inseparable preposition^ (523) as in disbelief, &c. the * retains its pure hissing sound. Dismal, which seems to be an objection to the first part ol this rule, is in reality a confirmation of it ; for D I S 372 D I S 07* (559).~F4te, fir, fill, f^t;— m^, mSt;— pine, pinj tlic first syllable in this word is not a pre- position, but a contraction of the Latin word diet ; and dinnal is evidently derived from diet malus. For want of this clue, Mr. Sheridan has given the t pure to dit- grace, ditguite, &c. Disability, dis-a-bil'^-t^. s. (454). Want of power to do any thing, weak- ness ; want of proper qualifications for any pur[K)se, legal impetliment. To Disable, diz-i'bl. v. a. (454). To deprive of natural force ; to deprive of use- fulness or efficacy ; to exclude as wanting proper qualifications. To Disabuse, dis-a-bize'. v. a. To set free from a mistake, to set right, to* un- deceive. DisAccoMMODATioN,dls-ac<6m-m6- di'shiin, s. The state of being unfit or unprepared. To Disaccustom, dis-ak-k^s'tiim. V. a. To destroy the source of habit by disuse or contrary practice. D IS ACQUAINTANCE, dis-ak-kw4n'- tibse. s. Disuse of familiarity. Disadvantage, dis-dd-van'tijc. s. (90). Loss, inUu7 to interest; diminu- tion of any thing desirable j a state not prepared for defence. DiS AD VANTAGE ABLE, dls-ad-vWtA- ja-bl.a. (405). Contrary to profit, pix)- ducing loss. DtsADVANTAGE0Us,dis-id-van-t4'jds. a. Contrary to interest, contrary to con- venlcncci DiS ADVANTAGEOUSLY, dlS-dd-V^H-tA' jila-l6. ad. In a manner contrary to interest or profit. DisADVANTAGEOusNESS, dis-ad-v4n- ti'jtis-n^s. s. Contrariety to profit, inconvenience. Dis ADVENTUROUS, dls-id-v^n'tshft- rCis. a. Unhappy, unprosperous. To DisAFFECT, dis-af-fgr^64l4>l- nes. 8. Unsuitableness, contrariety ; unpleasantness ; offensiveness. Disagreement, dis-4-grti'mtet. s. Difference, dissimilitude ; difference of opinion. To Disallow, dls-al-ld^i'. v. a. To deny autliority to any ; to consider as un- lawfiil ; to censui'e by some posterior act. To Disallow, dis-dl-lo^'. v-n. Tore- fuse permission, not to g^rant. • Disallow ABLE, dis-dl-l6{i'd-bl. a. Not aUo%vable. Disallowance, dls-al-l66'4nce. s. ProhibiticMi. To Drs anchor, diz-ankltAr. v. a. (454). To deprive a ship of iU anchor. To Disanimate, dlz-an'6-mite. v. a. (454). To deprive of life ; to discourage, to deject. DisANiMATioN, dU-an-e-m^'shiin. s. Privation of life. To Disannul, dis-^n-niai'. v. a. To annul, to deprive of authority, to vacatp. DisANNULMENT, dis4n-DWm&it. s. The act of making void. To Disappear, dis-ip-pire'. v.n. To be lost to view, to vanish out of sight ToDi8APPOiNT,dis-dp-p6bit'.v,a. To defeat of expectation, to balk. DisAPPOiNTMENXt-dis-ap-pilnt'mtet. 8. Defeat of hopes, miscarriage of expec- tations. DisAPPRafiATioN,dls-ap-prA-bA'shin. s. Censure, condemnation. To Disapprove, dls-ap-prddv'. v. a\ To dislike, to censure. To Disarm, diz-irm'. v. a. (454). To sp($l or divest of arms. To tois array, dis-ar-r4'. v. a. To un- dress any one. DisARRAY,4is-ar-rA'. s. Disorder,con. ftision ; undi'ess. Disaster, diz-ds'tdr. s. (454). The blast or stroke of an unfavourable planet ; misfortune, grief, mishap, miser)'. ToDisASTER, diz-4s'tAr. v. a. To blast by an unfavourable star ; to afflict, to mis- chief. Disastrous, dlz-is'triis. a. Unlucky, unhappy, calamitous j gloomy, threaten- ing misfbrtune. OIS S7SL D I ft Disastrously, dls-fts'trAs-l^. «d. In a dismal manner. DiSASTRousNEss, dlz4sVAs«end or lay out money. DiBBURSEMBBT, dlz-bArs'mint. s. A disbursing' or laying out. ^ DiflBURsER, dte-bar'sdr. s. One that disburses., ' DiscALCEATED, dls4til'sh'i44M. a. (357). Stripped of shoes. DiscALCEATioH, dis-fcAl-sh^-i'shiin. 8. (357). The set of pulling off the shoes. To Disc ANDY, dis-kdn'd*. v. n. To dis- solve, to melt. To Discard, db-kird'. v. a. To throw cot of the hand such cards as are useless ; to discharge or eject from service or em-. ploymeat DiBCABSATE, dls-kir'iiAte. a. (91). Stripped of ilesh. To DiacAaB, dis-kisc'. v. a* To strip, tQUDdre«; bill ;--41l ;--|)64nd j— /Ate, tiiu* To Discern, dlz-aim'. v. a. (351)." To descry, to see ; to judge, to have knowledge of; to distinguish ; to make, the difference between. To Discern, diz-z^m^v.n. Tomake distinction. niscKRNER,dlz.2^r'nAr. s. (98.) Dis- coverer, be that descries .judge, one that has tile power of distinguishing. Discernible, dlz-ziKn^-bl. a. DisCo^ verable, perceptible, distinguishable, tp-' parent. ^ DiBCERNiBLENEss, dlz-z^r^n^^rf-n^s. s. Visibleness. r)iscERNiBLY,dk-zdr'n6-bl*.ad. Per- ceptibly, apparently. ^ Discerning, diz-z^i-'nlng. part. a. Judicious, knowing. )iscKRNiNGLY, dlz-zfir'ning-I^. ad. Judiciously, rationally, acutely. Discernment, diz-z^ni'mtot. s. Judgment, power of distinguishing. To DiscERP, dis-s^rp. v. a. To tear m pieces. DiscERPTiBLE, dls-s^rp't^^l, a. Frangible, separable. DiscERPTiBiLiTY,dls-s$rp't6-bir^-tA. s. Liableness to be destroyed by disunioa of parts. DiscERPTiON, dls-sdrp'shiin. s. The act of pulling to pieces. To Discharge, dls-tah&rje'. v. a. To disburden ; to disembark ; to give vent to any thinr, to let Hy; to let off agun; to clear a debt by payment ; to set free from obhgatiOT ; to absolve j to perform, to ex. ecut« ; to put away, torobliterate ; to divest of any ofhcc or employment ; to dismiis, to release. To Discharge, dls-Uhftrje'.v.n. To dismiss itself, to breakup. Di8CHAROE,dls-t8hirje', s. Vent, ex- • pbsiOT, emission; matter vented; dismis- sion from an office ; release from an obli- gation or penalty; performance, ezecQ. Uon ; att acquittanee from a debt Discharger, dis'tshiLr'jdr. s. He that discharges in any manner j he that fires a gun. DisciNCT, dls^inkt'. a. Ungirded, loosely dressed. To DisciND, dls^lnd'. v. a. To divide, to cut in pieces. DisciPLE,dis.si'pl. s. (405). Ascholar. Di8CjPLKSHip,di8^i'pI-ehip. s. The state or function of a discti^e. Disciplinable, dia's^-plln-A-bL a. Cspshie of instruction. 2H BIS 3r4 D I S $?• (559).--F4te, ar, fUl, fit;— tni, mftt;— pine, pin; DiSCIPLlNABLENESS, dls's^-plin-d-bl- n^s. s. Capacity of instruction. DisciFLiKARiAN, dis-s^-plin-i'r6-in. a, Pertaining^ to discipline. Disciplinarian, dis-s6-plln-A'r^-4n. 8. One who rules or teaches with great atrictneas ; a follower of the Presbyterian sect, so called from their clamour about discipline. Disciplinary, dls's^-plln-l-r^. a. (512). Pertainine to discipline, , Discipline, dis's* plin. s, ( 150). Edu- cation, instruction ; rule of gjovemment, order ; miUtary regulation ; a state of sub- jection J chastisement* correction. To Discipline, dis's6-plin. v. a. To educate, to instruct i to keep in order ; to correct, to chastise ; to reform. To Disclaim, dis-klAmc'. v. a. To disown, to deny any knowledge of. DiscLAiMER,dis-kU'ra{ir. s. (98). One that disclaims, disowns, or renounces. To Disclose, dls-kloze'. v. a. To un- cover, to produce from a hidden state to open view ; to open ; to reveal, to tell. Disc loser, d!s'kl6'zftr. s. One that reveals or discovers. DiscL0s.uR£, dis bit. Discontinuity, dls-k6n-t6-niLi'&-t6. s. DisunHy of parts, want of cohesion. DiscoNy£Ni£NCE,di^-k6n-v^'n^«^nsc. s. Incongruity, disagreement. Discord, dis'k6rd. s. (492). Dis- a^eement, opposition, mutual anijiMisity ; I>I s S7S O I S difierence> or contrariety of qualities ; in musick, sounds not of themselves pleas- ing but necesaaiy to be mixed trith others. To Discord, dls-k6rd^ v. n. (492). To disagree, not to suit with. DucoBDANCE, dls-k&r^dinsc. > Discordancy, dis-k^'ddn-s^. 3 ^' Disagreement^ opposition, inconsistency. Discordant, dls-k6r^d&nt« a. Incon- sistent, at variance with itself; opposite, cc^itrarious. DiscoRDAMTLT, dfs-kdr'dint'*!^. ad. Inconsistently, in disagreement with it- self; in disagreement with another. To Discover, dls-kfiv'dr. v. a. To diacktse, to bnng to light; to make known ; to find out, to espy. I>iscovsRABLE, dls-ki&v^Ar-il*b]. a. That which may be found out ; i^parent, exposed to view. JOiscovERER, dis-kdv'flr-^. s. One that finds any thing not known before ; a scout, one who is pat to. descry the enemy. Discovert, dis-kAv'flr*^. s. {555). The act of findhig any thing hidden ; the act of revealing or disclosing any secret DiscouKT,d}s\6{int. a. (513) (492). The sum refunded in a bargain. To Discount, dis-k6{int'. v. a. To count back, to pay back again. To Discountenance, dis-»k66n't£- ndns. V. a. To discourage by cold treatment ; to afaaali ; to put to shame. Discountenance, dis-k6^'t£-niiis. s. Cold treatment, unfriendly regard. DiscouNTENANCER, di9*k6i!in't£-nin- siir. s. (98). One that discourages bx cold treatment. To Discourage, dis-kArldje. v. a. (314). To depress, to deprive of confi- dence; to deter,to fright from any attempt. DiscoL-RAGER,dis-kiir'ridje-ir. s. One that impresses diffidence and terror. Discouragement, dis-kiirVKlje m^nt. s. (90). The act of deterring, or depMssing hope j the cause of depres- sion, or fear. • Discourse. dis-k6rse'. s. (318). The act of the understanding, by which it passes from premises to consequences ; conversadoB, mutual intercourse of lan- gnage, talk ; treatise, a dissertation either written or uttered. To Discourse, dis-korsc'. v. n. To comtwse, to talk, to relate ; treat upon in u solenm or set manner ; to reason, to pass from premises to consequences. DiscouKSER,dis-k6r'84r. s. A speak- er, an haianguer ; a writer on any subject. ndry nAt ;-^Abe, tftb, bill ;.— &U ;^p6ftnd ;— Min, this. DiBcouRsivEjdis-kVslv. a. Passing by intermediate steps from premises to consequences ; containing dialoffue. in- terlocutory. ^ 6 » "» Discourteous, dis-kdr'tshiis. a. Un- civil, uncomplaisant. Discourteously, dls-kir'tshis-W. ad. Uncivilly, rudely. Discourtesy, dis-kdr't^-s^. s. In- civility, rudeness. D18COU8, dis'kAs. a. Broad, flat, wide. Discredit, dis-krid'it, s. Ignominy, reproach, disgrace ; want of trust To Discredit, dls-kr^d'it. v. a. To deprive of credibility ; to disgrace,to shame. Discreet, dis-k^*^t^ a. Prudent, cautious, sober? modest, not forward. Discreetly, dis-kr^M^. ad. Pru- dently, cautiously^ Discreetness, dls-kri^'n^B. s. The quality of being discreet. Discrepance, dls'kr^-pdnsc. 0. Dif- ference, contrariety. Discrepant, dis'kr^-pftnt, a. Differ- ent, disagreeing. Disc RETE, dis-krdte'. a. Distinct, not continuous ; disjunctive. ■■S3' This word and its companion Con^reteone wouldhave supposed should have the same accentuation in all our Pronouncing Dic- tionaries, and yet scarcely any two words are more differently accented. The accent IS placed on the last syllable ofQtncrtte by Dr. Ash, Buchanan,"PeiTy, Entick, and Bailey; and on the first hy Sheridan, Dr. Johnson,Smith, W. Johnston,and Dr. Ken- nck. Scott accents the last syllable of this word when an adjective, and the first when a substantive, a distinction very agreeable to analogy (494); but Entick, directly con- trary to this analogy, reverses this order. BucretrM always used as an adjective, but has scarcely less diversity of accentuation than Co7icrete, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Kenrick Mr. Narcs, Mr. Scott, Perr>-, and Entick, accent it on the last syllable ; and Dr. Ash, Mr. Sheridan, and Bailey, on the first! When 1 wrote the Rhyming Dictionary I accented both those words on the first syl- lable; but this accentuation I imagine ai-ose from contrasting them, which often places the accent on the opjiosing parts ' as m h/ tenia I and ex'ternal: but upon m atu r- cr considerutit)!! I apprehend tiic accent ouglit to be placed on the first syllable of Concrete when a substantive, and on tlie laat ot both words when adjectives. Discretion, dis-kresh'An. s. (507). Prudence, knowledge to govern or direct ope's self; liberty of acting at pleasure, uncontrolled and unconditional power. D I S sr« D IS 47* (559).— Fate, ftr, fiU,-«lt ;-*»*, luAt;— ptoe, ph^— . DiscBBTioHARY, dis-kr^sh'An-4r-*. a. Left at large, unlimited, unrestrained. Di8CttKTivE,dis-kr6'tlv. a. The same as discrete. DiscRiMiNABLE, dls-krlm'6-na-bl. a. Distinguishable by outward marks or to- kens. To DiscRiMiKATR, dls-krlm'^-nite. V. a. To mark with notes of difference ; to select or scparttte from others. DxscRiMiNATBNESs, dis-krim'^-iiAte- n^s. 8. (91). Distinctness. Di8CRiMiNATioN,dis-krini-*-ni'shiin. 8. The state of being distinguished from other persons or things ; the act of distin- , guisiiing one from another, distinction ; the maiks of distinction. Disc rimi n ati vk, dis-krim'^-nl-tlv. a. (157). That which makes the mark of distinctiijiitcliaracteristicali tliat which observes distinction. DiBCHiMiifous, dis-krlm'^-nAs. a. Dangerous^ hazardous. J)i8CUBiTORY> dls-ki'b*-tAr-i. a. (512). Fitted to the postwre of leaning. DiscuMBENcy,dls-kdm'b6n-s^.8. The act of leaning at meat. To Di8cuMBER,dl8-kftm'bdr. v. a. To disengage from any troublesome weight or bulk. Discursive, dis-k^kr'slv. a. (158). Moving here and there, roving ; proceed- ing by reg^ular gradation from premises to consequences. DiscuRSiVELY, dls-kftr'slv-l^. ad. By due gradation of argument. DiscuRSORY, dls-kAr'sAr^^- a. Argu- mental.— For the o, see Domestick. Discus, dls'kfts. s. A quoit. To Discuss, dls-kAs'- v. a. To exa- ' mine ; to disperse any humour or swelling. Discusser, dis-kAs'sAr. s. (98). He tliat discusses. Discussion, dis-kfts'shCin. s. Disqui silion, examination. DiscussivE, dis-k&s'siv. a. (428). Having the power to discuss. DiscuTiENTjdis-k^'sh^nt. s. A medi- cine that has power to repel. To Disdain, diz-ddne'. v. a. To scorn, to consider as unworthy of one's charac- ter.—See Dl8. Disdain, diz-dAne'. s. Scorn, con- temptuous anger.. Disdainful, db-d4ne'fcd. a. Haugh- tily, scornful, indignant Disdainfully, aiz-dine'fU-l^. ad. With haughty scorn. Disdainfulness, diz«diiie'liU-litep 6. Haughty scorn. Disease, diz-^ze\ s. Distemper, ma-* lady» sicknets. To Disease, dk-6ze'. y. a. To af- flict with disease, to torment with sick- ness ; to pain, to make uneasy. DlS£AS£DNESS,diz-£'zM-fi^.8«(365). Sickness, malady. i;isEDGKD,diz-^jd'. a.(359). Blunt- ed, dulled. To Disembark, dis-dni'b&rk'. t. a. To carry to land. To Disembark, dls-^m-b&rk^ r. lu To land, to go on land. To Dis EM BITTER, dis-dm-bit'tdf. V. a. To sweeten, to free from bitterness. Disembodied, dis^m-b6dld. a. Di- vested oftheir bodies. To Disembogue, db-^m-bdgfue'. v. a. (337). To pour out at the mouth of a river. ToDisEMBOGUE,dls-^in-bAgue'. v.iu To gain a vent, to flow. Disembowelled, dls-tei-bod'^ld. part. a. Taken (i^m out the bowelB. To Disembroil, dis-^m-broU'. v. a. •To . disentangle, to firee from peiplezity. To Disenable, dls-^n-il)*. v. a. To deprive of power. To Disenchant, dla^n^tshint'. ▼• a. To iiree from the force of an enchantment. To Disencumber, dis-^n-kdm'b&r. V. a. To discharge from incumbrances, to disburden s to free from obstnicUoo of any kind. Di sencum BK ANCE,dl84ii-k(^in'br^inse . s. Frecidom from incumbrance. To Disengage, dis-en-gije'. v.a. To separate finom any thing ynih which it is in umon ; to disentangle, to clear from impct diments or difficulties ; to free from any thing that powerMly seizes the attentioD. To Disengage, dis-^D<^ije'. v. n. 'i o set one^s self free firom. U IS ENCAGED, dlS^^&jd'. Ditt. a. (359). Vacant, at leisure. DisENGAGKDNESs, dls-in-g4jd'nes. s. The quality of being disengaged, vacui- ty of attention.' DisENGAG£M£NT,dls.^n.gije'incfnt. s. Release from any enga|pemem or obligm- tion ; freedom of attention, vacancy. To Disentangle, dhn&n-tSng'gl. v. a. To set free from Hnpedimenta, to clear from perple;&ity or difficulty; to unfiild the parts of any thing interwoYCH i i* disengage^ to separate. 2>IS 379 D I S To OiseHTEARE, db<4h-t£i^. ▼. a. To unbury. To OisENTBEAL, dls-£n-rArfcwr. v. a. (406). To BCt free, to rettore to libertyi to rescue from aljKrery. TDDIsE1lTHR0M£^dls•^n-/Ar6ne^ T.a. To depose from sovercifpnty. To DisENTKANCE,dis-en-criiise'. v. a. To swsken fr^om « tMUice» or deep sleep. To DisESPOusE, dis-6-sp6(kze'. v. a. To separate after fiuth pliriited. DisESTEEM, dia-^-at^^m . s. Slight^ dislike. ToDisESTEEM,db-^-st^^m'. v.a. To BUght, to dislike. DisKSTiMATiov, d^48<^^-m&'8h^n. s, Disrespect, disesteem. Disfavour, dls-fSl'v^r. 8. Discounte* nance; a state of iing^rsciousness, or un- acceptsbleness ; want of beauty. To Disfavour, dis-fA'vAr. v. a. To mu^. To Disfigure, dia-flg'ure. v. a. To change any thing to a worse form, to de- Ibrm, to uuxk^. DisFjcuREXEHT, dls-flg^4re-n>tot. s. Dis£u:eYnent of beauty, chai^ of a bet- ter &nn to a worae. Disforest, dls-fAr'pfet v. a. To re- duce land ft-om the privileges of a forest to the state of common land. To DisFRAncHisE, dis-fr&n'tshlz. v. a. (140), To dei»ive of privileges or immu- nities. Disfranchisement, dls-fr&n^tshlz- mint. s. The act of depriving of privileges. To DisFURNisH, dls-fC^r^nish. v. a. To vnfrimisb, to strip. '^^VP|k^-7onStrip of ornament; to take guns from a fiutress. To DiscLORiFY, diz-glA'r^-f i. v. a. To deprive of giory, to treat with indignity. To Disgorge, dlz-gArje'. v. a. To discharge by the mouth; to poor out with riolence. DisoRAGE,diz-grdse^s.(425). Shame, ignoninr, dishonour ; state of dishonour ; atate of iieing out of favoor. To Disgrace, diz^rAse'. v. a. To bring a repsoach uponj to divlioaour ; to |i«it nBt of frnrour. bAII;~AU;— ^iknd;— i/Ain, this. Disgraceful, dlz-grAse7(kl. a. Shaineraiy ignomuiious. Discracefullt, dlz-gri^se^iU*^. ad. In disgtaoe, with indignity, ignoninioasly . Disgracefulnsss, dii-gr48e'£U«4i£i. s. Ignominy DisGRACERjdlz-gri'sAr. a«(98). One that exposes to shame. Di&gracious, dlz-gri'shAs. a. Un- kind, unfavourable. To Disguise, dlzg-yize'. v, a. (92) (160). To conceal bv an unusual dress ; to hide by a counterfeit appearance ; to disfigure, to change the form ; to deform by liquor. Disguise, dlzg-ylze^ 8. (160). A dress contrived to conceal the person that wears it ; a counterfeit show. DisGuisEMENT, dizg-yize^intot. a. Dress of concealment. DisGUisER,dizg-yi'zTVr. s.(160)« One that puts on a disguise » one that conceals another by a disguise, one that disfigures. ! }iscusT,dlz-east'. 8.(435). Aversioa of the palate from anything^} ill*huroour, t malevolence, offence conceived. To Disgust, dlz-gi'ist'. v. a. To raise ' aversion in the stomach, to distaste ; to ttrike with dislike, to offend ; to produce aversion. Dis(»usTFUL, dle-gAst'f&l. a. Nause- ous. Dish, dish. s. Abroad wide vessel, in ' which solid food is served up at the table ; a deep hollow vessel for liquid food ; the meat served in a dish, any particular kind of food. To Dish, dish. v. a. To sene in a dish. DiSH-cLouT, dish'kloLit. s. The cloth with which the maids nib their dishes. DiSH-wASHKR, dl8h'w6sh-fir. s. Tiie name of a bird. Dishabille, dis-l-b!!'. 8. Undress, loose dress. To Dis^ABiT, dis-hib'it. v. a. To * throw out of place. To Dishearten, dls-har'tn. v. a, (130). To" discourage, to deject, to ter- rify. DfSHERisoN, dis-h^r'^-m. s. (170). The act of debarring from inheritance. To Disherit, dis-h^r'it» v. a. To out off" from hereditary succession. To Dishevel, dlsh-sh^v'v^l. v. a. To spread the hair disorderiy. Dishokest, diz-Anlst. a. (99). Void of probity, void of faith ; disgraceful, ig- nominious. DI S 378 D I 9 07* (559).— F&te, far, fUl, filt ;— m^ m^t ;— i>ine, pin \ Dishonestly, dlz-6n'ist-l^. ad. With- out faith« without probity; unchastely. Dishonesty, diz-6n'nis^6. s. Want of probity, (adthlessness ; unckasttty. Dishonour, diz-6n'iiftr, s. Reproach, disgrace, ignominy; reproach uttered, censure. To Dishonour, dlz-6n'nftr. v. a* To disgrace, to brin^ shame upon, to blast with infamy ; to violate chastity ; to treat with indignity. DisHONouRABLi^, dlz-6n'n{kr-4-bl. a. Shameful, reproachful, ignominious. Dishonourer, diz-6n'nAr-(kr. b. One that treats another with indignity; a violator of chastity. To O I s HORN, dis-h^m'. v. a. To strip of horns. Dis HUMOUR, db-(l'mftr. s. Peevish- ness, ill humour. Dis IMPROVEMENT, dls-im-pr6dv'- ni^nt. s. Reduction of a better to a worse state. To Disincarcerate, dls-ln-kir's^- rate. v. a. To set at liberty. Disinclination, dis-in-kle-ni'shfih. s. Want of affection, slight dislike. To Disincline, dis-in-kline'. v, a. To produce dislike to, to make disaffected, to alienate affection from. DisiNGENuiTY, dis-in-j^-ni'6-t6. s.' Meanness of artifice, unfairness. DisiNGENuous,dis-in-j£n'u-As. a* Un- fair, meanly artftil, illiberal. Disingenuously, dis-in-j^n^^-As-l^. ad. In a disingenuous manner. Disingenuousness, dis-in-j^n'u-As- nes. s. Mean subtilty, low crafl. Disinherison, dls-in-h€r'^-zn. s. The act of cutting off from any heredita- ry succession ; the state of being cut off from any hereditaiy right. To Disinherit, dis-in-hdrlt. v. a. To cut off from any hereditary right. To Disinter, dis-in-t^r', v; a. T« unbury, to take out of the grave. Disinter EssED, diz-in'tlr-^s-sW. a. Without regard to private advantagpe, * impartial. Not^used. DiSINTERESSMENT, diz-ln'tdr-^9- ment. s. Disregard to private advan- tage ; disinterest, diainterestedness. Not used. Disinterest, dlz-in'tfir-^st. s. What is contrary to one's wish or prosperity ; indifference to profit. ^ Disinterested^ diz'-hi't^r-Ss-t6d. a. Superior to regard of private advantage^ not influenced by private profit ; without any concern in an affair. Disinterestedly, dlz-bi^t£r-^s-t^- 1^. ad. In a disinterested manner. Disinterestedness, dlz-hi't^r-^- t^-nfo. s. Contempt of private in- terest. To Disintricate, diz-hi'tr^-k&te. v. a. To disentjoigle. To Disinvite, dls-hi-vtte'. v. a. To retract an invitation. To Disjoin, diz-j6in'. v. a. To sepa- rate, to part from each other, to sunder. To Disjoint, diz-jdhit'. v. a. To put out of joint ; to break at Junctures, to se- parate at the part where there is a cement ; to carve a fowl ; to make incoherent. To Disjoint, dl2-j6int'. v.n. To fell in pieces ; to separate. Disjunct, dlz-jAngkt'. a, (40fi). Dis^ jointed, separate. Disjunction, diz-j(h)gk^8hdn. s. Dis- imion, separation, parting. Disjunctive, diz-jAngk'tlv. a. In- capable of union ; that which mazks se- paration or opposition. Disjunctively, diz-jAngk'tiv-1^. ad. Distinctly, separately. Di^K, disk. s. The face of the sun or planet as it appears to the eye ; a broad piece of iron thrown in the ancient sports, a quoit. Diskindness, disk-ybd'n^s. s.(160). Want of kindness, want of affection ; ill- turn, injury. Dislike, diz-like'. s. (435). Disin- clination, absence of affection, disgust, disagreement. To Dislike, diz-like^ v. a. To dis- appro\'c, to regard without affection. DisLiKEFUL, diz*like'f(d. a* Disaf- fected, malign. To DisLiKEN,diz-li'kn« v. a. To make unlike. . DlsLiKRNESS, dlz-Iike'n^s. s. Dissi- militude, unlikencsa. DiSLiKtR, diz-Ji'kiir. s. Adisapprov- cr, one that is not pleased. To DisLiMjs, diz-lim'. v. a. To tear limb from liinb. To DisLiMB, diz-Um'. v. a. (435). To unpaint. Not used. To Dislocate, dls'lA-kite. v. a. To put out of the proper place ; to put out of joint. Dislocation, dis-l6-k4'sfa(hi« s. The act of shiflJng the pkces of things ; th*- state of being displaced; a joint put out DI S 3/9 D I S .-41A, in6Te, n6r9 r[6t;— t&be, tAb, bdll;— All;-*p6{knd;--//dii, this. To Dislodge, dlz-l6dje^ v. a. Tore- more from a place ; to remove firom ui ha« bitition ; to drive an enemy from a sta- tkn ; to remove an army to other quarters. To DisLOBOE, di2-l6dje. v. n. To go away to another place. Disloyal; di2.l66'il. a. (435). Not true to allegiance^ faithless ; not true to the maiTiage-bed ; false in love, not constant. Disloyally, diz'loi'Al-l*. ad. Not faithfully, disobediently. Disloyalty, dlz-lWal-t^.s. Want of fidelity to the sovereign ; -want of fidelity in love. Dismal, dlz'm&l. a. (425). Sorrowful, uncomfortahle, unhappy. XDiBMALLY, diz'mil-li. ad. Horribly, sorrovrfttlly. £>isiiALNKSSyd|z'mil<4ids. s. Horrour, sorrow. To DisM AVTLE, dlz-niin'tl. v. a. To throw off a dress, to strip ; to loose ; to atrip a town of it^ outworks ; to break down any thing estemal. To DisMASK, dlz^m&sk^ v. a. To di- vest of a mask. To Dismay, dlz-mi'. v. a. (425). To terriiyy to discourage, to affright. Dismay, diz-md^ s. (435). Fall of cou- rage, terroi^lelt, desertion of mini. DtSMAYEDHESs^ diz-m&'^d-n^s. s. Dejection ofcourage, dispiritedness. To Dismember, diz-an£m1)Ar. v. a. To divide member fh>m raeyiber, to cut tnjpieces. To Dismiss, diz*mls'.v. a. (435). To send away ; to discard. Disobedient, dis-6-b^'d^-dnt. a. Not observant of lawful authority ToDisoBEY, dls-W)i'. v.a. To break commands or transgress prohibitions. DisoBLiGATioN, dis-6b-16-gi^shiln. s. Offence, cause of disgust. To Disoblige, dlsHi4)Hje'. > V. a. sending away; deprivation, obligation to leave any post or place. To Df smobtgaoe> diz-mdr^gije. v. a. To redeem aoto mortgage. To Dismount, dlz^m^^t'. v. a. To throw any one from on horseback; to throw a cannon fix>m its carriage. To Dismount, dlz-tn66nt'. v. n. To alight from a horse ; to descend from an elevation. To Diskaturalize, dlz-n&tsh'u-Wl- Ifase. V. a^ To alienate, to i^ake alien. DiSKATURED, dlz-uA'tsHdrd. a. (435) Unnatural, wanting natural tenderness. DisoBEBiEKCE, dls-6-b^'d^-^8e. s Violation of lawful comi]g;ands or raohibi - tioo, breadi of duty due to superiors ; in- ^disA-bW^jc'. (111). Tooffend,disgust,togiveo£&nce to. Disobliging, dis-6-bli'jmg. part. a. (111). Disgusting, unpleasing, offensive. Disobligingly, dis-6-bli'jing-l£. ad. In a disgusting or offensive manner, with- out attention to please. Disoblioinoness, dis-A-birjlng-nds. s. Offensiveness, readiness to disgust. DIsoRBED,dlz-^^bd^a (359). Thrown out of the jMvper orbit Disorder, dlz-dr'dAr. s. Irregularity, confusion ; tumult, disturbance ; neglect of rule ; sickness, distemper ; (Uscompo* sure of mind. To Disorder, dlz-^r'ddfr. t. a. To throw into confusion, to disturb, to ruffle ; to make sick. Disordered, dlz-6r'dArd. a. (359)* Irregular, vicious, loose, diseased. DisoRDERLY,diz-^rM6r-l^. a. ConfriS" ed, irregular, tumultuous; contraiy to law, vicious. Disorderly, dlz-Ar'dAr-lc. ad. Irrc- gfularly, confusedly ; witho«tt law, inordi- nately. DisoRDiNATE, dls-6r'd^.Q&te. a. (91). Not living by the rules of virtue. DisoRDiNATELY,dis«6r'd6'4iite-l^.ad« Inordinately, viciously. Dismission, diz^mish'ttn. s. Xct ofTo Disown, dlz-Ane'. v.a. To deny-. to renounce. To Disparage, d!s«p&rMdje. v. a. (90). To match unequally, to injure by union with something infenor in exceU lence ; to injure by comparison with some- thing of less value. Disparagement, dls-plrldje'indnt. s. Injurious union or comparison with something of inferior excellence. Disparager, dIs-p&r'ridje-Ar. s. One that disgraces. Disparity, dls-p4r'^-tA.s. (5 11). Ine- quality, difference in deg^e» either of rank or excellence 9 dissimilitude, unlike- ness. ToDispARK,dls-pirk'.v.a. Tothixmr open a park j to set at large without en- closure. To Dispart, dk-pirt'. v. a. To divide into two, to separate, to break. 9 1 i 3«0 PIS (tT* (559).— Fite, ar, fill, Ht^^mh, mft ;-<*ploei pin >.. DiSFAssioN, dis-pish'An. s. Freedom Displantation, db-plln-tA'shfln. u fh>in mental peiturb«tion. Dispassionate, dls-p&sh'i&n-ite. a. (91). Cool, c«lm, temperate. To Dispel, dls-p^r. v. a, Todinveby •catterin^, to dissipate. DisPEKSA&T, dls-p^'s£l-i^. s* The place where medicinea are dispensed. Dispensation, dls-p^n-s4'sh^n. s. Distribution, the act of dealing out any thin^ ; the dealing of God with his crea- tures, method of Providence ; an ezempt- tion from some law. Dispensator, dls-p^n-sA^t^. s. One employed in dealing out any thinjp, a dis- tributer. Dispensatory, dls-p^n'sd-t^-^. s. (512). A book in which the composition of medicines is described and directed, a pharmacopcda. To Dispense, dls-pSnse'. v. a. To deal out, to distribute < To dispense with, to excuse, to g^ant dispensation for. Dispense, dis-p^nse^ s« Dispensation, exemption. . Dispenser, dls-pSn'sdr. s. (98). One that dispenses, a distributer. To Dispeople, dis-p6'pL v. a. To de- populate, to empty of people. DispEOPLER, dis-p^'phir. s. A depo- pulator. To DispERGE, dis-pirdje'. v. a. To sprinkle. To Disperse, dis-p^rse'. v.a. To scat- ter, to drive to different parts ; to dtasipate. DispERSEDLT4l8-P^r'«^d-16.ad.(364). In a dispersed mamier. Dispersed NESS, dls-pir'sdd-n^s. . s. Thinness, scalteredness. Disperser, dls-p^r'siir. s. (98). A . scatterer, a spreader. Dispersion, dis-p^r'sh&n. s. The act of scattering or spreading ; the state of being scattered. ToDi8PiRiT,dl8-plr'lt.v.a.(109). To discourage, to depfeas, to damp ; to ex- haust the spirits. DlSPIRlTEDN£8S,4b-plr^t*tM*nte. s, Want of vigour. To Displace, dis-pl4se'. v. a. To put out of place ; to put out of any state^ con- dition, or dignity ; to disorder. DispLACENCY, dis-pl4's£n-8i. s. Inci- vility, disobligation ; any thing unpkeas- ing. To DisPLANT, dls-pl&nt'. v. a. To re- move a plant ; to drive a people from the place in vthkh they have fixed. The removal of a plant ; the ejection of a people. To Display, dls-pl4'. v. a. To q>read wide ; to exhibit to the si^ht or mind ; to set out ostentatiously to >iew. Display, dls-pl4'. s. An exhibitLcm of any thing to view. DispLEASANT,dls-pldz'iBt.a.Unpleas- ing, offensive. lo Displease, dlz-pWze'. v. a. To of- fend, to make angry ; to disgust, to raise aversion. DispLEASiNONESB, dis-pl^'zlng-n^ s. Offensi^eness, quality of offending. Displeasure, dls«pl£zh'{lre. s. Un- easiness, pain received ; offence, pain giv- en ; anger, indignation ; state of disgrace. To Displeasure, dls-pl^zb^ure. v. a. To displease, not to gpain favour. ToDisPLODE,dl8-pl6dc'. v;a. To dis- perse with a loud noise, to vent vrith vio- fence. Displosion, dls-pl6'zhi&n. s. The act of disploding, a sudden burst with noise. Disport, dls-p6rt'- s* Play^ sport, ]jas- time. To Disport, dis-p&rt'. v. a. To divert- To Disport, dis-pArt'. y. n. To pJay, to toy, to wanton. Disposal, dis-p6'z4i. s. The act of dis- posing or regulating any thinr, regula- tion, distribution ; the power of dirtribtt- tion, tlie right of bestowing. To Dispose, dis-poze'. v. a. To give, to place, to bestow ; to adapt, to form for any purpose ; to frame the mind : to regu- late, to adjust; To dispose of, to apply to any purpose, to transfer to any person, to gpve away, to seU ; to place in any condi- tion. Dispose, dis-ptee'. s. Power, manage- ment, disposal ; cast of mind, inclination. Disposer, dis-pA'zur. s. (98). Distri- butor, giver, bestower ; governor, regula- tor. PisposiTioN,dls-p6-zl9h'dn. s. Order» method, distribution ; natnralfitneas, qua- lity ; tendency to any act or state j temper of mind ; affection of kindness or ill-will s * predominant inclination. Dispositive, dls-p6z'6-tlv. a. Thai which implies disposal of any property. DisposiTivELY, dls-p6z'^-tiv-l4. ad« Distributively. To Dispossess, dis-p6z-z^'. v. iu To putoutof posses8ion,to deprive , to disseiar. DisrosuRE, dis-p6'zhui'e« s. Disposal, govermaent, management s state> posture. DIS 381 DIS --fi6, tuAve, ti6r, n&t; — t&bc, tftb, b&II'»— All; — ^p6(uid ;— /Ain, thm DisraAisftdls-^r&ze'. 8. Blame, cen 0WC- -To Disp&ArsBf d!ls*pr&ze^. v. a. To blarney to ceniure. DisPRAisKRydls-pri^zAr* s. (98). A censurer. DisPRAisiRLK, dls-pri'ai-bl. a. Un- worthy of comraendation. DrspRAfsiHGLY, dis-pr&'zlng-W. ad. With bUme. To DispRRAD, dls-sprfid'. v. a. To spread diiferent ways. DispRooT, dl3-pr66P. 8. Confutation, conviction of erroor or falsehood. Disproportion, dis-pro-pAr'shAn. s. Unstutsbleness in quantity of one thing to another, wint of symmetty. - To Disproportion, dis-pr6-p6r'shAn. V. a. To dismatcb, to join things unsuit- able. Disproportionable, dls-prA-pir'. shdn-i-bl. ad. Unsuitable in quantity* DisPROPORTiovARLEivEss, dis«pr&- p^r'ahib-i-bl-n^. s. Unsuitableness to something else. DisPRopoRTioNABLT, dis-ppA-pAr'- $h(hi4-bl^. ad. Unsuitably, not sym- metricaUy. DxspROPORTiovAL, dls-prA-pAf^shAn- il. a. Di^^pQrtionable, not symme- trical. DiSPROPORTlOXALLT, dls-ppA-pAf'- shi&n'4l4£. ad. Unsuitably with re- spect to quantity or value. Disproportionate, dls-pri-pAr'- Bhi^^te. a. (91). Unsymmetrical* unsuitable to sometlung else. D 18 proportionately, dis-pfA-pAr'- shdn-4terl6. ad. Unsuitably, unsym- netrically. DiSPROPORTlONATENESS, dls-ppA- p6r'sh5iv-ite-nift8. s. Unsuitableness ^ iii biilk. or vahie. To Disprove, dls-prAAve^ v. a. To confute ai^ asveftioDy to convict Qf errour or fiUsehood. jPiSPRoy^R,dis-pr6A'vAr. s. (98). One that conRites. DisPUiriSHABLE, dlB-pAnl8h4-bL a. Without penal restrunl. T>isptJTABL£, dis'pA-ti-bl, or dls-p4'- tMH. a. Liabk to contest, controvert iil>le i lawful to be contested. Apr Dc. Jbfansony Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick^ *^Wr. Johnston, Mr. Smith, Perry, and Bai^ ley« or* &r the second pronimctstiion of this word ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Kares.* Buchanan, and Entick, for the first ; and this, notwithstanding tfte niajortty of suf« frages against i1, is, in my opinion, de- cidedly most agreeable to the best ussge. It were undoubtedly to be wished that words of this form preserved the accent of the verb to which they correspond ; but this correspondence we find entirely set aside in iamtntabief eomfktrah/e, admiral bit, and many others with which Dit/m* table must certainly class. Mr. Scott gi vea both modes of accenting this word ; but by his placing the word with the accent on the first syllable first, we may presume he prefers this pronunciation.— See Iv- SISPUTASLE. DispuTAHT, dis'pb-tftnt. s. (503). Con- trovertist, an arguer, a reasoner. Disputant, dis'p^i-tint. a* Disputing, engaged in controversy. Disputation, dls-p(i-ti'sh6n. s. The skill of contnn-ersy, argumentation ; con- troversy, argumental contest. * Disputatious, dis-piii-t&'ihAs. a. In* dined to dispute, canlling. DispuTATiYE, dls-p^'tA-tlv^ a. (512), Disposed to debate. To Dispute, d1s-pAte^ v. n. To con- tend by atguiQfnt ; to debate, to contro* vert To Dispute, dls-p&te\v.a.Tocomend fort to opptme, to question; to discuss. Dispute, dls-p&te\ s. Contest, contro- versy. DispuTSLEss, dls-p&te'Us* a. Undis* puted, uncontrovef^le, DispuTER, dlsTpi^tAr. 8. A controvert tist, op^ given to argument Di0^uALincATtoii,dis-kw&l-^-fi&*ki'- ab^. s. That which disquafifies. To DisqUALiPY, dis-kw6l^^-fl. v. a. To make unfit, to disable by some natu- ral or legal impediment ; to deprive of a sight to claim by some positive restriction. Disquiet, dls-kwi'^t. s. Uneasiness, nestlessness ; vexation, anxiety. To DisquiET, dis-kwi'fit. v. a. To dis- turb, to make uneasy, to v«x, to fi%t DisquiETER, dls-kwi^^^i^r« s, A dis- turber, a harasser. DisQUiBTLY, dis-kwi'^-1^. ad. With- out r^st, anxiously. Disquiet NESS, dis-kwl'^t-li^. s. Un* easiness, restlessness, anxiety. Disquietuoe, dis-kwi'i-t6dc. s. Un- easiness, anxiety. Disquisition, 41fr-kwA4lfih'An» s.'Esc- amination, disputative inquiry, «I PM 3?l. ^l^ irr {559).-F4jc, ftr, f4ji, ftt;-ip^ a*t J^Pte^ Hb^fcr Dt$ii|&GARp,dls<-r$-g4rd'«s. Sli|^hti^o<- ''tice, neglect •lig^ht, tq CQ^teqin. P,isaEGARD?UL, ' dls^ri^g&ixl'fbl. a. NegUgeai, contemptuous. DisRKaARDFULLX) t t^t^ ; ^ y^\ * taste ot PisREPUTAic^0N,dls-rJp.i.t4'ahj9Ri&s?£ci:, dit^*t^-sp6H^ s. tnpiyiili* '^ty, want of revejrence, rud^nes^i. PlmRigispj^cTFUL, dterr^-sp^t'fiil. a. X^^verent^ ^^.ci1i). DisaRSPECTvyLi«Y,dIa-r^^p,dkt'£U«l£, To Disrobe, dui-rob^'. v. a, (435). To l»4reas* to vnqi^er. PisRyPTiON, diz-rCip-sli6a. s. (435). The act of-breaking a^und^r^ bceacb» i*ent DiMAvisPACTlON, disr9at-iar£fc|k'fthAn. 9. The state of being dissatisfied, discon- tent r ' PlS6ATI3VA€TDBJI^avU^^.^r^rfi^'- td]>^nte. a. kiafaility to give content. Pi3SATi9P ACTOR Y,dis-5&t4s*fik'tikr^6. a. Unable to give content To DisaATisFT, dis-s&t^ia«fl. v, a. To diacohtent, to displea^. Tq Dissect, dls-s^kt-. v. a* (4^. To ' jcut in pieees • to divide and ej^amine mi- Pi^SECTiAK) diM^^'sbto' 9* Th^ act of-sqiaratiqg tl^e pai^ of animal bodlies, anatoniy. PiBSEisiKt 6S»^'%\u> s» Aa unlawfiil disposnesaing a xnan of his lapd To Disseize, dls«ai&ae^ v- a. To dia* possess, to depnve. DiS3Eizo.it, disTS^'z&r. a. (166). He thatcBspQaseases iraotber. To PissEMBLB, dis-s^m'hl. v^ a. To liide' ond^^ (Use a^Karance, to pr^nd that not to be which resMy is » ^ pretend U^ to b^ ^bith. ia npt To DissEif ULE, dlj'psiip/l)!, T. a. To piayUie hji»p^te. . ' : ^ Dissembler, dls-sdm1>lt^r. a* Aahy* P9tttion. ■„_ ,.,.,,. . •. . i . :-K-* Dissembliugly, di9-;5*mTd; With dissimulation, hypocritically; Tp DijjSEM^y.AT^, dis-s5n>'*!ji4t^. v.^. To (scatter as seed, to 8]^read ^very ^ay. I^IS^MIN AT^OK^diSj-si'm-^-P^'s^Jg. ft. The act of scattering like seed. ^^^^EMUf^TOB,, du-sem'fi-rii^tflp. 8, .(521). He that scattew, a st>r^eadc^. D^ssEj^T ipN, dU-sen-shtfn. ^. D'^gre^r meiit, strife, contention, l>reAch of union. DpsEKxioys, dis;«^n's^d9. ^. EUbpj;)^ ed to discord, contentious! To DissiiNT, dis-s^nit'. y. n, Tq (CsfiT gree in opinion ; to differ, to be of j^ con- trary mature. " Dissent, dis-s^nt'. s. Disagreement, difference of opinion, dcpW^tiqn, of ^i*- €bi;ence of opinion.' ■''>'■ Dissentaneous, di$-96n-t&'n^-d8. a. disagreeable, inconsistent, contraiy. P^85|ENTERx dis-^^n'tOr. s. (98;. Oi>^ t that disagrees, or decfary^s his disagree •! I nieht (rota an opinion ; one who, for .what- ever reasons, revises the caBununioB of ; th^ ^ngli&M e^mvh. Dissentient, dls^sjox'sk^t. a* Qe- ' daring d^sent. Dissert ATioi^;, dlM^r-Ji'slrihx. s^ A. discourse. 1^0 Disserve, dlsr*^'» v, a. Xq do injury to» to hanp . Disservice, dls-sirvls. s. ^n]u^, miichi^. pisaEH^vicEAB,LE, dl^-^^r'vls-i^bl. a* 1 Injurious, mischievous. Dia^^ERV ICEABLl^I^E^.S, dls-^r'^ls-lr bl-ue^. ^. lj[\ii^ry, kaHn^ hyrt ToDissETxi-E, dlsrS^t'U- v^\. (405). To U|i8ettle. To Dissever., dls-s^y'ip. v. a. To cut in two, to break,'to divide, tp disunite:. Disbxdenc% dls's^-d^BQ^. ar bw;Qr4^ disa^conent Dissiliencb, dls-sU'yinse. ». (113), The.act of staitting asunder. DiBsiLiBNT, di6*sil (88). oib dtei tii UJssf^tJLXTXcJy, dh^lftl-6-ld'6h*i. k. btSidtuttHf ss, ^dls'si-tote-hes. *1'&ciictordissembHn5,fcTK>tri»y. " DissiPABLEi dis's*-pl-bl. ft. Easily fo*l^sTiPATE,i(ts's4-pite. ,v,a. (n). To «»ftter eirpiy where, to dispewc ; to scatter the aiteptioii ; to spend a fortune. Dfissi^AtioN, dls-s^-p4'shAn. s^. The act of iispertion j the state of bemg di»- pbraed ; scattered attehlion. Tb Dissociate, dls^'sh*-4te. V. a. Tb sfeparate, to disiiltite, to pkrt. l3is^otvABLE,ak-i&l'v443l. i. Capa- 1>le of dissolution. -^ • i Diss:iiT,dlz-z&rvfot. a. Having the power of dissolving or melting, DissoLvfc^T,dlz-z6l'vent,8. Thepow er of disumting the parts of any ti^iig. liissoLVKB,diz-z6l'v4r. 5. Thatwhich JAs the power af dissolving. DissoLviBLE, diz-z61'v^-bl. a. Liable US perish by dissblutJpn. OC? U this word and iU etymon, must be written DiMsohible and SolvihU, and not ha compounds in Latin are of tlie third corijugttdcm, Olid fofm their personal and iempo^A variationji by assuming i, there is no reason why^w/vaW^shouldbe vrtritten with a as it sunds in Jehnson, who,JK)t- ■^-ithstaadiBg^ he writes Biwdnablt hert with an i, yet in bis exi^anation of the eivmoloey of IndUfbodbU^ ieUs us it is formed Som la, and J}u9olwthit with an a, DissoLVTK, dis's64^. a. Loose, <. wanton* debfuiched* ■ Dissolutely, d'is'sA-Wfte-1^ ad. Loosely, in debauchery. («oo9eiiess,huuty of manners, debauchery* ufssoLUTioM, dls^6-l&'ahfln. a. The act of liquefying by heat or moisture ; thi^ sta^eofbeingliquefied; destroctionofai^ thing by the separation of its parts j death, the resoltition of the bod/ into its constitd- em elements; destruction; (he actofbreak- , ing up an assembly ; looseness of manners. iDissoNANCK, dU's^^Q&nfee* s. A mix* ture of harsh, UnharmonioUs sounds. Dissonant, dis's^-nfint. a. Harsh) tlnhirmonioQS ; incon^ous, disagreeing. To Dissuade, dis-swide'. v. a. (331V To divert by reason or hnpoitanity ftom any thing. DissuADEft, dls-swA'dir. s. (98). ite that dissuades. Dissuasion, dls-swA'chikn. ». (451). Urgency of reason oir importunity against any thing. Dissuasive, dls-sw4'8lv. a. (428). De- hortatory, tending to persuade against. Dissuasive, dls-sw4'slv. s. Argu- mentto turn the mindofffrom any purpofe. Dissyllable^ dis'sil-li-U. a. A word of two syllables. Distaff, disW. s. The staff frcan which the flax is drawn i^ gunning • it ia used as an emblem of the female sex.^ To DisTAiN, dU-t4ne'. v. a. To stain, to tinge ; to l^lot^to suUy with infamy. Distance, dls'tSnse. s. Distance is space considered between any two beingsj renioteness in place ; the space kept be- tween two antagonists in fencing ; a spactt thorked on tlie course where horses run ; space of time ; remoteness in time ; re- spect, distant behaviout; retraction <^ kmdness, reserve. ^ Td Distance, dis'tinse. v. a. To plac^ remotely, to throw off from the view i toleave behind at a race the len^ of a Instance. Distant, dis'tftnt. a. Reftioteinplace; remote in time cithet past or ftitufe j re- served ; not obvious. Di*T ASTK, dls-tiste'. 8. Disgust ; dis* like ; alienation of affection, To Distaste, dis-t4ate*. v. a* To fill the mouth with naiiseoasness ; to dislike, to loathe } to offend, to^disgust. Distasteful, dia-tAste'ftd. a. Nau- seous to the palate, disgttttirig; offensive, unpteasing. Distemper, dla-t^m'p^.s. Adiseaac, a mahuly ; bkd constitution of mind, d^ravity of iiielkiatioiti: uAeasittess. To Distemper, dia-tem'p4r. ▼. a. Te & I Sr aM. Dig ST (559).~F&te, f&r, M, f&t;--.m^ m^^^u^kie, pin;— diaiease ; to disorder ; to disturb ; to de- stroy temper or moderation. DisTKMPORATE, dis-t^iA'pAr-'^te. a. (91). Immoderate. Di s T E M p E R A Tu R E,dls-t^m'p6r-il-tAre. 8. Intemperateness, excess 6f heat or cold ; perturbation of the mind. To Distend, dis-t^nd'. v, a. To streteE out in breadth. Distent, dli-lent'. s. The space through which any thing is ^read. Distention, dis-t^n'shCiii. a. The act of stretching in breadth $ breadth ; space occupied. Distich, dis'tik. s. (353)« A couplet, a couple of lines. To Distil, dis-til'. v. n. To drop, to fall by drops ; to flow gently and silently : to use a still. To Distil, dls-tir. v. a. To let fell In drops ; to draw by distillation. Distillation, dis-til-li'shfin. s. The act of dropping, or falling in drops ; tlie act of pouring out in drops ; that which falls in drops ; the act of distilling by fii'e ; t)ie 'Substance drswihby the still. Distillatory, dis4ll']&-t6r*^. a. (512). Belonging to distillation. Distiller, dls-ulliir. «. One who practises tlie trade of distilling ; one who makes pernicious inflammatory spirits. Distiluekt, dls-tirm^nt. s. That which is di-awn by distillation. Distinct, dis-tingkt'. a. (408), Dif- . i^rent i apart ; clear, unconfused ; mai*ked out, specified. DisTiJ5CTioN,dls-tlngk'sli(in. s. Note of difference ; honourable note of supe- riority i that by which one diflers from anoUier; divisions into difTerent parts; notation of difference between things seemingly the same. Distinctive, dis-tin^k'tlv. a* That which makes distinction or difference ] ha\ing the power to distinguish. Distinctively, dis-tingk'tiv-16. ad. In right order, not confusedly. Distinctly, dls-tingkt'l^. ad. Kct confusedly ; plainly, clearly. Distinctness, dis'^'ingkl'n ^8. 8. N ice mark ; to discern critically, to Judge ; tm^ constitute difference, to specificate ; tm make known or eminent. To Distinguish, dls-ting'gwlsh. v. n. To make distinction, to find or show tlie difference. DistimguishablX, dls-tlng'gwlsh-a- bl. a. Capable of being distinguisli- ed ; worthy of note, worthy of regard. Distinguished, dis-ting'gwlsht. (359). part. a. Eminent, extraordinary. DisTiNcuisHER, dis-4ing'gwish*Jir. s. A jwUcious obsci^er, one that accurately discerns one thing from another ; he that separates one thing from another by pro> per marks of diversity. Distinguishing LY, dls-tlng'gwlsh- Ing-I^. ad. With distinction. DiSTlNCUISHMENT, - dib-tUlg^gwlsh^ m^nt. s. DistinctioDy observation <^ difference. To Distort, dls-t^Srt'. v. a. To wrKhe, to twist, to deform by irrejpilar motions ;. to put out of the true direction or potture ; to wrest from tlie true meaning. Distortion, dls-tdr'sh^. 8. Irregular motion, by which the face is writhed, or the parts disordered. To Distract, dls-trikt'. v. a. Part. pass. Distracted, anciently Distraaght. To pull different ways atonce; to separate, to divide ; to perplex ; to make mad. Distractedly, dis-tr&k't^-16. ad. , Madlj-, fi-antickly. DlSTRACTEDNESSydlMdUl't^dHI^S. 6. The state of being distracted, madness. Distraction, dls-trdk'sh^n. 8. Con- fusion, state in which tlie attention ia called diflerent ways ; perturbation of mind ; frantickness, loss of the wits i tumult, difieience of sentiments. To Distrain, dis-tr&ne^ v* a. To seize. To Distrain, dls-tr^e'. t. n. To make seizxire. Distrainer, dls-tr&'n^r. 8.(98). He that seizes. DibTRAiNT, dls'tr4nt^ 8. Stistire. Distraught, dis4r&vv t'. part. a. Dis- tiacted. LitUe used. observation of the diiierence between ; Distress, dih-tr68'. 8. The act of things i such separation of things as makes tliem easy to be observed. To Distinguish, dlB-ting'gwlsh. v. a. (340). To note the diversity oftbinga; to making a legal seizure s a compulsion, by which a man is assured to ap|.car in court or to pay a debt ; the thing seized by law ; calamity, misery, misfortune, separate from others by some markof ho* To Distress, di&-ir£s'. \* a. To prc- nuur ; to divide by proper notes of diver* ' secute by law to a seizure ; to hai Ma, t« sity i to kAOW onQ from another by anyl make misenJ^le. DI* 405 DI V .i^i4iAr mAve, nir, n&t>-44bc, tftb, bttl ;— &B ;— pA^d ;— /Mn, thh. PxsTBKssFUL^ dlMrte'iiU. a. Full of trouble, full of miwerj. To Distribute^ dls'trlb'i&le. v. a. To dinde «iii5on|^t more than two,to deal out DisTRiBUTiow,dl»-tr*-b6-sh(kn.8. The act of difltributing or dealing out to others ; act of giving in charity. DisTBiBUTivB, dls-trlb'6-tlv. a. As- signing to each other their proper portions. DisTRiBUTivKLY, dis-trib'^-tlv-li. ad. By dsitribtition ; singly^ particularly. District, dis'trikt. b. The circuit within which a man may be^ompelled to appearance ; circuit of authority, province! region, country, territory. ToDis'iRUST,dis-tr(kst'. v. . a. To re- gard with diffidence, not to trust DisTRusT,dis*trdnse. s. Inter- TuptioD of tranquillity; confusion, disor- der i tumult. DisTURBER^d1s-tAr1i)ar. 8. A violator of peace, he tHU causes tumults ; he that causes perturbation of mind. To DisTURU, dls'tArn'. v. a. To turn oir. Kot used. DtsvALUATioK, dlz-viN&-&'shdn. s. Disgrace, diminution of reputation. To Dis VALUE, diz-vil'u. v. a. To un- dervalue. Disunion, di&'JiW-^ii. s. Separation, disjunction ; breach of concord. lO*' Seme curious inspector may, perhaps, wonder way I have given diwiion, diguse^ &c. the pure t and not the 2, since I liave laid it dovrn as a general rule under the pre- \ po.sitive particle Du^ Uiat the * immedi- ately before the accent, when a vowel be- gins the next s} Uable, Is alwa)s Hat ; but it uKikSt be remembered, that long u in these words is not a pure vowel (8) : not that I Hunk the s, in this case, would be palpa- Uv wraotfl^ •, for, though long u maybe call- ed a seniiconsonant, it is sufficiently vocal to make the #, or «, souihI, in theiie words, perfecdy adifiietenv — See D is. To Disunite, dla-ft-nltc'. v. a. Tor separate, to divide ; to part friends. To Disunite, dls-{l-nite'. v. n. To &I1 asunder, to become separate. DistJNiTT, dls-i£l'n£-t6. 8. A state of actual separation. DisusAGE, dis-^'zAje. s. (90). The gradual cessation of use or custom. DisusE,dls*use'. 8.(437). Cessation of use, want of practice ; cessation of custom. To Disuse, dis-iize'. v. a. To cease to make use of; to disaccustom. To DisvoucH, diz-v66tsh'. v. a. To destroy the credit of, to contradict. Ditch, dltsh. s. A trench cut in the ground usually between fields ; any long narrow receptable of water; U^e moat with which a town is surrounded. To Ditch, dltsh. v. a. To make a ditch. Ditcher, dltsh'^. s. One who digs ditches. DlTH7BAMBICR,dlM-^-rdm1>lk. 8. A song in honour of Bacchus ; any poem written with wildness. Dittany, dh^td-n^. s. An herb. DiTTiED, ditYid. a. (382). Sungi adapted to musick. Ditty, dlt't^. s. A poem to be sung^ a song. Div AN,d^-v^', s.(124). The council of the Oriental Princes; any council assembled. To Divaricate, dl-vir'i-kAte. v. m (125). To be parted into two. Divarication, di-v4r-^-ki'sh{b. a. Partition into two ; division of opinions. To Dive, dive. v.n. To sink volunta- rily under water j to go deep into any question, or science. Diver, di'v Ar. s. One that sinks vo- Itmtarily under water ; one that goes un- der water to search for any thing ; be tliat ^ enters deep into knowledge or study. To Diverge, d^i-verje'. v. n. (124). To tend various ways from one point. DivLKGKNT, d^-v6r'jent. a. (124). Tending to various parts from one point. Divers, di'v^rz. a. Several, sundry,. more than one. Diverse, di'virse. a. DifTe rent from anotlier ; different from itself, multiform ; in ditierent du'ections. Diversification, di-vir-s^-U-ki' sh^n. s. The uct of ch^ngin^ forms or qualities ; variation, \ kriegaiion ; va- riety of forms, multiftiraity; change, aUcratioh. DIV 616 Jitt inake ffiltei-eht frortl afmth^r, te distin- guish ; to ma^ dtflereAt BfcM iHtW, tb vuriegate. distributer, he who d^ids oiit to eiih Bis share ; a liUln&'itEfr ; a paticnlflr kind of compasses. I>ivERSK>N,cl^-vftr'shdn.d;(134). Thtf Dividual, dd-vid'i4l, or d*.vid'ji&H4l. actoftuminganythingofffroinitscotirie;' a. (293) (3r6). DiTided, ^ibredj or th* caMsfe by \rlilch any tiling is turned frotii partjcipftted ih cmfimon ^hh tfth6rft. itspropercoiirseort^n^ncy;spOrt,80ine- DiViNATioK, dh'-t-nA'shftn. s. (530), thing that unbends the mind ; in war, th4 Pr^idlction or fbreiel)h1|^ of fimii* thittgs. ' act or purpose of' drawing the enemy off, Dxvine, d^'-rlne". a. (124). Pflrtaljn^ frqTti some desigri, bv tlireatening or at- tiCking a distant part. 'DivERsiTy,d$-ver'sd-tS.s. UifFeronccf dissiifiilitudfe, variety. DivERsRLt, di^•e^s-]e. ad. tn different idiray^, vsirtotislv. Tb DiVEi^T, d^-v<5rt^ v. a. (124). To ■ turn of?i>oih s^y directiori or course ; to draw forces to a diffierent part ; to with- draw the fhind ; to please, to cshilaratc. Diver TER, d^-v^r'tAr.s. s. Any thing ' thkt VE*tl5iMENT. DivERTis»>iKiyT, d^-tdr'th-ment. .s. DivfettJcA, defight. DrrEifrivE,dft-v^t*'tiv. a. Kecfeative, amusive. To DtvEsr, d^-v^6t' ^. a. (124). To strii^, to rtiakfe ridced: IhvESTUR£,di-v6s'tsliure«8» Theact of putting off. . IhviDABLE,d*-vl'di-bI. a. That may be separated. . . DiviDANT, d^-vi'dSnt. a. Different, separate. Not used. To Divide, d^-vide'. v. a. (124). To part one whole intodifferent pieces ; 10 se- parate ; to disunite by discord 5 to deal out, to give in shares. To Divide, u£-vide'. v.n. To part, to sunder, to break friendship. DiviDKTf D^ div'^-dend. s. A share, the part allotted in division ; di\'idend is the number given to be parted dt divided. DiviBEB, d^-vi'diir. s. (,98). That of the iiatitrc of God ; prob^kling frcto God, not niiural, n(A human ; esceUeflit lA. a stlpreme -degree ; presagMtil. Divine, d^-vinc'. s. A miiuster of the gospel, a priest, aclcrgyifuui ; il man skilled ixrdirviriity, K tlieotogim. To Diviw«, divine', v. a^ Tor forc- . tel, to forekriow. To Divine, d*-vinc'. v. h. To mtcr prognostication ; to feel presaf«8 ; to cob- jecuire, to guess. ... Divinely, d^-vine1^. ad. By the ajpency or influence of God ; exoeUently, in the supreme de^e ; in a manner not- ing a deity. DiviNENEsSjd^-viiie'n^. s. Divinity, participation of the divine nature ; excel- lence in the supreme degree. Diviner, di-viWr. s. (98). 6nc that professes divination, or tlie art of reveal- ing occult tilings by supernatural means ; conjfccturer, gtifeSser. Drviii«REss, di-vtee'ris. s. A pro- phetess, 4 tfrviNiTY, d^-v1n'64fc. 8. (illl> Par. ticipa\ioh of the nature and excellence of God, deity, godhead; the Deity, the Sitpfeme Bemg; celestial being; the science of divine things, theolc^. Divisible, d^-viz'^^1. a. (124). Ca- pable of being divided into pai ts, aepara** Divisibility, d^-vlz-d-b11'^-tA.8, The quality of trdmitting diviuoii. DivisiBLEKESs,i- on, difference j parts into which a discourse isdistiributed ; space between tltc noleb of niusick, just time ; in ai »thmetick, the se- panitiun or parting of any number or quantity given, into ajiy parts assigned. Divisor, dd-vi'ztir. s. {\^^X' '^^ number givcn^ bgr which the dividend H divided. J»^^ w pot paralum, disuiuon ; the sentence by vd^cb TftDfya^ti^, qirvAj^r. y»a. To ^pa- fbrce asun^cr^ t9 ue^^ie by ▼)Qlen9^. vorce, separation of mapriage. ^ or cause which produces divorce qt Re- paration. Diuretic K/dl-fr-pftt'ik. a. Havi?;\^the pawer if}^ ^V3ffik.e oriQCL DiURNAWdi-^al. ^. (116). Relat- m|f V> 4^ 4*y 5 constituting the day ; jjcr* fctinea in a'day, dajty. DivRNAi., di-diPnlLl. s. A journal, a dagr-book. DiusNABLT, dWr'niU-^. ad. Dailf, every day. I^uTt^RiiriT%di- to be witlire^fard fo sickness or Health, as, Ho«F do you do ? To do is used for any rerb to aaae the repetition of the word j as, I shaU come ; bat if I do JUt, gamtvay ; tliat tsi '^ K eovnti oat Do ifi a> word of Y;eh^m^i«t eoimfnand. gr e«rii«i|; r^qiie^ ; u$. Help me, do4 TAflka ki^te, do. ! 9ociBLK,d4R'^bI.a. (4^). Ttai;tabk;, d«KnV&, e;ux to b^ tnughL a2>lcneas, docility. DociJLE^ dAsVil. a. (140). TeachaM<:j camlymstnvi^fl, tractable. Cj* Mr. Sberi^anr Mr. Na^s, ^^^. Scott, ^ )-^ ;»^-p6M a-^*^i>. THIS. I^c. sj^, wd Mf. P-^try, wnkf tii« fl^t syUohJU: Qt t^a wp^ sbPI^ «nd Buchvian only mAkfii^ it Ipngr.^See 1 1^ do oil. Poc xn-^ Y, d6-8U'i^wt6. a. Aptx^e^ji tftbc taught, rcadin«4|s tQ kfm. Oqck, d^tL. a. A^ heiliu QocK, d&|(> 9« The atump of the tul, whitii remain* i^ftar docking. QacK) d^« a. A place vhere iniler is let hn or ou% at pkosure, where sfaipi ase buUl or laid up. ToDocK, d4k. v.a. To-cut oflf atail^ to cul a»y tiling short ; to cut olTa rcck«> oiung » *<>- ^ ^ ^'^'F "^ ^ dock. Docket, dok'it. 8. (99). A direetbi) tittd upoti goods, a Mgnmasy of » larger writing. DocToja, d&k't4r* a. .(166). Om thai kM ^^ tktc )vgh«at degroft m the fkaoU ties of divinity, law, er pkypick i m soioe u^ivers^itie^thiiy have dp^o^ of ^lusickt a physician, one who undertakes, t|)e ci^re ToDocTpK,d6k'tCir. T.a. Tc^pjbywk, to cure. DocTQR^t) d6Vtc>-ral. a. Relating Iq the degree of a doctor . DocTORALLT, dok't^riW.. a4» Bi mW^^K *>f a docU)r. Doc TOB SHIP, d^k'tuF'-shlp. s. Tlic r^l^ of docto^. DocTUiNAL, dvli'tn(;-n4l. a. Contain- ing;''dKytrine ; pertaijiinQ to the act ^ mearis of teaching DocT^iNALLY, (^'tve-nui-^. a^. 1*1 the form of doctrine, positively. DocTiUNi5> dfik'triij. a, {140> TTi^ principles or positions of auy s^ct or mas- ter; the act of teaching. Document, d^k^u-m^nt. s. Precept^ kistruction, di;^ctio|i. Dodder, d6d'dfirv a. (98). A plant , which winds itself about other plants, and dra-^s the chief pi^rt of its nourisl^- ment from them. Dodecagon, d^£k'a-gun. s. A figure of twelve sidc0. ro DoDCK, dodje. v. n. To use craft; to shift place as another approaches ; to pW h»l andkibse, to raise expectations and disappoint them. DoixM Ai(9 dM*m&n. a* (a^). Tine name of a fish. Doe', d4 s* A abe doinxy the f(»iiAle of a buck. Doer, d66'i\r. a. (296). One that doea any thing good or bad. Does, dOz. (296). Th^ third person D O'G i«7 B elL ST (559).— F4te, ftr, fill, ftt ;--nii, itiW ;-«pbe, pin j— from Do, fanuliarly used for Doth, which is now ^rown solemn and alinost obsolete. To Doff, d6f. v. a. To strip, to put away, to jyet rid of; to delay, to refer to another time. Obsolete. Dog, d^g;. s. A domestick animal re- markably various in his species ; a con- stellation called SiriuB, or Canicula, rising and setting* with the snn during tlve dog- days ; a reproachful name for a man. To boo, d^g. V. a. To follow any one, ' watching him with an insidious design. Doo-TEKTH, dog't^^M.s, fhe teeth in the hiunan head next to the grinders, the eye teeth. Dog-trick, dftg'trlk. s. An ill turn, surly or brutal treatment. DoGBA.NE,d6gl)4ne. 8. Anherb* Dog-briar, d6g'bri-ir. s. The briar that bears the hip. DoGCHEAP, dog'tsh^^p. s. Cheap as dog's meat. Dog -OATS, d6g'd4ze. s. The days in which the dog-star rises and sets with the sckn. Doge, dije. »• The title of the" chief magistrate of Venice and Genoa. Dogfish, d^'fish. s. A shark. DooFLY, d6g'flb s. A voracious biting fly. * Dogged, ddgVW. a. (366). Sullen, sour, morose, iU-humotired, gloomy. Doggedly, d6g'gW-l6. ad. Sullenly, gloomily. Doggedmess, cl6g'g^d-n^s. s. Gloom of mind, sullenness. Dogger, dog'gAr. s. (98). A small ship with one mast DaOGRREL,d6g'gr61. s. Mean, worth- less verses. DoGGiSKf ddg'glsh. a. Currish, brutal. DoGHEARTfcD, d6g'h&r-t^d. a. Cruel, pitiless, malicious. DoGHOLE, d6g'h6le. s. A vile hole. DoGKEMNEL, d6g'k^n-ndl. s. >A little hut or house for dog^. DoGLous£,d6g'l6{ise. s. An insect that harbours on dogs. Dogma, d6g'ma. s. Established prin- ciple, settled notion. Dogmatical, d6g-miC'6-kiL 7 DoGMATicK,d6g.ra4t'lk. (509). J Authoritative, magisterial, positive. Dogmatically, d6g.m4t'i-k4l-*. ad. Magisterially, posiUvely. Dogmatic ALNEss,d6g-mit'i-kftl«n^s. 8. MagisterialMis, mock aothori^. a. Dogmatist, d6g'mi-tlst. s. A ma|^s« terial teacher, a bold advancer of princi- ples. . To Dogmatize, d6g'mi-tize. v. n. To asseit positively ; to teach ma^sterially. Dogmatizer, d&g'm&-ti-zur. s. An asserter, a magisterial teacher. DoGRosE, d6g'r6ze. s. The flower of the hip. DoGSLEEP, d6g^sl^£p. s. Pretended sleep. DoGSMEAT,dAgz^m^te. s. Refuse, vile stuff. DoGSTAR, d6g'st&r. s, Thestarwhich gives liame to tlie dog-days. DoGSTooTH, d6gz't6d/A. s. Aplant. Dogtrot, d6g'tr6t. «. A gentle trot like that of a dog. Dogwsart, d6g-w6'r^. a, Tire^ as a dog. Dogwood, dt^yriid, s.^ See Corns* liaot-Cberry. Doilt, d^^'i^.-s. A species of >voollen staff. Doings, ddd'Sngz. s. Things^ done* events, transactions ; feats, actions good or b^ ; stir, bustle, tumult. Doit, d6U. s. A smjiJl piece of moqej. Dol£, d^Ie. s. The act of distribatin^ or dealing; any thing dealt out or diatri- b>ited; provisions or money digLributed . in charity ; Krief, sorrow, mSery.' To Dole, dSUe. v. a. To deal, todhtri- bute. Dolefvl, d6le'{iSl. a. Sdirowfbl, ex- pressing grief; melancholy, afflicted, feel- ing grief Dolefully, dole'f&l-l£. ad. In a dote* fal manner. DoLE?t'LyEss,d6le'fSlHi<&s. s« Sorrow, m^anchoiy ; dismalneas, DoLESoME, d^e'sAm. a. Melancholy, gloomy^ dismal DoLEsoMELY, dile'sAsi-l^ ibd. In a dolesome manner. DoLESoMENEss, d&le'si^^i}^. s. Glotfny» aelancholy. DoLK, ddlw 8. A tittle gkV^ puppet. Xj'This word ought to be vrritten with one / only: for the reasons^^ee Principles, 406^ Dollar, doH^r. s. (418). A Dutch and Germin cohi of dinerentvahie, from . about two shillings and six-pence to four and si^^^nce sterling. UoLORiFicK, dM-o-nrik* a. (530), That which, causes grief or pai9. Dolorous, d6r6-rd8. -a. (503). Sorrow- ful^ doleful, disnui ; painiul. DOM S89 DON mdve, fi6r, n&t;— t&be, tAb, btil ;— ^ ;— pMnd ;-^A]si, this. BotouB, dAliir. s. (314^. Grief, sor- row; laxnenUtion, complaint (^ Mr. Hares, W. Johnstoii, Buchanan, £1- phtneton, an4 Entick, make the lint o in this word short, aa in Dollar ; and Mr. She- ridan, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and Dr. Aah, lottf^, as in Damor : the Utter is, in my opi- man, the most analog^ical (542). DoL.PBiN9d6rfin. s. A fish. Dolt, d6lt. s. A heavy stupid fellow. Doltish, d<^sh. a. Stupid, bloddsh. Domain, d&-In&ne^ s. Dominion, em* • pirc ; possession, estate. DoMK, d6me. s. A building, a house, a fabrick; a hemispherical arch, a cupola. tCJ* There is astrongpropenslty, particularly in the people of London, to pronounce this word so as tothjme wi^ roofn/ but thiajs contrary to all our Dictionaries which give' the sound of the Towels, and ouf^ht not to be su/iered to add to the already too nume- rous exceptions to the general soimd of o. DoMESTiCAS^d^-m^s^t^-kil. > boMESTicK, d6-m^'tik. > Belonging to the house, not relating to things pubUck; private, not open f inh&it- ing the house, not wild ; not foreign^ intes- tine. (Xij* Dr. Johason observes, that of Enrlish, ai c€M living tongues^ thefe is a double pro- Bonciation, oqe cmrsory and colloquial, the G||ier regular and solemn. He ^ives no in- stances^ of this doubli prcmunciation ; and it is at first a little difficult to conceive whft are the words in which thiaolb^rvation is verified. Solemn speaking seems to have no efiecrt a|rin the aceented voxels ; for, let us. pronounce them as rapidly op as so- lemnfy as we will, we cirtainlydo nt»t malseany changye in the quantity or quali- ty- of t'hem- Tlir oaly part of the language in whieit Dr. Johason^s observation A^ejgis true, is some of the vowels when unaccent- ed ,• and of these the o-scems to undergo the grettest change in consequence of so- lemnity or rapidity. Thus the o m obey is, ill solemmspeakiDgf pronqiuioed as long and full as m the iust syllable of open; bttt in rapid and curvotr speaking, as short as tiie 0 in Mm. This latter sound, however, must not be given at a model ; fi>r, let the pVDnunciation be ever so rapid anA fanAi- ar, there is a eertaiA elegance in giving the «, in this situaiion. Its fuJl^ open sound^ ap- proaching to tnal which it has when under the accent ; and though nothing but a deli- cacy «f ear will direct us to the degree of openness with which we must pronounce the unaccented o in DomttticM, Docility^ Potential^ Pneetdj Monaitick, Monotony y &c. we mt^ be asswed that these vowels are exactly under tlVe same predicament ? and can never be pronounced short and shut, as if written DommrMtici, Dottility, PMen- tial. Sic. without hurting the ears of every good speaker, and overturning the first principles of pronunciation (547) (548). The same observations seem to hold good of the unaccented o m every word ending in nry: 9A trantUcryy dilatory, &c. The « in rapid speaking certainly goes into short y, as if written traH4/tury, diltttury, &c. ; bgjt in solemn pronunciation spproaclv&s to the accented open sound of o in Florid «ior^, &c. j hut as the e in these terminations ne- ▼er admits of being pronounced miite so open as when ending a syllable belbre the accent, I have, like Mr. Sheridan, given it the colloquial sound of short u (512). — See Command. To DoMESTiCATB, d6*in^^t^-k&te. V. a. To make domestick, to withdraw from the publick. Dominant, d6m^&-nint. a. Predomi- nant, presiding, aacendant. To Dominate, d6m'^-ndte. v. a. To predominate, to J)revail over the rest. Domination, dom-^-D4'shdn.s« Pow* er, dominion; t3nranny, insolent authority; one highljr exalted m power, used of an» gelickoemgfs. Dominatob, d6m^£-nA-t&r. s. (521). The presiding power. To Domineer, d6m-^-ni^r'.v.]i. To rule with insolence, to act without control. Dominical, d^-mW^-kil. a* That which not^s the Lard's day, or Sunday. Dominion, d^-mtn^iftn. s. (113). So- vereign authority ; nght of possession or use, without being accountable ; territo- 17 ; region, district ; predominance, ascen- dant ; an order of ipigeis. Don, d6n« s. The Spanish title for a gentleman. To Don, d&n. v. a* To put on. Little used. DoNART,d&'n&'-r^. s. A thhig given to sacred uses. Donation, dA-ni'shiin. s. The act of giving any thing; the grant by which any thing is given. Donative, d6n'4-tlv. s. (503). A gift, a largess, a present ; in law, a benefice merdy given and collated by the patron to a man, without institution or inductioiL OC/' i have differed from Mr. Sheridan, Mr. \ Scott, W. Johnston, and Entick, in the >^ quantity of the vowel in the first syllable » of tliis word, not only as I think it contrary to tlie best usage, but as it is at variance with the analog)' of words in this termina- 2K pon 390 D OU $7* (559)-l-Fite, ftr, M, ftt;— in*^ mit;— pine, plnj— ^011. LctnotthelongaiiantityoftheLatiiij basket or h$f, one of yrhich hangi o in Donatio be pleadea in favour of my op- ' ponentfl ; for rwavinff the utter uncertainty of ai-guing" from the Latin quantity to ours) this would prove that tlie a and e in the nrst syllable of Sattative and Lenitive ought to be long likewise. Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, aod Mr. Perry, are on my side. Done, din, part. pass, of the verb Do* Done, dAn. interject. ,The word by which a wager is concluded; when a wager is offered, he that accepts says it is Done. Donor, d6'n6r. s. A giver, a bestower. Doodle, d66'dl. s. (405). Atrifler,an idler. A low word. To Doom. d66m. v. a. To condemn to any punishment) to sentence ; to coinmaod judicially or authoritatively, to destine, to command by uncontrollable authority. po DM, d66m, h, Judiciul sentence, judg- ment; condemnation} determination de- clared ; the state to which one is destined ; ruin, destruction. Doomsday, ddcimz'da. s. The day of final and universal judgment ; the last, the great day j the day of sentence or con- demiiutjon. DooMSDAY-BooK, d66mz'di-bd6k. s. A book made by order of William the Conqueror, in which the estates of the kingdom were registered. Door, dore. s. (310). The gate of a house, that which opens to yield entrance ; enU'once, portal ; passage, avenue, means of approach ; Out of doors, no more to be fouiKl, fairly sent away ; At the door of any one, imputable, chargeable upon him ; Nest door to, approaching- to, near to. Doorcase, d6re'k^se. s. The ^sme in which the door is inclosed. DooRKBEPER,d6re^d^p-ilr.8. Porter, one that keeps the entrance of a house. DoQUET,d5k'it.«.(99)(4l5). Apaper containing- a warrant Doric K, d6r^ik. ad. Relating to the Dorick architecture. Dormant, ddr'mant. a. Sleeping; in a sleeping posture ; concealed, |iotdiivul|^ed Dormitory, ddr'm^-tdr-^, s. A place to sleep in, a room with many bedsf a bu- rial-place. Dormouse, d6r'm6ftse. s. A small animal iyhich passes a large pait of the -winter in sleep. poRx, dAm. s. The name of a fish Dorr, d6r. s. A kind of flying insect, the hpdge -chafer. DoRSEL, dor'sil. > . ^ s. A panmer, a Do^sER) d^r'sCir. either aide a beast of burden. Dorsiferous, d6r-sif f^t-r&a. > DoRsi PAROUS, d6r-slp'pi-rft8. 5 Having-the property ofbearing or bring-in j^ forth on the back i uaed of ]dant8 that have the seeds on the back of their kavea, as fern (518). Dose, d6se. s. So much of any medi- cine as is taken at one time ; as much of any thing as falls to a man's lot; the ut- most quantity of strong liquor that a man can swallow. To Dose, dAse. v. a. To proportion a medicine properly to the patient or disease. Dossil, dos'sil. s. A pledget, anodule or lump of lint. Dost, dtist. The second person of Do. Dot, d6t. a. A small point or spot made to mark anyplace in a writing. To Dot, d6t. v. a. I o make dotsor spots. Dotage, dA'tidje. s. (90). Loss of understanding, imbeciliff (rfmindj ex- cessive fi>ndness. Dotal, d6't4l. a. (88), Relating to the portion of a woman, constituting her por- tion. DoTARD,d6't&rd.s. (88). Amauwfaose age has impaired his intelleMs. To Dote, d6te. v. n. To have the in- tellects impaired by age or passion ; to be in love to extremity ; to dote upon,4lo re- gard with excesrfi-e fondness. DoTjSR, do'tfir. s. (98). One whose un- derstanding is impaired by years, a - tard } a man fondly, weakj^, and exces- sively in love. Doth, dA/A^ The third person of Do, DoTiNGLY, doVmg-l^. ad. F(«MUy. Dottard, d6t't4r4. s. (88). A tree kep^ low by cutting-. Dotterel, dot'tSr il. s. (99). The name of a bird. Double, dftb^l. a. (314) (405)* Two of a sort, one corresponding to tlie other ; twice as much, containing the same quan- tity repeated ; twofold^ of two kinds, two in number ; having twice the effect or in- fluence { deceitful, acting two parta.— See C0DI(E. Double-flea, dAb1)l-pl^« s. That in which tlie defendant alleges for himself two several matters, whereof either is sufficient to effect his desire in debarring' the plaintiff*. Double-biting, dib-bl-bi'tlng. a. Bit- ing or cutting on either side. Double-buttoned, di!ib-b]-bdt'tn*d. a. (170) (359). Having two rows of buttons. D OV $9i DOW I>ouBLE-DBALSB9 dAb-bl-d^1itkr. 8. A deceitM* sabUe, insidious feUow, one vlko says one diing and thinks another. PaaBi.KoDKAi.1vO9 dAb-bl-d^^llng. 8 Artifice^ diiwii»il>linn, bv or wicked To DotJBLE-Djy^ dto-bl-dl', V. a. To die twiee onrer. D0UB1.B-BSADBD9 ddb4>l*h£d'dd. a Having the flowers growing one to ano- ther. To Doi7BL£-LocK9 ddb4>146k^ ▼. a. To shoot the lock twice. DouBL£-teiVD£D, ddb-bl-mlbd^£d. a. Deceits, iasidkias. DovBLK-TONGUED, dAb4>lHtAng'd. a. (359). Deoeit&l, giving contrary accounts of tlie same thing. To Double, d6b1»l. v. a. To enlarge anyquantity by addition of the same quan- tity' ; to contain twice the quantity ; to add one to another in the same order or paral- lel; to ibid ; to pass round a headland. To Double, dAbl^l. ▼. n. To increase to twice the quantity ; to enlarge the stake to twice the sum in play ; to wind in run-^ Double, dAblil. s. Twice the quanti- ty or nuinber; strong beer of twice the common strengtJk ; a stick, a shift, an ar- D0UBLEHB6S, diiblil^ds. s. The state of being double. ^ DouBLER, di&b^U!^r» s. He that dou- bles any thing. DouBLET,dftb1>l-dt. 8. (99). The inner garment of a man, the wustcoat ; tw«v a "pair. DouBLOlI,d^bU66n^ s. FrencA, A Spanish coin containing the value of two piato]e5.«-$ee Engoab. DovBLT, d^l)l-^. ad. In twice the quantity, to twice the degwe. To Doubt, dAiit. v. a. (313). Toqties- ikm, to be in uncertainty; to fear ; to sus- pect;tohesitatB. To DotTBT, d66t. V. n. To hold quea* tionable, to tiunk uncertain » to fear, to suspect, to distrust. Doubt, d66t. s. Uiicertainty of mind, suspense ; question, pointunsettled ; sent- pie, perplexity ; suspicion, apprehension of Dl^ dlificuUv objected. I>ouBTE]i, d6a^ti&r. s« (98). One who entertains scruples. Doubtful, ddvit'f&l. a. Dubious; am- biguous ; qnestionable, uncertain ; not «e cijs^ ; not confident. b&n ;-^U ;-*-p6i!ind i-^Ain, this. Doubtfully, dAiit'fAl-^. ad. Dubious* ly, irresolutely ; ambiguously, with uneer- tainty of meaning. Doubtfulness, d6{it'fAl«n£8. 8. Do* biousness ; ambiguity. DouBTiNOLY, a6{^t^ng-l^. ad. In n doubting manner, dubiouily. Doubtless, d6{it'lds. a. Without fear^ without apprehension of danger. Doubtless, d^^tlds. ad. Without doubt, unquestionably. Dove, ddv. 1. (165). Awildingeon; a pigeon. Dovecot, di&v^&t. a. A small building in which pigeons are bred and kept DovEHousB, dAv'h648e. s. A house to pigeons. Dovetail, dAv^tile.s. A form of join-' In? two bo^es together, where that which is inserted has the fbrm of a we^jio reversed. Dough, (16. s. (318). The paste of bread or pies yet unbaked. Doughty d6A't^. a. (313). Brave, il- lustrious, eminent Now used only ironi- cally. Doughy, d6'^. a. Unsound, soft, un» hardened ToDousE, d6{ise. y. a. (313). To put over head suddenly in the water. To Dqusb, d6fise. v.n. To fall sudden- ly into the water. Dow4GE&, dM'4-j6r. s. (923). A wi- dow with a jointure 1 the title given to 1»> dies who survive their husbanot. Dowdy, d6{i^d^. s. (223). An awk- ward, in-dressed, inelegant woman. DowEB, d6^'(kr. s. (223). > . -^^ Dowbry, dAti'Gr^. J "' "" which the wife bringeth to her husband^ in marriage ; that which the widow poi- sesses ; the gifts of a husband for a vnh 1 endowment, gift. Dowered, d6^i'ard. a. (35^). Portioo- ed, supplied with a portion. DowERL£S8,d6£L'icc, to range in battle, to draw up, to form in order of battle, to form in writ- ing. To Draw, dr^w. v. n. To perform the office of a beast of draught ; to act as a weight; to contract, to shrink; to ad vance, to move ; to unsheath a weapon ; to practise the art of delineation ; to take a card out of the pack, to take a lot ; to make a soi-e run by attraction ; to draw off, to retire, to retreat ; to draw on, to " advance, to approach. DRAWBACK) driw'bilk. s. Money g^ven back for ready pa\-ment Drawbridge, driw'bridje.s. Abridge made to be lifted up, to hinder or admit communication at pleasure. Drawer, di*&w'i!ir. s. One employed in prociuring water from the well; one whose business is to draw liquors from the cask ; that whicli has tlie power of attraction. Drawer, dr^w'ilr. s. A box in a case, out of which it is draw^n at pleasure s in s. The cart the plural, part of a man's dress worn mi« der the breeches. Drawing, driLw%g. s. Defineatioiiy representation. Drawing-room, drkw1ng-r6Am. 8. The room in which company assemble at court ; the company assembled there. Drawn, driven, part, from Draw. Equal, where each party takes his own sts^e ; with a sword unsheathed ; open, put aside or imclosed; eviscerated; in- duced as from some motive. Dr A w WELL,dr&wVdl. s. A deep well, a well out of which water it drawn by a long cord.— See DuircstLL. To Drawl, dr&wl. v. n. 1 o tttter any thing in a slow way. DRAY^drA. > Draycart, drAliart. 3 on which beer or goods are cMiied. Drat HORSE, dri^hdne. s. A horse which draws a dray. Drayman, dr&'m&n. s. (88). Oaethat attends a dray. « Drazel, drdz'zl. s. (102) (405). A low, mean, worthless wretch. Not used Dread, drdd. s* (234). Fear, terror; awe ; the person or thing feared. Dread, drM. a. Temble, fng^htlul ; awful; venerable in the highest degree. To Dread, drdd. y. a. To fear in an excessive degree. To Dread, drM. v. n. To be in fear. Dreader, dridfir, s. (98). One that lives in fear. Dreadful, drddTAl. a. TerriWc, frightful. Dreadfulkess, dr^d'fi!il-n^. s^ Ter- ribleness, frightfulness. Dreadfully, dr^'fiU*^. ad» Terri- bly, frightfully. Dre a dlessness, drM1^s-n^* s. Fear- lessness, intrepidity. DREADL£ss,dr^d'lds. a. Fearleis, im- aifrighted, intrepid. Dream, dr^me. s. (227). A phantasm of sleep, the thoughts of a sleeptni^ man ; an idle fancy. i To Dream, dr^roe. v. n. To have the representation of something in sleep ; to think, to imagine ; to think idly ; to be sluggish ; to idle. To Dream, dr^me. ▼. a. To see in a dream. Dreamer, dr^'niiftr. s. (ps). One who has dreams ; an idle fancmil man ; a mope, a man lost in wildima^nationi a slug- gard, an idler. DVH 395 D Rl DmKAMLBss, dr^mel^. a. Without dxttms, Dbear, cMre a. (227). Mournful, OaBARYfdr^r^.a. Sorrowful, distress- ftU; glooin}^, dismal, horrid. DasDGE, dr&ije. s. A kind of net* To DaEOGK, dr^dje. v. a. To gather ivith a dred^. DaBDG£B,drM'jAr. s. One who fishes with a dredge. Drbgoinbss, dr^g'gi-n^. s. Fulness of dregs or leea, feculence. D&BGOI8H, dr^g'gish. a. Foul with lees, feculent DaBOOT, dr^gi. a. (382). Contain ing dregs, coimiling of dregs, feculent. Drbosv dr^gz. 8. The sediment of liquors, the lees, the grounds ; any thing by which purity is conupted ; dross, •weepings, rellise. ToDREiK,drilne.T.n. (949). To emp- ty ; better written J>rain. To IlHBifCH, dr^nsh. v. a. To soak, to steep ; to saturate with drink or moisture ; to physick by violence. Dkbnch, di^nsh. s. A draught, swill ; physick for a brate ; physick that must be given by riolence. 2>aEjrcH£&,dr£n6h'dr.i. One that dips or steeps any thing ; one that gives phy sick by Ibrce. To Dress, dr^s. v. a. To clothe ; to adorn, to embellish; to cover a wound with medicaments ; to curry, to rub ; to prepare for any purpose ; to trim, to fit any tlung for ready use ; to prepare vic- tuala for the table. Dress, drds. Clothes, garment; the skill of adjusting dress. Drbssbr, dr^'si!^r. s. One employed in putting on the clothes of aAothcr ; one empioyea in regulating or adjusting any thing; the bench in a kitchen on which meat is drest. Dressing, dx-^s^sing. s. The applica- tion made to a sore. Dabssisg-room, drds'sing-rdiSm. s. The room in which clothes are put on. D&BST, dr^st. part, from Dress, pro« periy dretied. JC?* This is one of those words which, for the sake of rhyming to the eye, as it may be called, poets have contracted into an iiregular form; but how unnecessarily may be seen. Principles, No. 360. To Drib, drib. v. a. To crop, to cut ofi*. AcastwoRL bill;— AH;— p66nd; fAin, this. To Dribble, dribl)!. v.n. (405). To fall in drops ; to fall weakly and sWwly ; to slaver as a child or idid To Dribble, drib'bl. v, a. To throw down in drops. Driblet, drib'16t. s.— See CoDLE. A small sum, odd money in a sum. Drier, drr^r. s. That which has the quality of absorbing moisture. Drift, drift, s. torce impellent, im- pulse ; violence, course ; any thing driven at random ; any thing driven or borne along in a body ; a storm, a shower ; a heap or stratum of any matter thrown to- gether by the wind ; tendency, or aim of action ; scope of a discourse. To Drift, drift, v. a. To drive, to urge along ; to throw together on heaps. To Drill, drii. v. a. To pierce any thing with a drill ; to perforate, to bore, to pierce ; to make a hole ; to dela^, to put off; to teach recruits their exercise. Drill, drll. s. An instrument with which holes are bored ; an ape, a baboon. To Drink, drink, v. n. Pret. Drank, or Drunk ; Part. pass. Drunk, or Drunken. To svrallow liquors, to quench thirsty to be entertained with liquors ; to be an ha- bitual drunkard ; to drink to, to salute lu drinking. To Drinr, drink, v. a. To swallow, applied to liquids } to suck up, to absorb. Drink, drink, s. Liquor to be swal- lowed, opposed to meat; liquor of any particular kind. DRiNKMONETtdrlnk^mAn-^. s. Money given to buy liquor. Drinkable, drink^d-bl. a. What may be drunk. Drinker, drlnk^Ar. s. (98). One that drinks to excess, a drunkard. To Drip, drip. v.n. To fall in drops; to have drops falling from it. ToDrip, drip. v.a. To letfall in drops ; to drop fat in roasting. Drip, drip. s. That which £aills in drops. Dripping, drlp'ing. s. The fat which housewives gather from roast meat. Dripping-pan, drlp'ing-pdn, s. The pan in which the fat of roast meat is caught. To Drive, drive, v. a. Pret. Drove^ anciently Drave ; Part. pass. Driven, or Drove. To force along by impetuous prcs- sure ; to expel by force from any place j to force or urg-e m any direction ; to ^ide and regulate a carriage ; to make animals march alopg under g^iidance ; to clear any D RO ^96 O RO 37* (55&}.—- Fite, f&r, fUl, £it;— 4n£, mdt;— irfae, pkij place by farcing awav what is in it ; to force, to compel ; to canyon ; to drive out, to expel. To Drive, drive, v. n. To go as im- pelled by any external agent ; to rush with violence ; to pass in a carriage ; to tend to, to consider as die scope and idtimate de- sign ; to aim, to strike at with fury. To Drivel, driv'vl. v. n. (102). To slaver, to let the spittle fall in dro^s ; to be weak or foolish, to dote. Drivel, drlv'vl. s. Slaver, moisture shed from the mouth ; a fool, an idiot, a driveller- Driveller^ driv'vl*6r. s. A fool, an idiot Driven, driv'vn-. (103). Participle of Drive. Driver, dri'viir. s. The person or in- strument who gives any motion by vio- lence ; one who drives beasts ; one who drives a carriage. To Drizzle, driz'zl. v. a. (405). To shed in small slow drops. To Drizzle, drlz^zl. v. n. To fall in short slow drops. Drizzly, driz^zi-^. a. Shedding small rain. Droll, dr6le. s. (406). One whose bu- siness is to raisa mirth by petty tricks, a jester, a buffoon ; a farce, something ex- hibited to raise mirth. J3** When this word is used to signify a farce, it is pronounced so as to riiyme with doil, ioii, &c. If this wanted proof, we might quote SwifV, who was too scru- pulous to rhyme it with extol, if it had not been so pronounced. *• Some as justly fame extols, " For lofty lines in Smithfield drolls." Droll, drole. a,. Comic, farcical, mepry. To Droll, dr&le. v. n. To, jest, to play tlie buffoon. Drollery, dr&1Ar-6. s. Idle jokes; buffooneiy. Dromt'dary, dnim'6-d4-r^. s. A sort ofciijuel. tC7^ I have in the sound of the o in tliis word followed Mr. Nares rather than Mr. Sheridan, and I think with the best usage on my side (165). D R o K £, dr6nc. s. The bee which makes no honey ; a pipe of a bagpipe ; a slug- fard, an idler ; the hum, or instrument of iimming. To Droke, dr6ne. v. n. To live in idle- ness. Dronish, drA'nish. a. Idle, sluggish. To Droop, drd^p. v. n. To laQgmah with sorrow ; to faint, to grow weak. Drop, dropr s. A gld)ule of moisture, as much liquor as falls at once when there is not a contimnl stream ; diamond hang^g in the ear. Drop-serene, dr&p-s^-r^ne'. s. A dis- ease of the eye. To Drop, drop. v. a. To pour in drops or single globules ; to let fjdl ; to let go, to dismiss fi-om the hand, or the possession ; to utter slightly or casually ; to insert in- directly, or by way of digression ; to inter- mit, to cease ; to let go a dependant, or companion ; to suffer to vanish, to come to nothing ; to bedrop, to bespeckle, to va- riegate. To Drop, dr6p. v. n. To fall in drops or single globules ; to let drops fall ; to fall, to come from a higher place ; to fall spontaneously ; to iali in death, to die sud- denly ; to sink into silence, to vanish, to come to notliing ; to come imexpectedly. Dropping, dr6p'ping. s. That which falls in drops ; that which drops when the continuous stream ceases. Droplet, drop'lfit. s. A little drop. Dropston"^, dr6p'st6ne. s. Spar form- ed into the shape of drops. Drop WORT, drop'wArt. s. A plant. Dropsical, dr6p's^-kU. a. Diseased with a dropsy. DROpsiED,dr6p^sid. s. (282). Diseased witli a dropsy. Dropsy, dr6p's6. s, A collection of water in the body. ^ Dnossydros.s. The recrement or scum of metals ; rust, incrustation upon metal ; refrise, leavings, sweepings, feculence, corruption. Drossiness, dr6s^s£-nds. s. Foulness, feculence, rust. DRossv,'^dr6s'si. a. Full of dross; woithless, foul, feculent Drove, dr6ve. s. A body or number of cattle ; a number of sheep dri%*cn ; any collection of animals ; a crowd, a tumult. Drove, drive. Pret. of Drive. Droven, dri'vn. Part* a. from Drive. Not in use. Drover, dro'v^ir. s. One that fats oxen for sale, and drives them to market. Drought, dr6wel, the t does not precede the A, but follows it; as veigkf^iagktfJlyfJUghtf nOt nought, &c. Drougutikess, dro^'t^'U^s. a. The state of wanting rain. DjtQUGHTYydro^^t^. a. Wanting rain, sultry ; thirsty, dry with thirst To DaowN, dr6to. v. a* (323). To fBiilbcate in water ; to overwhcim in wa- ter ; to overflow, to bury in an inundation ; to iromerge. To Drown, dr6Cin. v. n. To be suffo- cated by water. To DaowsK, dr6^. v. a. (323). To make heavy with sleep. To Drowsr^ dr6(i2. v. n. To slumber, to grow heavy with sleep j to look heavy ; not cheerful Drowsily, dr6(i'z£-l^. ad. Sleepily, heavily ; sluggishly, slotbfiilly. Drowsiness, drod^z^-oes. s. Sleepi- nessi heaviness with sleep. Drowsihead, dr^'z^-h£d. s. Sleepi nesB, inclination to sleep. Drowht, drd^'x^. a. Sleepy 9 heavy with sleep, lethargick ; lulling, causing sleep ; stupid, dull To Drub, dr^ib. v. a. To thresh, to beat, to bang. Drue, drAb. s. A thump, a blow, To Drudge, drfidje. v. n. To labour in mean olBces, to toil without honour or dignity. Drudge, drddje. s. One employed in mean labour. Drudger, dWidje'&r. s; A mean la- bourer; the box out of which flour is thrown U> roast meat. { Drudgery, driidje'fir-^. s. Mean la- bour^ ignoble toil. Drudging-box, drAdje%g-b6ks. s. The box out of which flour is sprinkled upon roast meat -n t\ j 1 rr. , Drudgingly, dnldje'ing-1*. ad. La- ^™1' ^^*- ''• "• To grow dry, to lose Druid, drild. s. The priests and phi- iosophers of the ancient Britons. Drum, dr6m. s. An instrument of mi- litary musick, the tympanum of the ear.. ToDRUM,drCim. v.n. To beat a drum, to beat a tune on a drum j to beat with a pulsatory motion. To Drumble, drCim'bl. v.n. (405). To drone, to be sluggish. Obsolete. Drumfish, drim'fUh. s. The name ofaflsh. Drummajor, drdm-mi'ji^r. s. The chief drummer of a regiment Drummarer, drArn'mA-kiir. s. He who deals in drums. Drummer, drilm'mAr. s. He whose office is to beat the drum. Drumstick, driim'stik. s. The stick with which a drum is beaten. Drunk, dHlnk. s. Intoxicated with strong liquor, inebriated; drenched or saturated with moisture. Drunkard, drGnk'drd. s. (88). One given to excessive use of strong liquors. Drunken, drdnloi. a. (103). Intoxi- cated with liquor, *mebriated ; given to habitual ebriety; saturated with mois- ture ; done in a Statb of inebriation. Drunkenlt, drVinltn-W. ad. In a drunken manner. Drunkenness, dr^nlcn-nes. s. Intox- ication with strong liciuor; habitual ebrie- ty ; intoxication or i nebriation of any kind , a disorder of tJie faculties. Dry, drl. a. Arid, not wet, not moist ; without rain ; not succulent, not juicv ; without tears; thirsty, aUiiist; jejune, barren, unembcUished. To Dry, dri. v. a. To free from mois- ture ; to exhale moisture ; to wipe away moisture ; to scorch with thirst ; to drain", to exliaust. , boriouftly, toilsomely. I moisture. Drug, drag. s. An iagredientusedinp?^^^f> d" "/• ^- (^S)- That which physick, a medicinalsfmpl^i any Uung' .^^*« *'^^ ^l"^i**>; «f ^^^^^^»"^^ without vrurth or value, ^y thing for Dhyeyed, dri'ide. a. Without tears, which no purchaser can be found. | Without weeping. To Drug, drig. v. a. To season with Dryly, dn'le. ad. Without moisture, medicinal inrtfedigats; to tmcture with: coldly, without affection j jejunely, b«f. something offensive. r>'*^"^^' 1 i/ . Jmr DRUGGET,dHig'glt*s. (99). AcoarscjA^^YNEss, drrnes* s. Want of mois- kind of woollen cloth. ! ^"^^ « want of succulence ; want of embel- DRUGGiST,drekc'&ist. s. (382). Onei bfbment, want of pathos j want of sensi- who sella phy^al drugs. .; bd;ty m devotiom DRUo»TEa,drtg'8tArTs. One who sells X^J^tnurse, dn n^se. s- Awoman who physicsd simple^ IIm word is only used ^ ^^Sf "Z ^. f^ * chdd without the byCbcyuigir; %, bre»st;one who takes care of another. nve 598 DUB 07* (559).— Fite, ftr, ftll, fik;— «a4, m^t^^-pine, pinj To Dry NURSE, dri'niirsc. v. a. To feed without the breast. DrySuod, dri'sh6d. a. Without wet feet, without treading above the shoes in the water. Dual, du'il. a. Expressing the num- ber two. To Dub, ddb. v. a. To make a man a knight ; to confer any kind of dignity. Dub, ddb. s. A blow, a knock. Not in vke^ Dubious, dd'b^-ds. a. (542). Doubtful, not settled in an opinion ; uncertain, that of which the truth is not fully known ; not i^ain, not clear. Dubiously, duT^^-ds-l^. ad. Uncer- tainly, witliout any determination. DuBious»Ess,du'b6-ds-n^s. s. Uncer- tainty, doubtfulness. Du BIT ABLE, dii'b^-ta-bl. a. Doubtful, uncert^n. DuBiTATioN, di-b^-ti'shdn. s. The act of doubting, doubt. Due AL, du'kal. a. Pertaining to a duke. Due AT, ddk'it. s. (90). A coin struck by dukes : in silver valued at about Ibur shillings and sixpence, in gold at nine shillings and sixpence sterling. Duck, ddk. s. The water fowl, both wild and tame ; a word of endearment or fondness ; a declination of the head ; a stone thrown obliquely on the waters. To Duck, ddk. v. n. To dive under water as a duck ; to drop down the head as & duck ; to bow low, to cringe.* To Duck, ddk. v. s^ To put under wa- ter. DucKER, ddk'dr. s. (98). A diver, a cringer. DucKiNG-STooL, ddk'k!ng-std61. s. A chair in which scolds are tied, and put under water. Duck-legged, ddk'l^g'd. a. (359). Short legged. Duckling, ddk'ling.s. Ayoungduck. DucKMEAT, ddk'm^te. s. A common plant, growing in standing waters. DucKs-FooT,d^ksTdt. s. Black snake- root, or may-apple. Duckweed, ddk'wWe. s. Duckmeat. Duct, ddkt. s. Guidance, direction; a passage through which any thing is conducted. Ductile, ddk'tll. a. (140), Flexible, pliable; easy to be drawn out into a length ; tractable, obsequious, complying. DucTiLBNBss,ddk'til-n^s*s. Flexibi- lity» ductility. Ductility, dfik-til'*-t6. s. Quality of suffering extension* flexibili^ t obsequi- ousness, compUanoe. Dudgeon, ddd'jdn. s. (359). A small dagger ; malice, suUennesfl, ill>will. DuE,dd. a. Owed, that which one has a right to demand; proper, fit, appropri- ate ; exact, without deviation. Due, dd. ad. Exactly, directly, duly. Due, dd. s« That which belongs to one, that which may be justly claimed ; right, just title ; whatever custom or law re- quires to be done ; custom, tribute. DuELjddll.s. (99). A combat between two, a single fight To Duel, ddll. v. n. To%hta«ng1e combat. Dueller, dd'U-ldr. s. (99). A single combatant DuELLiirG,du'lMing.s. (410). The act of fighting f duel. Duellist, ddlJ-llst s. A single com- batant ; one who professes to live by rule;s of honour. Duello, dd-^l'lA. s. The due1,the rule of duelling. Duenna, dd-^n^nd. s. An old -woman kept to guard a younger. Dug, ddg. s. A pap, a nipplci a teat. Dug, ddg. Pret and part. pass, of Dig. Duke, ddke. s. (376). One of the high- est order of nobility in England. (Ij* There is a' slight deviation often heard in the pronunciation of this wordt as i( written DooJ^; but this borders on vulgari- ty; the true sound of the u must be carc- mlly preserved, as if written Dtvii. There is anotlier impropriety in pronouncing this word as if written yooJ^ ,- this is not so "Milgar as the former, and arises Irom an ignorance of the influence of accent— See • Principles, Na462. Dukedom, ddkeMdm. s. The posses- sion of a duke ; the title or quality of a duke. DuLBRAiKED, ddl'brund. a. Stupid, doltish, foolish. Dulcet, ddl's^t. a. (99). Sweet to the taste, luscious ; sweet to the ear, harmo- nious. DuLciFicATiON, ddI-s^-£&-kd'shdn. s. The act of sweetening, the act of freeing irom acidit>', saltness, or acrimony. To DuLcixy, ddl's^-fl. v. a. (183). To sweeten, to set free from acidity. Dulcimer, ddl's^-mdr. s. (98), A mu- sical instrument played by striking ibc brass wire with little sticks. D U V S9f DU ft *f oDuLcoBATKfdftl'k^ite. V. a.(9I). To vweeteoy to make leas acrimomoua. DuLcoRATioK, d^U-k^-ri'shi&li. s. The act of aweeteningf. DuLREAD, dJU'liM. s. A blockhead, a vrretcli foolish and stupid. Dtri.L,ddl. a. Stupid, doltish, block- Uh, imapfirehenstve ; blunt, obtuse ; sad, melancholy ; sluggish, heavy, slow of mo- tion j not bright ; drowsy, sleepy. ToDnLL,d&l.v.e. To stupify, to mfa- tuate ; to blunt ; to sadden, to make melan- choly ; to damp, to clog ; to make wea37 or akyw of motion ; to sully brightness. DuLLA&D, d^l'lard. s. A blockhead, a dolt, a stupid fellosr. J>ULi-Y, ddl'li. ad. S^pidly; slug- rishly; not Tigorously, not g^y, not brightly, not keenly. DuLNBss, ddKn^s. a. Stupidity, weak- ness of intellect, indocility ; drowsiness, inclination to sleep ; sluggishness of po- tion; dimness, want of lustre. Duly, diil'l^. ad. Properly, fitly; re- gulaiiy, exactly. Dumb, diim. a. (347). Mute, incapa- ble of speech ; deprived of speech ; mute, not using words ; silent, re fusing to speak. UuMBLY^ ddmld. ad. Mutely, silently. JDvuBMBSs^ d&m'n^. s. Incapacity to speak ; omission of speech, muteness ; refusal to speak, silence. To DuMFOuNiXjdAin'fodnd. v. a. To confuse, to strike dumb. Dump, d^^mp. s. Sorrow, melancholy, sadness. A low word, used generally in the plural ( as to be in the dumpM. DuMPisu, d&mplsh. a. Sad, melan- choly, sonowfuL OcufPLiHGydAmpllng. s. A sort of pudding. I^VK^ ddn. a. A colour partaking of lypown and black ; dark^ gloomy. To Duv, dAn. v. a. To claim a debt with vebemence and importunity. DcTNf dim. s. A clamorous, trouble- some creditor. Dunce, d^inse. b. A dullard, a dolt, a thickscuU. Gv^Gj d^g. s. The excrement of animals used to fatten ground. To DfTKG, dtog. y. a. To fatten with dnng. OtJXGEoir, ddn^dn. s. (259). A close prison, generally spoke of a prison sabtemoteous. DvsCFO&K, dfing^f^rk. s. A fork to toss out dung from stabks. bftU;— 611;-«p4iind5— ^Ain, this. DuMGHix., dAng'hll. s. A heap or ac- cumulation of dung; any mean or vila abode » any situatiou of meanness ; a term of repi-oach for a man meanly born. ^ Leaving out one / in the last syllable of tliis word, is, perhaps, asreeable to th« laws printers have laid down to them* selves ; but there is no eye tliat is not hurt at the different appearance of hill when alone, and when joined to another word. That double letters may be, in some cases, spared, is not to be denied ; but where either the sense or sound is endangered by the omission of a letter, there to spar* the letter is to injure the language. A secret conviction of this has nuuie all our Lexicographers waver g^atly in spelling these words, as may be seen at large in the Preliminary/ Observations to the Rhymifig Dictionj^ry, page xv. DuNGHiL, d6ng- hlh a. (406). Sprung from the dunghil, mean, low. Dungy, d^ng'^. a. (409). Full oC dung, mean, vile, base. DuNGYARD,dAng'y4rd. s. The place of the dunghil. DuNKER, d(in'nAr. s. (98), bne cm- ployed in soliciting petty debts. Duodecimo, du-OHd^8's^-m6. a. A book in which one sheet of paper makes twelve leaves. DuoD£cupLE,d6-6-d£k^kA-pl.a. Con- sisting of twelyes. DupR, d(ipe. s. A credulous man, a man easily tricked. To Dupe, dipe. v. a. To trick, to cheat. To Duplicate, du'pl^-kite. v.a. (91). To double, to enlarge by the repetition of the first number or, quantity ; to fold togetlier. Duplicate, diVple-kdte. s. (91).. Another correspondent to the first, a second thing of the same kind, as a tran* script of a paper. DupLicATiON,dA-pl^-k4'shAn.s. The act of doubling ; the act of folding toge- ther ; a fold, a doubling. DupLicATURE, du'ple-ki-tiire. s. A fold, any thing doubled. Duplicity, d6-piis'^-^6. s. Double* ness ; deceit, doubleness of heart. Durability, du-r4-bll'^-t6. s. The power of lasting, endurance. Durable, dA'ra-bl. a. (405). - Lasting, having the quality of long .continuance ; having successive existence. DuRABLENEss,di!i'ri-bl-n£8.s. Power of lastijig. DUX 400 D YV XT (559).~FAte, ftr, f^l, f&t ;— «a^ ma;«-pkie, pto In a lasting Durably, dd'rd-bli. s manner. Du R ANc £, dii^r&nse. s. Imprisonment, tlic custody or power of a jailor { endu- rance, continuance, duration. Duration, dA-r 4'shdn . s . Continuance of time ; power of continuance ; length of continuance. To Dure, diiire. v. n. To last, to con- tinue. Not in use. DuREFULjdure'fdl.a. Lasting, of long continuance. Du R EL ESS, dui'e'l^s. a. Without con- tinuance, fading-. Duresse, du'rds. s. Imprisonment] constraint. ' During, duYing. prep. For the time . of the continuance. ' DuRiTY, du'r^-t^. 8. Hardness, firm nesa. Durst, di'irst. The preterit of Dare, to venture. Dusk, dCisk. a. Tending to darkness ; tending to blackness, dark coloured. Dusk, diisk. s« Tendency to darkness ; darkness of colour. To Dusk, di&sk. v. a. To make duskish. To D u s K, dAsk . v. n. To grow dark, to begin to lose li^t. Duskily, dAsk'^-1^. ad. With a ten- dency to darkness. Duskish, ddsk'lsh. a. Inclining to darkness, tending to obscurity ; tending to blackness. DusKisHLY,dAsk'ish-li. ad. Cloudily, darkly. DusKY,ddsk'6.a. Tending to darkness, obscut*e ; tending to blackness, dark co- loured ; gloomy, sad, intellectually cloud- ed. Dust, dAst s. Earth or other matter reduced to small particles ; the grave, the state of dissolution; mean and dejected state. To Dust, dftst. v. a. To free from dust, to sprinkle with dust. Dustman, diWman. s. (88). One whose employment is to carry away the dust Dusty, dus'te. a. Filled with dust, cloudeil with dust; covered or scattered with dust. Dutchess, dfttsh'es. s. The lady of a duke ; a lady who has the sovereignty of a dukedom. Dutchy, diitshY-. s. A territory Which gives title to a duke. Dutchtcoubt, dOtfth'^'kArt. s. A court wheresn aU matters appertaiaing to tlie. dutchy of Lancaster are decided. Duteous, dd'c^-i^s, or d^'tsh^-ds. a. (363) (394^. Obedient, elMequious ; en- joined by duty. Dutiful, du't^-fiil. s. Obedient, 8ub- missiye to natural or legal luperion ; ex- pressive of respect, reverential. Dutifully, du'ti-fCil-d. ad. Obedi- ently, submissively i reverently^ respect- fully. DuTiFULNKss, d£i'te-f(tl-D^. a. Obe* dience, submission to just authority; re- verence, respect. Duty, du't^. a. That to which a iDen is by anvnaturalor legal obligation bound ; acts of forbearances requiredby religion or morality ; obedienee or submiasion due to parents, governors or superiors ; act of re- verence or respect ; the business of a sol- dier on guard ; tax, impost, custom, toll. Dwarf, dw6rf. s. (85). A man below the common size of men ; any animal or plant below its natural bulk ; an attend- ant on a lady or knight in romances ; it is used often m composition, as dwurf elder, dwarf honeysuckle. To Dwarf, dw6rf. v. a. To hinder from growing to the natural buflE. Dwarfish, dworfish. a. Bekyw the natural bulk, low, little. DwARFisHLY,dw6rf'ish-l^. ad. lake a dwarf DwARFi8HVE88,dw6l*f'ish-n^s. s. Mi- nuteness of stature, littleness. To Dwell, dwd. v. n. Preterit, Dwelt or Dwelled. To inhabit, to live in a place, to reside, to have a habitation ; to be in any state of condition ; to be auspended with attention ; to 6x the mind upon ; to continue long speaking. Dweller, dwel'liir. s. (98). An in- habitant Dwelling, dw^rilng. s. Hahatation, abode ; state of life, mode of living. Dwelling-house, dwd'ling-h64se.s. The house at which one lives. To Dwindle, dwind'dl. v. n. (405). To shrink, to lose bulk, to grow little ; to degenerate, to sink ; to wear away, to k»s« health, to grow feebler ; to faU away, to moulder on. Dying, di'ing. the paiticiple of Die. Expiring, givine up the gliost; tinging-, giving a new colour. Dynasty, di'n4s-t^, or d5n'4s-t^. s. Govenioveiit, sovereignty. XT* All our (irtlioepisls, except Mr. Elpliin- «ton and Entick, adopt the first pronuiK BAR 401 EAR ciatioii ; bvit wiidogy is, in my optnion, chvfy for the iMt (503). Dtscrast, dU'krA-ft^. 8« An unequal mixtiue of elements in tlie blood or nenous juice» a dittempenture. Dysentery, dis^s^n-t^r-^. s. A loose- ness, iriieretn very iU humours flow oflT by stool, snd ar^ also sometimes attend- ed with blood. Cnj*Dr. Johnson, Dr. Ash, Dr. Kenrick, and Buchanan, accent this word on the second syllable ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nares, Mr. Scott,W. Jo}>n8ton,PeTry, £ntick,and Bailey, on the first Thatthis is in posses- sion of the best usage, I have not the least doubt ; and that it is ameable to tlie ana- logy of aceentinr woraa from the learned ianguages which we naturalize by drop- fiing a syllable, is eridentfrom the nume- b^;— 6U;---pA(tod;-i-/Ain, this. rous class of words of the same kind.— See Academy, Incompasable, fcc. A col- . lateral proof too tliat this is the true pro- nunciation is, that Mbsbktery, a word of the same form, is by all the above- mentioned lexicof^raphers who have the wprd, except Bailey, accented on tlie fint syllable. Dyspepsy, dis'p^p-8^. s. A difficulty of digestion. Dysphony, dU'f6-nd. s. A difficulty in speaking. Dyspnoea, dlsp^n£n, for the same reason as the « in Trea- • sury.— See Disunion. E. EACH, 4t8h. pron. (98) (227). £ither of two ; every one of any number, taken separately. ^* Eaobh, i'gip. a. (227). Struck wit<^ desire, ardently wishing ; hot of disposi- tisn, vehement, ardent; quick, busy; shsrp, sour, acrid. £aGERLT, fi'gftr-ld. ad. Ardently, hot- ly ; keenly, sharply. Kaoeewess, ^'g&r-D^. 8. Ardour of inclination; impetuosity, vehemence, vi- olence. £agls, 4'gL 8. (227) (405). A bird of prey, said to be extremely sharp-sighted ; the standard of the ancient Romans. Eagle-eted, i'gl-ide. a. (282). Sharp^ghted as sn eagle. Eaolestone, 6'gl-3t6ne. 8. A stone said to be found at the entrance of the holes in which the eagles make their nests. Eaglet, ^gldt. s. A young eagle. Ear, ^K s. (227). The whole organ of audition or hearing ; that part of the ear that stands prominent ; power of judging of harmony ; the spike of com, that part which contains the seeds ; To faU together by the ears, to fight, to scuffle ; To set by the ears, to make strife, to make to quar- lel. EARX£as,£ir'l^s. a. Without any ears. Ear^kikg, ^er-rlng. s. Jewels set in » ring', and worn at the cars. Earshot, ^ir'shot. s. Reach of the ear. tilARWAx, dir'wdks. s. The cerumen or exudation which smears the inside of the ear. Earwig, Wr'wlg. s. A sheath-wing- ed insect ; a whisperer. Earwitness, Wr-wU'n^s. s. One who attests, or can attest any thing as heard by himself To Ear, i^r. v. a. (246). To plough, to till. To Ear, Ut, v. n. To shoot into ears. Eared, Hrd. a. (3.59). Having ears or organs of liearin^ ; having ears, or ripe com. Earl, M. s. (234) (237). A title of nobility, anciently the highest in England^ now the third. Earl-marshal, ^rKm^r'sh^. s. He that has the chief xare of military solem- nities. Earldom, erl'ddm. s. (166). The seigniory of an earl. Earliness, ^r'R-nds. s. Quickness ' of any action "^th respect to sometliing* else. Early, ir'l^. a. (234). Soon with respect to something else. Early, ^r'l^. ad. Soon, betimes. To Earn, 4m. v. a. (234). (3ri> E A S 402 EBB itT* (559).— Fite, far, fill, fit;-— mi, in^;-^Qe^ pin ;— ' To gain as the reward or wages of la- bour, to gain, to obtain. Eabnest, er'n^st. a. (234). Ardent in any affection, warm, zealous ; intent, fixed, eager. Eaanest, ^r'n^st. s. Seriousness, a serious event, not a jest j the money which is given in token that a bargain is ratified. Earnestly, fir'ndst-16. ad. Warmly, afiectionatel^, zealously, importunately ; eagerly, desirously. Earnestness, 6r'n^st-n^s. s. Eager- ness, warmth, vehemence ; solicitude. Earth, ^vf/i. s. (234) (337). The element distinct from air, fu-e, or water j the teiToqueous giobe, the world. (C? This word is liable to a coarse, vulgar proimnciation, as if written Urtk : there IS, indeed, but a delicate difference be- tween this and the true sound, but quite sufficient to distinguish a common m>m a polite speaker. To Earth, ^nh, v. a. To hide in earth ; to cover with earth. To Earth, ^vth. y. n. To retire un der ground. Earthboard, ^r//i'b6rd. s. The board of the plough that shakes off the earth. Earthborn, teA'b^rn. a. Bom of the earth ; meanly bom. Earthbound, ^rM'b6\!ind, a. Fast- ened by tlie pressure of the earth. Earthen, ^rVm. a. (103). Made of eartli, made of clay. Earthflax, ^r//j'flaks.. s. A kind of fibrous fossil. Eartuiness, ^vthfh-n^s, s. The qua- lity of containing earth, grossness. Earthling, ^r/A'ling. s. An inha* bitant of the earth, a poor frail creatine, Earthly, drM'l^. a. Not heavenly, vile, mean, sordid ; belonnng only to our present state, not spiritusX Earthnut, ^rM'nAt. s. A pignut, a root in shape and size like a nut. Earthquake, ^rM'qwike. s. Tre- mor or convulsion of the earth. Earthshakinc, ^r^^'shi-klng. a Having power to shake the eartli, or to raise earthquakes. Earthworm, ^r/A'wArm. s. A worm bred under ground; a mean sordid wretch. EARTHY,drM'^.a. Consisting of earth ; inhabiting the earth, terrestrial ; relating to earth, not mental ; gross, ftot refined. Ease, ^ze. s. (227). Quiet, restjundis- turbed tranquillity ; freedom from pain > &cility; uncopstraint, freedom fi-om harshness, forced l>ehaviour, or conceits. To Ease^ 6ze. ▼. a. To free fiScftn pain ; to relieve ; to assuage, to mhignte ; - to relieve from labour; to set free from any thing that offends. Easeful^ krxfM. a. Quiet, peace- able. Easement, ^ze'mtot. s. As^stance, support Easily, ^'z^-1^. ad. Without diffi- culty; without pain, without disturbance i readily, without reluctance. Easiness, ^'z6-nfis. s. Freedom from difficulty ; flexibility ; readiness ; free> dom from constraint ; rest, tranquillity. East, ^^st. s. (227) (246). The €|uarter where the sun rises ; the regions in the eastern parts of the world. Easter, iis'tftr. s. (98). The day on which the Christian Church comme- morates our Saviour's resurrection. Easterly, i-es'tdr-M. a. Coming fi'om the parts towards tlie East; lying* towards the East ; looking towards the East. Eastern, ^^s'tifim. a. Dwelling or found in the East, oriental; gmng or looking towards the East. Eastward, d^st'wilrd. a. (88). To- wards the East. Easy, ^'z6. a. Not difficult; quiet, at rest, not harassed; complying, unre- sisting, credulous ; free from pain ; with- out want of more ; witliout constraint, without formality. To Eat, ^te. V. a. (227) (229). Preterite, Ate or Eat ; part Eat or Eat- en. To devour with the mouth ; to con- sume, to corrode ; to retract. To Eat, 6te. v. n. To go to meals, to take meais, to feed ; to take food ; lo be maintained in food $ to make way by corrosion. Eatable, ^'ti-bl. s. (405). Any thing that may be eaten. Eater, ^'tAr. s. (98). One that eats toy thing ; a corrosive. Eating-house, 6'ting-h66se. s. A house where provisions are "sold ready dressed. Eaves, ^vz. a. (227). The edges of the roof which overhang the house. To Eavesdrop, 6vz'dr6p. v. a. To catch what comes from the eaves, to listen imder windows. Eavesdropper, ^vz'drop-piir. s. A listener under windows. Ebb, eb. s. The reflux of tlic tide towards tLe sea ; decline, decay, waste. £CI. 403 £ D G a. — dA» mAvei ndr, n6t;'*^(ibe9 tiU>, To Ebb, to. v.n. To flow back towards the sea ; to decline, to decay, to waste. Ebon, < eb'iin. I s. A hard, heavy, EaoiTT, (^to'nA-ni. I black, valuable wood. £bri£TT» ^4>ri'^-tc. s. DnmkenDess, mtoxication by strong liquors. Ebbiosxtt, A-brA- EccisTRicK, ^k-s^n'trlk- 3 DeviaUng from the centre; irre^ar, 'anomalous. ECCEKTBICITT, ^k-sfal-tris'd'-t^ . S. Dcviatioo from a centre ; excursion fix)m the proper orb. EccHyjfosis, ^k-k^-m6'8is. s. (520). Livid spots or blotches in the skin. EccLBsiABTic^Lj dk-kl^-zh^-is'- ") t^-kal. la. £cCLESIASTlCK,^-kli'Zh^-^'tik. J Relating to the churchf not civil. EccLSsiABTicK, ^k-kl^««h^-4s'tik. s. A person dedicated to the ministries of religion. flC? I have given these words the flat * as- perated, as I am convinced it is quite agreeable to the analogy of pronuncia- tion; for the third syllable coming after the secondary accent, is exactly under the same predicament as the penultimate syl- lable in AmbroficUy Ephesian, Geodatian^ &c. — See Principles, No. 451. ** And pulpit drum ecelesiaatick, " Was beat with fist instead of a stick. -^Kudibrat* EcHXVUS, d-ki'nus. s. (503). A hedge- hog; a shell-fish set with prickles ; with botanists, the prickly head of any plant ; in archiiecturey a member or ornament taking Its name from tlie roughness of the car^'ing. Ec HO, ek'k6- s. The return or reper- cussion of any sound ; the soimd returned. To Echo, ^k'ko. v.n. To resound, to l^ve tile repercussion of a voice ; to be sounded back. To Echo, ^k'k6. v. a. To send back a voice. £c LA I Rc 1 8SEM E KT,6k-kl4re'slz-indnt . s. Kipjaaationj the act of clearing up an affair. 4C7* This word, though long in use, is not yet natxirvUzed. Every syllable but the bill;— 6!|; — pddnd; — rAin, this. last may be perfectly pronoimced by an Englishman who does not speak French ; but this syllabic having a nasal vowel, not followed by hard c or^ (see Encore), is an insuperable difficulty: the nekrest sound to it would perhaps be to make it rhyme with io?ig and strong. But a speaker would, perhaps, risk less by pronouncing it like an £lngUsh word at once, than to imitate tlie French sound awkwardly. EcLAT, 6-kl4w'. 8. (472). J^rench. Splendour, show, lustre. EcLECTicK, ^k-l^k'tik. a. Selecting, choosing at will. Eclipse, i-kllps'. s. An obscuratioti of the luininaries of heaven ; darkness, obscuration. To Eclipse, 6-kllps'.v. a. To darken a luminary ; to extinguish ; to cloud ; to obscure ; to disgrace. Ecliptic, 6-klip'tik. s. A great circle of the sphere. Eclogue, ^kl6g. s. (338). A pasto- ral poem. Economy, ^-k6n'A-m6. s. (296) (518). The management of a family; frugality, discretion of expense ; disposition of things^ regulation ; the disposition or ar- rangement of any work. EcoNOMicK,&k-k6-n6m'lk.(550), > Economical, ^k-ko-nom'i-klU. i ** Pertaining to the regulation of an house- hold ; frugal. Ecstasy, 6ks'ta-s^. s. Any pasaon by which the thoughts ore absorbed, and in wliich tlie mind is for a time lost ; exces- sive joy, rapture ; Enthusiasm, excessive elevation of the mind ; madness, distrac- tion. Ecstasied, iks'ta-sid. a. (282). Ra- vish ed» enraptured. Ec static AL, 6k3-tat'^-kal. > EcsTATicK, ^ks-<4t'ik. (509). 5 ** Ravished, raptured, elevated to ecstasy ; in the highest degfrec of joy. Edacious, ^-d4^shds. a. Eating, vora- cious, ravenous, greedy. Edacity, 6-dia'e-t6. s. Voraciousness, ravenousness. Edder, WdAr. •«. (98). Such fence- wood as is commonly put upon the top of fences. Eddy, M'd£. s. The water that, by some repercussion, or opposite wind, runs contrary to the main stream ; whirl- pool, circular motion. Edentated, ^"d^n't^-t^d. a. Depriv- ed of teeth. £dgSi MJ9. 8. The thin or cutting E D U 404 E FF a?* (559).— F Ate, f&r, fMl, Cit;— m6, ma;— pine, phi;— part of a blade ; a narrow part rising' ftom K broader ; keenness, acrimony ; ,To^et tlie teeth on edg^, to cause a tingling pain in the teeUi. To Edge, Mje. v. a. To sharpen, to enable to cut ; to furnish with an edge ; to border with any thing, to fringe ; to exas- . perate, to embitter. To Edge, ^dje. v. n. To move against any power. Edged, 6djd. or dd'jM.part. a. (359). Sharpj not bliuit. Edging, ^d'jing. s. What is added to any thing hy way of ornament ; a narrow lace. Edgkless, ^dje'l^s. a. Blunt, obtuse, unable to cut. Edgetool, ^dje't661'. s. A tool made sharp to cut. Edgewise, ^djc'wize. ad. With the edge put into any particular direction. Edible, ^d'd-bl. a. (503). Fit to be eaten. Edict, 6'dikt. s. A proclamation of command or prohibition. |C7* Good speakers seem divided about the quantity of the vowel in the first syllable of this word. Kenrick, Perry, and Bucha- nan make it short ; and Sheridan, Nares, Entick, Ash, Scott, and^V. Johnston, long. This majority has induced me to make it long likewise, and not any length of the same letter in the Latin et/irtt/m,- for though the Latin accent is frequently a rule for tJie placing of ours, the quantity of Latin has almost as little to do with our quantity as it has with that of Uie Chinese or Hebrew. See Introduction to Rhym- ing Dictionary, page xix. Edification, ed-M^fe-ci'shiln. s. The act of building up man in the ikith, im provemcnt in holiness; improvement* in- struction. Edifice, dd'^-fis. s. (142). Afebrick, a building. Edifier, td'd'fi-ur. s. One that im- proves or instructs another. To Edi F Y,M' mediately before the accent, make^ us frequently hear the e in these words, when tlie accent is on the second sellable, pronounced as open as if there were but oneyr The same may be observed of the f 0 in occasion, ofence^ official, &c. This is certainly a denation nrom rule ; but it is so general, and so agp'eeable to the ear, aa to DC a distinguishmg mark of elegant pronunciation. EiFECT, ^f-fi&kt'. s. (98). That which is produced by an operating cause ; con* sequence, event j reality, not mere ap- pearance ; in the plural, goods, moveables. To Effect, df-f&kt'. v. a. To bring to pass, to attempt with success, to achierci to produce as a cause. Effectible, cf-f^k'ti-bl. a. Pcrforma- hle, practicable. Effective, ^f-fSk'tlv. a. Having the power to produce effects ; operative, ac- tive ; efficient Effectively, ^f-fiSk'tlv-W. ad. Poti'- erfuUy, with real operation. Effectless, ef-f^kt'l^s. s. Without effect, impotent, useless. Effector, ^f-f6k't\ir. s. (166). lie that produces any effect. Effectual, 5f-fi&k'tshi& 41. a. (463). Productive of effects, powerful, to a de- gi-ee ^equate to the occasion, efficacious. Effectually, £f-fftk'tsh(i-k-^. ad. In «jjr us 160 TdEryLV^y ^f-flAW. v.n. (98). T« rtn out Elf PLUX10119 ^flAk'shAi). 8. The ad* of flowing out; that which ioin wh^h tiieir yoiuig is pi*oduced ; the spawn or sperm of crea^ tures ; any thing mhioned in the sliape of. an egg. To Egg, ig. v. a. To incite, to instigate. EoLAvTiNB, Sg-lto^la. s. (1K>). A species of rose ; swcetbrter. Egotism, 6'g6.tlzm. s. Too fi-equent mention of a man's self. (0* Contrary to my own judgment I have made tlie e in the first syllable of this word long, because I see it is uniformly so marked by all the Dictionaries I have seen : but I ana much mistaken if analogy does not in time recover her rights, and shorten this vowel by joimng it to the ^, as if written eg-o-tuin ; not because tlu** vowel is short in'tlie Latin cj^oi (for' the English (^luintity has very little to do with the Latiu,) but because the word may be . looked upon as a simple in our language, and tlie accent is on the antepenultimate syllable. Mr. Elphinston, whose opinion in this point is of the greatest weight, makes the first vowel short.— S^e Prin- ciples, No. 511, 530, 530. 2M ' •.ntiiKr peadoete of tlw |gtfifn«^w*l^ fifioaaiHul|r. To Effsctu AY«t ^NUk'^taM^ite. v. a. To feriftg to p«ss, to fclfi!. Effshinact, tf»tl&m'A-nl-s*. s. Ad- mission of the qualities of a woman, sofl- ness, unmanly delicacy; lasciviousness, ^^H)n0 alea^vre. EFFEHiif ATB, ^f^ny^-nikte. a.. (91). Hamsp lh«qiialitftefrof a wman, woman- ish, voluptuous, tender. To £ffkjii«atk, ^-fihp^d-nAfce. v. a. (91) (98). To make womanish, to eoMs- calate, to amasi. To£FPEittNATBttf4ilm^^'4iite. v.n. To 8afiLen,.t»iB«ltiate weakness. £ff£Minatiqk, df-{^m-6 n&'skdo. s. The stM9 of .one gnmn womaaish, the state of one emaseiditted or unmanned. To EFf EitvKscK, ^f^fSr»v^s'. V. TU To ^penerate heat by intestine motion. Effkevb9cenc£, ^f-ftr-v^s's^nse. s. (510). The act of g^wi^g hot, produc- tion of heat by mtesdne motion. £ffic A'ciou8,if-f(£*k4'&hi&s.a. Produc- tive of cflTects, {xrweHid to pKKluoe the consequence intended. £pf iCAciousLT, £f-fi&-k&'shAs-le. ad. E/Tectually. Efficacy, ^ffS-ka-s^. ^ Production of the cpnsequenee intended. Effi^cxsnxk, 6f-fish'y^nsc. > .q^. Efficibmct, df.£i»h'y6n-8^. i .'• ^^*^- The act of prodneing eflects, agency. EFFieiBHTy ^f-fUh^yint. s. The oause which makea effecta ; he that.makes, the efirctor. . . Eftioikkt, iWlsh'y^nt. a. (US). , Causing eflTeetSi Ekfxgies, ^f-fid'](fea. blance, imAge m painting pr scnlpture. EFFLOSLEacfiNCBY ^-ii6-r£s'sSnse. 7 Efflorkscekct, df' the . act of darting or throwing out Ejaculatory, i.j4k'u-lA-tftr-^. a. Suddenly darted out, sudden, hasty. To Eject, *-jAkt'. v. a. To throw out, to cast forth, to void ; to throw out or ex-- pel from an ofBcc or possession. Ejection, *-j6k'sh(in. s. The act of casting out, expulsion. Ejectmei^t, jft-jikt'mtot. s. A legal writ by which any inh«|>itant of a house, 01^ tenant of an estate, is eommaDded to depart. jEiGHT, iyt. a. Twice fojir, A word of number. gy^ The genuine soi^nd of the diphthong in this word and its compoondsdoes not seem to be that of the first somid of a, which Mr. Sheridan has given it imder the se- cond sound off, but a combination of tihe first sound of a and e pronounced ta close- ly to|;«ther as possible. But as this dis- . tinction is «iy delicate, and may not be more easily i^mrefiended than that be- tween meat and vieet, (246,) I have g^v- en the diphthong the same sound as Mr Sheridan has done. Eight, 4yt/A, a. Next in order to the seventh. (Q* This vrord as it is written, by no means conveys the sound annexed to it in speak- ing, for the abstract termination M being a perfect lisp, is quite distinct from the final f oT eight, and can never coalesce with it without depriving the word of one of Its letters. The only sound conveyed by the letters of this word, as now spelt, is as if written ayth: and if we would spbll this sound as we pronoimce it, and as the analogy of formation certainly requires, we must necessarily write iieightth. This ;— mit 1^^ ;— pine, pin ;•— would have n umsaal aptManaee tb (te eye ; and this would be a sufficient reason with the multitttda for oraosing it; but mcd • of sense ought to euosioer, that the credit of the languid is concwned in recti^ngr this radical &ult In its orthography. Eighteen, iy't^in. a. Twice mne. Eighteenth, ky'tHnth. a. The next in order to the seventeeatby EiGHTFOLi>, Ayt^ki' a. Eight times the number or quantity. Eighthly, hytth^L ad^ In the eighth place. Eightieth, iy't6-irA. a. The next in order to the seventy^thith, ci^th tenth. Eightscore, iyt^skire.a. Eight dmes twenty. Eighty, i^y^t^. a. Eight times ten. EisEL, i'sll. 8, Vinegar, verjuiee. Either, 6'Tirdr.pron.distrib. Which- soever of the two, Aether one or the other ; each, both. Either, ^'Tftftr.conj. (252). A distri- butive conjunction, answered by Or, ci- ther the one or the other. EMULATION, W.)6-14'sh(kn. s. Outcry, lamentation, moan, wailing. Eke, ^ke. ad. Also, likewise, be^de. To Eke, 6ke. v.a. To increase; to sup- ply, to fill up'deficil&ncies ; to protract, to lengthen ; to spin out by useless additions. TaEuABORATE, i-l4b'6-rite. v. a. To produce with labour ;to heighten and im- prove by successive operations. Elaborate, ^-l&b'6.r4te. a. (91). Fi- nished wi^ great diligenee. Elaborately, 6-l&b'6-rAte-l£. ad. La- boriously, diligently, with great study. Elaboration, ^-Idb-^-r^'shto. s. Im- provement by successive operations. To Elance, ^-ldnse^ v. a. To throw dUt,>todart. To Elapse, ^-lipse^ v. n. To pass aWay, to glide away. Elastic AL, i^-lis't^-kil. > Wovino. Elastick, 6-lis'tlk. 5 *• "^^^"^ the power of returning to iht form from which it 19. distorted, spring}'. Elasticity, ^-I^Ls-tis^ife-t^. s. Force ih bodies, by which they endeavour to re- store themselves. Elate, ^'Ute'.a»Flu3hed with success, lo%,.haugfa^. To Elate, A44te'. v. a. To puff up with prosperity : to ex^h, to heigliten. Elation, Mik'shih). s. Haughtiness- pioceediiig firom success. Elbow, «*1)*. ^ (337), The next :£i.E 407 EL E joint or eorrslxiee of the am below the shooider ; any ilezure or angle. £LBowcRAla^l-b^*tsb4re^8. Achair witharma. £l9ovr4>om, ^)1)^r6^« 8. Room to stretch mat the elboivs, freedom from confinement To Elbov, £1^. F. a. To push with the eOiow ; toputh, to drive to a diitance. To EtBow, dlTjA. V. n. To jut out IB angles. £ij>, ild. 8. Old age, decrepitude ; old people, persons worn out wiUi years. Elder, llM6r. a. (98). Surpa3suig another in years. £ld£Rs, ^Vdilirz. a. Persons whose jafpe gives themrererence; ancestors^ those .iSho are older than otherit among the Jews rulers of the people; in the New Testa- ment, ecelesiasticlcs,* among Presbyteri- ans, laymen introduced into tiie kirk poUty . jBLDJBRy ^J^ddr. s. (98). The name of a tree. £lderlt, ^Vi^rA^, a» No longer young. £Li)EESHip,|filM^Hsh!p. 8. Seniority, primogcmture. Eldest, ^Vdist. a. The oldest that has tl^e right of primogeniture ; that has. lived most years. ElLKCAMPAKE, dl-^-k&m^p4ne^ 3. A piajft named also starwort To Elect, ^l^kt'. v. a. To choose for any office or U4e ; in theology, to select as an object of eternal mercy. Elect, ^-l^kt^ a. Chosen, taken by preference from among others ; chosen to «n office not yet in possession ; chosen as an objeet of eternal mercy. £jLBc:rART,^4ML'td*rd. s. A form of medicine madeof conserves and powders, of the copsistence of honey. ^CJ^ ThjjB is an alteration of die word Slec- ta4Bry^ which has taken place within these few years ; andf it must be owned, is an siReration for the better : for, as there b jio « in the Latin' Eiectariuni, there can be pio reason foif inserting it in our English word, which is deriv^ from it. Sc^ECTiov, ^-Idk'Shdn. s. The act ojf choosing one or more from a greater number; die power of choice ; Voluntary preference ; the determittatkypitof God, by vMA ^ny vgtre selected for ji^ten^al life ; the ceremony of a publiclc choice. ' Elkctite, Wik'tly. 9. Exeirting thjs power of choice. pi-ECTiTELy, ^Aik'tlr-}^. ad. B7 clioifCj ^1^ p^^rence of one to aaother, At- b{M}-^>-pAtnd;^-*/Ain, ifris. Elector, ^-l^k'tdr. 8. (98)« He that hasfi vote in the choice of jany officer.; a prince who has a voice in the choice of the German emperor. Electoral, ^-l^k't&-dll. a. Having the dignity of an elector. Electorate, 6-l6k't4-r4te. s. (91), The territory of an elector. Electee, W^k'tAr. s. (98) (4I6). Amber ; a mixed metal. Electrical, Wek'tr^-kAl. > Electricr, ^-l^k'trlk. 5 tractive wUhout magnetism ; produced by an clectrick body. Electricity, *-l^k-trls'*.t*. s. A property in bodies, whereby, when rub- bed, they draw substances, and emit fire. Electu ARVt ^rlik'tsbd-lrr^. S4 See Elbctart. Eleemostnart, d]-^-m6z'6-nir-6. a. Living upon alms, depending upon chari- ty ; given in charity. Elegance, 41'6-gln8c. > « Elegancy, *l'd.g4n^^. j *' "^^"^^ of heart, beauty without grandeur. Eleg AN t, il^^-glnt. a. Pleaaing with minuter beauties ; nice, not coarse, not gross. EL£GAN.TLY,£r^i-gtiitrl^. ad. Insuch a manner as to please without elevation. Elegiack, ^l-^-ji'&k. a. Used in ele.- gies ; mournful, sorrowful. tcy^ Our own analogy woitldlead us toplaee the accent upon tbe second sylUble of this word ; but its derivation from the Latin e^^'acutandthe Greek njy^unuf, (in both wliich the antepenultimate Ts l6ng) obli^s us, under p«in of appearing g^ssly ilhte- rate, to ]place the accent on the same letjter. But it may be observed, that we have scarcely a(n inatahce in the wtiole Ian* g^uage of adopting a Latin or Greek word, and curtailing it of a syllable^ without re^ moving the accent higher on the English ., word. — See Acadsmy. Elegy, jL'^-j^. s. A mournful song; a funerajl song ; a fhort poem» without points or turns. EtEMENT, ^r^-m^nt. 8. The first or constituent principle qf any th^ig } the fpur elements, usually 9p called, iiTe earth, air, fire, water, of which our worid is compos- ed; tiie proper habitation or sphere ofany thing ; }fn ingredient, a ponstituent part; the letters of ^y language ; the lowest or first rudiments of literature o^ science. ELEMENTAL, di-^-nk^a'tU. a. Prbr duced by some of the four elements ; arising firom fiyst principles. tZT ZAS IT* (559)..«4^ilc> ni> 4li Cte 9«-4mI» wUti^^^fbim, t»tkt»^ SimpUcitar of nat«v«» flbaeace of eompo- sttion. El E M EN T AH Y, iW-TO^n^AM i a. Un- compounded, having onty ohe pf ineiple. Elpphant, ^i'Wftnt. *. The largest of all quadrupeds. Elephantine, il-^-fin'dn. a. (140) Pertaining to the elephant To Elevate, ^K^-vite. v. a. (91). To raifte up aloR; to exalt, to dignify < to raise the mind with g^reat conceptions. Blevate, itVi^viXt. part. a. (91) Exalted, raised alofl. JEleVation, ^W-vi'shAn. •. The act 0f raising aloft I exaltation, dignity ; ex- altation of the mind bj noble conceptions ; the height of anj^ heavealy body with re- spect to the horizon. ' ELEVAToa, ^I'^-vA-t&r. (521) (166). A raiser or lifter up. Eleven, 6-Wv'vn. a. ( 103). Ten and one. El^iventh, ^Ahr'vntJi. a. The next • in order to the tenth. Elf, elf. s. Plural, Elves. A wander- ing si»r(t, supposed to be seen in wild places ; a devil. Elflock, dlfl6k« •. Knots of hair twisted by elTcs. To Elicit, i^lb'slt. v. a. To strike out, to fetch out by labour. Elicit, ^-lisVit. a. Brought into act* Elicitation, 6-l!s-s^*td'shdn. s. Is a deducing the power of the will into act. To Elide, 6-llde'. v. a. To break in pieces. JELlGiBiLiTY,5W.j6-bil'6-t^.S. Wor- thiness to be chosen. Eligible, ^I'^ij^-bl. a. (i05). Fk to be chosen, pre4rab1e. Eligibleness, ^Ki-j^-bl-n^s. s* Wor (^ tfainess to be chosen, preferableness. i Elimination, ^-lim-^-ni'shto. r. The act of banishing, rejection. Elision, ^4lzh^^n. s. The act of . cutting off; division, separatifltt of parts. Elixation^ ^14k-s4'shtL^« , a. (533). (530), The act of boiling. Elixir, i-lllv'sdr. 9. (418). A roedi eine made by strong infusion, where the ingredients are almost disserved in the menstruum $ the liquor with which ehy- mists transmute metals ; the extract or «{0intes9cnee of any thing; any eordial. 03" There is a corsupt pronunciation of tlus Elliptick, ^1-Up'tik. 3 ing the fiirm of «n ellipsis. Elm, £lm. s. The name of a tree. £LocuTiov,6I*6-k&'8hAn.8. The power of fluent speech ; eloquence, flow of lan- guage ; the power of expreasion or diction. (O* This worn originally, bolh among the Greeks and Romans, signified the csboke and order of words ; and Drydeo and other modems have used itin the same sense ; it is now scarcely ever used but to signifj'pro- nuneiaticm. The French seem to have been the first who used it in this sense : Addison has followed them ; and as it is perfectly agreeable to the Latin original e ssxdloquer, and serves to distinguish oratorical pro- nunciation from pronunciation in gene- ral, the alteration is not \nthout its use. Elocy, ^Vih-}^. s. (503). Pfaise, pa- negyrick. To Elongate, ^-lAng'gilte. v. a. To lengthen, to draw out To Elongate, ^-long'gite. v. n. To go off to a distance from any thing. ELONGATioN|^l«6ng-g4'shAn. s.(530). (533). Theactofatretchingorkiigthen. ing itself; the state of being stretched ; distance ; space at, which one thing is dis- tant from another ; departure, rcmoraL To Elope, ^46pe^ v. a. To rnli awayi to break loose, to escape. Elopement, 4-l6pe'ni^nt. s. Depar- ture from jus^ restraint. Elops, diops. s. A fish, reckoned by Milton among the serpents. ELoquENGK,6r6-kwenae«s. Thcpow. er oi'apeaking with fluency and elegance i elegant langua^^ uttered with fluency. Elo<^ en t, 61'MLwt:nt* a. Having the power of oratory. Elseji dse. pronoun. OchePf one be* sides. Else, dlae. ad.- Otherwise; besidea, except. . ELSEiynERE, dfsi^'hwire. aid. (397). . In any other place ; i^, ^ther plaeesi in SQioe other plape. « ' ZMA EMB ToEujccoATSyi-M'a^Hlite. T.a. To ezpUni, to dlMT. BlucibatioN) ^4&-td-di'shdn. s. £zplan«tion, expo»iti To issue or flow fr^m something else. Emanation, ^m-ma-ni'shi!in. s. (530) T^e act of issuing or proceeding from any other substance ; that which issues from another substance. Emasi^tive, £m^dn-d-t!Y. a. Issuing ^%x^ mother. To £ma»cipat£, i-min's^-pdtel v. a. . 'Toaetfr^ from^servitude. J^HAiictPATioXj ^-xnftn^^-pi'sttjba. s. bAll;— xAH;— p6find;-^Mii, this. The act of setting free, deltrerwiee from slavery. T6 Emarginate, i-m&r'ji^&te. v. a. To take away the margin or edge of any tiling. To Lmasculate, £-ni4s'kii«!4te. v. a. To castrate, to deprive of virility ; to efl'e- ninate ; to vitiate by unmanly soifbiess. ' Emasculation, ^4rk^ v. a. To put on shipboard I to engage another in any affair. To Ti^MBARK, to-birk'« v. n. To go on shipboard ; to engage in any affair. To Embarrass, im-bar'rlLs. v. a. To perplex, to distress, to entangle. Embarrassment, ^m-bar'ris-in^nt. s. Perplexity, entanglement To Embase, ^m-b4se^ v. a# To viti- ate ; to degrade, to vilify. Embassador, em-b&s'slpd^kr. s. (98). One sent on a pnbiick message. EMBAS9Aint£9s,^in«b48's4-drds. 8. A woman sent on a publick message. Embassage, 6m'bis-sije. (90). > Embassy, ^^bds-s^. j *' A publick message ; ^y solemn message. £ M B 41t tUE '•^6, in6ve, n6r, nAt;^-4:&be} t(ibj To Embattle, cm^bAt'tl. r. a. To range in order or array of battle. To Embay, ^m-b4'. v. a. (98), To bath, to wet, to wftsh $ to inclose in a bay, to land-lock. To Em B K L LI SH, ^m-b^nish . v. a. To adorn, to beautify. Em hellish ment, fitn-Wl'lish-mSnt . s . Ornament, adventitious beauty,decoration. £mb kk s, dm'bArz. s . without a singular. Hot cinders, ashes not yet extinguished. EMBER-wE£K,6m'bAr-w66k.s. A week in vWch an ember day falls. The ember days at the four seasons are the Wednes- day, Friday, and Saturday, after the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Pentecost, ^ptember 14th, December IStli. To Embezzle, ^m^bez'zl. v. a. To appropriate by breach of trust ; to waste, to swallow up in riot. Embezzlement, ^m-bez'zl-ment. s. The act of appropriating" to himself tliat which is received in trust for anotlier ; ap- pjopriated. Jo Emblaze, fim'blaze'. v. a. To .ailom with glittering embellishments ; to .blazon, to paint with ensigns armorial. To Emblazok, ^m-bli'zu. v. a. To adorn with figures of heraldry ; to deck in glaring colours. Emblem, dm^l^m. s. Inlay, enamel ; an occult representation^aB allusive picUii'e. To Emilem, ^'blfim. v. a. To re- jsresent in an occult or aUusive manner. Emblematic a Ly ^m-bl^-m4t'6' ") kil. (509). |- a. Emblematick, ^-bl^-m&tlk. J Comprising an emblem, allasive, occultly representative; dealing in emblems, usmg emblems. Eh blem atig a lly, £m-bl^-mit'^-kil- ^.ad. In themaimerof emblems, fdlu- sively. Emblematist, ^mrW^m'i-tist. s. Writer or uivcntor of emblems. Embolism, ^m1)64lzm. s. Interca- lation, insertion of days or years to pro- duce regularity and equation of time ; the time inserted, intercatatory time. Embolits, 6m'b6-l(^s. s. Any thing inserted and acting in another, af tlie aucker in a pump. To Emboss, dm-b&s^ v. a. To fiorm with protuberances: to engrave with . relief, or rising work ; to iiMrlof e, to in- clude, to cover. Embossment, dm-bos'm^t. s. Any thing standing out from the rest, jut, eminence ; reUef, risiAg work. b(iil^-«»411;*-^{aMi;-- ^Aint TMu. Tp Embottle, £m-b&ftl. v. a- Te include in bottles, to bottle. To Embowel, ^m4>6ik'dl. T. a. To deprive of the entrails. To Embrace, £m«^r4se'. v. a. To hold fondly in the arms, to M{iieeze in kindness ; to seize ardency or eagerly^ to lay hold on« to welcome ; to compreh^d, to take in, to encircle ; to cpmpme, to inclose, to contain. To Embrace, ^mJjrA^c'. v. n. To join in an embrace. Embrace, ^m-br&se\ s. Claq>> fond pressure in the ^ms, bug; Embracement, ^m-4>r4sc'm&it. s. Clasp in the arpis, hug, embrace ; state of being contained, inclosure ; conju^ endearment Embracer, ^m-br&'s^. 8. The per- son embracing. Embrasure, 6m-hrirz(m\ s. An aperture in the wall, battlement. To Embrocate, ^ml>r6-k4te. v. a. To rub any part diseased With medicinal liquors. Embrocatiok, ^m4ir6-k4'ah(kn. s. The act of rubbing any pact diseased with medicinal liquors ; the krtioii witli which any di8e«»ed part is washed. To Embroider, ^mrbr66'dAr. v. a. To border yath omaraenisi to decorate with figured work. EMBRoiD£RER,etn-br66Mdr-(ir.s. On^ that adorns clothes with needle-work. Embroidery^ to-br66'diir-^. * s. Fi- g^ures raised upon a ground, varieMted needle-work; y»riegation^ divemty of colours. To Embroil, dm-brolK. v. a. To disturb, to conflise, to distract. To Embrothel, ^m-br6TH'd|. t. a. T0 inclose in a brothel. Embryo, ^rnVM- ? . tk-. ^w Embryon, ^m'br^^n. J *' ^ne off- spring yet unfinished in the womb ; the state of any thing yet not fit for produc- tion yet'unfinishecL EMENAG0GUE,6»m^n'&-g6g. B« A me- dicine to promote circulation in females. EMEifDAB];E,6-m^M^-b). a. CqnMe of emendation^ corrigible. Emend at^on^ ^m-^n-dVsHAn. 8« (SSOy, Correction, alteration of any tbing fix>ra worse to better ; an iteration msde in the text by verbal critfcisna. Emend AT.oR, (ftm-in-.di't6r. s, (;5?1)p A corrector, an improver. ^pnvpi imm^ EMM 411 EMP *«-4iA| mAvci nAr, n&t;— 4fibe> tiikb, bUl ;«*-^ll ;— p6&nd ;-— //tin, tHis A green pre- ciow stone. To Emergb, A-onirje^ v. n. To rise out of any thing in which it is covered ; to riBc, to mount from a state of oppression or ohscurky. EMBROBKCfc, ^-m^r'jiBSC- '> ^ yj^g Emerokucy, i-m^r'jin-«6-5 jLCt of risinif out of any fluid hj which it is coveKd ; the act of rising into view ; any sudden occasion, unexpected casual- ty,* pressing necessity. £jiErROKicople or community. Emperess, 6m'pdr-es. s. A woman in- vested with imperial power ; the queen of an emperor. EMrsROR,dm'pdr-^r. s« (166). A mo- narch of title and dignity superior to a king. Empert, to'pdr-^. 8. (503). Empire, sovereign comman^d. A word out of use. Emphasis, ^m'i^-sis. s. A remarkable stress hud upon a word or sentence. Emphatical, ^m-f2tt'lk-4l. ' Emphatick, ^m-ftt'ik- cible, strong, striking. Emphatically, dm-f4t'6-kdl-^. ad. strongly, forcibly, in a striking manner. To Empierce, 6m-p^rse'. v. a. (250). To pierce into, to enter into by violent appulse. — See Pierce. Empire, ^m'pire. s. (140). Imperial power, supreme dominion; the region over which dominion is extended ; com- mand over any tiling. GC?" I have differed from Mr. Sheridan and Buchanan in the pronunciation of the la^ syllable of this word, as I think the long sound of f is more agreeable to tlie ear, as well as to the best usage, tliough 1 confess not so analogical as the short /. Dr. Kcnrick, Scott, W. Johnston, and Perrj', pronounce the 1 long as I have done.— See Umpire. a. For- EMP 4t% EMF it?* (55»).p.*-J^&tey f&r, Oly fit^.»m£» iiiit;«^iiinef ptn;^ A trier op experimenter, such perBon* M venture upon observation only; a quack. 03» Dr. Johnson tells us, the first accentu- ation is adopted by Dryden* and the last by Milton ; and tliis he prefers. There is indeed a strong aiialoc^y for the last, as the word ends in ic (509) ; but this ana- logy is sometimes violated in favour of the suDstantives, as in Lunatic^ Heretic^ &c. ; and that this is the case in the word in question, may be rathered firom the ma- jority of vote's in its favour : for thoug-h Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Nai^es, and W. Johnston, are for the latter; Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Mr. Scott, Mr. Peri^v Buchanan, £ntick, Bailey, and Barclay, - • are for the fom>er. Tliis word clasaes too with those that almost always adopt the antepenoltimute accent (503); but the adjective lus more properlyjthe accent on the second syllable. Empirical, i:m-pir'i-ldU. > Empjrick, dm-pir'ik. J in experiments, practised only by rote. Empirically, ^m-pir'i-k4l-l^. ad. £ xperimentally« without rational gvQunds ; in the nianner of a quack. EMPiRicisM,^m-pir'£-slzm. s* Depen- dence oQ experience without knowledi^ or a^ quackery. Emplaster, ^mi)l&s^tdr. s. An ap- ptication to a sore of an oleaginou* or vis- cous substance spread upon doth, £MFot80]tMSXT9 tai-pM'zp*intet* %t The practice of destroying by poiaon« £ifpoR£TicKf ^-pM^tlk. a. Tlutt used at markets, or in nctcbaadaae. . Emporium, 6m-p&'rt^bn. s. A pface of merchandise, a commercial dty. To EMpovERiflH, £in-p6v'^lfth. ▼. a. To make poor ; to lessen Ibt^ty. OC/* This word, before Dr. Jolmaon^i Die Conary was published, was always writ- ten impvoerith ; nor since he has reform- ed the ort|iogrraphy do we tei any consi- derable difference in the sound of the 6rBt svllable, except in solemn speaking^; in this case we must undoubtedly preserre the e in its true sotmd-^-See Embalm. Empoverisher, ^in-p6v'er-lsh-dr. s. One that makes others poor ; that which impairs fertility. Empovehishmekt, ^m-piv'fe-lslw mSnt. s. Diminution, waste. To Empower, im-poii'iir. v.a. Toau-* thorize^ to commission ; to enable. Empress, dm'pr^s. s. The queen of an emperor ; a female invested with impcai- al dignity, a female sovereign • propeiif EmpercH. Em prise, ^m-prize'. s. Attempt of dan- ger, undertaking of hazard, enteiprise. Emptier, Sm't^-Ar. s. One that emp* ties, one that makes Toid. Emptiness, 5m'td-nds. s. The state of To'EmVl A8TER7im-pi5s't4r. v. a- To [ ^«?5 «"™P5y J *T°*?.,f P*^^A,T*f '^^t'^ '. "^ . Versed cover wi^ a plaster. £mpla8tick» toi-pUa'tlk. a. Viscous, glutinous. 1*0 Emplead, to-i>Ude^ v. a. To in- dict, to prefer a charge against To Employ, 4m-pl6^'. v. a. To busy, to keep at work, to exercise ; to use as an instniment ; to commission, to intrust with the maj\agemeut of any affairs ; to fiU up with business { or to spend in business. Employ, £^l-pl6^^ s. Business^ object of industry ; publick office. Employable, ^in-pl6^'14>L a. Capa- ble to be used, proper for use. Employer, ^ni-pl66'(b*. a. One that uses, or causes to be used^ Employment, 6in-pl6^'intot. s.Busi- siness, object of industry; the state of being employed; office, post of business. To Empoison, ^in-p6^'zn. v. a. To destroy by poison, to destroy by venomous food or drugs ; to envenom. Empoisoner, 6m-p6^'zn*{kr. s. One who destroys anotjier by poisoD. satisuictoriness, inability to fill the desires ; vacuity of head, want of knowledge. Emption, ^m'shdn. s. A purchasing. Empty, ^m't^. a. (412). Void, haviD|^ nothing in it, not full ; unsatisfactory, un- able to fill the mind or desires ; without any thin^ to cany, unburthened ; meant of head, i^tiorant, unskilful ; without sub- stance, without solidity, vain. To Empty, hm\ to exhaust To Empurple, tei^)iirp'pl. v. a. To make of a purple colour. To Empuzzle, ^m-p&K^zl. ▼. a. To perplex, to put to a stand. Empyema, fem-pl-^'md. s. (92). A col- lection of purulent matter in any part whatsoever, generally used to signify that in the cavity of the breast only. •^ I have diflfered from Mr. Sheridan in thf sound of the y in the second syllable of this word, merej}' from the disagreeable eflPeci it has on the ear, to pronounce two vowel •« of exactly the same soundin immediate sue- cessioiLThii aameneas ia, in some matasurf , ENA 41S ENC ^m^A, mire J odr, n&t;--tbb69 t&l>» bJdl;--^;-i-p6i&nd;— fAin, this. avoided by ffivii^y the long diphthong BOttod of f / and the same reason has m- ' duced me to the same notation in the word Empyrean, If good usage is against me, I submit. EirPTREAL,^*ni-pir'^Al. a. Formed of fire, refined beyond aerial. Empyrean, dm-iA-rt'to, or dm-plr'i- in, s. The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire is supposed to subsist— See Empyema. C/* This word has the accent on the penul- timate syllable in Sheridan, Kenrick, Bar- clay, Nares, and Bailey ; and on the an- tepenultimate in Ashy Buchanan, Perry, and Entick : and this last accentuation is. In my opinion, the most correct; for as the penultimate is short, there is the same reason for placing the accent on the ante- penultimate as in CeruUms thougli poets, with their usual license, generally accent the penultimate. — See Euaopean. Empyreuw, dm-pir'r^5m. > L 5 8, The Emptreuma, (ftm-p^-Hi'inl burrnng of any matter in boiling. Empyreumatical, 4mp^-ru*in4t'6 kil. a. Having the smell or taste of burnt substances. Empyrosis, ^m-p^-r6'sl8. s. (520). ConfiagratioD, general fire. To Emulate, im'u-lAte. v. a. To rival ; to imiute with hope of equality, or superior exceUence ; to' be equal to j to rise to equality with. Emulation, tai-6-li'shfln. s. Rivalry, * desire of superiority; contest. Emulative, ^m'W4-tiv. a. Inclined to emulation, rivalling. Emulator, im'&-lA-tAr.s,(166)(521). A rival, a competitor. To Emvlge, ^-mdlje'. v. a. To milk put. Emulgekt, ^•m^'jdnt. a. Milking or draining out. Emulous, em'WAs. a. {^^^\ Rival- ling, engaged in competition ; dcsirous^of superiority, desirous to rise above another, desirous oif any excellence possessed by another. Emulously, ^m'^-lJis-1^. ad. With desire of excelling or outgoing anotlier. £MUL$ioN,^mArahi^n.s. A form of me- dictne, by bruising oily seeds and kernels. Kmubctories, 6-mAnk'tik-iz. &• (557) (99). Those parU of the body where any tlung excrementitious is separated and collected. To Ejiable, to-i^bl. v. a. (405). To make abtej to coxier power. To Enact, An-dkt'. v. a. To estaUith, to decree } to represent by action. |CjP The same observations hold good in words beginning with enas in those with mt.— See Embalm and £ncoMium. Enactor, *n-ik'tdr. s. (166). One that forms decrees, or establishes laws ; one who practises or performs any thing. Enallage, 6n-M'l4.ji. s. A figure in grammaTy whereby thera is a change either of a pronoun, as when a possessive is put for a relative, or when one mood or tenSe of a verb is put for another. To LNAMDUSH,in-am'b63h. v. a. To hide in ambush, to hide with hostile in- tention. To Enamel, ^n.&m'dl. v. a. (99). To inlay, to variegate with colours. To Enamel, ^n4m'^l. v. n. To prac- tise the use of enamel Enamel, ^n-4m'^l. s. Any thing en- amelled, or varierated with colours inlaid; the substance inlaid in other things. En ameller, dn-dm'^MAr. s. One that practises the art of enamelling. To Enamour, dn-im'fir. v. a. (314). To mflame with love ; to make fond. Enarration, 6n-n4r-rA'shAn. s. Ex- planstion. Enarthrosis, in-lLr-Mri'sls. (520). The insertion of one bone into another to form a joint. ENATATioN,i-ni-tA'shftn. s. The act of swimming out To Encage, ^n-kAje'. v. a. To' shut up as in a cage s to coop up, to confine. To Encamp, to-kimp'. v, n. To pitch tents, to sit down for a time in a march. To Encamp, ^n-kdmp^ y. a. To form an army into a regular camp. Encampment, en-kdmp'm^nt. 8. The act of encamping or fMtching tents \ a camp, tents pitched in order. To Kncave, to-kive'. v. a. To hide as in a cave. To Enchafe, £n-tsh&fe^ v. a. To en- rage, to irritate, to provoke. To Enchain, ^n-tshdne^ v, a. To fasten with a chain, to hold in chains, to bind. » To Enchant, in-tshint'. v, a. (79). To subdue by charms or spells ; to delight in a high degree. Enchanter, ^n-tsh&n't&r. s. (98). A magldan, a sorcerer. Enchantingly, ^n Encomiastick, en-ko-m^-As'tik. J a. Panegyrical, containingpraise, bestow- ing praise. Encomium, ^n-k6'in^-ftm. s. Panc- gyrick, praise, elegy. (O^houg^ in cursor}' sjieakinf we fi-ecment* ly hear the e confounded with the short i an the first syllables of encamp, enchant, &c. without any gi-eat ofiencc to the ear, yet such an interchange in encoviiuiny encomi ast, &c. is not only a departure from pro. pricty, but from jwliteness ; and it is not a little' surprising that Mr. Sheridan should have adopted it. The truth is, preserving the e pure in all words of this fonn, whe- ther in rapid or deliberate speaking, is a correctness well worthy of attention. To Encompass, ^n-kiim'pis. V. a. To * enclose, to encircle ; to go round anyplace. Enc oai p A s s M e NT, ^n-kCim'pas-ment. s. Circumlocution, remote tendency to talk. Encore, ong-kAre'. ad. Again, oftcc •more* usual, we have adopted it with the original pronunciation. In other words which we have received from the French, where the nasal vowel has occurred, we have substi- tuted an awkward pronunciation in imita- tion of it, which has at once shown our fond- ness for foreign modes of speakings and our incapacity of acquiring them : thus Cahson has been turned into Cattoon, Ballon into Balloon, Dragon into Dragoon, and Cha- mont (a character in tjje Oi'phan) into Sha* moon i but in tlie word before us, this nasal soimd is followed by c hard, which after n alwavs involves hard g (408) ; and this is precisely an English sound. An Eng;lish- man, therefoi-e, does not find the difcculty in pronouncing tlie nasal sound in this word, vdiich he would in another that docs not adroit of the succeeding hard cm g; as entettdefnent, attentif, &c. ; for if in pro- noimcing the en in these words the tongue should once touch the roof of tlie moutli^ the French nasal sound lyould be ruined. No wonder then tliot aniereEnglish speak- er should pronounce this French word so well, and the rest of the nasal vowels so ill. It does not arise from the habit they con- tract at Theatres, Twhcre it would be the most barbarous ana ill-bred pronunciatioii in the world to call for the rt petition of an English song in plain English), It does not, I say, aripe from custom, but fit>m coin- cidence. The sound, in the word before us, is common to both nations; and thou|^i the French may give it a somewhat hghter sound than\he English, they are both ra- dically ttie same. Adopting this -word, • however, in the Theatre, does the English no manner of credit. Every language oi^ht to be sufficient for all its pui poses. A foreigner who understood ourlanguag^e, but who had never been pi-esent at our dramatic performances, would suppose we had no equivalents in English, should he hear us cry out Encore, Bravo, and Bra>cU9imo, when we only wish to have a song repeated, or to applaud tl»e agility of a dancer. Encounter, in-kodn'tiir. s. (313), . Duel, single fight, conflict ; battle, figlit in which enemies rush against each otlier ; sudden meeting ; casual incident. To Encounter, tn«k^ijn'ti\i'. v. a* To meet face to face ; to meet in a bostUe manner, to rush against in conflict ; to at- ti'act } to oppose ; to meet by accident. To Encountkr, ^u-k66n'tiar. v. n. To rush together in a hostile manner, to confiictj to engage, to fight; to meet face to face ; to cpn^c together b}' chance, Encountebkb, ^n-koun'tCu'-iir, s; ElTD 415 £NB '—ni, BR^ie, fuhf nU'y^^iaatj t&b, bftUs— ^U;««^iuid;— /Ain, this. Onxuient, antaipNU^ enemy s one that torn to accost otliers. To EKcouRAGEf ^n^kftr'rldje. v» a. (90). To animate, to incite to any thing ; to give courage to, to support the spirits, to embolden ; to raise confidence. Ekcouragkment, ^n-kiir'ridje^a^nt. Bw Ineitementto any action orpractice,in- centire ; favour, countenance, support £NcouRAC£R,^n*kdr^rldje-i&r« s. (3 14). One that supplies incitemenU to any thing-, a favourer. To Ekcroach, dn-krAtsh'. v. n. (295). To make invasions upon the right of ano- ther ; to advance mdually and b^ stealth upon that to wbiAr. v.a. To clog,to load, to impedes to load vrith debts. IEncumbrance, £n*kdm'br^nse. s. Clog, load, impediment ; burden upon an estate. EjfCYcucAL, ^n-slk1e-k4l. a. (535). Circular, sent round through a large region Emcycjlopedia, £n-si-kl&-p^'d^-i. s. . The cii^cle of sciences, the roimd of learn- ing.— See Cvci^orEDiAi Ehctstkd, ^D-ftlft^t^. a. Enclosed in a vesicle or bag. Ekd, &id. s. The extremity of any thing ; the conclusion or cessation of any thing ; the conchision or last part of any thing; ultimate state, final doom; final determination, conclusion of debate or deliberation ; death ; abolition^ total loss ; fragment, broken piece ; purpose inten- tion ; thing intended, final design ; an end, erect, as his hair stands an end. To End, ^nd. v. a. To terminate, to conclude, to finish ; to destroy, to put to death. To End, ^ikI. v. n. To come to an end ,* to conclude, to cease. To EnruAMAGE, fen-dimldje. v. a. (90). To mischief^ to prejudice, to harm. To Endavger, 6n-din'j6r. v. ^. To ptit into hazard, to bring into peril ; to mctir the danger of, to hazard. To Ekdkar, ^n-d^^r'. v. a. (227). To make dear, to make beloved. BwPEAKUEKTj^n-d^^r'm^t. s. The i. 8. AplaiA ngles. . >a. Pccu- cause of love, means by which any is endeared ; the state of being enu the state of being loved. Endeavour, dn-d^v'ir. s. (234). La- bour directed to some certain end. To Endeavour, to-d^v'ilr, v. n. To labour to a certain purpose. To Endeavour, £n-dev^dr. v. a< To attempt, to try* Endeavourer, £n-d^v'iir-Ar. a. Ooe who labours to a certain end. £NDBCAGON9^n-dek^a-g6n. s. figure of eleven sides and ang Endemial, ^•de'm^-iL Endemical, in-dim'*.kil. Endemick, ^n-d^m'lk. liar to a country, used of any disease that aflTecU several people together in the sam« cot^try, proceeding from some cause peculiar to the country where it reigns. Ekdbnize, ^n-ddn'lz. v. a. (159), To make fipee, to enfranchise. To Endict, > ji ,1 , rn i_ To Ekoitr, 5 «n^ite'.v.a.Tocharge any man by a written accusation before a court of justice, as he was indicted for felony ; to draw up, to compose ; to dilate. GC/*BeforeJohnsonp^blishedhis Dictionary; these words were universally spelled indict and indite. Tliat great reformer of our language seems to have considh*ed, that as the Latin indicere came to us through the French enditer^ we ought to adopt tlic French rather than the Latin preposition, especially as we have conformed to the French in the sound of the latter part of this word. But notwithstanding his autho- rity, to i7uUcty signifying to charge, stands its ground, and. to indite is used only when we mean to draw up or cqmpose ; in this sense, perhaps, it may not be improper to spell it e?idite, as it may serve to dis- tinguish it from tJie otlier word, so dif- ferent in signification. Endictment, > Enditement, y bill or declaration made in form of law, for the benefit of the com monwealtb . Endive, 6n'div. s. An herb, succory^ Endless, ^nd'i^s. a. Without end, without conclusion or termination; in- finite in duration, perpetual ; incessant, continual. Endlessly, ^nd16s-l^. ad. Incessantly, perpetually ; without termination of length. Endlessness, dnd'lds-n^s. 8. Perpt-tu- ity, endless duration ; the quality of being round without an end. Endlong, tod'l6ng. ad. In a strai^^t line. ^n-dlte'mdnt. s. A ENF 4U PNG £7^ (559).— F&let ar, flUl, £&;—«[&« nit;H.pifie) pb^^ E*»MOST, ^nd'mAst. ad. Remotest, ENFOECKDLT,iii-ttr'Bid-l^. ad. furthest, at the further end. To Endorse, dn-d6r8e'. v. a« To re- gister on the back of a writing, to super- scribe ; to cover on the back. Endorsement, dn-d6rse'in^nt. »• Su- perscription, writing on the back ; ratifi cation. ToENDow,^n-d6{i'.v,a.(3l3). Toen rich with portion; to supply with any exter- nal goods ; to enrich with any excellence. ENDOWMENT,dn-ddA'ni^nt.s« Wealth bestowed to any person or use ; the be stowing or assuring a dower, the setting fortii or scTcring a sufficient portion for perpetual maintenance ; gjifia of nature. To Endue, to-dd'. v, a. To supply with mental excellencies. Endurance, itf-dii'r4nse. 8. Continu- . ance, lasting^ess. To Endure, ^n-dure'. v. a. To bear, to undergo, to sustain, to support. To Endure, 6n-dui'e'. v. n. To last, to remain, to continue ; to brook, to bear. ENDUREa,6n-du'nlr. s.(98). One that can bear or endure, sustainer, sufferer, • continucr, laster. End wi s£, ^nd'wize. ad.Erectly, on end. En e m y, ^n'^-m*. s. A publick fi)e ; a ; private ppponent, an antagonist ; one that dislikes ; m theology, the fiend, the devil. Energetick, en-^r-j^t'ik. a. (530). Forcible, active, vigorous, efficacious. ENERGY,^n'ir-j4.(503). Power; force, vigour, efficacy ; faculty, operation. To Enervate, ^-n^r'vite. v. a. (91). To weaken, to deprive of force. Enervation, ^n-6r-vi'shiln. s. (530). The act of weakening ; the state of being weakened, effeminacy. To Enkrve, ^-n^rv'. v. a. To weaken, to break the force of, to crush. To Enfeeble, in-ffeljl. v. a. (405). To weaken, to enervate. To Enfeoff, ^n-f(fe^r. v. a. (256). To ^ invest with any dignities, or possessions. A law term. Enfeoffment, ^n-f&dfment. s. The act of enfeoffing ; the instnunent or deed by which one is invested with possessions. To Enfetter, ^n-f-^4«ie, t5b, bMl;-6lli--i>66nd;-^^in, this. Ew J oiHBRy&iAln'Ar. s. One who giva V. a. (3«2). To A gull, i put, Belong- To EuorR»,*n-gird enciKle, to surround. Engle, ^ng'gl. s. (4G5) a bubble. ENGLISH, Ing'gUsh. a. (101) injc to England. ToLGLtJT,6n-glAt'.v.a. To swallow up; to glut, to pamper. To Engorge, 5n.g6rje'. t. a. To swal- low, to devour, to gprge. To Engorge, dn.g6rje.v.n.Todevour, to feed with eagerness and voracity. To Engrain, fcn-gr^ne v. a. lo die deep» to die in grain. , /^ x ToENGRAPPLE,£a-grap'P^.v.n.(405). To close with, to contend witli, hold on each other. n^ • ToENGRASP,Sn-grisp'.v.a. To seize, to hold fiwt in the hand. To Engrave, to-grive'.v. a. Preter. Engraved. Part. pass. Engraved or En- n^ven. To picture by incisions m any matter ; to mark wood or stone ; toimpress deeply, to imprint ; to bury, to inter. Engraver, fen-gr^'vAr.s. A cutter m stone or ee injunctions. EitJOiNMENT, in-jAln'mfint. %, Direc- tion, command. x «, /. * To ENJ0T,^n-)6^. V. a. (329). To feel or perceive with pleasure ; to obtain pos- session or fruition of} to please, to glad- den. ^ ,. To Enjot, to-jA*'. ▼. n. To live in happiness. , . ^ i ^ Enjoyer, 6n.j6^'Ar. s. (98). One that has fi-uition. Ekjotment, te-j6*'ni^nt. s. Happi- . ness, fruition. To Enkindle, 4n-k\n'dl. v. a. (405). To set on fire, to inflame ; to rouse pas- sion ; to incite to any act or hope. To Enlarge, dn-Ur]e'. v. a. To make rrcater in quantity or appearance ; to di- fate, to expand ; to amplify, to release from confinement; to difhisc m eloquence. Tx) Enlarge, ^n-llirje'.v.n. To expa- tiate, to speak in many words. Enlargement, ^n-iarje'mfint. s. In- crease, augmenUtion; farther extension ; release fifom confinement or servitude j magnifying represenUtion ; expatiating speech, copious discourse. >iioss, cii-g*vr»», • V. a. -'-- Speech, copiou» ui»uuui G»08S (162). To ^cken, tomakethick; ^.^^^^^^^^^ in-lir'jAr to increase in bulk ; to fatten, to plumpttp ; .^^^ to seize in the gross; ^ purchj^e the ^^g^j^^jeHT, ^n-lltc' wholeofanycommodityfbrthesak^ofscl- lo M:.^i^t ling at a high price ; to copy a large hand. Engrossbb, ^n-gr6s'9{ir. s. (98). He thatpurchaseslarge qaantitiesof any com- mo. To raise, to advance in price ; to raise m esteem; to aggravate. ^ KsH.iKCEMENT, ^-hdnse ment. s. AupnenUtion of value ; aggravauon of lU. F.^iGMA, ^.nlg'm^. s. (92). A riddle, an obscure question. * ,, , ♦, ENIGMATICAL, ^n-lg-m^fWcai. a. (SSOy Obscure, ambiguously or darkly Enigmatically, ^n-lg-m^t'^-k^W. ad. In a sen.se different from that which e*c words in tlieir faraUiar accepUtion imply. , A , .r^ ENiGMiwTisT, ^-nlg'm^-tlst. s. One whodeals in obscure and ambiguous mat- To^'enjoin, to.j6in'. v. a. (299). To direct, to order, to prescribe. V. a. To illuriii- nate, to supply with Ught. To Enlighten, dn-liVn. v. a. (103), To iUurainate, to supply vrith light; tD instruct, to furnish with increase of know- ledge ; to supply with sight. Enlightenek, 6n-li't'n-Ar. s. One that rives light ; instructor. ^ To Enlink, ^n-llnk'.. v. a. To chain to, to bind. To Enlist, fen-llst'. v. a. To cnterinto military service. \ ^r i. x^ cry Tills word is not in Johnson s Vocabul^ ry, but he has used it to explain the w ord to list; Ash has the woi-d to iniht, wli jch, as the word is derived from the French line, a catalogue, is not so properly com, pounded as with the inseparable prcposi- To Enliven, ^n-li'v'n. v. a. (103). To make quick, to make lUive, to ani- mate ; to make vigorous or active ; to make sprightly ; to make gay. Enlivener, dn-li'v'n-ar. s. That which animates, tliat which invigorates. ToEnlumine, ^n-lii'min. v.a. (UO). To illumine, to illuminate. Enmity, dn'm6-t^. s. Unfriendly dis- position, malevolence, avei-sion ; state of 1 opposition ; malice, mischievous attempts. ENR 4ii ENS •3T (5S9).F.^4te, f&r, fill, ftt ;«-4ii£» iii^v--i^ey pla;~^ , ToEnmarble, en-mirl)l. v. a. (405). To turn to mafble. To Enmesh, £n-m£sh'. v. a. To net, to intangle. To Ennoble, ^n-n6'bL v. a. (405). To raise from commonalty to nobiUty; to dignify, to aggrandise; to elevate; to make famous or illustrious. Ennoblement, ^n-n6'bl-m^nt. s. The act of raising to the rank of nobility ; ex altation, elevation, dignity. Enodation, ^n-6-di'shiin. s. (530). The act of untying a knot; solution of a difficulty. Enormity, 6-n6r'm6-t6. s. Deviation from rule ; deviation from right ; atrocious crimes, flagitious villanies. Enormous, ^-nor'mCis. a. (314). Irre- gular, out of rule ; wicked beyond the common measure ; exceeding in bulk tlie common measiu'c. Enormously, ^-n^r'm^-k. ad. Be- yond measure. Enormous NESS, ^-n6r'm&s-n^s« s. Im- measurable wickedness. Enough, ^nAf'. a. (314) (391). Be- ing, in a sufficient measure, such as may satisfy. ENouGH,£-ni^r.s. Something sufficient In greatness or excellence. Enough, ^-nv^f . ad. In a sufficient de- gree, in a degree that rives satisfaction ; an exclamation noting nilness or satiety. Enow, ^-ndd'. a. (322). The plural of Enough. A sufficient number. JC^ This word is growing obsolete, but is not quite so much out of date as the word Mo, signifying a greater number. We still hear some spe&ers talk of having itU enough and pent enow ; but tlie greater part seem now to use enough both for quantity and number ; as niore has been so used for some centuries. To Enhage, ^n-rije'. v. a. To irritate, to provoke, to ma3^e furious. To Enuange, ^n-r4nje'. v.a. To place regularly, to put into order. To Enranr, dn-rdnk'. y. a* To place in orderly ranks. To En RAPT, ^n-ript'. v. a. To throw into an ecstasy, to transport into entliusi- asm. To Enrapture, ^n-dlp'tshAre. v. a. To transport with pleasure. To Enravish, ^n-rav'ish. v. a. To throw into ecstasy. Enravishment, ^n-rivlsh-m^nt. s. Ecstasy of delight. To E^RiCH, &x-rltjh'. v, a. To make wealthy, to make opulent i to fertiiiae, t» make fhiitiiil ; to store, to supply with augmentation of any thing desirable. Enrichment^ ^n-rltsh'mfnt. s. Aug- mentation of wealth i improvement by ad* dition. ToEnridge, en'rldje'. v.a. To (brm with longitudinal protuberances or ridges. To Ekring, 6n-rUig'. v.a. Tobin4 round, to encircle. To Enripen, in-riVn. v. a. (!03). To ripen, to mature. To Enrobe, Sn-r6be'. y. a. To dres6y to clothe. To Enrol, in-r6le'. v. ^. (406). To insert in a roll or register ; to-recordi to involve, to in wrap. Enroller, ^n-roHiir. &• He that en- rols, he tliat registers. Enrolment, ^n-ril'm^nt. s. Register^ writing in which any tiling is recorded. To Enroot, ^-rddt'. v. a.. (306). To fix by the root To Enround, ^n-r6{u\d'. v. a. (312). To environ, to surround, to enclose. Ens, ^nz. s. Any being or eKistence. To Ensanguine, ^n-s4ng'gwln. v. a. (340). To smear with gore, to auSiue with blood. ToENscHEnuLE, An-sdd'ule. v. a. To insert in a schedule or writing.^-See Schedule. To Ensconsb, £n-«k6nse^ v.a. To co- ver as 'mtli a fort. To Enseam, £n^me'. v. a. (227). To sew up, to enclose by a seam. To Ensear, ^n-s^re'. v. a. (227) T* cauterize, to stanch or stop with fire. To Enshield, 4n-sh661d'. v.a. (275). To cover. XoEnsukike, ^n-shrine'. v.a. To en- close in a chest or cabinet, to preserve as a thing sacred. Ensiform, 6n'sd-f6rm. a. Having the shape of a sword. Ensign, dn'slne. s. (385> The (tag or standard of a regiment ; badge, or mark of distinction ; the officer of foot who car- ries the flag. ij^ 1 have given the last syllable of this word the long sound, as I am convinced it is the most correct, though I am of opi- nion that, in the military profession, it is oftener pronounced short, as if written entin. Some reasons from analogy might be produced in favour of tliis latter pro* nunciation (144) ; but they do not seem sufficient to outweigh the more general usage which declares for the former. ENT.' 41$ ENf — ^i^ Bidve, ndr, nAt ;-*4&be, tiA}y biUi ;— 611 ;-^p6{iiid *f^thtn^ this £HSioirBeAREiit^n'fline4>&*rlr. s. He that carries the flar. EN9i6KcT,in'sin-«e. s. The office of an ensign. 03* I have not met with thit word in any of our Dictionaries, but, from its very fre- quent use in the polite world, am persuad- ed it deserves a place there, and particu- larly in a Pronouncing Dictionaiy ; as it imist be remarked, that though the se- cond syllable of Etuign is generally and more correctly pronounced with the i long, the same letter in the same syUable of Ewisncy is always short. To Enslave, 4n-sUve'. v. a. To re- duce to servitude, to deprive of liberty ; to make over to another as his slave. £n8lay£Ment, to-^Uve'md^t. s. The state of servitude, slavery. Cnslaver, ^n-sU'vdr, s. He that re- duces others to a state of servitude. To £xsuE, &i-sA'. V. a. To follow to pursue. To Eksue, to-s4'. V. n. To follow, as a consequence to premises ; to succeed in a train of events, or course of time. £NStJRAKCE,^iHihu'rdnse. s. Exemp- tion from hazard, obtained by the pa}'roent of acertainsom ; the sum paid for security. £nsuranc£r, dn-5h(i'db-sAr. s. He who undertakes to exempt from hazard. To Ensure, ^n-«hure'. v. a. To ascer*- tuB, to make certain, to secure ; to ex- empt any thing from hazard by paying a certain sum, on condition of being reim- bursed for miscarriage. {Xy As this word and its compounds come from the word tvre, they ail retain the as- pirated pronunciation of the «in that word (454) ; and it is not a little surprising that Mr. Sheridan has omitted to mark it. £ksur£r, ^n-shu'rdr. s. One who makes contracts of ensurance. Entablature, to-tdb'li-t^. > Entablement, dn-t^'bl-m^nt* J In architecture, the architrave, frise, and cornice of a pillar. Entail, ^-tilc'. s. (203). The state entailed or settled, with regard to the rule. of its descent; the rule of descent aettled for any estate. To Entail, 6ii-tile'. v. a. To settle the descent of any estate so that it cannot be, by any subsequent possessor, be- queatbed at pleasure. ToExTA^fR, ^n-tteie'. V. a. To tame, to subjugate. To Entahglb, &i-ttog'gl. (405). To ' e^rnvrap cr ensna;^ with 9omeUunff not s. easily extricable ; to twist or confuse ; to involve in difficulties, to perplex. Entavglement, ^n-tiLng'gl-m^nt. s. Intricacy, perplexity, puzzle. Entanolrr, ^n-ting'gl^. s. One that entangles. To Emter, in'tfip. v.a. (98). Togo or come into any place ; to initiate in a business, method or society ; to set down in a writing. To Enter, in'tdr. v. n. To coipe in, to go in ; to penetrate mentally, to make intellectual entrance ; to engage in ; to be ■ initiated in. ' Entering, 6n't£r4ng. s. Entrance, passage into a place. To Enterlace, 6n«t^r41se^ v. a. To intermix. Enterology, in-t6-r6r6-ji. s. The anatomical account of the bowels and in- ternal parts. Enterprise, ^n't^r-prize. s. An un* dertaking of hazard, an arduous attempt. To Enterprise, ^n't^'prize. v. a. To undertake, to attempt, to essay. Enterpriser, in't^r-prl-a&r. s. A man of enterprise, one who undertakes great things. To Entertain, *n-t^r-tAne'. v. a. To converse with, to talk with ; to treat at the table ; to receive hospitably ; to keep in one's service ; to resene in the mind ; to please, to amuse, to divert ; to admit with satisfaction. Entertainer, ^n-t^r-td'niir. s. He that keeps others in his service ; he tliat treats others at his table ; he that pleases, diverts, or amuses. Entertainment, 6n-t^r-tdne'm^Bt.s. Conversation j treatment at the table ; hospitable reception; payments of soldier j or servants ; amusement8,>dlversion ; dra- matick performance, the lower comedy. Entf.rtissuedj ^n-t^r-tlsh'iCide. a. In- terwoven or intermixed with vai-ious co- lours or substances. To Enthrone, ^n-Mr6ne'. v. a. To place on a regal seat ; to invest with sove- reign autliority. Enthusiasm, d»n-/M-zh^-azin. s. A vain belief of private revelation, a vain confidence of divine favour; heat of iroa- p-ination; elevation of fancy, exalUtion of ideas. X? For the prommclation of the third sylla- ble of tliis and the three following words, see Ecdesiastick, and Principles, No. 451. Enthusiast, ^n-rAu'zh^-ast. s. One who vaTnly imagines a private revelation, one who has a vain confidence of hi^ ii.ter>i E NT ¥t^ e:nv fly (559)._F4te, ftr, fill, f&t;-*-i»^ »*t;— phie, pia;~ orexuteaiaeas. Sl'zW-is'tlk.J course vrith God % onie of a hot imaginati- on ; one of elevated fancy, or exalted ideas. ENTHUSIASTICAL,^n-fAu'zh*-is't^ ~ kdl. Ex^THUSIABTICK, ^li'thh! a. -Persuaded of some communication with tlie Deity; vehemently hot in any cause ; elevated in &ncy, exalted in ideas. Enthymeme, 5n'///6-m^ine. s. An ar- gument consisting" only of an antecedent and consequential proposition. To Entice, fin-tise'. v. a. To allure, to • attract, to draw by blandislimcnt or hopes. Enticement, ^n-tise'mfint. $. The act or practice of alluring' to ill ; the means by which one is allured to ill, allurement. Enticer, ^n-ti'sAr. s, (98). One that allures to ill. Ekticingly, ^n-tPsing-l6. ad. Charm- ingly, in a winning manner. Entire, en-tire', a. Whole, undivided ; unbroken, complete in its parts; full, complete ; in full strength. Entirely, ^n-tire'16. ad. In the whole, Without division ; completely, fuUy. Entireness, ^n-tire'n^s. s. Complete- ness, fulness. To Entitle, dn-ti'tl. v.a. (405). To graoc or dignify \vith a title or honourable appellation ; to superecribe or prefix as a title; to give a claim to any thing; to grant any tiling as claimed by a title. Entity, ^n't6-t^. s. Something which really is, a real being ; a particular species of being. ToEntoil, in-t6ir. v.a. To ensnare, to entangle, to bring into toils or nets. To Entomb, dn-t66m'. v. a. To put into a tomb. Entrails, ^n'trlls. s. (208). The in- testines, the bowels, the guts ; the inter- nal parts, recess, caverns. Entrance, dn'trinsc. s. The power of entering into a place ; the act of entering; the passage by which a place is entered, avenue; initiation, commencement; the act of taking possession of an office or dignity ; the beginning of any thing. To Entrance, 6n-trdnse'. v. a. (91). To put into a trance, to withdraw the soul wholly to other regions ; to put into an ecstasy. To Entrap, fin-trip', v. a. To ensnare, to catch in a ti-ap ; to involve unexpected- ly in difficulties ; to take advantage of. To Entreat, fin-trfite'. v. a. (227). To petition, to solicit^ to importune i to prevail upoir by scUcitation ; to 4reit of use well or ill. To Entreat, fin-trite', v. n. To offer a treaty or compact; to treat, to dis- course \ to make a petitifMi. Entreatance, ^i-trfi't4»se. s. Peti- tion, entreaty, solicitation. Entreaty, fin^rfi'tfi. s. Petition,pray- cr, solicitation. En tr y , fin'trfi . s. The passage the nasal vowel tlie French sonnc!, and cxjw. ses himself to laughter by pronouncing ^ after it, as if written on^^ope. This is as ridiculous to a polite ear as ii' he pro- nounced it, as it ought to be pronotmced, like Uie verb to envciop. To Envenom, fin.vfin'6m. v.a. (166}* To poison ; to make odious ; to enrage. Enviable, en'v^ d-bl. a. (405). De- serving en\*y. EHviER,6n'v^-(tr.s.(98). One that en- vies another, a maligner. Envious, in'v^-fis. a. (314). Infected with envf . Enviously, 4n'v6-fts-l^. ad. With envy, with malignitj', with ill-will. To Environ, ^n-vi'rQn. v.a. (166). To surround ; to envelop ; to besiege, to hem in ; to enclose, to invest. Environs, 6n-vi-r6n2', or dn-vi'rfins. s. (166). The neighbouriiood or neigh- bouring places round about the cotmtry. C5*This word is in gt^neral use, and ouj^ht to be pronounced like the English verb to eflwVon.- but the vanity of appearing polite keeps it still in the French pronimci&tion : and as the nasal vowels in the first and last syllable arc not iblloM^-ed by hard c or ^, it is impossible for a mere Eng^lishman to pronounce it fa$Uionably.--^ee £kcork< BF« 4ay BP I - niy oi^ve, nir^ nit H"4Abe» tftb, To £iu7ifE&ATS, ^-n&'m^-rAte. ▼. a. To lecJom up trngly* to. oountover dis- tinctlf. £iruii£i.ATioN, 6*nA-ni£-rA'shdn. 8. The Act of ntunbering^ or counting^ over. To EvuMGiATB, 6-n'^n'8hi*4te. v. a. To declare, to proclum. EjtUNciATiojTf ^-n&n-fth^-d'shAn. s* Declantioii, publick attestation ; intelli- gence, information. ENuirciATivEf ^-ndn'sh^-i-tlv. a. De- claratiTe, expreaaive. EwuKciATivELTt ^-ndn'sh^-l-tlv-l^. ad. See Prosdnciation. Declaratively. £nvoT) ^n'v6^. s. A pubiick minister sent from one Povrer to another i a pub' lick meaaen^er, in di^poity below an am- bassador ; a messenger. To Envy, ^n\6. v. a. See JtfifieruUx. To hate another for excellence or success ; to grieve at any qualities of excellence in another ; to grudge. To Ehv Y, in'v^. V. n. To feel envy, to feel pain at the sight of excellence or fe- Ucity. EwvT, ia'v6. 8. (182). Pain felt and malignity conceived at the sight of excel- lence or hapfnness ; rivalry, competition ; malice. To EswHRtLy dn-wh^ti^ v. a. To en- compass, to encircle. To EvwouBs £Q-w66m^ v. a. To make pregnant; to bury, to h^de. £pACT^ i'pikt 8» A number whereby we note the excess of the common solar jear above the hiaar, and thereby may and out the »gc of the moon every year. Bfaolkcmt, 6-p&wl'mint. s. In forti- ^cation, asidewoi^ made either of earth thrown iqi, of bsj^ of earth, gabions, or of iitfcines and emh. £pxi7THJS8f 8, ^-pi^n'rA^-sls* 8. (503, r.) The addition of a vowel or consonant in the middle of a word. EpHKMEmA, ^-fim'^-rft. s. (92). Afe- venlhat terminates in one day ; an insect that lives only one day. q:;^ I waa much surprised when I found Mr. Sheridan had given the long open sound of e to the second sylUbk of fyhem^roj Ephemeritt &c. If it was in con^pliment tothc*Greek cr«, the same season should have induced him to nve the sound of long e to the first syllable of Memi$tick^ Dmagogae^ and Rhetorick. £pfl&)taaAL, ^-Hhn'^-T^. (S8). ? JBfhemeeiciP, d-ftm'^-rlk. (510). 3 a. DaimalybegioniBi^ and endini^ in a di^.. bfill i~dU ;-»pA6Dd ;— f Ain, thv. Epm£icbri8, ^'fdm'^-rU. a. A journal^ an account of daily transactions « an aco count of the daily motions «id situatioaa of the pUneU. Eph£M£Rist, 6-f(&m'^-rlst. 8. One who consults the planets, one who studies astrology. Epuod, £r6d, or h'ttA. a. An ornament worn by the Hebrew priests. C3* Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston, Narea, and Ash, adopt the first; Entick and Kenrick the last, which, in my opinion, is the best Epi c K, ^p^k. a. Comprising narrationa, not acted, not rehearsed. It is usually supposed to be heroick. EpicEDiuM,£p-^-9i'd£-dm. a. An e]e* gy, a poem uoon a funeral. Epicure, ^p'^-k&re. a* A man given wholly to luxury. EpicuaEAN,dp-^.kA-r^'An.8. One who holds the principles of Epicurus. See European. Epicurean, ^p-£-k&»r£'in« a* Luxur rious, contributing to luxUry. Epicurism, ^p'^-kd-rizm. s. Luxury^ sensual enjoyment, gross pleafurer Epicycle, ip'i-al-kl. s. (405). Alittie circle whose centre b in the cimamfer- ence of a greater, or a smaU orb depen- dant on that of a greater^ as that orUie moon on that of the earth. EpicTCLoin,£p-^-8i\ldld. s, A curve generated by the revolution of the peri- phery of a circle along the ponvex or cpn- cave part of another ci^le. Epidemical, dp^-d^m'i&'-kil. > Epidemick, ip-^rd&n'lk.(509). \ ** That which falls at once upon gteat num- bers of people, as a plague ; generally prevailing, afl[ectjn|^ great num^rs ; ge- nera), umversal." EpiD£RMis,£pf^-d^r'ml8.8. Thescarf* skin of a man's body. Epii^ram, ^p'^rgrim. s. A short poem terminating in a point. Epigrammatic A^, i&p-^-gr&m- mdt'^-k4l. Epiorammatick, ^p-^-grlm- ^ ^ m4tlk. (509.) Dealing in epi j^rams, writing epigrams ; suitable to epigrams, belonging to epi- graijas. EpioRAMMATiST, ^pr^r&m'md-tlst. s. One who writes or deals in epigrams. Epilepsy, £p'^-ldp-8^. s. A convulsive motion of the whole body, or of some of its partsi with a loss of sense. 30 \ EPrt 491 tiiV ^p^-Wp'tlk. a. (509), E^tLSPTICK, Convulsed. Epilogue, *p'6-16g. s. (338). The poem or speech at the end of a play. Epiphant, ^ piPfiL-n6. s. A churcl. festival celebrated on the twelfth day af- ter Christmas, in commemoratioTi of our Saviour's being* manifested to the world, by the appearance of a miraculous blazing •tar. Epiphok&ma, 4p-*-fA-nA'nii. 8. (92). An exclamation, a conclusive sentence not closely connected with the words foreg^ing^. Epiphora, ^-pirf6.riL s. (92). An in- flammation of any part Epiphysis, A-pif^-sis. s. (520). Ac- cretion, the parts added by accretion. Episcopacy, ^-pls'k6-pa-s^. s. The government of bishops, established by the apostles. Episcopal, *-pls'k6-p^. a. Belonging to a. bishop, vested in a bishop. Episcopate, ^-pisTco-pite. 8.(91). A bishoprick. ^ Episode, ^p'i-s6de. s. An incidental narrative, or digression in a poem, sepa- ' rable from the main subject. Episodical, ^p-^-s6d'^-k^!. 3EPISODICK, ^p-6-s6dlk. (509) Contained in an episode. Epispastick, fip-^-spas'tlk. a. Draw- ing ; blisterinjf . Epistle, e-pis'sl. a. (472) -^ee Apostle. Epistolary, fi-pls'to-Ur-A. a. Relat- ing to letters, suitable to letters ; trans- acted by letters. Epistler, d-pislftr. s. (98). A SDrib- bler of letters. Epitaph, 6p'^-tif. s. An inscription upon a tomb-st(Mie. Epithalamium, ip-A-.^M-li'mi-ftm. 8. A nuptial song upon marit&ge. Epit|{EH, ip.-6-M^m. s. A liquid me- dicament externally applied. Epithet, ep'6-^Aet. s. An adjective denoting any quality good or bad. Epitome, 6-pit'A-m^. s. Abridgment, abbreviature. To Epitomise, *-pk'6*mlae. v. a. To abstract, to contract into a narrow space ; to diminish, to curtail. Epitomiser, 6-pit'6-mi-2ftr, Epitomist, i-pit'6-mlst abridger, an abstracter. |pocH,«p;6k,t>r,6^p6k.> . xhetim« RpocflA, ^'6-kl. 5 * A letter. 8. An at which a new carapatation is begnB| from which dates are numbered. kJ" As the last of these words is Latin, ftom the Greek iT«x«fl the Latin accent and quantity on the antepenultimate syUable is preserved by |)oUte speakers » and the first being anglicised, and containing only two syll&les, falls into the quai\tity oi' the ori^naL Buchanan, Kares, and Ash, make the first syllable of Epoch short i hut Perry and Kenrick, in my opinion, make it more properly long. Epode, ip'ode, or, ^'pode. s. The stanza after the strophe and antistroplic. jj^Entick, Scott, Perry, W.Johnston, Ash, and Nares, make the first « short ; but Kenrick makes it long, s^, in my opinion, it ought to be. Epopee, 4p.6-pi'.s. Anepickorhero- ick poem. Epulation, ip-WA'shfin. s. Feast. EpuL0TiCK,dp-ii-l6t'ik. s. A cicatriz- ing medicament. EqUABiLiTt, 6-kwa4)ir^-ti*s. Equa- lity to itself, evanness, uniformity. Equable, c'kwl-bl. a. (405). Equal to iuclf, even, uniform. EquABLY, ^'kw4-bl^. ad. Uniformly, evenly, equally to itself EquAL, A'kwdl.a. (36) (88). Like ano- ther in bulk, or any quality that admits comparison j adequate to any purpose ; even, tmiform ; m jtist proportion j iropar- tial, neutral ; indifierent; equitable, ad- vantageous alike to both parties j apoQ tisc same terms. EquAL, (&'kw&l. 8. One not inferior or superior to another; one of the same age. To^Equ AL, iTcwal. v. a. To make 66nd;— /Ate, TBit.. Satr ATiOtv ^'kw4'fthAn. 8. The invest tigttion of ft mean proportion collected fifpp the extferokies of excets and defect t in algebra, an expression of the same fuanuty in two dUsimilav terms, but of oqaal ralue ; in astronomy, the difference Wtween the time marked by the sun's apparent motion, and that measured by its ibotioQ. Cqu ATOR, i-kwi'tftr. s. (166). A mzt circle, whose poles are the poles or the - worid. It divides the g^lobe into two equid parts, the noTthem and southern hemis- pheres. £qcrATotiiAi^£-kw4.t6'r£4l. a. Per- taining to the ecpiator. Eq\JisTaiAN, ^4Lwis'tr^.tn. a. Ap- pearing on horseback; skilled in horse- manship ; belonging to the second rank in Rome. Ec^ERYj^-kwir'^ j.Mastepof the horse. Ec^uicRURAL, ^-kw^-krdd'r4l.a* Hav- ing the legs of an equal kngth. Equi DISTANT, £-kw6-dis't&nt. a. At the same distance. EquiDisTANTLTf^-kwd-dls'tant-ld.ad. At the- lame distance. EquiVoRMiTY, 6-kwd-f6p'm€-ti. s. Uniform equality. EqujLATERAL,e-kw^-1at'^rr^.a.HaY* ing all sides equal. To EquiLiBRATEf ^-kwWi'br&te. v. a. To baliuice equally. EquiLiBRATioVy <^-kwe-li4)r4'shihi. s. Equipoise. £qi?iLiBRj^'M9 A«-kw^-Ub'Tt-i^in. 8. Ecpiipoise, equality of weight ;. equality of endeiice^ moUres, or poivcrs. ' £<^UIKRCESSART, ^-kW^-n^s's^S-SbT-d'. a. Needed in the ^ame degree. Eat^ii^ocTiAL, £-kw£-n6Vsh4l. (88) ITie line that eficompasses the ^iirorld at an C^ual distance from either pole, to which circle when the sim comes, he makes c<{aal days and niglit*4dl over &e globe, Equihdcti Ai^ ^'kw^-nuk'shdl. a. Per- taining to tlie equinox ; happening about the time of the equinoxes ; being near the equinoctial line. EauivocTiAtLr, ^-kw6-n&k'shftW sd. In the direction of the. equinoctial. Equifax, £'aw^»nAks. s. Equinoxes are the precise iihnes in which the sua enters into the ftrst point of Aries and lobtft; for then, moving exactly under the equinoctial, he makes our days and nights equal ; equinoctial wind. > EHViHVMftR A9ETi ^-Icw^-a^'m^-rant a, Having the same number. To Eqvip, £-kwtp'. V. a. To fiimiili for a horseman ; to furnish, to accoutre, to fit out. EquiPAGE, ^klcw^-pAje. s. (90). Fur- niture for a horseman; carriage of state, vehicle ; attendance, retinue; accoutre- ments, furniture. EquipENDENCT, £-kw£-pinM£nHi^. a. The act of hangfinr in equipoise. Equipment, ^-kwlp'nicnt. s. The act of equipping or accoutering; accoutre- ment ; equipage. Equipoise, ^Icwd-p&ize. s. Equalitj of weight, equilibration. EquipoLLENCE, ^-kwipftn^nse. «• Equality of force or power. Ij* Tlie stronr tendency of our language to an enclitical pronunciation (513), would induce me to give the antepenultimata accent to this and the following word, in opposition to Mr. Sheridan and others ; as no rood reason can be given to the ear; why they should not have this accent, as well as equivalent^ equhoeal^ &c. But |s As^vcdauUiA JEquivcau have the accent on the antepenultimate in Latin, and Mquipolleru on the penultimate, and the number of syllables being the same in both languages, the accent is generally on the^ same syllable (503). Equipollent, ^-kwi-p6ntot. a. Hat* ing equal power of Ibrce. E^utPONDERANCE, £-kw£»p6n'- \ d£p4nse. f EQUIPONl>ERAKCY,^-kwi-p&l'. f ' der-un-s^. J Equality of weight. EQuiPON»ERANt, 6-kw^-p6n'd4r-&t, a. Being of the same weight ToEqciponderate, i-kw^-p6n'd6r» &te . v.n. To weigh equal to any thing. Equipondious, ^-kw^-pdn'd^-As. a. Equilibrated, equal on either part Equitable, fiklcwi-ti-bl. a. (405). Just, d4e to justice ; )oving justice, can- did, impartial. Equitably, ^klLW^-tA-bl^. ad. Justlji impartially. Equity, fik'kw6-t^. s.. Justice, rights hcmesty ; impartiality ; in law, the rules cf decision observed by the Court of Chan- cery. I Equivaleucy, ^*kwiv'v4-l^n-si. 5 .Quality of power or worth. Equivalence, dkwiv'va-lense, Eqi df^t , . >nEQU£VALBNT,i-k\vlv'vi.lint.a. Equal in valut: ; equal in excaUaf)i»«; of the Uaport or meaniag- ^nt 4U EHH jy (559)— FAtc, Equivalent, ^-kwiv'vMiiit. 8#A thing of the same ^eigfit^ dignHy^ or vdue. .Equi voc AL, 6-kwlv'v6-k41. a. Of doubt- ful signification^ meaiung different things \ uncertain, doubtful. EquivocALLr, ^-kwlv'v6-kdl-i« ad# Ambiguously, in a doubtful or double sense ; by uncertain or irregular birth, by generation out of the stated order. Equivoc ALNE89, 6-kwlv'v6-kkI-n&s. s. Ambigiiity, double meaning. ToEquivdcATB, A-kwiv'vo-k4te. v.n. To use words of equal meaning, to use ambiguous expressions. EquivocATioN, A^kwlv-vi-ki'shfin. s. Ambiguity of speech, double meaning. EquivocATOR, ^-kwiv'vA-kA-tdr. s. (521 >. One vrho uses ambiguous language. Era, l«ra. s« The account of time from any particular date or epoch. £r AX^i ation, ^-r&-d^-4'shto. s. (534). Emission of radiance. ToBfRAi>icATB,^-r4(d>-kAte. v. a. To pull up by the root ; to destroy, to end. Eradication, ^-r4d'*-kA'shftn.B. The act of tearing up by the root ; destruction ; the sUte of being torn up with the roots. ERADicATivE,*-rid'*-k4-tiv.a.(512). • That whieh cures radically. To Erase, ^-rist'. v. a. See Rase. To destiHjy, to rub out ; to expunge. Erasemsnt, 6-r4ae'mtot. s, Deatruc'- tion, deraatatioii ; exponctioh, abolition. Ere,- 4re: ad. (84). Before, sooner than. ERB1.0N0, 4re46ng'« ad. Before along time had elapsed^ £renow> 4re-n6(i'. ad. Befqre this time. Erewhile, Are-hwUe'. Erewhiles, Are-hwik'- time ago, before a little To Erect, *-r^kt'. v. a. To place per- pendicularly to the horizon f to raise, to build ; to elevate, to exalt ; to animate, to encourage. To Erect, ^-rikt'. v.n. To raise up- right Erect, ^-rftkt'. a. Upright; directed ' upwaids; bold, confident, vigorous. Erection, ^-r^k'sht&n. s. The act of . raising, or state of bein^ raised upward ; the act of building or raising edifices. Erectness, ^•r^kt'n^s.s. Uprightness of posture. Eremite; dr'^-mite. s. (155)* One who livM ia a wildetnew, an hermit ) while. ftr, fill, ftt ;-^ai^, mAt ;«— pine, pin ^--. Eremitical, ^-^-mit^^Ll]. a. Itdi* giously, solitary. Ereptatioh, ^*rdp44'aihdnl a. A creeping faith. Ereptiok, ^rto'shftn. s. A sDatching or taking away by force. Ergot, er'g6ts.(l66). Asortofstub, like a piece of horn, placed b^hh&d and below the pastern joint ERiNGo,£-'ring'g6.8« Sea-holly, a plant. ERiSTiCAL,^-rls't£«k&l. a. Controver- sial, relating to dispute. Ermive, ^rinln. s« (140). An animal that is found in cold coonlries, and whidi very neariy resembles a weasel m shape ; having a white pile, and the ^p of the tail black, and fomishing a choice and valna- blefor. Ermined, dr^mlnd. a. (362). Clothed with ermine. To Erode, ^-r6de^ v. a*. To canker, or eat away. £RpoATioN,£rT6-g&'shdnu s. The act of ginng or bestowing. Erosion, ^.r6'zh4n. s. (45lV The act of eating away, Uie state of Wng eaten av^y. To Err, ^r. v. n. To wander, to ram- ble ; to miss the right way; to ttra^; to d^ate from any purpose ; to oommit er- rours, to mistake. £RRAKD,&rV4nd.fL Amessage, some- thing to be told or done bjf a messenrer. ^^^ This word is generally pronounced as it is marked ; but might, perhaps, yrHh- out pedantry, be more properly pronounc- ed as it is vmtten. ERRABLR,dr'r4-bl. a. (4P5). liable ta err. EitRABLENEssy^r^ri-bl-n^s. s. Liable- ness to err. Errakt, ^r'rtnt. a. Wandering, rov- ing, rambling; rile, abandoned, com- pletely bad. |C7* l^is word Is generally pronounced, exactly like arrtuit, when it has the aame signification; hut when applied to m. Kj)iglit» it is more correctly {Mronoimee^ regulariy as it is marked. Errantrt, Sr-r&nt-r^. a. An eifant state, the condition of a wanderer t tHr employment of a knight errant. Errata, ir-rA'ti- The phiral of Em- HATUM. The faults of the printer <» au- thor inserted in the beginiiiog or end of the book. Erratic K, dr-riUlk. a. Wandering, uncertain, keeping no certain c»dar« Ir. regular, changetJue. Some ESC 435 ESP — 4iA^ BiAve, nAr, n&t ;'— tftbe, tfibs bflll ;— &11 ;— -pMnd ;— rMn, rms. EBRATiCALtLY, *r-rit'*-k4l-^. ad. mwior by forfeiture, or the de«th of histe- ITithoot Tulc, without method. nant, dying without heir general or en- EiBOJfKous, *rHr6'nA-A8. a. Wander- F£J»j. ,. . ^„ . ^ iDg, iuiBettled ; mUtiking. misled by cr- ^ Thb and the three foUowing words not ^' * "^ beingderived from the learned languages, have the ch pronounced m th^ Engliah manner. To Escheat, is-tshite'. v. a. To &U to the lord of the manor by forfeiture. EscHEATOA, ^s-tshd'tAr. 8.(166). An oftcer that' observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. To Eschew, ds-tshd6'. v. a. To fly, to avoid, to shun. C:^ This word, from its being almost anti- quated, has escaped the criticism of all our orthSepists, except Mr. £lphinston, who contends that it ought to be pronovnced as if written «>«». " No wonder etiew (he ** says), often falsely articulated because "falsely exhibited eschew, was oculariy *' traced from the old tcheoir (afterwaixU ** echoir) to devolve or escheat, rather than •* from esquivert to parry, avoid, or «>«».• *< by those to whom the body of the clnld ** and the soul of the parent were eciually <* unknown." The etymological abiKtiea of this gentleman in the French and Eng- lish laagiia^s are unquestionable } buttlje pronunciation of this word seems fixed to Its orthogpraphy, and beyond the reach of etymolo^ to alter. Words like land lunne a imitation to their rights. When an or- thography and pronunciation have obtain* ed foB a long time, though by a fidse title, it is perhaps better to leave them in quiet possession, than to disturb tlie language by an ancient, thotgh perhaps better claim* Escutcheon, £s4LAt8h%. s. (259). The shield of th« family^ the picture of the ensigns armorial. Escort, is'k6rt, s. (492). Convoy, guard from place to place. To Escort, es-k6rt . v. a« To convoy, to guard from place to place. EscRITOIR,£s-knil-t6re^8. Aboxwith all the implements necessary for writing. EscuACE, ^s^k^'&je. s. (90). A kind of knighOs service. Esculent, es'k^-16nt. a. Good for food, eatable. Esculent, 68lLii4£nt. s. Something^ it for food. Espalier, ds-pil'yip. s. (113). Trees planted and cut so as to join. Especial, ^-sp^sh'^ a. PrincipaU chief. EsPECfALLTy^'^p^sh'il-^. ad. Princi* pally, chiefly. EspER AKc E,^-^^.r&nse.^r(mcA. Hope. Erroneously, ^-rA'ni-i&s-l^« ad. By mistake, not rightly. Erroneousness, ir-T^'n^-dsHi^s. s. Physical falsehood, inconformity to truth. ERR0UR,(^r'rtir.s.(314). Mistake, in- voloAtary deviation from truth ; a blunder, a mistake committed ; roving excursion, irregular course. Erbt, ^rst. ad. First; at first, in the beginning; once, 'when time was ; former- ly, long ago $ before^ till then, till now. E&u RESCEvc E, ^r-rii-b^s's^nse. > Erubescenct^ &r-r(i4)^s's£n-s^. 5 *' (510). The act of mwing red, redness. Erubescent, dr-ra-bds'si&nt. a. Red- f danger. Escape, i-sk4pe'. s. Flight, tl^e a^of getting out of danger ; in law, violent or privy erssioii out of lawful restraint; oversight, mistake. £scbai.ot, skld-l&t'. s. A plant. EscsAR, te^r. s. (353). A hard crust or scar made by hot applications. EscraroticK) 6s-k4-i'6t'ik. a. Caus- tkk, having the power to sear or inim the llesK Escheat, ia^h6te^ s. Any lands, or otiker fnifits, tkKt fall to a lo*d within his EST 4'a6 EST 07^(559).— FAtc, far, fill, fitt;-r«d, mit;-^lnc pbi;~' £«piAL, i-^pi'&l. a. A spy, a scout. Esplanade, £s-pli-n&de'. s. The empty space between the glacis of a cita- del and the first houses oftlie to%¥n. Espousals, £-sp6{i'zais. s. without a sinpfular. The act of contracting- or affi- ancing a man and woman to each other. Espousal, ^-spoi'zal. a. Used in the act of espousing or betrothing. To Espouse, i-sp6(ize'. v. a. To con- tract or betroth to anotlier ; to marry, to wed ; to malntiun, to defend. To Espy, 6-spi'. v. a. To see a thing at a distance ; to discover a tiling intend- ed to be hid ; to see unexpectedly ; to discover as a spy. EsquiUE, ^-skwii^'. s. The armour- bearer or attendant on a knight ; a title of dignity »axid next in degree below a knight To KsBAY, ^s-sA'. v.a. To attempt, to tiy, to endeavour ; to make experiments of J to try the value and purity of metals. EssAT, fes'si. s. (492). Attempt, en- deavour; a loose perfoiTnance ; an in'ej^- lar indigested piece ; an easy, free kind of composition ; a trial, an expetiznent. Essence, ^s's^nse. s. Existfciice, the Suality of being; constituent substance ; be cause of existence ; the venr nature of any being ; in medicine, the chief pro- perties or virtues of any aimple, or com- position collected in a narrow compass ; perfume, odour, scent To Essence, ^s's^nse. v. a. To per- fume, to scent EssBNTiALt^s-sdn'shal. a. Necessary to the constitution or existence of any thing ; important in the highest de^e, principal; pure, highly rectified, subtiUy elaborated. C? What has been observed of the word efface is applicable to this word : the same reasons have induced me to differ from Mr. Sheridan in tlie division of e«/ec/a/, etpcutalt utabUihy &c. as I have no doubt, in words of this form, where the two first consonants are combinable, thfct they both go to the second syllaUe, and leave the ▼owel in the first long and open. Essential, ^s-s6n'shdl.s« Eicistence; first or constituent principlea ; the chief point Essentially, ^s-s^n'shAl-1^. ad« By the constitution of nature. Essoin, ^s-s^in^ s. AUegement of an excuse for him that is summoned, or sought for, to appear j excuse, exemption. To Establish, ^-stib'lish. v. a. To settle firmly, to fix muOie^rahly ; ^ found. to build flraaly* to fix iinnimvaBly; ^ make settlement of any inheritance. Establishment, ^-st&b'llsh-m^nt. p. Settlement, fixed state; sfettledregiilation, form, model ; allowance, income, salary. Estate, ^-st&te^ s« The general in- terest, the publick ; condition of life ; for- tune, possession in land. To Esteem, ^^st^^m'. v. a* To set a value, whether high or low, upon any thin^^ ; to prize, to rate high ; to hold la opinion, to think, to imagine. Esteem, i-st^im. s. High value, re- verential regard. Esteemer, ^-st^^m'i^. s. One that highly values, one that sets a high rale upon any thing. Estimable, ^s't£-in&-bl. a. (405). Va- luable, worth a large price; worthy of esteem^ luforthy (^honoiu*. EsTiMABLKNESs, ^s't^-ma-bl-n^s. s. The quality of deserving regard. To Estimate, ^'t6-roite. v. a. To rate, to adjust the value of; to judge of any tiling by its proportion to something else ; to calculate, to compute. Estimate, ^s'tt-mite.s. (91). Com- putation, calculation ;' value ; raluation, assignment of proportioned value ; opi- nion, judgment ; esteem^ regard, honour. EsTii«ATioN, ^s-tt-mi'shnn. s. The act of adjustiTif^ proportioned value ; cat- ^ culation, computation; opinion, judg- ment ; esteem, regf»rd, bonotir. Estimative, es'td-ma-tlv. a. (512). Having the power of comparing and ad- justing tlie preference. EsTiMATOti, fe't^-mA-tfir. s. (521). A setter of rates. EsTivAL, ^s't^-v4l. a. (88). Pertain- ing to the summer; continuing for the summer. T« Estrange, ^-str^nje^ v. a. To Iccep at a distance, to witl^draw ; to alien- ate from affection. Estrangement, ^-str4nje'm^nt. s.. Alienation, distance, removal. EsTR4PAnE, ^s-tr4-pAde'. s. Tlic de- fence of a horse that win not obey, who rises before, and yedu fiurious with his hind legs. EsTREPEMENT,6-stpW«p'mint.s. SpoU made by the tenant for term of life upon any lands or woods. EsTRicH, ^'tritsh. s. The largest oC birds; properly QsT a i€B. EstiJary, Sb'tsh{i-4-r^. s. (461). An arm of the sea, tlie moitth of a lake cir XWe in vhich th» tififi ebbs and A»ws . ETI 497 EVA "•m^Arm^^ nir, aAt ;--*dBie, tAb» bftII;--*AU;^-p&&Dd;~;/iiii, this. To EsTUATE, &^tah6-Ate. ▼. a. (•!) To swell and fall reciprocaHy, to Ix^. EsTtfATios^ ^&-tsh6>-4'sh^D. s. The sute of boilings recipnicatioii of rise and £s0RZEVT, £-2&'r6-tot. a.(479). Hun gry, Toracioiis. EsuaiBE, ixh'i-rinc. a. (479). Cor- roding, eatingp. Etc. ^t-s^'^-r&9 See. A contraction of t^ Latin words £t atterot which signi- fies And so of the rest. -To Etch, itsK. v. a. A way used in making of i;innts, by drawing with a pro- per needle upon a, copper-plate. BTfiavAL, ^-t^r'niL a. Without be* ginivng or end; unchangeable. ETEaNAL,i.i6r'n4l.8. One of the ap- pellatioDS of the Godhead. £T£g]rALi5T,^-tdr'n4[-iist.8. One that holds the past existence of the world infi- nite. To Etebitalize, i-tSr'ndl-Hze. v. a. To make eternal. ETKRNALLY,^-t*r'nM-l*,ad. Without beg'mningor did ; unchangeably, invaria- bly. ETERNEjA-t^ro'.a. Eternal, perpetual. Etebnitt, d^tfir'n^-t^. s. Duration without beginxiing <»* end ; duration with< oat end. To Efii.aNizE, ^-tdr'nize. v. a. To make endless, to perpetuate ; to make for ever famous, to immortalize. Ether, ^'thir, a. An dement more fine and subtile than air, air refined or sub' limed; the matter of the highest regions above ; a chjrmical preparation. ETUEigEAL,i-M&'r^-il.a.(88). Form- ed uf ether; celestial, heavenly. ETHEaEor5,i./Ad'r^.as. a. Formed 6f ether, heavenly. Ethical, 5/A'^-kil. a. (88). Moral, treating on morality. ETHicALLY,d/A'^-kiW. ad. According to the doctrines of morality. Ethick, lth^]k. a. Moral, delivering precepts of morality. ETHiCKSj^'A'iks. s. without the singu- lar. The doctrine of morality, a system of morality. Etbn ICE, ^fh'n\k, a. Heathen, Pagan, not Jewish, not Christian. ETHHxcESy^^'nlks. 8. Heathens. Etkolocical, dM-6-l(Wje'*-kll. a. (530). Treatineofmora^ty. ExioLocT,^-t^^r6-j^. s. An account of tl» causes tif any thing, generaBy of a ^stemper. Etiquette, a-^-kit^ s. (415). Tlie polite ibrm or manner of doing any thing s the ceremonial of ^;ood manners. OCjThis word crept into use some years after Johnson wrote his Dictionary, nor have I found it in anv other I have consulted. I have ventured, however, to insert it here, as it seems to be established ; and :is it is more specifick than certmonialy it is cer- tainly of use. Etymological, it-^-mWodje'i-kll. a. Relating to etymology. Etymologist, ^t-^-m6l'j6. s« The de- scent or derivation of a word from its origi- nal, the deduction of formations from the radical word ; the part of grammar which delivers the inflecticrfis of nouns and verbs. To Evacate, i-vA'kAte. v. a* To empty out, to throw out. To Evacuate, 6-vdk'ii-4te. v. a. To make empty, to clear $ to void by any of the excretory passages ; to quit, to with- draw from out of a place. EvAcuANT,^-vliL'ii-dnt 8. Medicine that procures evacuation by any passage. EvACUATioN,£-vdk-Li-A'sbi^«s. Such emissions as leave a vacancy ; discharge ; the practice of emptying the body by phy- sick; discharges of the body by any vent * natural or artificial. To Evade, i-v4de'. v. a. To elude; to avoid ) to escape or elude by s(^4ustry. To Evade, A-vAae'« v. n. To escape^ to slip away ) to practise sophistry or eva- sions. Ev AG ATioN, ^v-i-gi'shAn. 8. The act of wandering, deviation. OC^ I am well aware that this and the two, fallowing words are often, by good speak- ers, pronounced witli the e m the first syllable long and open, but I think ccmtra- ry to that correctness which arises firom general analogy (530). Evanescent, ^v-4-nds'8tot. a. Va- nishing, imperceptible. Evangelical, ^v-^-j^l'^-kdJ. a.* Ag^eable to gospel^ conscmant to the Ckristian law revealed in the holy gospel^ contained in the gospel. Evangelism, i-vin'j6-lizm. s. The promulgation of the blessed gospel. Evangelist, d-vun'ji-list. s. A writer of the history of our Lord Jesus ; a pro- mulgator of the Christian laws. To Evangelize, 6-v&n'ji-Iize. v. a. To mstruct in the gospel, or law of Jesus. Eyanid, d-v4n'id. a. Faint, weak, evanescent. EVE 42t E UG Vr (559).~Fite, ar, fSlI, fit ;— iii£, mft ;— plae, pin \^ EvAPORABLE, i-vip'6-ra-bl. a. (405). Easily dissipated in fumes or vapours. To EvAPORATii, i-vlp'6-r4te. v. n. (91). To fly away in fiimes or vapours. To Evaporate, d-vdp'6-r4te. v. a. To drive away in fiimes ; to give vent to ; to let out in ebullition or sallies. Evaporation, ^-vHp-o-ri'shfln. s. The act of flying' away in fumes and vapours ; the act oVattenuating matter, so as to make it fume away ; in pharmacy, an operation by which liquids are spent or dinven away in steams, so as to leave some part stron- g^r than before. Evasion, 6-vA'zhtin. s. (49). Excuse, subterfuge, sophistry, artifice. Evasive, ^-vi'siv.' a. (1 58) (428). Practising evasion, elusive ; cpntainingsin evasion, sophistical. Eucharist, yCilii-rist. 8. (353). The act of giving thinks, the sacramental act in which the death of our Redeemer is commemorated with a thankful remem- brance; the sacrament of the Lord's Sup- per. Evcuaristical, y{l4c&-rls't^«kil. a. Containing acts of thanksgivings; relating to die sacrament of the Supper of theLord Euchology, yii-k6r6-j6. s. A formu- lary of prayers. EircRASY, yA'krd-s*. s. An agreeable well-proportioned mixture^ whereby a body is in health. IvENflvn.? ^ The close of the day; the vi^il or fast to be observed befote an holiday. Even, ^'vn. a. ( 103). Level, not rug- ged; uniform, smooth; equal on both aides ; without any thint^ owed ^ calm, not subject to elevation or depression \ capa- ble to be divided into equal pacts. To Even, i'vn. v. a. To make ^ven; to make out of. debt ; to make level. Even, A'vni ad. A word of strong asaertions, verily; supposing that; not- withstanding. EvENHANOEu, ^^vn-h^'d^d. a. Im« partial, equitable. EvKNiNG, 6'vn-ing. s. The close of the day, the beginning of night. Evenly, d'vn-1?. ad. Equally, uni- formly; smoothly; impartialiy, without favour, or enmity. Evenness ife'vn-n^. s. State of be- ing even ; uniformity, regularity ; equality of surface, levelness ; freedom from inch- nation to either side $ calmness, freedom ^m perturbation. Eventide, ^vn-tide. s. The time ef evening. Event, ^rv^nt'. s. An incident, any thing that happens; the consequence of an action. To Eventerate, ^-v^n't&-r&te« v» ju To rip up, to open the belly. Eventful, i-v^nt'fftl. a. . FuU of ia- cidents. To Eventilate, i-v^n't^-lite. v. a« To winnow, to sifl out ; to examine, to discuss. Eventual, d-v^'tsh{t*&]. a. Hap- • pening in consequence of any things con- sev^uentiaL Eventually, ^•vin'tshA-dlrlL ad. In the event, in the last result. Ever» dv'ftr. ad. (98). At any time ; at all times ; for ever ; a word of enforce- ment, As soon as ever he bad dpne it \ it is often contracted into e'er. EvERBUBBLiNc, £v-flr-bdbOhig. a. Boiling up with perpetual munnurs. Everburning, dv-(ir-b&r'ning. a. Un- extinguished. «^ '« EvERDURiNG, dv-{lr«d{i'rhig« a. Eter- nal, enduring without end. EyEROREEN,^v-^-gr££n'. a. Verdant throughout the yeiir. Evergreen, ^v'fir-gr^^n. s. A pfent that retains its verdure throughout sll the seasons. Ever HONOUR ED, ^v-ir-6n'nftrd. a. Always held in honour. Everlasting, dv-i&r-Ids'tlng. a. Last- ing or enduring without end, perpetual, immortal. Ever lasting, £v-Ar-lds'ting. a. Eter*> nity. Everlastingly, ^v-i^r-UU'tlng-l^. ad. £temally, without end. EvERLASTINGNESS,dv* Ewer, yu'ilr. s. (98), A vessel in which water is brought for washing the hands. EwRY, yii'rd. s. An office in the king's household, where they take care of the linen for tl)e king's tabic?. Ez, d*ks, or b^, A Latin preposition often prefixed to compounded words; some- times meanln? nuf, as c:^liaust, to draw out 03*The X in this inseparable preposition is, with respect to souiid, under the same pre- dicament as the s in jD/j, which see (425). To Exacerbate, egz-is'^r-bite. v. a. To embitter, to exasperate. ExACKRBATiox, ^gz-is-er-bi'shtjn. s. ' Encrcasc of malignity, augmented force or severity. JlxACERVATioN, ^gz-dS-s^r-vi'shun. s. The act of heaping up. Exact, 6gz4kt'. a. (478). Nice; methodical; accurate; honest, strict, punctual To Exact, egz-akt'. v. a. To require authoritatively ; to demand of right. To Exact; ^gz-akt'. v. n. To practise extortion. -m^, mit; — ^pine, pin; — ExACTEK, ^gz-ilk'tir. s. (98). Ex- tortioner, one who chums more than his due ; one who is severe in his injunctions or his demand.s. Exaction, 6gz-akt'shun.s. Extortion, unjtiflt demand ; a toll, a tribute severely levied. Exactly, ^*gz-akt'R*. ad. Accurate- ly, nicely. Exactness, ^gz-akt'n^s. s. Accura- cy, nicety; regularity of conduct, strict- ness of manners. To Exaggerate ^gz-adje'6-rite. v. a. To heighten by representation. Cj'This word is sometimes heard with the double ^ hard, as in dagver; but every one who has a scrap of Latin knows that «c- aggerate comes from exaggero^ and thiit all words from that language have the ^ soil |kefore e and iV the third syllable, therefore, must have tlic g soft But it will be said. that, according to the kws of pronuncia- tion, the first^ouglitto be hard as the first c is mflaccid^iccity,hc. To which it mav be answered, that, strictly speaking, it ought to be so ; but polite usage has so fixed the first as well as the List^ in the soft sound, that none but a confirmed pedant would have the boldness to pronounce them dif- ferently. This usa^ too wc find is not without all foundation in analogy. Wherever there is a considerable difficulty in keeping sounds separate, they will infallibly ran into each otlier. This is obsenable in the sound of *, which, when final, always adopts the sound of z when a flat consonant precedes (434); the firsts likewise in the termina- tions teuionf miuicn, &c. necessarily runs into the sound of ♦A like last *.- but it may be said, that the first g in exaggerate has no such relation to the second ajj * has lo sh; and that this very difference between the two consonants makes us preserve tlie first cin^cc/Vand «cc;f>' in its hard smuul of i-, which is perfectly distinct from the other sound of c, which is nothing- more than *. To this it can only be repbed, bv way of mitigation, that hard ^and soft g or j are formed nearer together in ihr mouth than hard c or i and soft c or #,• xrA therefore, as they are more liable to coa- lcsce,their coalescence is more excusable , Exaggeration, ^gz4dje-i-r4'shAn. s. The act of keeping together ; hyperboli- cal amplification. To Exagitate, i&gz-adje'6-t4te. v. a. To shake, to put in motion. ExAGiTATioN, ^gz-adjc-^-t^'shfin. s. The act of sliaking. To Exalt, ^gz-Mt'. v. a. To raise on high ; to elevate to power, wealth, or dignity ; to elevate to joy w confidence ; to praise, to extol, to magnff)' j to elevate in diction or sentiment Exaltation, dgz-^-ti'shiin. s. The act of raising on high ; elevation in pow- er or dignity ; most elevated stale ; sUte of greatness or dignity. ' ExAMEN, ^gz-i'mcn. s. (503). Ex- amination, disquisition. ExAMiNATE, ^gz-4iri'e-nite« s. The person examined. Examination, igz4m*6^4'slifin. s. The act of examining by questions, or experiment. ExAMiNATOR, ^gz4m' To drain, to diminish; to draw out total- ly, to draw out till nothing is left. Exhaustion, ^gz-hiws'tshAn. s. (464). The act of drawing. Exhaustless, 6gz-h4wst'lds. a. Not to be emptied, inexhaustible. To Exhibit, ^gz-hlblt. v. a. (478). To offer to view or use, to offer or pro- pose ; to show, to display. Ex hi BITER, ^gz-hib'it-Ar. s. He that offers any thing. Exhibition, ^ks-h^-blsh'dn. 's. • The act of exhibiting, display, setting forth i allciwance, salarv*, pension. To Exhilarate, igz-hll'A-rite. r. a. To make cheerful, to fill with mirtli. Exhilaration, igz-hll'^-ri'shtin. s. The act of giving gayety; the sUtc of being enlivened. To Exhort, ig2-h6rt'. v. cu To incite by words to any good action. ExHORTATiON,^ks-h6r-ti'sh]}A6nd ; — r/nn, tuis. Demand^ Exic CATION, £k-slk-k&'shAn. s. Acl of diving up, state of being dried up. ExiccATivE, ek-slk'ka-tiv. a. (512). Dr>ing in quality. £xiG£xc£,lk's^-j^nse, > ExioENc Y»^k's£.j^n^. 5 want, need ; pressing necessity, distress, sudden occasion. £xic£XT^ ek^s^-j^nt. s* Pressing bu- smcfts, occasion that requires immediate help. ExiGu ITT, ^ks-^^^^-t6. 8. Smtdlness, dinunutiYeness. £xiGuo\;s, £gz-lg'&-i&8. a. Small, diminutiTe, little. ExiLK, ^ks'ile. $. Banishment, state of being banished; the person banished. (Hj* This word, as a substantive, has the ac- cent always on the first syllable ; as a verb, it was formeriiy accented oo either sylla- ble ; but It is now, as Mr. Nares observes, universally accented as the noun. Exile, ^g-zile^ a. (178). Small, slender, not full. |C7* This word, as an adjective derived from the Latin exi/it, is, by Nares, She- ridan, Ash, and Entick, accented on tlie last syllable. The third edition of John- son's folio edition has the accent on the last also ; but tlie quarto has it on tlie first. Authority is certainly on the side of the ultimate accent ; but it may be questioned whether it is not contrary to analogy, for the penultimate i being long in Latin, has no necessary influence on the English w jrd, any more than it has on kottiie, «m7e, Sec. To Exile, Sg^Ue'. v. a. (492). To banish, to drive from a countr}'. ExxLEMEtfT, ^g-zile'm6nt. s. Banish- menL ExiLiTioN, dks-^-lbh'&n. s. Slender- ness, smallness. BxiMiovst ^-zlm'^-^is. a. Famous, eminent. To Exist, ^g-zist'. v. n. (4r8), To be, to hare a being. ExiST£KCE,^g-7ls't£nse. > g . £xisT£NCT, 6g-zls't^n-s^. 3 of being, actual possession of being. ExisTEKT,eg-zls't^nt. a. In being, in possession of being. £ElSTIMATIO^*, ^g-zis-t6-m4'shiin. s. Opinion, esteem. Exit, ^kslt s* The term set in tlie m argin of plays to mark the time at which the player goes off; departure, act of (j'litting the theatre of life. ExitiaL, (:jrzAsWyk\. (113). ExiTious, ^gz-ish'yfls. Destructive, fatal, mortal. Exodus, ^ks'6-dfis. ? t\ -^ journey irom a place ; the second book of Moses is so called, because it de- , scribes the journey of tlie Israeli^s from Eg}pt ExoLETE, £ks'6-l^te. a. Obsolete ; out of use. To ExoLVE, 6gz-6lv'. V. a. To loose, to pay. ExoMpHALos, ^gz-6mTa-I6s. s. A navel rupture. To Exonerate, £gz-6n'£r-4te. v« a. To unload, to disburden. Exoneration, ^gz-6n-^r-4'sh{in. s. The act of disburdening. Ex OPT A RLE, ^z-6p't£>bl. a* Desira- ble, to be sought witli eagerness or desire. ExoRADLE,6ks'6-ri4-bl. a« (40d). To be moved by intreaty. Exorbitance, ^z-or1>d-tinse» > Exorbitancy, ^z-ir'b^-tin-si. J ^' Enormity, gross aeiiation from rule or right; extravagant demand; boundless depravity. Exorbitant, ^gz-^r'bi-tant. a. Encr- mous, beyond due proportion, esceasire. To Exorcise, ^ks'6r-size. v. a. To ad- jure by some holy nam6 ; to drive awar by ceitain forms of adjuration ; to purify from the influence of malignant spirits. ExoRcisER,^ks'6r-sl-zilr. s. One who practises to drive away evil spirits. ^Exorcism, eks'6r-3izm. s. The fonn of adjuration, or religious ceremony by which e^nl and maUgnant spirits are driven away. Exorcist, 6ks'6r-sist. s . One who by adjurations, prayers, or religious acts, drives away malignant spirits. ExoRniuM,dgz-6r'di-Am.s. A formal preface, tlie procmial part of a composi- tion. ExoRNATiON,dks-6r-n&'shijn.s.Orna. ment, decoration, embellishment. ExossATED, £gz-6s'ba-tM. a. Depriv- ed of bones. E X ossEo u 3, dgz-5sh'shd-^s. a. Want- ing bones, boneless. Ex osTosi s, dks-5s-t6'sis. s. (520). Any protuberance of a bone that is not natural. (^- 1 have in the accentuation of this word differed from Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, and Dr. Ash, uAd have adhered to a Me- dical Dictionai'y, which places the ac- cent regularly on Uie penultimate. EXP 436 EXP 37^ (559).— F4te, fir, M, fit ;— mi, mit ;-^tee, pin ;— ExoTicK, dgz-6t'ik. a. Foreign, not produced In our own country. To Exp AN D, dk-spand'. v. a. To spread, to lay open as a net or sheet ; to dilate, to spread out every way. Expanse, ^k-spinse'. s. Abody wide- ly extended without inequalities. ExPANSiBiLiTY,^-spin-s*-biri-t6. s. Capacity of extension, possibility to be ezpandecL Expansible, ik-spdn'si-bl. a. Capa- ble to be extended. Expansion, iks-pdn'shAn. s. The state of being expanded into a wider surface; the act of spreading out ; extent ; pure ^pace. Expansive, iks-pdn'siv. a. (428). Having the power to spread into a wider surface. To Expatiate, ik-spi'sh^-ite. v. n. (542). To range at large i to enlarge up- on in langpiage. To Expect, dk-spekt'. v. a. To have a previous apprehension of either good or evil ; to wait for, to attend the coming. Expectable, ik-sg^k't4-bl. a. To be expected. Expectance, dk-spik'tanse Expectancy, ik-spik'tdn*. J-s. The act or state of expecting ; something ex- pected; hope. Expectant, 4k-spik't4nt. a. Waiting 'in expectation. Expectant, dk-sp^k'tAnt.s. One who waits in expectation of any thing. ExpECTATioN,dk-sp^k-ta'sh{in. s. The act of cxpecling; the state of expecting either with hope or fear, prospect of any tiling good to come; a state in which something excellent is expected from us. ExpECTER," ^k-spdk'tilr. s. One who has hopes of something; one who waits ibr another. To Expectorate, dks-pdk't6-r4tc. . V. a. To eject from the breast. Expectoration, ^ks-pdk-t6-r4'sh: The act of dischars^ng from the breasi j ■} the discharge which is made by coughing. Expectorative, 6ks-pik't6-r^-tiv. a. (512). Having the quality of promoting expectoration. Expedience, Sks-p^'dWnse. Expediency, ^ks-p^ 'd^-6n-s^ . (376). Fitness, propriety, suitableness to an end ; expedition, adventure ; haste, despatch. Expedient, ^ks-p6'dt-6nt, or ^x-pi'- j6-dnt. a. (293). Proper, fit, conve-, nient, suitable ; qiiicl:, e:\pcditiou'j Expedient, fik»-pd'd6-^nt. 8. That which helps forward, as means to an end ; a shift, means to an end contrived in an exigence. Expediently, 6ks-p&'d^-^nt-ld. ad. Fitly, suitably, conveniently; hastily, quickly. lo Expedite, ^ks'p^-dite. v. n. To facilitate, to firee from impediment; to hasten, to quicken ; to despatch, to issue from a public office. Expedite, ^ks'pi-dlte. a. Quick, has- ty, soon performed; eiisy, disencumbered, dear ; nimble, active, agile ; light armed. ExpEDiTELY, iks'p^-dite-1^, ad. With quickness, readiness, haste. Expedition, i^ks'pd-dish'^. s. Haste, speed, activity ; a march or voyage with martial intentions. Expeditious, 6ks-p^-dlsh'Qs. a* Speedy, quick, swift To Expel, iks-p^r.,v. a. To drive out, to force, away ; to banish, to drive from the place of residence. ExPELLER, ^ks-p^l'lAr. s. One that expels or drives away. To Expend, ^ks«pind'. v, a. To lay out, to spend. Expense, ^ks-p£nse'. s. Coftt, charges, money expended. ExpENsEFULj^ks-pinse'fU.a. Costly, chargeable. ExpENS£LESs,^ks-pdnse'l£s. a. With- out cost Expensive, ^ks-pte'slv. a, (428). Given to expense, extravagant,luxurMm«f costly, requiring expense. ExpEN8ivELY,^ks-p^n'siv-lA.ad.With great expense. EXPENSIVENESS, ^ks-p^^slv-O^S. 8. Addiction to expense, extravagBOCC ; costliness. Experience, iks-pi'r^-toae. s. Prac- tice, fi-equent trial; knowledge gained by trial and practice. To Experience, ^ks-p6'rWnse. v.a- to try, to practise ; to know by practice. Experienced, ^ks-p£V^-^nst. part* a. Made skilful by experience ; wise by long practice. • Expeuienc ER4ks-rp6'p^^n-s{ir.s.Onc who makes trial ; a practiser of experi- ments. Experiment, ^ks-p^y^-ra^nt. 3. Trial of any thing, something done in order to discover an uncertain or unknown eflect. Experimental, ^ks-p^r-4-nadn'tAl. a- Pertaining to experiment ; buUt opon ex- perimeot ; known by experiAient or trial EXP 437 EXP Ex^KKiMENTALLT, Aks-pir-^-min'tU- U. ad. By experience, by. trial. Experimenter, iks-pdr'A-m4n-tdr. s One wlio makes experiments. Expert, £ks-p^rt'. a. Skilful; ready, dexterous. ^ ^ ^ Expertly, iks-pdrtlA. ad. In a skil- ful ready manner. ExpERTNEss, ^ks-p^rt'nds. a. Skill, readiness. . . ^ ExpiABLE, iks'p6^-bl. a. (405). Ca- pable to be expiated. To Expiate, ^ks'p^-ite. v. a. To an- mil the gu'ilt of a crime by subsequent acts ofpjety, to atone for; to avert tlie tbreais of prodigies. JtxpiATioN,&ks-pfe-i'shiin. 8. The act of expiating or atoning for any crime ; the means by which we atone for crimes, atonement ; practices by which ominous prodigies were averted. Expiatory, ^ks'p^A-tftr-^. a. (512) Having the power of expiation.— For the 0, see DoMESTiCK. ExPiLATioK, 4ks-p^-I4'shAn. s. Rob- bery. Expiration, iks-p^-ri'shAn. s. The act of respiration which thrusts the air out of fhe lungs; the last emission of breath, death, evaporation, act of fuming oat { vapour, matter expired j the conclu noa of any limited time. To Expire, ik-spire'. v. a. To breathe out ; to exhale, to send out in exhalaUons. To Expire, ^knipire'. v. n. To die, to breathe the last ; to conclude, to come to an end. To ExPLAiw, ^ks-pline'. v. a. To expoimd, to illustrate, to clear. Explainable, ^ks-pline'a-bl. a. Ca- p«Ue of being exphuned. Explainer, ^ks-pline'&r. s. Expo- tttor, inteqweter, commentator. ExPLANATioN,^ks-pla-ni'shCin.s. The act of explaining or interpreting; the sense given by an explainer or interpreter. ExPi-ANATORT, ^ks-pl^'&-tAr-6. a. Containing exi>lanatlon.— For the o, see DoMBSTicK, and Principles, No. 557. Expletive, ^ks'pl^-tlv. s. (157). Something used only to take up room. Explicable, fiks'pl^ki-W. a. Ex- plainable, possible to be explained. To Explicate, ^ks'pl6-kAte. v. a. To unlbld, to expand ; to explain, to clear. ExPLiCATioN,^ks-pl^-ki'shto. s. The act of opening, unfoldingorexpandingjlhc .•p6^d ;*-^Ain, this. act of explaining, interpretation, explana- tion ; tlic sen^e given by an explainer. Explicative, ^ks'pW-kA-tiv. a. Hav- ing a tendency to explain. 03* I have differed from Mr. Sheridan in the accentuation of this word. He has placed the accent on the second syllabic, with the authority of every Dictionary, and of everj' good Speaker, against him. In the first edition of this Dictionary, when I supposed Mr. Sheridan's accentuation of this word agreeable to analogy,! did not recollect the verb to f x-^jcaf^ whence it,is derived, and which, in my opinion, ought to determine itsaccentuation.-See Principles, No. 512. Dr. Johnson, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Dr. Kenrick, Dr. Ash, Entick, and Barclay, phure the accent on the first syllable, as I have done. Explicator, ^ks'plfe-ki-tAr. s. Ex- pounder, interpreter, explainer. Explicit, eks-plls'it. a. Unfolded, plain, clear, not merely by inference. Explicitly, iks-plis'it-16. ad. Plainly, directly, not merely by inference. To Explode, iks-pl6de'. v. a- To drive out disgracefully with some noise of contempt ; to drive out with noise and violence. ExPLODEi, iks-pW'dflr. s. An hisser, one who drives out with open contempt. Exploit, £k8.pl61t'. s. A design ac- complished, an achievement, a successful attempt. To ExpLORATEjiks-plA'rdte. v. a. To search out. Exploration, ^ks-plA-r^'fthAn. s. Search, examination. Explorator, iks-plA-rA'tAr. s. One who searches ; an examiner. Exploratory, ^ks-pWr^i-tfir-^. a. Searching, examining. dJ- In this word, as in Declaratory, we may perceive the shortening power oK the pre- antepenultimate accent ; which, like the antepenultimate, when not followed by a diphthong, shortens every vowel but u (511) (535). , , , « X To Explore, ^ks*pl6re', v.a.(5Q3,nO To try, to search into, to examine by trial. Explorement, 6ks-pl6re'in^nt. 8* Search, trial. Explosion, 6ks-.pl6'zhAn, 8. The act of driving Qut any thing, with noise and violence. , . ExPL0SivE,^kS.plAslv.a.(158)(428). Eiriving out with noise and violence. To Export, 6ks-p6rt'. v. a. To car- ry out of a country. '■ 2Q EXP 4M EX5 Export^ 6ks'p&rt. s. (492). Commo- dity carried out in traffick. ExpoRTATit)N9 ^s-p6r-tA'6)ito. s. The act or practice of earning out com- m^xlities into other coimtries. ^o Expose, ^ks^ze'. v. a. Xo lay open, to make liable to; to lay open, to nudce "bare ; to lay open to censore or ridicule ; to put in danger ; to cast oiit to chance. BxposiTioN, ^ks-p6-zish'tln. s. The situation in which any thing is placed with lespect to the sun or air; explanation, interpretation. Expositor, ^k3-|)6z'^-t(ir. s. Ex- plainer, cxpoimder, inteqw-eter. . To Expostulate, dksp6s'tahjl-l&te. ^; n. (4C3). To canvass witli another, to debate ; to remonstrate in a friendly :nianner. Expostulation, $ks*p6s-tshu-la' sh{in. 8. Debate, crscussion of an affair ; charge, accusation. ExposTULATOR, dks-p68'tshii-li.tdr- 8. (521). One thnt debates tvith another vithout open rupture. ExPOST u L A TO R Y , ^ks»p68'tshu-l d*ti&r< ^. a. (463) (5 12). Centsdning^ expose tulation. Exposure, Sks-p6'zhi&re. s. The act of exposing ;-the state of bein]^ exposed the stat^ of being in danger ; situation, as to sun and air. To Expound, Sk8-p6(ind'r v. a. To explain, to clear, to interpret Expounder, £ks*p6tui'di&r. s. Ex- plainer, interpreter. To Express, fiks-pr^'. v. a« To re . present by any of the imitative arts, as poetiy, sculpture, painting ; to represent in words i to utter, to declare ; to denote ; to squeeze out ; to force out by compression. Express, fiks-pris'. a. Copied, re sembling, exactly like ; pl^in, apparent, in direct terms j on purpose, for a particu- lar end* 'Express, dks-pr^s^ s. A messenger sent on purpose i a message sent. EXPRESSIBLE) ^ks»pr£s'3^*bl. a. That may be uttered or declared ; that mfiy be drawn by squeezing or expression. Expression, ^ks^pr^sh'&n. s« TJiieact pr power of representing any tiling ; the ibrm or cast of language in which any thoughts are uttered ; a phrase, a mode of speech ; the act of squeezing or forcing out any thing by a press. Expressive, ^ks-pr£s'siv. a. Having th.e power of utterance or representation. Ex PRj'^ssi V E L T, 4ks-prds'slv-W, ad. In p detr and representative waj^. ' -piiie» pin ;~ ExpRSAsivKNjfiss, ^S'pr^s'slv-jijs. 8. The power of eipre8aian,or represtntatioii by words. Expressly, dks-pp^slft. ad. In direct terms, not by inchnation. ExpREssuRE, eks-pr^sVdre. s. (452). Expression, utterance ; theform,the like- ness represented ; the maik, the impres- sion. £xpR0BRAT£,dks>pr6n)r&te.T.a. To charge upon with reproach, to impute openly with blame, to upbraid. ExpROBRATioN, dks-prA-bri'shdn. 8. ScomiVd charge, repioachM accusation. To Expropriate, dk8->pr6'pr^<4te. V. a. To relinquish aae's property. To ExpuGN, ^ks-pune'. \\ a. (385) (386). To conquer, to take by assault. ExpuGNATioN, dks-p{^-nik'shto. 8. Conquest, the act of taikiug by assault To Ex PULSE, £ks-piUae . v. a. To drive out, to force away. Expulsion, ^ks-pd^shAn. s. The act of expelling or driving out ; the state of being driven out. Expulsive, 6ks-piU'slv. a. (158) (428). Having the power of expulsion. ExpuNCTioM,^k8-p(bgk'BhAn. a. Ain flolution. To Expunge, ^ks-pdnje'. v. a. To blot out, to rub out; to efface, toannihilale. Expurgation, ^ks-pAr-gil'shdn. s. The act of purgingor cleaning; purification from bad mixture, as of errouror ^Uadiood, Expurgatory, ^ks^Ar'g4<>t^«^. a. Employed in purging away whatis nosioos. Exquisite, dks'kw^-^^lt. a. £xoel- lent, consummate, complete. Exquisitely, ^kslE.w^-«U EXTATICK, 4k.«tk1k. (509) ExTBMPOBAL, ikM^'po-riil. a. Ut- tered witkout premc^Ution, c^ick, i«a. ExTEHPORALLT, &».t4m'pi-r4l-^, ad. Quiek, ivithattt premeditation. ExTBicpoR AN»ou», 4k»-tim-p6-ri'nA- ds. a. Wkbout premeditation, sud- den. , , 1 4 A ExTEMPORABY, iks-t^m'po-rftr-*. a. Uttered or performed without premedi- Ution, sudden, quick. ExTEMPOttE,feks-t^m'po-r4. ad. With- out premeditation* audderfy, readily. ExTEMPORiNisss, ^ks-t^m'p^-r**^s. a. The fccidty of speaking or acting with- out premeditation. / I 1 * To ExTBMPORizE* iks-tim'po-nzc. ▼. n. To speak extempere, or without pre- mediUtion. ToExTEND, 6k8-tSnd'. v. a. To stretch out; to spread abroad j to enlarge j to m- crcase in. force or duration ; to impart, to communicate ; to seize by a course of law. Extender, ^ks-tin'dAr. s. (98). The person or mstrument by which any thing is C3rtcnded. Extendible, ^ks-tto'd^-bl. a. Capa- ble of extension. EXTEKDLESSNESS, fiks-t^nd'les-nes. S Vnlimited extension. ExTBKSlBItJTY, 6k84^-S*-by'i-t^. S. The qiOBlity of being extensible. Extensible, ^ks-t^n's^-bl. a. Capable of being stretched roto length or breadth ; capable of being extended to alarger com- prehension. EXTEKSI BLESESS, ^ks-t^'s^-W-nCS, 8. Capacity of being extended. ExTEMsioK, fiks-t^n'shdn. s. The act of extending i the aUte of being extend ExTEMSjvE,iks-tfin'slv.su(l58)(428) Wide, large. bittl;— ^U;— P^^^dy — ^^'^^ this. Extensively, ^ks-tfin'slv-W. td. Widely, largely. ExTBNSivENKSs, 6ks-t«i'siy-nes. & Largeness, diffusiveness, widenew i pot- sibiUty to be extended. Extensor, ^ks-tfin's6r. 8#( 156). Thf muscle by which any limb is extended. Extent, ^ks-t^nt'. s. Space ordegre* to which any thin^ is extended ; oommiv nication, distribution; execution, seizure. To Extenuate, ^k8-t^n'Ci-4te. v. a. To lessen, to make small ; to palliate £ to make lean. Extenuation, ^ks-t^-Wahdn. s. The act of representing things less ill than they are, palliation ; mitigation* alle- riation of puniidimcnt ; a general decay hi the muscular ftesli of the whole body. Exterior, dks-t^'r^-Ar. a. Outward, external, not Intrinsick. Exteriorly, ^ks-tfi'r^-Ar-W. ad. Out- wardly, externally. . , . s To Exterminate, dks-tirm*-nate« V. a. To root out, to tear up, to drive, away; to destroy. ./ , j»_ ExTERMiNATioN,dks-tfir-m6-ii4 shto. 8.' Destruction, excision. ExTERMi N ATOR, ^ks-t^r^mfe-na-ttir. s. (521). The person or instrument by which any thing is destroyed. To ExTERMiNE, ^ks-tdr'mln. v. a. (140). To exterminate. Extern, fiks-t^rn'. a. External, out- ward, visible ; without itself, not inherent, not intrinsick. External, ^ks-t6r'n4l. a. Outwardi not proceeding from itself, opposite to in- temal; having the outward appearance. Externally, fiks-t^T'ndl-^. ad. Out- wardly. To ExTiL, dk-stll. V. n. To drop or distil from. , , , ^ —, ExTiLLATioN, fek-stU-W'sbto. s. The act of falling in drops. To ExTiMVLATB, ek-stlin'A-Utje, v. a. To prick, to uicite by stimulation. ExTiMULATioN, 6k-stlin-Wi'shAn. s. Pungency, power of exciting motion or sensation. , Extinct, ^k-stlngkt'. a. (408). Extin- guished, quenched, put out j without suc- cession; abolished, out of force. Extinction, fik-stlngk'shiin. s.(408). The act of quenching or extinguishing; the state of being quenched ; destructio»i excision, suppression. ToExTiNGVisH, ik-stlnft'gwlsh. Y.a, BXT u6 EXT t?* (559).^F4te, ftr, fill, fdt;-in*, m4t;. to ToJ)utout, to quench; to supppegs, destroy. i-r j ExTiNGuisHADLE, ik-^lng'gwlsh-a- bl. a. (405). That may be quenched or destroyed. Extinguisher, ^k-sting'gwish.tir. s. AhoHowconeputupon a candle to quench Extinguishment^ ^k-stlng'gwish- m^nt s. Extinction, suppression, act of quenching ; abolition, nullification ; ter- mination of a family op succession. To ExTiRp, ^k^t^rp'. V. a. (108). To eradicate, to root out. To Extirpate, ^k-st^r'pAte. v. a. To root out, to exscind. Extirpation, ^k-stdr-pi'shfin. s. The ^ act of rooting out, excision. I •*.k ui iTMJung oui, excision. I nenc<» »i.m...ir.ki^- "^ "^ (52i;. One who roots out, a destroyer. To Extol, ^k-st6l. v. a. (406). To praise, to magnify, to celebrate. ExTOLLER, ^ks-tdnflr.a. A praiser,a magnifier. Extorsive, ^ks-t6r'siv.a.(l58)(428) Having Uic quaUty of drawing by violent means. ExTORsi vELT, iks-t^r'siv-l^. ad. In an extorsive manner, by violence, fo Extort, eks-t^rt'. v. a. To draw by from one ; to gam by violence or oppres- sion, or by usury. ^Ypfca To Extort, ^ks-t6rt'. v. n. To prac- tise oppression and violence, or usun iXTORTER, ^ks.t6r.tiir. s. (98). One who practises oppression. Extortion, iks-t6r'shtln. s. The act or practice of gaining by violence and ra- pacity, or usury ; foroe by which anything 18 uiijusUy taken away. ^ ^ Extortioner, ^ks-tdr'shto-dr. s.One who practises extortion. To Extract, ^ks-tMkt'. v. a. To draw out of something; to draw by chymical operation; to take from sometliinff- to select and abstract from a larger treatise. l;xTRACT, ^ks'trakt s. (492). The substance extracted, the chief parts drawn from any tiling; the cliief heads drawn fi-om a book. Extraction, ^ks.trak'shiin. s. The act of drawing one part out of a com- pound; derivation from an original, li. neage, descent. ^ * Extractor, dks.tr4k'ti^r. s. The per- son or instrument by which any tliiiur is exti-acted. - ^ b " ExTRAJ VDiciAL, ^ks-tri-ji^ish'Al. a. >piiie, pin;— Oiu of the regular coum oflegilp«>o&. E;CTRAJUDIClALLT,ik».tri.ji^!sh'Al^ ad. In a manner different from the ordi-' nary course of legal procedure. ExTRAMissioN, iks-tpd-mlsh'^. s. The act of emitting outwards. ExTRAMUNDANE,eks.tra.miin'ddne,a Beyond the verge of the material world. ExTRAKEoug,dks-tri'n ExTRAVAOANCT,eks-tr4v'4-g3tn-s*.j s. Excursion or sally be>-ond prescribed hmits ; irreguhirity, wildncss; waste, vain and sui^erfluous expefise. Extravagant, ^ks.trdv'4.g4nt. a. Wandering out of his bounds ; rovinir be- yondjust limiu or prescribed raeuSids- irregular, wiW ; wasteful, prodigal, vaui- ly expensive. "* Extravagantly, ^ks-trlv'^^SntJ^. ad. In an extravagant manner, wildly.- exjxinsively, luxuriously, wastefoUy. KxTRAVAGA>'TNEss, eks-trivl-gant- n<^s. s. Excess, excursion beyond U- To ExTRAVAGATE, ^ks-tnlv'a-g4tc. V. n. To wander out of limits. EXTR AV ASATED, ScS-tTay'vi-si^id. ft Forced out of the proper contaiaiBg vea- EXU 441 BYE «*4i65 mdve, n&r, ii6t;— *ibc, tftb, Ii3tTHATASATION,4kS-rcm|^, or state of being forced «nit of the proper containing vessels. ExriiAVENATE,iks-tr«lv'c-n4te.a. Let out of the veins. ExTRATERsioN, ^k^-trd-vir'shAii. s. The act of throwing o*it ExTRAUGHT, iks-triiwt'. part. Ex- tracted. ExTHEMK, ^ks-tr^mc'. a. Greatest, of the highest degree ; utmost; last, that be- yond which there is nothing ; pressing to tike utmost degree. ExTR E M E) 6ks-trtoe'. s. Utmost point, highest degree of any thing ; points at the greatest dutance &om each other, extre- mity. Extremely, ^ks-trimel^. ad. In the utmost degree ; veir much, greatly. Extremity, ^ks-tr6m^^-t^. s. The ut- most point, the highest degree; the points in the utmost degree of opposition ; remot- est parts, parts at the greatest distance ; the utniost violence, rigour, or distress. ToExTRiCATK,iks'tr^kAte. V. a. To disembarrass, to set free any one in a state of perplexity. £xTRicATiov,^ks-tr^-kd'sh^.s. The act, of disentangling. Extrinsical, Iks-trln's^-kil. a. £x- temaJ, outward ; not intrinsick. Extrivsically, ^ks-trin'sd-kdl-^. ad. From without. ExTRiMsicK, ^ks-trln^k. a. Outward, external. To LxTRucT, *k-strftkt'. v. a. To bmld, to raise, to form. ExTRucTOR, ^k-strdk't\!ir. s. Abulld< er, a fabricator. To Extrude, iks-trWde'. v. a. To thrust off £xTRi7sioy,^ks-trdd'zhdn. s. The act of thrusting or drivmg out. ExTUBERAMCE, fiks-t6'b6-ransc . s Knobs, or parts protuberant Exuberance, ^gz-Li'b^-rdnse. 3. Over- growth, superfluous abundance, luxuri- ance. Exuberant, ^gz.ii'be-riwt. a. (479) Over abundant, superfluously plenteous ; abomidiiig in tlic utmost degree. • Exuberantly, dgz-6'b^-rant-l6. ad Abundantly. To ExuBRRATE, ^g^dlj^-rite. v. n. ' To abound in the highest degree. Bxuccous, ik-sfik'kiis. a. Without juice, dry- C? This word and the three foUo-mng, -with ^3fU/)erable, exupcraitee^ and exiucitate, by ,n. To bWl J— -All ;— p6And ;— /Ain, f mts- servilely following an erroneous LatSm orthography, are liable to an improper pronunciation. — See Exiccats. Exudation, ik-siu-di'shiin. s. The act of emitting in sweat ; the matter issi^ ing out by sweat from any body. To Exudate, ^k-sA'dikte. > To Exude, ^k-s6de'. 3 sweat out, to issue by sweat. ExuLCERATK, dgz-Al's^-r^te. v.a^ To make sore with an ulcer ; to corrode, t» enrage. Ex ULCER AT ion, ^ks-AI'S^-fd'shAn. t. The beginning erosion, which forms an ulcer; exacerbation, corrosion. ExuLCERATORY, ^gz-iM's^-rd-tAr-^. a. (512). Having a tendency to cause ulcers. To Exult, igz-Alt'. v. n. To rejoice above measure, to triumph. Exultance, ^gz-iil't4nse. 8. Trans- port, joy, triumph. Exultation, ^ks-Al-ti'sh(in . s. Joyy triumph, rapturous delight. To ExuNDATE, dgz-CLn'dite. v. n. To overflow. ExuNDATioN,6ks-An-dVsh(bi.B. Ovcr,- flow, abundance. Exupeuable, dk-B^'p^r-i-bl. a. Con querable, superable, vincible. ExupERANCE,dk-s6'p^r-dnse. s. Over- balance, greater proportion. Exuperant, ^k-sd'p^-r^t. a. 0\xr- balancing, having greater proportion. To ExusciTATE,ek-sfls'8A-tite. v. «. To stir uj), to rouse. ExusTioN, ^gz-iis'tshftn. s. The act pearaiioe ; to torn the face, to come in front. To Face, fise. v. a. To meet in froiit, to expose with confidence ; to oppose 'inth impudence ; to stand opposite to ; to «ov0r .with an additional sui^erficies. Faceless, f;(^^i^. a. Without a &ce. Facepaikter, f&se'p4ne4^. s. A, dniwerof portndta. j FACEPAiNTiNG,f49e'pAne-ting.s. The iut of drawanr portraits. Facetious, fa-s^'shAs. a. (292). Gay, cheerfd, lively. Facetiously, ft-8^^shtlis*I^. ad. Gaily,) cheerfully. Facetiousness, f&'fi^^shds-n^s. s. Cheerful wit, mirth. Facile, fas'sil. a. (1 40). Easy, per* formable with little labour ; pliant, flexi- ble, easily persuaded. . To Facilitate, fi-sH'*-t4te* v. a. To make easy, to free from difiiculty. Facility, fi-sil'd-t^. s. Easiness to be performed, freedom from difficulty ; readiness in performing, dexterity ; vici- ous ductility, easiness to be persuaded ; easiness of access, affability. ' Facin ERiou s,fis-^-n^'r6-6s.a.Wicked. FAciWG,iii'slng. s. An ornamental co^ vcring. "FAciwoRouSjfi-sln'A-rAs. a. Wicked^ atrocious, detestably bad.— -See Sono- rous. Facinorousvkss, f&-sln'6-rfis-n^. s Wickedness in a high degree. Fact, f^t- s. A thing done ; reality not fopposition ; action, deed. -Fagtioii, fik'shftn. s, A party in a state ; tumult, discord, dissention. FACTioKARv,^'shiln-ir*6, s. Aparty piaiL bfiil;— .6U>-Np6£knd;-^Aiii, thi^^ Factious, f&le'shi&s. a. (292). Given to faction ; loud and violent in a party. Factiously, fdk'shfls-I^. ad. In a manner criminally dissentious. Factiousness, fdk'shds-n^s. 8. Incli- nation to publick dissention. Factitious, flk-tish'6s. a. Made bf art, in opposition to what is made by nature. Factor, fak'tfir, s. (166). An agent for another, a substitute. Factory, fdk'tAr-^. s. (557). A house or district inhabited by traders in a distant coimtry ; the trjidcrs embodied in one place. Factotum, f4k-t6'tain. s. A servant employed alike in all kinds of business. Facture, fdk'tshutc. s. (463). The act or manner -of making any thing. Faculty, fak'W-ti. s. The power 6^ dm greater to less vigour ; to tend from a brighter to a weaker colour ; to wither as a vegetable ; to die away gradually ; to be naturally not durable, to be transient To Fade, fide. v. a. To wear away ; to reduce to. languor. To Fadge, fddje. v. n. To suit, to fit i to agree, not to quarrel ; to succeed, to liiL F^GEs, W«^z. s. (99). Excrements, lees, sediments and settlings. To Fag, fag. v. a. To grow weary, to faint .with weariness. Fag end, f%-t^nd'. s. The end of a web of clotli ; the refuse or meaner part of any thing. Fagot, %%t. s. (88) (166). A bun- y Ai 444 FA L ^ (559).— .Fitc, fir, fidl, f4t;-^m6, mit die of sticks bottnd to^Uier for the fire ; a soldier numbered in the muster-roll, but not really existing^. To Fag/)t, f ig'dt. V. a. To tie up, to bundle. To Fail, file. v. n. (202). To be de- ficient, to cease from former plenty, to ■pine, pb;-^ complexion; ckar, not cloudy, not fiHil,iiot tempestuous; faTOurable,prnsperous; like- ly to succeed ; equal, just ; not efi^ted by any insidious or unla^wiul methods ; not practising any fraudulentorinsidious arts ; open,direct; gentle,not compulsory; mild, not severe ; equitable, not injurious. fall short; to be extinct, to cease to be pro- ^^5^ > f^re. ad. Gently, decently; duced ; to perish, to be lost ; to decay, to civilly ; successfuUy j on good terms. decline, to languish ; to miss, not to pro- Fair, fire. s. A beauty, ellipticaUy a duce its effect ; to miss, not to succeed in i fair womwi { honesty, just dealing. a design ; to be deficient in duty. j Fair, fire. s. An annual or stated To Fa I L, file. v. a. To desert, not to . meeting of buyers and sellem. to continue to assist or supply; not to Fairing, fire'lne. s. A present eiven assist, to neglect to admit to help ; to omit, | at a fair. o r o not to perform ; to be wanting to. Fail, file. s. Miscarriage i omission; deficience, want Failing, fi'iing. *s. Deficiency, im- perfection, lapse. Failure, file'y^e. s. (113% Defi- cience, cessation ; omission, non-perform- ance, slip ; a Upse, a slight fault. Fain, fine. a. (202). Glad, merr}', cheerful, fond; forced, obliged,compeUed Pain, fine. ad. Gladly, very desi- rously. To FAiNt, fint. V. n. (202). To lose the animal functions, to sink motionless ; to grow feeble ; to sink into dejection. To Faint, fint. v. a. To deject, to depi-ess, to enfaeble. Fai N T, fint. a. Languid ; not bright ; not loud ; feeble of body ; cowardly ; de pressed ; not vigorous, not active. Fainthearted, fant-hirt'6d. a. Cow- ardly, timorous. Faintheartedly, fint-hin'^d-li. ad Timorously. Faintheart EDNEss,fint-hirt'^d-nis. s. Cowardice, timorousness. Painting, fint'ing. s. Delirium, tem- porary loss of animal motion. Faintishness, fint'ish-nds. s. Weak- ness in a slight degree, incipient debilit>% Faintliirit. Faintness, fint'n^s. s. Langour, fee- bleness, want of strength; inactivity, want of vigour, timorousness, dejection. Fainty, fint'6. a. Weak, feeble,lan. guid. fCy* This word is much in use in the west of England, and is perfectly provincial. Fair, fire. a. (202). Beautiful, hand- some i not black, not brovn, white in the ' Fairly, fire'l^. ad. Beautifully ; com- modiously, conveniently ; honestly, justly ; ingeniously, plainly, openly; candidly, without sinistrous interpretations ; with- out blots ; completely, wthout any defi- ciency. FAiRNESs,fire'n^s.s. Beauty, elegance of form ; honestly, candour, ingenuity. Fairspoken, fire'spi-k'n. a. (103). Civil in language and address. Fairy, fi'ri. s. A kind of fabled be- ings supposed to appear in a diminutive human form $ an elf, a fay ; enchantreaa. Fairy, fi'r6. a. 'Given by fairiesj be- longing to fairies. Fairystone, fi'ri-stone. s. A stone found in gravel-pits. Faith, fi/A. s. Belief of the revealed truths of religion ; the system of revealed trutlis held by the Christian Church ; trust in God ; tenet held j trust in the honesty or veracity of another ; fidelity, unshaken ad- herence ; honour, social confidence ; since- rity, honesty, veracity ; promise given. • FAiTHBREACH,fi///'br^tsh.s. Breach of fidelity, perfidy. Faithful, fi^yfiil. a. Firm in ad- herence to the trutli of religion ; of true fidelity, loyal, true to allegiance ; honest, upright, witJiout fraud ; observant of com- pact or promise. Faithfully, firAT^W. ad. With firm belief in religion ; with full confidence in God ; with strict adherence to duty ; sin- cerely ; honestly ; confidently, steadily. FAiTHFULNEss,fiM'fW-n6s.a. Hones«- ty, veracity ; adlierence tp duty, loyalty. Faithless", fiM'l^s. a. Witliout belief in the revealed truths of religion,unconver- ted ; perfidious, disloyal, not true to duty. Faithlessness, firA'l^s*n^ s. Treachery, perfidy ; unbelief as to reveal- ed religion. Falgade> {lU jnftv©, D&r, n&t;— ttibc, tib, bWl^-AU;— pdftnd;— /Ain, this IB said to make ^Icadeft^ when he throwt himself upon his haunchea two or three time% as in very quick curveU, Falcated, £al'ki-tW. a. (84). Hook- ed, bent like a scytlie. Falc ATioH^ai-ki'ahito. s. (84). Crook- edness. Falchiok, ftl'shfln. s. (84). A short crooked sword, a scjnmeter. Falcon, awltn. s. (84) (170). A hawk trained for sport ; a sort of cannon. Falconer, fiw'kn-dr. 8. (98). One who breeds and trains han^. Falconet, fint6-nit. s. A sort of ordnance. Falbstool, fUd'stMl. 8. A kind of stool placed at the south side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at their coronation. To Fall, fiii. v, n. Prct. I fell, com pound pret I have fallen or fain. To drop from a hi^er place ; to drop from an erect to a prone posture ; to drop ripe from thetree; to pass at the outlet, as a river; to apostatize, to depart from faith or good- ness ; to die by violence ; to be dcg^raded from an high station ; to enter into any state worse than the former ; to decrease in va- loe, to.bear less price ; to happen, to befall; to come by chance, to U^ht on ; to come by any mischance to any ne w possessor ; to be- come tlie property of any one by k)t,chance, inheritance ; to be bom, to be yeaned ; to fall away, to grow lean, to revolt, to change aUe^ance ; to fall back, to fail of a promise or purpose, to recede, to give way ; to fall down, toprostrate himself in adoration, to sink, not to stand, to bend as a suppliant ; to fall from, to revolt, to depart from adhe- rence ; to fall in, to concur, to coincide, to comply, to yield to s to fall off, to separate, to apostatize ; to fall on, to begin eagerly to do any thing, to make an assault ; to fall over, to revolt, to desert from one side to the other ; to fall out, to quairel, to jar, to happen, to befall ; to fall to, to begin ea- gerly to eat, to apply himself to j to fall under, to be subject to, to be ranged with ; to fall upon, to attack, to attempt, to rush against. To Fall, fidl. v. a. To dropj to let fall ; to sink, to depress ; to diminish in value, to let sink in price ; to cut down, to fell ; to yean, to bring forth. Fall, fill. s. The act of dropping from on high ; the act of tumbling from an erect posture ; death, overthrow ; ruin, dissolution ; downfal, loss of greatness, declension from eminence, degradation ; diminution, decrease of price ; declina- tion or ^Uminution of souiid> close to mu- sick $ declivity, steep descent ; cataract, cascjide ; tlie outlet of a current into any wa^r ; autumn, the fall of the leaf, any thing that faUs in great quantities i the act of felling or cutting down. Fallacious, £4l-li'shu8. a. fSU). Producing mistakes, sophistical, deceit- ful, mocking cxpecUtion. Fallaciously, fAl-li'shfts-1^. ad. So- phistically, with purpose to deceive. Fallaciousness, f&l-U'shAs-n^s. s. Tendency to deceive. Fallacy, fil'li-si. a. Sophism, k)p- cal artifice, deceitful argument Fallibility, f^-W-bU'i-ti.s. Liable* ness to be deceived. Fallible, fil'l^-bU a. (405). Liable to errour. Falling sickness, ftd-llng-sik'n^s. 8. The epilepsy, a disease in which the pa* tient is without any warning deprived ab once of his senses, and &lls down. Fallow, flLl16. a. Pale red, or pale yellow; unsowed, iefl to rest after tho years of tillage ; ploughed, but not sow- ed; unploughed, uncultivated; unoccu^ pied, neglected. Fallow, m%. s. (327). Ground ploughed in order to be ploughed agam ; ground lying at rest. To Fallow, fdia6. v. n. To plough in order to a second ploughing. Fallowness, f^ri6-n^s. s. barren- ness, the state of being fallow. False, f?dse« a. Not morally true, ex* pressing that which is not thought ; not physically true, conceiving that which does not exist; treacherous, perfidious, traitorous; counterfeit, hypocrilical, not real. Falsehearted, fMse-h&rt'ed. a« Treacherous, perfidious, deceitful, hollow. Falsehood, filse'hdd. s. Want of truth, want of veracity ; want of hones- ty, treachery ; a lie, a false assertion. . (Cr This word, by the parsimony of Printers, is often spelt without the e. They may allege, that spelling the word with e makes it liable to be pronounced in three syllables by tliose who do not know the composition of the word ; and it may be answered, that spelling it without the e makes it Uahle to a mispronunciation, b^ joining the a and h together : if, therefore, the compo- sition must be understood before the Tvord can be pronounced with security, let it at least, be presented to the eye, and the chance of a mistake will be less. See Household, and Hooshead. Falsslt, fMse'l^. ad. Comrarily to 3R F AM 44$ •PAN fltT- (559).~Fdtc, fir, an, at ;— ni4, mftt ;— pine, pin ;— tpoth, not truly; erroneously^ by mistake j perfidiously, treacherously. Falseness, filse'n^s. s. Contrariety to truth; "want of veracity, violation of pro- mise ; duplicity, deceit ; treachery, per- fidy, ti-aitorousness. Falsifiablr, lil's^-fi-d-bl. a. (183). Liable to be counterfeited. Falsification, f^l-s^-ffc-ki'shfin. s. The act of coimterfeitingf any thing so as ' to make 'it appear what it is not Falsifier, fiKsWi-fir. s. One that counterfeits, one that makes any things to seem what it is not ; a liar. To Falsify, f^l's^-fi. v. a. To coun- terfeit, to forge. To Falsify, m's6-f i. v. n. (185). To tell lies. Falsity, fld'si-t^. s. Falsehood, con- trariety to troth ; a lie, an errour. To Falter, fil'tilr. v. n. To hesitate in the utterance of words ; to fail. Falterincly, fil'tAr-ing-l^. ad. With hesitation, with difficulty. Fame, fdme. s. Celebrity, renown; report, rumour. Famed, fimd. a. (339), Renowned, celebrated, much talked of Fa M E LE s s, fime'l^s. a. Without fame. Familiar, fa-mll'yar. a. (113). Do- mcstick, relating to a family ; afiable, easy in conversation; well known; well ac- quainted with,accustomed;unconstrained. Familiar, fd-mil'yir. s. Anintimate, one long acquainted. FAMiLiARiTY,fi-mU-y^-dr'^-t^.s. Ea- siness of conversation, omission of cere- mony, acquaintance, habitude ; easy in- tercourse. To Familiarise, f&-mU'yir-ize. v. a. To make e»sy by habitude ; to bring down from a state of distant superiority. Familiarly, f4-mll'ydr-16. ad. Un- ceremoniously, with freedom ; easily, witliout formality. Famille, fim-m^^l'. ad. In a femily way. CD* This word is perfect French, and is never used without en before it. « Deluded mortals whom the great ** Choose for companions t^te-a-tfite ; •* Who at their dinners enfmnilie, " Get leave to sit whene'er yoii will.*'— Swi/?. Family, fim'6-1^. s. I'hose who live in the same house, household ; those that descend frt}m one common progenitor, a race, a generation ; a class, a tribe, species. Famine, ftm'ln. s. (UO). Scarcity of food, dearth. To Famish, fimlsh. v. a. To kill with hunger, to starve, to kill by depri- vation of any thing necbssary. To Famish, fim^lsh. v. n. To die of hunger. FAMij,HMENT,f^'ish-in^nt. s. Want of food. Famosity, fa-mos'^-t^. s. Renown. Famous, fd'miJis. a. (314). Renown- ed, celebrated. Famously, f4'mfis-W. ad. With cele- brity, with greai fame. Fan, fan. s. An instrument used by- ladies to move the air and cool themselves; any thing spread out like a woman's fan ; the instrument by which the chaft'is blown away ; any thing by which the air is mov- ed ; an instrument to raise the fire. To Fan, f4n- v. a. To cool or recre- ate with a fan ; to ventilate, to affect by- air put in motion ; to separate, as by win* nowing. Fanaticism, f^-n^t'^-slzm. s* £n- thusiasni, religious phrensy. Fanatick, fl-n4t'lk. a. (509). En- thusiastick, superstitious. Fanatick, fU-n4t'lk. s. An enthusi- ast, a man mad witli wild notions. Fanciful, fan'sWM. a. Imaginative, ratlier guided by imagination than reason ; directed by tlie imagination, not the re ason. Fancifully, fWsWiW. ad. Accord- ing to the wildness of imagination. Fanc I FULNESS, f^'s^-fi^l-n^s. s. Ad- diction to the pleasures of tmag^ation. Fancy, f&n^s^. s* Imagination, the power by which the mind forms to itself images and representations ; an opinion ' bred rathei^ by the imagination, than the reason; inclination, liking; caprice, hu- mour, whim ; frolick, idle schemc,vagaiy. To Fancy, fSb'si, v. n. To imagine) to believe without being able to prove. To Fancy, jHln's^. v. a. To portray in the mind, to imagine ; to like, to be pleas- ed With. Fancymonger, (^^s£-m{ing«gdr. s. One who deals in tricks of imagination. Fancysick, fdn's^-slk. a. One whose distemper is in his own mind. Fane, fdne. s. A temple consecrated to religion. Fanfaron, f^^fii-r&n. s. A bully, a Hector; at>lu«terer, a boaster of mcNre than he can perfozm. FAR 44/ FAR a. ad, mdve^ n6r, n6t;— tibe, tAb, Fanfaiowade, fan-far-d-nidc'. s. A bluster, a tumour of fictlous dignity. To Fang, fSng. v. a. To seize, to gripe, to elatch. Fang, flbig:- s. The long tusks of a boar or other animal; the nails, the ta- lons ; any thing like a long tooth. Fanged, fingd. a. (359). Furnished with fangs or long teeth, furnished with any instrument in imitation of fangs. Fangle, f^g'gl. s, (405). Silly at- tempt, trifling scheme. Fanoled, fang'glU a. (359), It is scarcely used but in new-fangled, vainly fond of novelty. Fatjgless, fang'Ws. a. Tootliless, without teeth. Faknel, ^^n^I. s. A sort of orna- ment like a scarf, worn about the lefl arm of a mass-priest Fanner, fin'nir. s. One that plays a fan. Fantasibd, fdn'ta-sld. a. (283) FiUed Mrith fancies. FANTASM,£^n't^in.s. See Phantasm Fantastical, f^-tas't6-k4l. Fantastick, finrtas'tik. (509). Irrational, bred only in Uie imagination subsisting only in Uie fancy, imaginary ; capricious, humorous, unsteady ; whim< sical, fanciful. Fantastically, fan-tis't^-kil-^- ad. By the power of imagination ; caprici- ously, humorously ; whimsically. Fantasticalitess, fan-tis't6-l k4l-n6s. > s. Fant ASTicKNEss,f4n-tas'tik-nds. J Hvimorousness, mere compliance with fancy ; whimsicalness, unreasonableness ; caprice, unsteadiness. Fantasy, fan'td-sd. fi. Fancy, imagi- nation, the power of imagining ; idea, image of the mind ; humour, inclination. FAP,ap. a. Fuddled, drunk- An old cant word. Far, f^r. ad. (77) (78). To great extent; to a great distance ; remotely, at a grea^ distance; in a great part, in a great proportion ; to a great height; to a certain degree. FAR.FETCH,fir-f6tsh'.s. A deep stra- tagem. Far-fktched» ar-fetsht'. a. (359). Brought from places remote ; studiously sought; elaborately strained. FAB-PiERciNG,f^r-p^^r'sing.af Strik- ing, or penetrating a great way. FAR-SH00TiNc,fir-shddt'ing.a. Shoot- ing to a great dbtance. b(fll ;— i611 ;— p&&nd ;— r//in,' this. Fah, fZLr. a. Distant, remote ; from hr, from a remote place. To Farce, Rrse. v. a. To stuff, to fill with mingled ingredients ; to extend, to swell out. Farce, £&rse. s. A dramatick re- presentation written without regularity, generally stuffed witli ribaldry and non- sense. Farcical, (^r^s^-kal. a. Belonging to a farce, FARCYjfir's^.s. The leprosy ofhorses. Fardel, f^r'd^l. s. A bimdle, a little pack. To Fare, fire. v. n. To go, to pass, to travel ; to be in any state good or bad ; to happen to any one well or ill ; to feed, to eat, to be entertained. Fare, fire. s. Price of passage in a Te« hide by land or by water ; food prepared for the table, provisions. Farewell S^^re'wil^orfire-wdl'.^ r AREWELL, ^ ^j.,^^j^ ^^ fir-w^r. 5 The parting compliment, adieu; it is sometimes used only as an expression of separation without kindness. OCt" To all these different pronunciations is . this word subject. The accentuation^ either on the first or last syllable, depends much on the rh>thm of the sentence.— See CoMMODOREandCoMMONWKALTK. Wlien it is used as.a substantive, without an adjective before it, the accent is ge- nerally on the first syllable ; as, " See how the morning opes her golden gates, " And takes her/2frAoe/^of the glorious sun," Or if the adjective follow the substantive, as, ''If chance the radiant sun withys^rewetf sweet " Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive, " The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds ** Attest their joy, that hill and vaUey ring.** Milton. But if the adjective precede the substantive, the accent is generally placed on the last syllable ; as, ** Treading the path to nobler ends, " A lon^ farevo^il to love 1 gave." Waller, " As in this grove I took my X^atfamsHl'* Dryden. Or when it is governed by a verb, as, " I " bade him farcvi^ll^^ or " I bade farf «' viill to him." When it is used as an adjective, the accent is always on the first syllable ; as, " A "/4;ower or act of bewitching, enchantment. Fascine, fis*s^nc'. s. (1 12). A faggot. Fascinous, f^s^s^-nib. a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. Fashion, f4sh'fin. s. Form, make, state of any thing with regard to appear- ance ; the make or cut of clothes ; man- ner, sort, way; custom operating upoa dress, or any domestick ornaments ; cus- tom, general practice ; manner imitated from another, way established by prece- dent ; general approbation, mode ; rank, condition aboi'e the vulgar. To Fashion, f^sh'fln. v. a. To form, to mould, to figure ; to fit, to adapt, to accommodate ; to cast into extenial ap- pearance i to make accordhig to the rule prescribed by custom. Fashionable, fish'An44)l, a. Ap- proved by custom, established by custom, made according to tfie mode ; observant of mode ; havinr rank above the vulgar, and betow nobihty: I? AT 419^ FAT. — «A, m6te, hAt, n6t;--tAbe, tfth, bftM;— AM-,— pAAnd;— /Ain, this. Fashiojt ABLEicEs»,flLsh'dn4-W.nfe. s. Modsih elegance. FASHioNABLT^fibh'to-t-bl^. ftd. In a nunner conformable to custom, with mo- dish elegance. Fashionist, fish'Jb-lst. 8. A follower of the mode, a coxcomb. To Fast, fdst. v. n. (79), To abstain from food ; to mortify the body by reli- gious abstinence. Fast, fist. s. Abstinence from food ; religious mortification by abstinence. Fast, f4st. a. Firm, immoveable; firm in adherence ; speedy, (juick, swiil ; fast and loose, uncertain, vanable, incon stant. Fast, fist. ad. Firmly, immoveably; closely, nearly; svrilUy, nimbly; fre quently. To Fasten, fas's'n. v. a. To make fast, to make firm ; to hold together, to cement, to link ; to alHz, to conjoin. To Fasten, fdsVn. v.n. (472). To fix himself. Fastener, fas's*n-Ar. s. One that makes fast or firm. Faster, f^t'Ar. s. (98). He who ab- stains fi^m food. Fasthanded, f^'hind-dd. a. Avari- dous, closehanded, covetous. Fastidiosity, fis-tld»^-6s'6-t6« s. Disdainfiilness. Fastidious, fsLs-tld'^-As, or fis-tld'- ji.4s. a. (293) (294). Disdainful, squeamish, delicate to a vice. Fastidiously, fia-tld'^-As-1^, or fis- tid-ji'As-lc. ad. (293) (294). Disdain- fully, squeamishly, Fasting DAY, f4st1ng-d4. s* Day of mortification by abstinence. Fastness, fSst'n^s. s. Firmness, firm adherence ; strength, seciirity ; a strong place ; a |llih;e not easily forced. Fastuous, f^'tsh(i-ds. a. (464). Proud] haughty. Fat, fSt a. Full-fed, plump, fleshy ; coarse, gross, dull; wealthy, rich. Fat, fat. s. The unctuous part of ani mal flesh. Fat, f^. s. A vessel in which any thing is put to ferment or be soaked. To Fat, f4t. v. a. To make fiit, to fatten. To Fat, fit. v. n. To grow fet, to grow full fieshed. Fatal, f4'UU. a. Deadly, mortal, de structivi^ causing destruction: proceed- ing by destiny, inevitable, oeceasary; ap pomted by destiny. Fatalist, €&'t&l-llst. s. One who main- tains that all things happen by invincible necessity. Fatality, f^til'^^. s. Predestina- tion, predetermined order or series of things and events ; decree of fate ; ten- dency to danger. Fatally, f^Ui-l^, ad. Mortally, de- structively, even to death ; by the decree of fate. Fatalness, f4't&l-n^s. s. Innncible necessity. Fate, f4te. s. Destiny, an eternal series of successive causes ; event predetermin- ed; death, destruction; cause of death. Fated, f^'t^. a. Decreed by fate; de- termined in any manner by fate. Father, f^'TH^r. s. (34) (78) (98), He by whom the son or daughter is begot- ten ; the first ancestor ; the appellation of an old man ; the title of any man reve- rent ; the ecclesiastical writers of the first centuries ; the title of a popish confessor ; the title of a senator of old Rome ; the ap- pellation of the first person of the adora- ble Trinity (76). Father-in-law, WmirAnAkw, s. The father of on^'s husband or wife. To Father, fk'THdr. v.a. To take as a son or a daughter ; to supply with a father ; to adopt a composition.; to ascribe to any one as his offspring, or production. Fatherhood, fVTH^r-hAd. s. The character of a father. Fatherless, £S.'THfir-l^s. a* Without a father. FATHERLiNEss,{lL'TH£r-l^-nds. s. Thc tenderness of a father. Fatherly, flL'TH^r-!^. a. Paternal, like a father. Fatherly, fi'TH^r-lA. ad. In the man- ner of a father. Fathom, faTH'tim. s. (166). A mea- sure of length containmg six feet; reach, penetration, depth of contrivance. To FATHOM,lUTH'^m. V.a. To encom- pass with the arms ; to sound, to try with resfject to the depth ; to penetr.ate into, to find the bottom ; as, I cannot fathom bis design. Fathomless, f&TH'Am-lds. a. That of which no bottom can be found ; that of which the circumference cannot be era- braced. Fatidical, fa-t1d'^-k4l. a.Prophetick, having the power to forttel. Fatiferous, fil-tif f^-nfts. a. Deadly, mortal. FATioABLK,fit'^'g&-bl. a. Easily wea- ried. F AU 45(1 PA V 3T (559).— F4te, fir, fiU, f&t;— m*, m^t;— pine, pin;— Td Fatigate, fUt'^-gite. V. a. (91). To weary, to fatigue. FATiGUEjfU-t^^g-. s.(337).Weariness, lassitude ; the cause of weariness, labour, toil. To Fatigue, f4-ti^g'. v. a. (112). To tire, to weary. Fatkidneyed, filt'kid-nld. a. (283). Fat. Fat LING, fatling. s. A young animal fed fat for the slaughter. Fatneh, fdt'tn-Ar. s. more properly Fattener. That which gives fatness. Fatness, fat'nds. s. The quality of be- ing fat, plump ; fat, grease ; unctuous or greasy matter ; fertility ; that which causes fertilitv. To Fatten, iit'tn. v.a. (405). Tofeed up, to make fleshy ; to make fruitful ; to feed grossly, to increase. To Fatten, fdt'tn. v. n. To grow fat, to be pampered. Fatuous, f&tsh'u-As. a. (461). Stupid, foolish, feeble of mind ; impotent, witli- out force. Fatuity, f4-tCi'6-t6. s. Foolishness, weakness of mind. J^7» For the second syllable of this word, dee Futurity. Fatwitted, fdtVit-6d. a. Heavy, dull. Fatty, fat't^. a. Unctuous, oleaginous, greasy. Fauset, fiw's^ a. A pijie inserted into a vessel to give vent to the liquor, and stopped up by a peg or spig^ Fauchiok, f^rshi!in. s. A crooked sword. Favillous, fa-vll'lis. a. Consisting of ashes. Faulcon, fawltn. s. — See Falcon Fault, filt s. (404). OfFence, slight crime, somewhat liable to censure ; de- fect, want ; pu/./.Ie, difliciiUy. (Jj* Dr. Johnson tells us, tliat the / in this word is sometimes sounded and some- times mv.tc, and that in conversation it is generally suppressed. To this Dr. Ken- rick adds, that it is needlessly suppressed None of our lcxicogr.apbers have marked this letter mute, but Mr. Sheridan. Mr. Nares snys, the word is pronounced both ways, and leaves it undetei-mined ; but Mr. Elphinslon decides positively against retaining the / even in writing : his rea- sons are, that as the French have left out the / in their mtiq^aied faulte, we ought to leave it out of our English word, which was derived from their ancient one. This reasoning, however, I think is not conclusi^^. If after deriving words from the livinglanguages, and using them- for centuries, we were to alter tJ»«m as the parent language happens to alter, our own laiigua^ would have no stability. The truth is, the French language i» much more altered within the last two centilries than the En^ish, and is great- ly enfeebled by droppmg its consonants. Its nasal vowels too have added to it* weakness, by rendering both voweb and consonants less distinct. The / in ques- tion has nothing harsh or imcommon in its sound, and if it were mute, v.'ould desert its relation to the LBtin/a/ntoM, and form a disgraceful exception ; ami if poets have sometimes ^smissed it to rnyme the woi-d with thought, twght, &c. they have as readily admitted it to rhyme with maltf tait, and iusault. " Which of our thrum-capp'd ancestors io\md fault, ** For want of sugar-tongfs or spoons for salt?" King. Faultkinder, filt'find-ikr. s. A ceu- surer. Faultily, fid'ti-16. ad. Not rightly, improperly. Faultiness, fM't6-nds. s. Badness, >iciousne&s ; delinquency. Faultless, fMt'i^s. a. Without feult, perfect. Faulty, fil'te. a. Guilty of a fault, blameable, erroneous, defective. To Favour, fd'vAr. v, a. To suppoH, to regard with kindness ; to assist witli advantages or conveniences ; to resemble in feature ; to conduce to, to contribute. Favour, fi'vAr s. (3 14). Countenance, kindness; support, defence; kindness granted; lenity, mitigation of punishment ; leave, good will, pardon ; object of favour, person or thing favoured; something giv- en by a lady to be worn ; any thing worn openly as a token ; feature, countenance. Favourable, fi'vAr-a-bl..a» Kind, pro- pitious, affectionate, palliative, tender, averse from censure ; conducive to, con- tributing to; accommodate, convenient; beautiful, well favoured. Favourablexess, f4'vi!ir-ft-bl-nds. s* Kindness', benignity. Favourably, f4'vtir-4-bli. ad. Kindly, witli favour. Favoured, f4'vi!ird. particip. a. Re- garded with kindness ; ieatored witli well or ill. Favouredly, fd'v^Iird-16. ad. With well or ill, in a fair or foid way. Favourer, fA'vAr-tlr. s. One who fii- vours ; one who regards with kindness or tenderness. PEA 4ifl FE A Favourite, fA'vAr-lt. s. (156). A per- son or thing beloved, one regwrded with . fiivoar ; one chosen as a companion by his superior. FatourlesS) fd'vdir-l^. a. Unfavour- ed, not regarded witli kindness ; uiifavour- m^t unprapitioiis. Fautor, fiw'tor. s. (166). Favourer, coontenancer. Fau TRESS, f&w'trds. s. A tvoman that favours or shows countenance. Fawn, {kwn. s. A young deer. To Fawn, fa>vn. v.n. To bring forth a young deer ; to court by frisking before one, as a dog ; to court servilely. Fawner, fkw'ntir. s. One that fawns, one that pays servile courtship. Fawningly, fiw'ning-W. ad. In a cringing servile way. Fay, fi. s. A fairy, an elf; faith. ToFeague, fcdg. v.a.(337). To whip, to chastise. Fealty, i^'il-tL s. Duty due to a su- perior lord. 03* Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Buchanan, W. Johnston, and, if we may jiidge by the position of the accent, En- tick, make only two syllables of tliis word ; Mr. PeiTy, Mr. Niires, and, by the posi- tion of the accent, Dr. Ash, three. I do not hesitate a moment to pronounce the last division the best ; not only as it is im- mediately derived from a French word of three syllables feauM^ but as this is ge- oeraily its quantity in MiHon and Shakes- peare. ** I jdh in parfiament pledge for his truth, ** Andlasting^o^^i tothe new-maile king." Slmkespearc. ** — — *— Let my sovereign " Command my eldest son, nay, all my sons, ** As pledges of my fealty and' lme>— /6/V/. ** — ^ — ■ Man disobeying, " Disloyal, breaks his/eo/f/, and sins ** Against the high saprcmzicy of heaven.'" Milton. *" ■ ■ Each bird and beast behold ** After their kinds; I bring them to receive ** Fromtheetheirnamcs; and pay thee /fa/hf *• With lowsubjection.''— /AjU " Whether his first design be to withdraw " Out fealty to God, or to disturb « Conjugal l0ve.'»— /^li. in these quotations from Johnson we see the ^ first only makcB fealty two syllables ; and even here it may be presumed tliere is a poetical license exactly like that wliich Young U8€s in the word really : ** Wbynea^siity-fiye is somewhati>ld." bAU f-^B ;-pA6nd ;— -/Ain, thi$; Fear, f^rc- (227). Dread, horrour, apprehensi of danger ; awe, dejection of mind; tfiety, solicitude ; tliat which causes fea something hung up to scare deer. To Fear, t«. v. a. To dread, to con- sider witlapprehensions of terror; to fright, to rrify, to make airaid. To Feah, re. v. n. To live in horrour, to be aira ; to be anxious. FEAHFUL,fere'fW, or f^r'fiil. a. (230). Timorouf-afraid ; awful ; terrible, dread* ful. — SeeiERCE. Fearfuli, f6re'fta-16, or fcr'fW-W. ad. Timously, in fear ; lerriblv, dread- fully. Fearfulbss, f<&re'fZil-n^s, or ffer'fM- nes. s. Imorousness, habitual timi- dity ; atal qf being afraid, awe, dread. FEARLEBi-Y, ffere'les-1^. ad. Without terror. F E A R L E8WESS, fferclds-n^s. 8. Exemp- tion frorfcar. Fearle», f£;re'l&8. a. Free from fear, intrepid Feasibiity, f(fe'zi-birA-ti. s. A thing practicale. Feasib*, f6'z*-bl. a. (227). Practica* ble, tht may be effected. Feabib Y, f6'zd-blA. ad. Practicably- I'BA8T,j&6st. 8. (227). An entertain- ment f the table, a sumptuous treat of great yimbers ; an anniversary day of re- joicin,i; something delicious to the palate. To P'EiST, fi&^st. V. n* To eat 8ump- tuou^. To FiAST, f^^st. V. a. To entertam sumituously ; to delight, to pamper. Feajter, lt:6st'i\r. 8. One that fares delciously ; one tliat entertains magnifi- ed tly. FE7«TFUL,f(£ist'f(d*a. Festive, joyful; liKurious, riotous. FEiSTRiTE, ft^st'rite. s. Custom ob- erved in entertainments. Fi,AT,ftte. 8. (iJ27). Act, deed, actioft, ixploit; a trick, a ludicrous performance. FfiAT,f^te.a. Ready, skilful, ingenious ; nice, neat. Feateous, fi't^-As, or f^'tshc-ds. a. (263). Neat, dexterous. Ieateously, ffe't^-iis-li. ad. Neatly, dexterously. Feather, fCTH'i'ir. s. (98) (234). The plume of birds; an on-.ament, an empty title ; 'ipon a horse, a sort of natural iViz- zling iitfir. To fBATHEK, fftTH'iin V. a. To dress FEW 5Sd. FEE ^ (559).— FA| llr, HOI, fit;— m«, m«t ;.-piiie, pin la feathets ; to fit with feain ; to tread as a cock ; to enrich, to adi ; to feather one's neat, to get riches to^er. Featherbed, fi&TH'Ar4k s. A bed stuffed with feathers. f Featherdrivbr, f&TH'fldrl-vAr. s. One who cleanses feathers, f. Feathered, ftTn'Ar'd. b. (359). Clothed with feathers $ fitt| with fea- thers, carrying feathers. Fbathbredoe, f^TH^diSdje. s. Boards or planks that ha^e o| edge thin- ner than another, are caUed^atheredge stuff. FEATHEREDOEDjftTH'dr-ij*d.a. Be- longing to a featlieredge. Fkatherfew, ftTH'Ar-fft.^ A plant. FEATHEBLEss,ftTH'5r-l^a(a. With- out feathers. ; Feathersbller, f<§TH'^^l-dr. 8. One who sells feathers. Feathery, fifiTH'Ar-i. a. Clothed with feathers. \ Featly, f(fete'M. ad. Neat^^mmbly, FeatnesS) f(&te'p£8« s« Nea^as, dex- terity. Feature, f&'tshi'lre. s. (462)-The cast or make of the &ce ; any linean^nt or sm- g^e part of the face. To Feaze, f(&ze. V. a. ToiinMrist the end of a rope ; to beat. Febrifuge, f£b'r^-f6je. s. Aly medi- cine serviceable in a fever. I Febrile, fdbVU. a. (140). Onsdtut- ing a fever ; proceeding fix>in a Iver.' February, feb'rii-4-r6. s. TliJ name of the second month in the year.' Fec es, ih'^hz. s. Di*eg8, less, sedpient, subsidence ; excrement Feculence, fi&k'6-I^nse Feculbncy, ffek'A-16n-s ^ ness, quality of abounding with l^s or sediment ; lees, feces, sediment, dngs. Feculent, ftk'ii-Wnt. a. Foul, ofeg- gy, excrementitious. \ Fecund, f^k'&nd. a. Fruitful, p^)li- fick.— See Facund. \ Fecundation, f&k-ki&D-d&'shdn. is. The act of making prolifick. I To Fec u ndif y, f<&-kto'di-f i. v. a. yo make fruitful. ', Fecundity, ft-ktin'd6-t*. s. Fnit- fulness, quality of producing or bringiiW forth. \ Fed, fi^d. Preterit and participle pas^ of To feed. Fedtiry, f(^d'd-i^. s. A partner, or 4 dependant se. ? *i jj. ^^^j8.1V^ddi. Federal, fM'£r-tL a. Relating to a league or contract Federary, f(fed[ftr-l-r*. s. A confedc- ate, an accomplice. Federate, f(&d'^r-ite.a.(91).Lcagued. Fee, i^. s. (246). All lands and te- nements that are held by any acknow- ledgment of superiority to a higher lord ; recompense ; pa}rments occarionallj claimed by persons in office ; reward paid to physicians or lawyers. Feefarm, f^fe'firm. s. Tenure hj which lands are held from a superiorlord. To Fee, f6(ft. v. a. To reward, to pay ; to bribe, to keep in hire. Feeble, f^Ojl. a. (405). Weakly, de- bilitated, sickly. ^ Feebleminded, fife'W-mind'ed. a* Weak of mind. Feebleness, fi'bl^Ss. s. Weakness, imbecility, infirmity. Feebly, ft'bli. ad. Weakly, without strength. To Feed, fi^d. v. a. (246). To supply with food ; to graze, to consume by cattle; to nourish, to cherish ; to keep in hope or expectation ; to delight, to entertain. To Feed, f^W. v. n. To take food; to prey, to lire by eating ; to grow lat or plump. Feed, ft6d. s. Food, that which is eaten ; pasture. Feeder, ftWtir. s. One that gives foddj an exciter, an encouiager; one thaffUts, one that cats nicely. To Feel, fdfel. v. n. Pret. Felt. Part. pass. Felt. To have perception of things by the touch ; to search' by feeling ; to have a quick sensibUity of good or evil ; to ap- pear to the touch. ToFBEL,f6av.a.(246). Topcrceive by the touch ; to try, to sound ; to have sense of pain or pleasure ; to be aflected by ; to know, to be acqimntcd with. Feel, fiil, s. The sense of feeUng, the touch. Feeler, f^d'&r. s. One that feds; the bonis or antenna of insects. Feeling, fi&^ring. particip. a. Ex- pressive of great sensibility 5 sensibly felt- Feeling, ft^l'ing. s. The sense of touch; sensibility, tenderness, perception. Feelingly, f^^l'tag-l*. ad. With ex- ptession of great sen»ibilit>' ; so aa to be sensibly felt Feet, f^a. 9. (^46). The plural of Foot. Febtlbss, f&it'l^s. a. Without feet. ^E^ 4i$ FE» -«4i6, mSnki 11^9 iiAt^-4fibe» tAb) b&Il;— fi§l4Bikng^gAr. 8. '(381)r FiH^o; . A dealer m hides. '^\%i^ U*t^^ Fellwess, ffel'n^. 8. Crucltyf^wrage^ ness. n^ Felloe, tmb. 8. (29fi). The circum- ference of awheel. j4^ . Fellow,* fsri6.s. (327). An associate, one united in the same affair ; one of the same kind; one thing suited to another; one of a pair ; a familiar appellation used some- thnes with fbndncss, sometimes with con- Fellow-servant, fdl-l^^^r'vftnt •• One that has the same master. FELLOW-80LDI£B,fS]-l6-86rjdr.S.OlM^ who fights under the same commander. Fellowhitudent, f(^l-l6-st6'd^nt. s. Qngj|[^tudies in company with another* p£;^Low-suFFER«R,f&M6-8flr{ir-Ar. i. One whp shares the same evils.- Fellow-feeling, f(&l-l6-f(ft^11ng. a. ^ Sympathy ; combination, joint interest Fallow-like, fm^-llke. > , ., Fellowly, fa'i6-l^. 5 *• ^*" • companion, on equal terms. Fellowship, f^l6-shlp. a. Coropa* nionship ; association ; ecpiality ; partner- ship; frequency of intercourse, social pleasure ; fitness and fondness for fe^f{l' ^ entertainments ; an est^lishment in xB^ ^^ college with sh^ire fp its revenue. |^.lly, f(&ll6. ad. Cruelly^ inhumanly^ ^%avagsely. .. .»' Fe|4>-d1^ I. s , 'ie^'rtO-u ^ ■ ^ • WSked, l^LttUi^iJij S|U«tlfo, ra;iliy:«i5nt %^,'i^o^isn'*^{t-li'n^-4s-lo^ In a Fw Uymi-t% ^. A crime denounc- he f)]\ lent of Feel. ^F^tjip^,. fet.' a» Cloth made of wool unit* ed without Weaving ; a hide or skin. .pjfcLOc.cA, f(6-lAk'L 8. A small open ^at wkh sis oars. Female, fi^'mile. s. A she, one of the sex which brings yoxmg. Femali^, f&'m^le. a. Not maaculinei belonging to a she. F£MiNALiTT,f(§m-^-iidr£-t^.8. Fexnald natiu^. Feminine, fr^. s. A kiatl of blackberry. 3S FEO 454 Efi.R tr (559)^FAtc Or, fill, ftt;—m4i m&j— pfeie, ph; Fbncb, f£»nse. s. Guard, security, out- work, defence ; inelosure^ mound, hedge ; the art of fcncing',defence; skillin defence. ToFence, fi&nse. v. a. To inclose, to se- cure by an inclosure or hedg« ; to g^ard. To Fence, fgnse. v. n. To practise the arts of manual defence ; to gMaHfagainst, to act on the defensive ; to fight accord- ing- to art. Fenceless, flSnslds. a. Without in- c]osiu*e, open. Fencer, f^n'sAr. s. One who teaches or practises the use of weapons. Fencible, f(&n's£-bl. a. Capable of de- fence. Fe Nc I NG-M ASTER, fi&Q'slne-mlLs-tAr. s. "^ne who teaches the use of weapons. Fencing-school, f^n'slng-skddl. s. A place in which the use of weapons is taught To Fend, fSnd. v. a. To keep off, to ' shutout. To Fend, fiSnd. v. n. To dispute, to shift off a charge. Feuder, f(&n'dar. s. A plate of metal laid before the fire to hinder coals that All from rolling forward to the floor ; any thing laid or hung at the side of a ship to keep off violence. Feneration, f£n-^r-4'shAn. s. Usury, the gain of interest Fenkel, f^n'n^L s. (99). A plant of strong scent Fenny, f^ with tlie short e, they are in the same errour respecting ei^eoff, which they mark with the long e. Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Barclay m-e unocr the same mistake in feoff, by pronouncing the diphthong long ; and Mr. Nares is wrong also in pronouncing enfeoff in the suae manner. Mr. Pcny is the only one who'ia right in pronouncing the diphthdng short in both. So much, however, had my ear been used to the long sound of this dipbtlioagy thiat it escaped me in the word Spw/io^and effeoffmentg which, to be con- sistent, I ought certainly to have mark- ed with the short sound, as in feoff and feoffee. Feoffee, ^t4hk, s. One put in posses- sion. Feoffer, fdffiar. s. One who gives possession of any thing. Feoffment, fSf mdnt. s. The act of granting possession. FERACiTY,ffe-r48'^-t*. s. Fnutfulncssy fertility. Feral, Wvil. a. Funeral, mournful. FERiATiON,f<&-r^-&'sh&n.s.(534). The act of keepinjg holiday. Ferine, ft'rfoe. a. (140). Wild, sa- vage. Ferineness, f(&-rlne'n£s. s. Barbarity, savageness. Ferity, fcr'^-t^. 8. Barbarity, cruelty, wildness. To Ferment, f&r-mint'y. v. a. To exalt or rarify by intestine motion of parts. To Ferment, ffer-in^nt'. v.n. To have the parts put into intestine motion. Ferment, fiftr'm^nt. s. (492). That which causes intestine motion ; the intes- tine motion, tumult Fermentable, f^Mn^nt'i^bl. a. Ca? pal]% of fermentation. FermIMital, f(Sr-mint'iU. a. Having the power to cause fermentation. Fermentation, f^r-m^n-td'shAn. s. A slow motion of the intestine particles of a mixt body, arising usually mm the operation of some active acid matter* Fermentative, fi&r-m^'tA-tiv. a. Causing fermentation. Fern, f^m. 'S. A plant. Ferny, fdm'^. a. Overgroi»rn with fern. Ferocious, fe-r6'shAs« a. (357), Sa- vage, fierce. Ferocity, fe-r6s^^-t^. s. Savageness^ fierceness. pERKEous,f(&rV£-ds. a. Consisting of iron, belonging to iron. Ferret, fer'nt. s. (99). A quadruped of the weasel kind, used to catch rabbits \ a kind of narrow riband. To Ferret, f^r'rit v. a. (99). To drive out of lurking places. Ferreter, fi^iVit-t^ir. s. One tfaat hunts another in his privacies. YES 455 FEU FkRWAOE, fiKri-Wjc. 8. (90). The fare pftid at a ferry. FERRUGiNousiftr-rti'jIn-da.a. Partak in^ of the particles andqaalitiefl of iron. Ferrule, f(ftr'rll. s. An iron ring put round any things to keep it from cracking. To Ferry, f Joyous^ gay. bAU ;— *AU ;-*— p6Cind ;-— f Ain, this. Festivity, fts-tlv'd-tA. s. Festival, time of rejoicing; gayety, joyfulness. Festoon, fts-toAn". s. In architecture, an ornament of carved work in the fonn of a wreath or garland of flowers, or leaves twisted torether. Febtu c I N E, f(&s'tu-slo. Straw colour. FESTUcous,fes-tA\As,a.Madeofstra'if. To FETCH,f(fttsh. v.a. Togoandbring; to strike at a distance ; to produce by some kind of force ; to reach, to arrive at ; to obtain as its price. To Fetch, f^tsh. v. |i. To move with a quick return. Fetch, fttsh.s. A stratagem by which any thing is indirectly performed, atricl^ an artifice. FETCHER,fteh'flr. s. One that fetches. Fetid, fttld. a. (296). Stinking, ran* cid — ^See Fetus. Fetidness, f&t'id-n^s. s. The quality of stinking. Fetloc k, ffit'l6k. s. A tuft of hair tha^ grows behind the pastern-joint Fetter, fet'tftr. 9- It is comnionly used in the plural. Fetters. Chains for the feet. To Fetter, fiSt'tAr. v. a. To bmd, to enchain, to shackle, to tie. To Fettle, f^&t^tl. v. n. (405). To dp trifling business. Fetus, f&'tiis. s. (296) (489). Any animal in embryo, any thing yet in the womb. C^ Whence can arise the different quantity of the t in Fetw and Tetidt Till a better reason appear, let us suppose the follow- ing: ii^fw, except the diphthong, retains its Latin form, and therefore is naturally pronounced witli its first syllable long. Fetid is anglicised; and as most of thes^ anglicised words of two syllables are de- rived from Latin words of three where the first, be it ^ort or long, is in our Eng- lish-Latin pronounced short, the same syllable in the English words is generally 9hort like wise. Thisha^'establishedsomer thip^likearulej and this rule has short- ^ned the first syllable of Fetid^ though long in the Latin fWt^dW.-^ee Drama. Feud, fMe. s. (264). Quarrel, conten- tion. Feudal, fii'dftl. a. Pertaining to fees or tenures by which lands are held of a superior lord. Feudal, fviMai.s. Adq)endance,8ome* thing held by tenure. Feudatory, ft'd4-tOr**. s. One who holds not in chief, but by some condition- al tenure.->For the o^ see Domestic^. V I D 4tf« 9t& 37* (559).— F&te, fib-, {Ul, fit;— md, mit-,-^pbe, pln;^ pBTSR^ £6'viAr. s. A disease in which the body is violentlv heated, and the pulse quickened, or in which beat and cola pre- vail by turns. It is sometimes continual, sometimes intermittent. Feveret, ft-v^r-^t', s. A slight fever^ febricula. Fe V EBFB w, ft'Wir-fii. s. An herb. Feverish, ft'vAr-ish. a. Troubled with a fever; tending to a fever; uncertain, inconstant, now hot, now cold ; hot, burn- ing. Feverish NESS, f&VQr-lsh-nds. s. A slight disorder of the feverish kind. Fev ERoua^ ffe'vAr-fts. a. Troubled with a fever or ague ; having the nature of a '' fever J having a tendency to produce fevers. Fevery, fi&'vik'^. a. Diseased with a fever. Few, fd. a. Not many, not a great num- ber. FEWELjfill. s. (99). Combustible mat- ter, ^ firewood, coal. Few NES6, f^'n^s. s. Smallness of num- ber. Fib, fib. s. A lie, a falsehood. To Fib, fib. v. n. To lie, to tell lies. FipBKB, fib'bi&r. s. A teller of fibs. Fibre, fi^^v* s. (416). Asmall thread or string. Fibril, fiVil. s. A small fibre or , string. FiBROuS) fil)ri&s'. a. (314). Composed of fibres or stamina. FiBULA^fib'u-l^.s. The outer and lesser hotm of the legi much smaller than the iihia. Fickle, flk'kl. a. (405). Changeable, inconstant, unsteady; not fixed, subject to vicissitude. FicKLENEas,flk^kl-n^. s. Inconstancy, uncertainty, unsteadiness, FicKLY, flkTtl-ld.ad. Without certain- ty or stability, Fictile, flkMl. a- (140). Manufactur- ed by the potter. Fiction, f ik'shAn. s. The act of fitign- ing or inventing ;,the thing feigned or in. vented ; a falsehood* a iie. Fictious, fik'tshis. a. (292). Ficti- tious, imaginary. Fictitious iik-tbh'As. a. Counterfeit, not genuine ; feigned; not real, not true, Fictitiously, flk'tlsh'Asi-l^. ad> False- ly, counterfeitly. Fiddle, fidMl^ s. A striaged instru- iMBt of musickt a violia To Fiddle, f Id'dl. v.n. (405). To plaf upon the fiddle; to trifle, to shift the hands often, and do nothing. FiDDLEFADDLB, fld'dMad'dl. a. Tri- fles. A cant word. Fiddler, fid'dl-i&r. s. A musician^one that plays upon the fiddle. Fiddlestick, f Id'dl-stik. s. The bow and hair which a fiddler draws over tht strings of a fiddle. Fiddlestring^ fid'dl-strlng. s. The string of a fiddle. Fidelity, f^dd'i-t^. s. (126). Ho- nesty, faithful adherence. ToFidge, fldje. ^ v n T^ To Fidget, fldje'it. (99). S ^'"- * ° move nimbly and irregularly. A eant wotd. Fiducial, ffe-di'shal. a.. (126) (357). Confident, undoubting. ([y For the impropriety of pronouncing the second syllable of this and the two follow- ing woras, as if written ^*f)«, as Mr. She- ridan has marked them, see Principles, No. 376 and 472. Fiduciary, fi-cliVsh^-i-ri.s. One who holds any thing in trust ; one who depends on faith without works. Fiduciary, f^-dii'shi-i-ri. s. Confi- dent, steady, imdoubting. Fief, fS^f. s. A fee, a manor, a posses- sion held by some tenour of a superior. Field, i'^^^Id. s. (275). Ground not in- habited, not built on ; cultivated tract of ground; the open country-, opposed to quarters ; the ground of battle ; the ground occupied by any army ; a wide expanse ; space, compass, extent s in heraldry, the surface of S shield. Fielded, f^^l'd^d. a. Being in field of battle. Field-basil, li&^Id^bdz-ll. s. A plant. FiELDBED, i^M'bM, s. Abed contriv- ed to be set up easily in the field. Fieldfare, f^mre. s. (5 15). A bird. Fieldmarshal, ft^ld-TO&r'shdl. s. Commander of an army in the field. FiELDMouss, f(&£ld'm6i!isc. s. Amdusc that burrows in banks. FxELDOFFicER, f^fe^Id-^ffife-siir. s. An ofiicer whose command in the field ex- tends to a whole regiment, as the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major. FiELDPiECE, f(6^1d'p£^se. s. Small can- non used in battles, but not in sieges. Fiend, fttod. s. (275). An enemy, the great enemy of mankind^ Satan ; any ip- iemal being. 7I» M7 PIL mmtAf^ mAve, ii6r, ii&C;«*lAber tAb» bAII;— ^JU ;— pMknd^-^/Mii^ this. i^f^RcXf f^rse^ or firie. a* Savac^j rftvenoos ; vehemeat ; outrageous j liirious ; ttitmr, forcible. «np7j ({j* 1*be first nuMe of pronouncing thia word ifl the most general ; the second is heard chiefly on the Stage. Actors, who have such continual occasion to express the pas- sions, feel a propriety in giving a snort vowel sound to a word denotingji rapid «Bdnolent emotion; and therefore^though this pronunciation may be said to be gram matically improper, it is philosoplucaUy rigfat.—See Cheebful. FiCACKLY, fi&^rsc^i^, or f^rse^l^. ad. . Violently, funouriy. FiK&GKNEss, i^^raeWs, or f<&rae^n^s. •. Ferocity, savageness; Tiolence, out- rageous passion. Fiii^iiiFACtAs, fi-^-r^^i^'shC^s. s. (ft8). In. Uw, a judicial vrrit for him that has recovered in an action of debt or damages, to the shejiti; to command him to levy the debt, or the damages. Fi£RiN£S5> fi'^r-^-n^. 8. Hotqua- Uties, heat, acrimony ; heat of temper, intellectual ardour. Fi£RT^ f I'^r-^. a. Consisting of fire ; hot like £re ; vehement, ardent, active ; passionate, outrageous, easily provoked ; unrestrained, fierce ; heated by tire. FiPi^ fife. 8. A pipe blown to the drum. Fifteen, flft^^n. a. Five and ten. Fifteenth, f if t66n//i. a. The fifth after the tenth. Fifth, fifth* a. The next to the fourth. Fifthly, f if/A'14. ad. In the fifth place. Fiftieth, Hfti-^rA. a- (279). The next to the forty-ninth. Fifty, f ifti. a. Five tens. Fig, fig. $« A tree that bears figs ; the fi-uit of the fig-tree. FiGAPPtE, flg'4p-pl. 6« (405). A fruit. FiGMAaicoLD> fig-mli*^£-g6ld. a. A plant. To Fight, flte. v. n. Preter. Fought. Part pass. Fought. To contend in battle, to make war ; to contend in single fight ; to contend. To Fight, flte. v. a. To war against, to combat against. Fight, f ite. s. Battle ; combat, duel ; something to screen the combatants in ships. Fighter, fi'tdr, 8. Warriour^ duellist. Fighting, fitting, particip. a. Qua< £died for war, fit for bctOe ; occupied btf war. Figment, flg^m^nt. s. An InveMioD, a fiction, the idea feigned. FiGPECKER, f ig'p^k-i^r. 8. A bird. Figulate, flg'A-lAte. a. (91). Made of potter's clay. FiGURABLE, flg'A-rlfc-bl. a. Capable of bein^ brought to certain form, and re- tained m it Thus lead is Figurable, but not water. FiGUR ABILITY, fig-j-r4-bll'i-t^. 8. Tlie quality of being capable of a certain and stable form. FiGURAL, f ig'u'HU. a. Belonging to figure. FiGURATE, fig'^i-rite, a. (91). Of a certain and determinate form^ resembliag any thing of a determinate form. FiGjuRATioN, f ig-u-ri'shCin. s. Deter- mination to a certain form ; the act of giv- ing a cerUun foi*m. Figurative, flg'u-r^-tlv. a. Repre- senting something else, typical ; not lite- ral ; fiill of rhetorical exbortations. Figur ATivELY,f ig'iwra-tiv-l^. ad. By a figure, in a sense different from (hat which words originally imply., Figurk, fig'ure. s. The figure of any thing as terminated by the outlines; shape; person, externa) form, appearance mean or grand; distinguished appearance, emi- nence, remarkable character ; a statue, an image ; representations in painting ; a character denoting a number ; the horo- scope, the diagram of the aspect of the astrological houses ; in theology, type, re- presentative ; in rhetorick, any mode of speaking in which words are detorted from their literal and primitive sense ; in gram- mar, any deviation from the rules of ana* logy or syntax. QCj* There is a coarse and a delicate pronun- ciation of this word and its compounds. ' The first is such a pronunciation as makes the u short and shut, as if written /^jw.- the last preserves the sound of « open, as if 7 were prefixed, fig-yvre. That this is the true sound of open u, see Principki, No. 8. To Figure, f Ig'iire. v. a. To fiwTn into any determined shape } to cover or adorn witli figures; to diversify; to ropre- sent by a typical or figurative resem- blance ; to image in tl)e mind ; to form figuratively, to use in a sense not literal. FiGWORT, figVArt. s, A plant. Filaceous, fc-lA'sh^. a. (357). Con- sisting of threads. FiLACJbR, fil^a-sCir. a. (98). An offi- P IL 459 F IN jy (559).^Fite, ftr, fill, ftt i-^mij »&;— pbe, pin To FiLLiF, fillip. ccf in the Coraraon Pleas, so called be- caase he files those writs whereon he makes process. Filament, fU'd-radnt. s. A slender thread, a boy slender and long^ like a thread. "Filbert, flUjArt. s. (98). A fine hazel nut with a thin shell. • To Fi LC u, f U sh . V. n. To steal, to pilfer. FiLCHER, filsh'Ar. s.(98). A thief, a petty robber. File, file, s* A thread; a line on which papers are strung^; acatalo^e, roll; a line of soldiers ranged one behind ano- ther ; an instmment to smooth metals. FiLEcuTTER, f ile'ktit-Ar. s. A maker of fiks. To File, file. v. a. To string upon a thread or wire ; to cut with a file ; to foul, to sully, to pollute. To File, f ile.^ v. n. To march in file, not abreast, but one behind another. FiLEMOT, f il'^-m6t. s. A brown or yellow brown colour. Filer, f llAr. s. (98). One who files, one who uses the file in cutting metals, Filial, fU'ydl. a. (113). Pertaining to a son, befitting a son ; bearing the cha- racter or relation of a son. Filiation, fi]*^-i'shAn. s. The rela- tion of a son to a father, corralatire to pa< temity. Filings, fi'llngz. s* Fragments rub- bed off by the file. ToFiLL,fll. v.a. To store till no more . can be admitted ; to pour liquor into vessel till it reaches the top ; to satisfy, to content ; to glut, to surfeit j to fill out, to poup out liquor for drink, to extend by something contained ; to fill up, to make full, to supply, to occupy by bulk. To Fill, f 11. v. n. To give to drink ; to grow full ; to glut, to satiate. Fi LL, f ij. s. As much as may produce complete satisfaction ; the place between the shafts of a carriage. Filler, filler, s* Any thing that fills up room without use ; one whose em- ployment is to fill vessels of carriage. Fillet, fUlit. s. (99). A band tied round the head or other part; the fleshy part of the thigh, applied commonly to veal; meat rmled together, and tied round; in architecture^ a little member which appears in the mnaments and mouldings, and is otherwise called listel. To Fillet, fll'lit. v. a. To bind with a bandage or fillet ; to adorn with an astragal V. a. To strike with the nail of the finger by a sudden spring. Fillip, fUl^j. s. A jerk of the fin- ger let go fi*om the thumb. Filly, fil'l^. s. A young mare; op- posed to a colt or young horse. Film, film* s. A thin pellicle or skin. To Film, film. v. a. To cover with a pellicle or thin skin. FiLMT, f irm6. a. Composed of thin pellicles. To Filter, fiKt^ir. v. a. To clear by drawing off liquor by depending threads ; to stain, to percolate. Filter, fU'tflr- s. A twist of thread, of which one end is dipped in the liquor to be cleared, and the other hangs below the bottom of the vessel, so that the li- quor drops from it ; a strainer, a charm, a love-potion. Filth, ifllM. s. Dirt, nastiness; cor- ruption, pollution. Filthily, f UM'^-W. ad. Nastily, foul- ly, grossly. Filthiness, flUA'i-nds. s. Nastiness^ foulness, dirtiness ; corruption, pollution. Filthy, flW^. a. Nasty, foul, dirty ; gross, polluted. To Filtrate, fll'trdte. V.a. (91). To strain, to percolate. Filtration, fil-tri'shfin. s. A me- thod by which liquors are procured fine and clear. FiMBR lATED, fiml>r*.d-tdd. a. Fring- ed, edged round, jagged. Fin, fin. s. The wing of a fish. FiN-FooTED,fln'ffit-^d.a. Having feet witli membranes between the toes. Finable, fi'nd-bl. a. (405). That ad- mits a fine. Final, fi'nil. a. (88). Ultimate, last ; conclusive ; mortal { respecting the end or motive. Finally, f i'nftl-^. ad. Ultimately, in conclusion, completely, without reco- very. Finance, fln-ndnse'. s. Revenue, in- come, profit. Financier, fln-nin-s^^r'. s. ($57). One who collects or farms tlie publick revenue. Ff N AR Y, f i'n4-r6. s. The second forge at the iron mills. Finch, flnsh. s. A small bird; of which there fire three kinds» the gold- finch, the chaffinch, and bulfinch. To Find, find. v. a. To obtain by aearchingor seeking; to obtain aometbiiir FIN 459 FIR — nif mdre, n*r, ii6t ;-^be, tftb, b&U ;— AM ;— pAAnd ;~rAiii, thii^ . loit) tomeet with» to faU upon; to know by experience; to discover by study; to diflcover what is hidden; to hit on by chance^ to perceive by accident ; to detect. to deprehend, to catch ; to determine by bhr or thieviihly ; to^ touch an instrument of musick ; to perform any work exqui- sitely with the finsers. FiNOLEFANOLB, flng^gl-fdng'gl. S. A trifle. to unriddlfey to solve ; to discover some things hidden, to obtain the knowledge of; to invent Finder, f Ind'ih*. s. One that meets or fulls upon anything; one that picks up any thing lost. FiNDFAULT, find'filt. s. A ceosurer, a caviller. FiN£, fine. a. Refined, pure, free from dross ; subtle, thin, as the fine spirits eva- poratcf refined; keen, smoothly sharp ; clear, pellucid, as the wine is fine ; nice, deh'cate ; artful, dexterous ; elegant, with elevation; beautiful, with dignity; ac coraplished, elegant of mamiers ; showy, splendid. Fine, fine. s. A mulct, a pecuniary punishment ; penalty ; forfeit, money paid lor any exemption or liberty ; the end, conclusion. To Fine, fine. v. a. To refine; to pu- rify ; to make transparent ; to pimish with pecuniary penalty. Te Fine, fine. v. n. To pay a fine. ToFiNBDRAW, f me'driw. v. a. To sew up a rent with so much nicety that it is not perceived. FiHibDRAWER, fine'driw-&r. s. One whose business is to sew up rents. FnfEFiNGERED, f Ine'fing-g^r'd. a. Kice, artful, exquisite. Finely, finely, ad. Beautifully, ele- gantly ; keenly, sharply ; in small parts ; wretchedly [ironically]. Fineness, fine'nfis. s. Elegance, deli- cacy ; sliow, splendour ; artfulness, inge- nuity; purity, fireedom from dross or base mixtures. Fi ne R Y, f i'nir-^. s. (557). Show, splen- dour of appearance. Finesse, fi&-n^'. s. (126). ^rtiRcd stratagem. Finer, fi'niir. s. (98). One who puri- fies metals. Finger, fing'gAr. s. (381), The flexi- ble member of Uie band by which men catch and hold ; a small inetuture of exten- sion; the hand, tiie insti-ument of work. To Finger, fing'g&r, v.«. To touch li^tJy, to toy with ; to touch unscasona- fluous nicety. To Finish, fblsh. v. a. To bring to the end proposed, to perfect, to polish t* the excellency intended. Finisher, fb'lsh-dr. s.One that finish- es. Finite, fl'nite. a. (126). Limited; bounded. FiKiTELEss, fKnite*l^s. a. Without bounds, unlimited. Finitely, f i'nite-1*. ad. Within cer- tarn limits, to a certain deg^e. Finiteness, fi'nlte-n^s. s. Limitation^ confinement within certain boundaries. FiNiTUDE, fin'^rtde. s. Limitation^ confinement within certain boundai-ies. FiNLEss, fln'l^s. a. Without fins. FiNLiKE, fin'like.a. Formed in imita- tion of fins.^ Finned, flnU a. (362). Having broad edg^s spread out on either side. Finny, fin'n^. a. Furnished with finsj formed for the element of water. FiNTOED, fin't6de. a. Having a mem- brane between the toes. FiNocHio, f(&-n6'sh^-6. s. Fennel. Fir, f(&r. s. (109). The tree of which deal-boards are made. Fire, fire. s. The element that bums ; any thing burning; a conflagration of towns or countries ; the punishment of the damned ; any thing that inflames the pas- sions ; ardour of temper ; liveliness of imagination, \-igour of fancy, spirit of sen- timent ; the passion of lore ; eruptions or imposthumations, as St. Anthony's fire. Fi&EARMs, f ire'^nnz s. Arms which owe their efiicacy to iirc, guns. Fireball, fii^e'b^iK s. Grenado, ball filled with combustibles, and bursting where it is thrown. Fire BRUSH, fire'brfish. s. The brush which hangs bytlie fire-side to sweep the liearth. FiREDRAKE, fire'drike. s. A fiery ser- pent Fi renew, fire'nA. a. . New from the forge, new fi'om the melting-house. FiRER, f ii-e'Ar. s. (98). An incendia- riR 4» Fit 27* (559)..^4te, ikTy Oil, l&t ^«-4u«, m^ f^-pioe, pla ;~ Fireside, fire-side^ s. The hearth, the chimney. FiRESTicK, fire'slik. s. A lighted stick or brand. FiREwoRKSi fire'wfirks. s. Prepara- tions of gtmpowder to be exhibited for sliow or publick rejoicing. To Fire, fire. v. a. To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame the passions, to animate. To Fire, fire. v. n. To take fire, to be kindled *» to be influenced with passion to discharge any fire-arms. Firebrand, fire^r4nd. s. A piece of wood kindled: an incendiary, one who inflames factions. FiRECROSs, fire'kr6s. a. A token in Scotland for the nation to take arms. Firelock fire'lok. js. A soldier's gun, a gun discharged by striking steel with a flint. FiREM AN, f ire'min. s. (88). One who is employed to extinguish burning houses. Firepan, fire'pdn. s. A pan for hoki ing or carr}iiig fire ; in a gun, the recep- tacle for the priming powder. FiRESHiF, fire-ship. s. A ship filled vnth combustible matter to fire the ves- sels of the enemy. FiRESHOvEL, fire'shftv-v'l. s. The in- ctrument with which the hot coals are thrown. Firestone, fire'st&ne. a, A hearth stone, stone that will bear the fire, the I^ndtea. Firewood, f Ire'wtii s. Wood to bum, fuel. Firing, fi'rhig. s. Fcwel. To FiRK, ftrk. V. a. To whip, to beat. Firkin, f^r'khi. s. A vessel containing nine gaUons ; a small vessel. Firm, fferm. a. ( 108). Strong, not easily Itterced or shaken ; hard, opposed to soft ; constant, steady, reaolute,fixed, unshaken. To Firm, fl&rm. v. a. To setUe, to con- firm, to establish, to fix ; to fix without wandering. Firmament, f§r'm&-m^nt. s.The sky. the heavens. Firm AMENTA l, {i^r-mlL-m^'tftl^a. Ce- lestial, of the upper regions. Firmly, fferm'l^. ad. Strongly; impe- netrably ; immoveably t steadily, constant- ly Firmness, ftnn'nds. s. Stability, com- pactness i steadines8,constancy,resolution. First, ffirst. a. (108). The ordinal of one ; earliest in time ; hi^^est in dignity ; gteat, excellent. First, iiant. ad. Before any thing eht^ earliest ; before any other cmisideratioil ; at the beginning, at first First-got, fftrst'got. First-beootten, fftrst^-g&t't'n. s. The eldest of children. First-fruits, f^rst'fr&dts. s. What the season first produces or matures p€ any kind; the first profits of any thuig; the earliest effects of any thing. Firstling, farst'Jing. s. The first pro- duce or offspring ; the thing first thought . or done. Fiscal, fblidl. s. (88). Exchequer, revenue. Fish, fish. s. An animal that inhabits the water. To TisH, fish, v.iu To be employed in catching fish ; to endeavour at any thing by artafice. To Fish, fish. v. a. To search water in quest offish. Fish-hook, flsh'hddk. s* A hook for catching fish. Fishpond, f ish^p^nd. s. A-smallpool for fish. Fisher, f ish'Ar. s. (98). One who is employed in catching fish. Fisherboat, f ish'ur-b6te. s. A boat employed in catching fish. Fisherman, f isli^Ar-min. s« (88). One whose employment and Kvelihood is to catch fish. Fishery, flsh'Ar-d. s. The business of catching fish. Fishful, f Ish'f&l. a« Abounding with fish. To Fishif Y, f lsh'6-f I. V. a- To turn to fish. Fishing, fishing, s. Commodity of taking fish. Fishkettle, flsh'kit-tl. s. (405). A caldron made long for the fish to be boil* ed without bending. FisHMEAL, flsh'm^le. s* Diet of fish. Fishmonger, flsh'mAng-g(ir. s. A dealer in fish. Fishy, f ish'^. a. Consisting of fish ; having the qualities of fish. Fissile, fisViI. a. (140). Having the grain in a certain direction, so as to be cleft Fissility, fis-sir^d. s. The quality of admitting to be cloven.. Fissure, flsh'shiire. s. (452). A cleft, A narrow ^hasm where a breach has been laade. tl% 4*1 FLA .m>^ m^, nAr, iite;--*4Jibe, tAb, btil-,^^U;«--{>Miid; /Mn, tbxb. VtST) flat. 8. The hand clenched wkh the fingers doubled doim. Fisticuffs, fU\^*kAfs. 8. Battle with the fist. Fistula, fls'tshti-lft. s. (461). A sinu- ous ulcer, callous within. FiSTULAR, f Is^tsh^-l&r. a. (88). Hollow like a|Mpe. Fistulous, fls'tshA-lAs. a. Having the nature of a fistula. Fit, fit. s. A paroxysm of any intermit- tent distemper ; any short retuni after in- termission ; disorder, distemperature ; the hysterical disorders of vromen, and the conTulsions of children. Fit, fU. a. Qualified, proper; conve- iuent» meet, right. To Fit, flu V. a. To suit one thing to another; to accommodate a person with any thing; to be adapted to, to suit any thing; to fit out, to furnish, to equip ; to fit up» to furnish, to make proper for use. [ Iq Flag To Fit, fit. v. a. To be proper, to be* ' fit Fitch, fltsh. s. A smaU kind of wild pea. Fitchat, fltshlt. ?. A ^ i_. Fitchew, fk't8hd6. 5 *• A stinking little beast, thst robs the henroost and warren. Fitful, fit'fai. a. Varied by parox- ysms. Fitly, fkl^. ad. Properly, justly, p^ sonably ; commodiously, meetly. Fitness, f It^n^s. s. Propriety, meet ness, justness, reasonableness ; conveni< ence, commodity, the state of being fit Fitment, fU'mdnt s. Something adapted to a particular purpose. Fitter, f it't&r. s. The person or thing that confers fitness for any thing. Fits, five. a. Four and one, half of ten. Fivelsavbd Grass, five'lWv'd. s. CinqoefbU, a species of clover^ Fives, flvz. s. A kind of play with a ball ; a disease of horses. To Fix, fiks. v. a To make festf to settle ; to direct without variation ; to de* Drive of voUtility; to transfix; to with- hold from motion. To Fix, fiks. v. n. To determine the resoltttioil ; to rest, to cease to wander ; to lose vola^lity, so as to be malleable. FtXATioN, flk^sA'sh^n. s. Stability, firmness : confinement ; want of volatility ; reduction fix»m fluidity to firmpess^ FixsnLY, flk's^-l^. ad. (364). Cer« tainly, firmly. FiXEPNEss, f Ik'sM-nds. s. (365). Sta- bility ; want of loss or volatility ; steadi* ness, settled opinion or resolution. FixiniTY, f ik-sid^6-t£. s. Coherence of parts. Fixity, flk's^-ti. s. Coherence of parts. Fixture, fik'tsh&re. s. (463). Firm- ness ; Stable state ; a piece of fimoiture fixed to a house. FixuRE, f ik'sh&re. s. (479). Firm- ness, stable state.— Dr. AmL Fizgig, f ix'gig. s. A kind of dart or harpoon, with which seamen strike fish. Flabby, fl4b1>^. a. Soft, not firm. Flaccid, fl4k'sld . a. Weak, limber, not stiiT; lax, not tense.— See ExAoozaATK. FLAcciDiTY,.fl&k-skl'^-t^. St Laxity, limbemess, want of tension. flig. V. n. To hang loose without stiffness or tension ; tos^w spi- ritless or dejecud ; to grow feeble, to lose vigom*. To Flag, fl4g. v. a. To let fell, to suf- fer to droop ; to lay with broad stones. Flag, flig. s. A water-plant with ^, broad-bladed leaf and yellow flower ; the colours or ensign of a ship or land forces ; a species of stone used for smooth pave* ment FLAG-BRooii, fl&g1)rMm. s. A broom for sweeiHi^ flags or pavements. Flag-officer, fldg'cf-fe-sAr. s. A commander of a squadron. Flag-ship, flig'shlp. s. The ship in which the commander of a fleet is. Fl AG-woRii,fldg'wArm. s. A grub bred in watery places among flags or sedse. FLAGELET,fl4dje'^-iei. S. Asmallflute- FLAGELLATION, fiddje-'^I-U'shilin. s. The use of the scourge. Flagoinbss, il^g'ge-n£s. s. Laxity, limbemess. Flaggy, flig'g6. a. (383). Weak, lax, limber; insipid. Flagitious, fl^-jlsh'at. ft. Wickedf vfllanous, atrocious. Flagitiqusness, fi^-jlsh^dis-n^s. s. Wickedness, villany. Flagon, Mg^iin. s. (166). A vessel of drink with a narrow mouth* Flagrancy, fl^^grin-sd. s. Burning heat, fire. F»AGRAKT,flA'gr4nt.a, Ardent, bumr ing, eager*, glo^g; «ed; potoiioils, flamiDg;. 2T FLA 46:2 FLA jy (559)— FAtc, fir, fan, at ;— «i*, in£t;.^ine, pln;- FLAGHATiow,fl4-gr4'5h(in.8.Buniing. Flagstaff, flig'stdf. s. The staff on which the flag is fixed. Flail, Mle. s. (202). Theinstramcnt with which grain is beaten out of the ear. fLAKE, flike. 8. Any thing that ap- E;ars loosely held toeether ; a Btratum, yer, a lock of wool drawn out Flaky, fli'k^i. a. Loosely hanging to- gether ; lying in layers or strata, broken mto lamina. Flam, Aim. s. A felachood, a lie, an illusory pretext To Flam, Mm. v. a. To deceive with a lie. FLAMBEAir,Mm1)A. s. (245). Alighted torch. Plural Flambeaux. Flame, flAme. s. Light emitted fix)m fire ; a stream of fire ; ardour of temper or imagination, brightness of fancy ; ar- dour of inclination ; passion of love. To Flame, flime. v. n. To shine as ftre, to bum with emission of light; to blaze ; to break out in violence of passion. FLAME-'COLouREDjMme'kAl-Wir'd. a. (362). Of a bright yellow colour. pLAMEN,flA'm^ri. s. (503). A priest in ancient times, one that officiated in so- lemn offices. <£/• If there be any case in which we are to take our English quanti^ from the Latin, it is in wor£i of two syllables which re- tain their Latin form, andbave the vowel in the first syllable long.— See Dhama. Flammation, fl^m-mi'shin. s. The act of setting on flame. Flammability, flim-m4-bU'^-t*. s. The quality of admitting to be set on fire. Flammeous, fi&m'm^-iis. a. Consist- ing of flame. Flammiferovs, fitei-mirf(6-dis. a. (518). Bringing flame. FlAmmivomous, Mm-mlv'i-m^s. a. (528). Vomiting out flame. Flamy, fl4'mad ears. To Flare, Aire. v. n. To flutter with a splendid show ; tos^tter with transient lustre ; to glitter oflfensively ; to be in too ^ nrach li/ht Flash, flash, s. A sudden, quick, traiv- sitory blaze ; sudden burst of vfit or mer- rimei^ ; a shorttransient state ; a body of water driven by violence. To Flash, fldsh. v.n. To glitter with a qiiick and transient flame ; to burst out into any kind of violence ; to break out into wit, merriment, or bright thought. To Flash, flish. v. a. To strike up large bodies of water. Flasher, fldsh'dr. s« A man of more appearance of wit than reality. Flashily, flash'^-1^. ad. With empty show. Flashy, flash'^. a. Empty, not solid ; showy, without substance ; insipid, vrith- out force or spirit Flask, fldsk. s. A bottle, a vessel ; a powder-horn. Flasket, fl^sklt. s. A vessel in which viands are served. Fl AT,flit. a.HorizQntally level ^ smooth, without protuberances; vnthout eleva- tion? level with the ground; huig hori- zontally prostrate, lying along ; in paint- ing, without relief, without prominence ai the figures ; tasteless, insipid ; dull« unanimated; spiritiess, dejected; peremp- tory, absolute, downright; notshaxpin sound. Flat, Mt. s. A level, anextended plane ; even ground, not mountainous » a smooth low ground exposed to inundations ; shal- low, strand, place in the sea where the water is not deep ; the broad side of a blades depression of thought or language ; a mark or character in musick^ FLA 4& FLE To Flat, flit v. a. To level, to de- press, to make broad and smooth; to make vapSd. To Flat, flit. v. n. To grow flat, op-^ pos^d to swell; to become unanimated or vapid. Fl ATLONG, flit'l6ng. ad. With the flat downwards, not edgewise. Flatly, flat'l*. ad. Horizontally, with- out inclination ; without prominence or elevation ; without spirit, dully, fingidly ; peremptorily, downright Flatness, flit'nes. s. Evennesi, level extension ; want of relief or prominence ; deadness, insipidity, vapidness ; dejection of state ; dejection of mind, want of life ; dolness, insipidity, frigidity ; the contrary to shrillness or acuteness of sound To Flatten, fl4t't*n. v. a. (405). To make even or level, without prominence or elevation ; to beat down to'the ground ; to mate vapid r to deject ; to depress, to dispirit To Flatten, ft4t'-t'n. v. n. To p^w even or level ; to grow dull and insijnd. Flatter, flit'tiir. s.(98). The work- man or instrument by which bodies are flattened. To Flattbb, fltt'tftr. v. a. To sooth with praises, to please with blandish- ments ; to praise falsely ; to raise &lse hopev. Flatterer, fl4t't(it-rAr. s. One who flatters, a fawner, a wheedler. Flattery, flit'tftr-^. s. (557), False praise, artfuJL obsecittiousness. Flattish, flit'tlsh.a. Somewhat fiat, approaching to flatness. Flatulency, flitsh'ii-lftn-sA. s. (461). Windiness, turgidness ; emptiness, vanity. Flatulent, fl4tsh'u-16nt. a. Turgid with air, windy; empty, vain, big with- out substance or reality, pufiy. Flatuosity, flitsh-i-6s'^-t6. s. Wif\dines8, fulness of air. Flatuous, flitsh'i-ds. a. Windy, full of vrind. Flatus, fli'tds. s. Wind gathered in any cavitie s of the body. Flatwise, flit'wize. ad. With the flat downwards, not the edge. To Flajunt, fl^nt v. n. (214). To make a fluttering show in apparel ; to be . hung with something loose and flying. Flaunt, fl&nt s. Any thing loose aad airy. Flavour, fli'v5r. 8. (314). Power of pleasing the taste; sweetness to the smelly odour, fragnmct. b(Ul;— ^U;— p6^d;— Min, this. Flavorous, fl4'vAr-As. a. (557). De- lightful to the palate ; flragrant, odorous. Flaw, fikw. s. A crack or breach in anything ; afauh, a defect ; a sudden gust; a violent blast; a tumult, a tempestuous uproar ; a sudden commption of mind. To Flaw, fiiw. v. a. To break, to crack, to damage with fissure. FLAWLESs,fl^w^^s.a. Withoutcrad», without defects. Flawy, flliw^^. a. Full of flaws. Flax, Mks. s. The fibrous plant of which the finest thread is made r the fibres of flax cleansed and combed for the spinner. Flaxcomb, fliks'k^. s. The instru- ment with which the fibres of flax are cleansed from the brittle parts. Flaxdressbr, flftks'dr£s-8Jkr. s. He that prepares flax for the spinner. Flaxen, fl&kVn. a. (103). Made of flax; fiur, lone, and flowing. Flaxweejd, flaks^w^M. s. A plant. To Flay, fl4. v. a. (221). To strip off the skin ; to take ofl" the skin or sivface of any thing. Xj^ There is a common pronunciation of this word as if spelled/ea, rhyming with «ea, which is every day growing more vulgar. Flayer, fli'Ar. s. He that strips the skin off" any thing. Flea, fi^. s. A small insect, remarka- ble for its afplity in leaping. To Flea^A^. v. a. To clean from fleas. Fleabane, fl^'bine. s. A plant. Fleabite, fl^'bkc. > p . Fleabitino, fl^^l-tkig. 5 ®' ^^ marks caused by fleas ; a small hurt or painlike that caused by the sting of a flea. Fleabitten, fl^1>lt-rn. a. (103). Stung bv fleas ; mean, worthless. Flear, fiok of birds flying to|peth/er, the birds producedm the same •esson, as the harvest flight of pigeons ; a VDJIey, a shower ( the space passed by flj- ing^ heat of imagination, sally of the souL Flicjhty, fll'ti. su Fleeting, swift; wild* full (^imaginatioii. FLiMst, film^z^. a. Weldi^ feeble; mean, sjMritless, without foi«e. To FuNCH, iUnsh. ▼. n. To shrink ftom any suffering or undertaking. Flincher, fllnsh^Ar. s. He who shrinks or fails in any lAatter. To Fniic, fltog. V. a. Pret. Flung ; P«ut . Flung or Flang. To east from the hand, to throw; to dart, to cast with violence « to scatter ; to drive bv violence ; to cast re- proach ; to flinf donn, to demolish, to fujfi I to fling oft, to baile in the chase. To Fling, fling, v. n. I'o flounce to wince, to fly into fioient motions ; to fling out, tc^grow unruly or outrageous. Flixg, fling, s. A throw, a cast; a gibe, a sneer, a contemptuous remariL FuvcftR, ftlng'ik'. s. (409). He who throws. Flint, flint, s. A kind of stone used in flreloeks ; any thing emineoUj or pro* verbiaJly htfd. Flinty, BWi. a. Made of flint, strong ; haixl of heart, inexorable. Flip, flip, s* A liquor much used in ships, made by mixing beer with iqurits and sugar. A eaat vrard. Flippant, fUp'pAnt. a. Nimble, moveable : it is used only of the act of speech ( pert, talkative. Flippantly, flip'pftnt-l^. ad. In a flowing, prating way. To Flirt, flflrt. v. a. (108). To throw anf thing with a ^ck elsstick motion ; to m&ve with quickness. To Flirt, flArt. v. n. To jeer, to gibe one ; to run about perpetually, to be unsteady and fluttering; to coquet with men. FLiRTyfldrL s. A quick elastick mo- tion; a sudden trick; a pert hussey; a coquette. Flirtation, fi^-tA^shAn. s. A quick sprightly- molioD ; coquetry. To Flit, flk. ▼. n. To fly away ; to remove ; to flutter i to be flux or unstable. Flitcb, filuh. B. The side of a hog salted and cured. FLiTTRRHovsK^flit^Ar-m^^ise.s. The bAD}— Allj-'-pAted;^— /Am, this. Flitting, fiit^ting. a. An offence, a fault, a flying away. Flix, fllks. s. Down, fur, soft hair. To Float, flAte. v. n. (295). To swim on the surface of the water ; to pass with a light irregular course. To Float, fl6te. v. a. To cover with Float, fl6tc. s. The act of flowmg ; an}^ body so contrived or formed as to swim on the water; the cork or quill by which the angler discovers the bite. Floaty, fl6't£. a. Buoyant and swim- ming a-top. Flock, fl6k. s. A company of birds or beasts; a company of sheeivdistinguish- edfrom herds, which are oroxen ; abody of men ; a lock of wool. To Flock, fl6k. v. n. To gather in crowds or large numbers. To Flog, fl6g. v. a. To lash, to whip. Flood, flAd. s. (308). A body of water; a deluge, an inundation; flow, flux, not ebb ; catamenia. To Flood, flfld. v. a. To deluge, to cover with waters. FLboDCATE, fli^d'g&te. s. Gate or shutter by which the watercourse is clos- ed or opened at pleasure. Flook, fld6k. s. (306). The broad part of the anchor whidi takes hold of the ground. Floor, flArc. s. (310). The pave- ment ; that part of a room on which we tread ; a siorv, a flight of rooms. To Floor, flAre. v. a. To cover the bottom with a floor. Flooring, fl&'rbg. s. Bottom, floor- To Flop, fl6p. v. a. To clap the wings with noise. Floral, fi6'rkL a. Relating to Flon^ or to flowers. Florkrce, fl6r^tose. s. A kind of ckfth ; a kind of wine. Floret, fl6'r6t, s. A small imperfect ^ower. Florid, flArld. a. (544). Productive of flowers, covered with flowers ; bright in colour, flushed with red; embellislMed, splendid. Floridity, fl^-rld'^-C^. s. Freshness of colour. FL0RiDV£ss,fi6r'ld-n£s. s- Freshness of coloiy ; embettishmettt, ambitious ele- gance. Flqrif£rous, fl6-rlf£&Hr^. a. (518). Productive (^flowers. FLO 466 FLe ST* (559)/— F&te, Or, Oil, fit;— ni«, mM;— pfaie^ pin; FtoitiK, fl6r'in* s. A coin first made by the Florentines. That of Germany is four shillings and six-pence, that of Spun four shillings and four-pence half-^nny, tKat of Palermo and Sicily two shilling and six-pence, that of Hollsnd two shil- ling^ sterlinr. Florist, flAVisU s. A cultivator of flowers. (j3» Why we should pronounce JIon>< and/to- ret with the long o, unAfioridmAJloHn with the short sound of that letter, cannot easily be guessed. They are sU from the same original, are all anglicised, and consist but of two sjilables ; and the only tiling that can be gathered irom them is, the uncer- tainty of arguing from the Latin quantity to ours. See Drama, and Principles, No. 544. Flohulent, £61^6-1^1. a. Flowery, blossoming. Flosculous, fl68lrfl-1^8» a. Compos- ed of flowers. To FtoTE, fl6tc. V. a. To skim. ToFLOUNCE,fl6(inse. v.n.(312). To move with violence in the water or mire ; to move With weight and tumult ; to move with passionate agitation. To Flounce, fl6£nse. v. a. To deck with flounces. Flounce, fl6i!inse. s. Any thing sew ed to tlie garment, and hanging loose, so as to swell and shake ; a furbelow. Floundk.e, fl66n'dAr. s. (312). The name of a small flat fish. To Flounder, floin'dAr. v. n. To struggle with violent andirregidar motions. Flour, fl6{ir. a. The edible part of com, or any grain reducible to powder. (0* This word spelled in tliis manner is not in Johnson, though nothing seems better settled by custom than this distinction in the spelling between this word and the ^ofver of a plant. That words written alike ought not to be sounded diflerently in order to signifydiiferent things,lias been proved, H is presumed, under Uie word Bowl : but that words signifying difierent things, Hiough soimded alike, ought to be writ- ten differently, seems evident from the ne- ccsbity there is of making words which are the signs of ideas as diflbrent as the ideas themselves. In Uie former case we do not know to pronounce the word j9md, till we have iu meaning fixed by what fol. lows ; in the latter, though the ear is not sure of the idea till it has heard the con- text, the eye in reading is at no loas for the meaning of the word, nor are the organs in suspense how to pronounce it. The want ef a difierent sound to express a Afferent idea is an imperfeetion of the lanetxage in both cases ; but the want of a different nuurk to express difference of idea to the eye, would be a double imperfection. To Flourish, flAr'rlsh. v. n. (314). To be in vigour, not to fade ; to be in a prosperous state { to use florid langua^; to describe various figures by intersecting lines ; to boast, to brag s in musick, to play some prelude. To Flourish, flfir^rlsh. v. a. To adorn witl) vegetable beauty; to adorn with figures of needle-work ; to move any ^ing in quick circles or vibrations ; to adorn ^ith embellishments of language. Flourish, iltlir'nsh. s. Bravery, beau- ty ; an ostentatious embellisluneat, ambi- tious copiousness ; figures fiirmed by lines curiously or wantonly drawn. FLouRisHER,fliir'rish-Ar. s* One that is in prime or in prosperity. To Flout, fl66t. v. a. (312). To mock, to insult, to treat with mocker}' and contempt To Flout, Ehtt. x, n. To practise mockery, to behare with contempt Flout, fi6{lt. s. A mock, an insult. FL0UTER,fl6(it'{ir. 8. One who jeers. To Flow, £16. v. n. (324). To run or apread as water i to run, opposed to stand- ing waters ; to rise, not to ebb ; to melt; to proceed, to issue ; to glide smooUily, as a flowing period ; to write smoothly, to speak volubly; to be copious, to be fiiU ; to hang loose and waving. To Flow, fl6. v. a. To overflow, to deluge. Flow, fl6. s. The rise of the water, ' not the ebb ; a sndden plenty or abun- dance ; a stream of diction. : LOWER, fl6(i'6r. 8. (y8)(323). The part of a plant which contains the seeds i an omament,an embellishmentithe prime, the flourishing part } tlie edible part of com, the meal; tlie most excellent or valuable part of any thine. Flower-dk-luce, fi6{riir-d^-ltse'. s. A bulbous iris. To Flower, fldi'ftr. v. n. To be in flower, to be in blossom ; to be in the prime, to flourisli ; to froth, to ferment, to mantle i to conoe as cream horn the suHace. To Flower, flii^i'Ar. v. a. To adorn with fictitious or imitated flowers. Floweret, fl6(l'6r-4t ». A flower; a small flower. Flower-garden, fl6&^dr-g4rd*D. 6. A gaiden in which flowers are princi- pally cultivated. RLU' 467 FLY — n&i mdve, ttdr^ ii6t ;^-4&be9 tflb, Flowxrixrss, fl6(i'iir-d-n£8. s. The state of abounding in flovera ; floridneai ofapeech. Flowsrinobush, fi6{i'Ar-lng-b(Lah. s. A plant. Flowery, £l6(i'fir-^. a. Full of flowers, adorned -miti flowers real or iictitioua. ELowiNOLY,flA'ing-16. ad. Witlivolu- bilitf» with abundance. Flowk, flAke. a. A flounder. Ftowir,fltoe. Participle of Fly,orFlee. Gone away, escaped ; pufled, elate. FtucTUAMT,fl^'Uh6-4nt. a. (461), . Wavering, uncertun. To Fluctuate, Mk'tshi-dte. y.n. To rott to and again as water in agitation ; to float backward and forward; to move with uncertain and hasty motion ; to be in an uncertain state ; to be irresolute. Fluctuation, flAk^tsh&-&'shAn. s. The alternate motion of the water ; un- certainty, indetermination. Flus, fl&. 8. (335). A small pipe or chimney to convey air; soft down or fur. Fluency, fl(i'ftn-sd. s. The quality of flowing, smoothness ; readiness, copious- ness, volubility. FtUEKT, flu'^nt. a. Liqtiid; flowing, in motion, in flux ; roady, copious, voluble. Fluent, flu^ent. s. Stream, running water. Fluid, fiAld. a. Having parts easily separable, not solid. Fluid, fl^^d. s. In physick, an animal juice ; any thine that flows. Fluidity, fl6-id'd-t6. s. The quality in bodies opposite to solidity. Fluid NESS, fl4'id-n^s. s. That quality in bodies of^site to stability. Flummery, flfim'Ar ^. s. A kind of food made by coagulation of wheat-flour or oat-meaL Flung, fiAng. Participle and Preterit of Fling. Fluor, fl4'6r. s. (166). A fluid state ; catamenia. Flurry, fl^r'r^. s. A gust or storm of wind, a hasty blast ; hrm-y. To Flush, flAsh. v. n. To flow with violence ; to come in haste ; to glow in the skin. To FxusH, flfish, V. a. To colour, to redden j to elate, to elevate. Fi-usM, fliah. a. Fresh, fiill of vigour ; afllKient, abounding. F^usHjfi^sh.s. Aftlux, sudden impulse, violent flow ; cards all of a sort. bAU ;— 6D ;«-p6{md ; — rAin, thiSw To Fluster, flAs'tAr. v. a. To make hot and rosy with drinking. Flute, finite, s. A musical pipe, a pipe Mrith stops for the Angers ; a channel or flirrow in a pillar. To Flute, finite, v. a. To cut columns into hollows. To Flutter, flAt'tAr. v. n. (98). To take short flights with ereat agitation of the wings ; to move with great show and. bustle ; to be moved with quick vibrntions to undulation ; to move irregularly. To Flutter, flfit'tiir. v. a. To drive in disorder, like a flock of birds suddenly roused ; to hurry the mind ; to disorder the position of any thing. Flutter, fliit'tiir. s. Hurry, tumuh, disorder of mind ; confusion, irregularily, Fluviatick, fli-vd-dtlk. a. Bek)ng- ing to rivers. FLUx,flAks. s. The act of flowing; any flow or issue of matter; dysentery, dis- ease in which tlie bowels are excoriated and bleed, bloody flux ; concourse ; influ-' ence ; the state of being mehed ; that which mingled with a body makes it melt Flux, fl^iks. a. Unconstant, not dura- ble, maintained by a constant succession of parts. To i^Lux, flAks. V, a. To melt; to sali^ vate, to evacuate by spitting. FLUxiLiTY,fldks-ir6-t^. s. Easiness of separation of parts. Fluxion, flAk.'shfin. s. The act of flowing ; the matter that flows ; in matbe- maticks, the arithmetick or analysis of infinitely small variable quantities. To Fly, fli. v. n. Pret. Flew or Fled. Part Fled or Flown. To move through the air with wings ; to pass t|ut>ugh the air; to pass away; to pass swinly; to spring witli violence, to fall on suddenly ; t« move with rapiditf ; to burst asunder with a sudden explosion; to break, tar shiver ; to run away, to attempt to escape ; to fly in the face, to insuh, to act in defi- ance ; to fly off, to revolt; to Hy out, t» burst into passion ; to bi*eak out into li*^ cense, to start violently Irom any direc- tion ; to let fly, to discharge. To Fly, fli. v. a. To shun, to avoids to decline; to refuse association witli; to quit by flight ; to attack by a bird of j^vy. Fly, fli. s. A small winged insect; that part of a machine which, being put into a quick motion, regulates tlie rest ; Fly in a compass, that which points how the wind blows. To Flyblow, flilild. v. a. To taint with flies, to All with maggots. reH P-OL 17^ (559).~F&te9 ftr, fiOl, ftt^r^^aly mith— {rine, fte; Fltboat, fli'bAte. s. A kind of vesael nimble and light for sauiing. FLYCATgB£R,fU'kitah-m*. s. One that hunts flies. Flyer, fli'Ar. s. (98). One that flies or nms away ; one that uses wings ; the fly of a jack. To FlyyisH, fli'flsh. v.m*To angle with a hook baited with a fly. FoAL,fMc. 8. (395). The offspring of of a tnare, or other beast of burden. To Foal, f6le. v. a. To bi-ing forth a foal. Foal BIT, f&Ie'blt. s. A plant. Foam, f6me. s. (295^1 The white sub- stance which agitation or fermentation gatliers on the top of liquors, froth, spume. To Foam, f6me. v. n. To froth, to ga- ther foam ; to be in a rage, to be violently agitated. Foamy, f&'m^. a. Covered with fisam, frothy. For, fob, s. A small pocket. To Fob, f6b. v. a. To cheat, to trick, to defraud ; to fob off; to shift off, to put aside with an artifice. Foe AL,f&'kdl. a. (88). Belonging to the focus. Focus, f6'k^s. 8. The poipt where the rays are collected by a burning glass ; the point in the axis of a lens, where the rays meet and cross each other ; a certainpoint in the axis of a curve. FoDOER, f6d'ddr. s. Dry food stored up for cattle a^^ainst winter. To Fodder, fM'dftr. r. a. To feed with dry food. FoDDER£R, f6d'dilir«rAr. s. He who fodders cattle. Fob, f6. s. (296). An enemy in war ; a persecutor, an enemy in common life ; an opponent, an ill-wisher. Foemak, f6^mAn. s. Enemy in war. Foetus, f&'t^s. s. (396). The child in the womb after it is perfectly formed. foe, fog. 8. A thick mist, a moist dense vapour near the surfiice of the land or water ; afterg^rass. Foggily, f^g'gM^. ad. (383). Mistily, darkly, cloudily. FoGGiNEss, f6g'g^^^. s. The state of being daxk or misty, cloudiness, misti- ness. FoGGY,C&g'g^. a. (383). Misty, ck>udy, dark ; cloudy in understanding, dull. FoH, f6fa 1 interject. An interjection cf abhorrenqe. Foible, f&A'M. s. (399) (405). A wtak side, a blind tide. To Foil, f6il. v.a. To put to the wont, to defeat ' Foil f6il. s. (399). A defeat, aniscar- riage ; leaf, gilding ; something of another colour near which jewels are set to raise their lustre ; a blunt sword used in fendqg. FoiLER, fdll'dr. 8. One who has gained advantage over another. To 1 oiN, f6m. V. n. (399). Topuah ia fencing. FoisoN, f^^'z'n. s. (170). Plenty, abim- dance. To Foist, f6Ut. t. a, (399). To insert by forgerv. Fold, f&ld. s. The ground in which sheep are confined { the place where sheep are housed ; the flock of sheep ; a limit, a boundary; a double, a complication, one ptart added to another : from the foregoing signification is derived the use of Fold in composition. Fold signifies the same 4{ttanti^ added, as twenigrfdd» twenty times repeated. To Fold, f6ld. ▼. a. To shut sheep in the fold i to double, to compUcate i to in- close, to include, to shut To Fold, f&ld. v.n. To close over ano- ther of the sam^ kind. i-oLiACEous, f6-l^-A^fth(bi. a.' Consist- ing of lamina or leaves. Foliage, f61^-Adje. a* (90). Leaves, tufts of leaves. To Foliatb, fA'l^«Ate. v. a. To beat mto lamjnas or leaves! i' oLi ATioN, f64£-&'shAn. s. The act of beating into thin leaves ; the flower of a plant. FoLiATURE, f&1^4-t8hAre. s. The state of being hammered into leaves. Folio, fAl^-^. s. A large book, of which the pages are formed by a sheet of paper once doubled, Folk, f6ke. s. People, in fiuniliar Ian* gaage ; nations, mankind. •jC/" Notwithstanding this word is origiiially plural, our language is so Uttle used to a plural without «, that FoUs may now bts acoomited the best orthography, as it ia certainly the only current pronunciation. Follicle, foFl^-kl. s, (405). A cavity in any body with strong coats i a capsuU^ r seed-vessel. To Follow, f&FlA. v. a. (3^7). To go afier, not before, or side by side } to at* tend as a dependent ; to pursue < to succeed in order of timet to be oonsequeiitial^ as FOO 469 FOO •««iij^ mAve, hAr, n6t;-^-4&be, ti^b, bflll;'«-611;'— ^i&nd;*— /^, this. efiects; to imitate^ to copy; toobey» to observe ; to attend to, to be busied vrith. To Follow, ftl'lA. v. n. To come after another ; to be posterior in time ; to be consequential ; to continue endeavours. Follower, f6ri6-ftr. s. One who comes after another, not before him, or side by side ; a dependant ; an attendiait » an associate ; an imitator; a copyer. Folly, ttll^. s. Want of understand- ing', weaknesa of intellect ; criminal weak- ness, depravi^of mind ; act of ne^^Ugence Or passion unbecoming wisdom. ToFoMtNT,f6-mtot'.v.a. Tocherish with heat ; to bathe with warm lotions ; to encour^pe, to support, to cherish. Foment ATioK, t6*m&i-t&'sh{in. s. A fomentation is partial bathing, called alio stuping; the lotion prepared to foment the parts. ToHEKTE^jShmtDft&r. %. Aneiicour- ager, a supporter. Fovi»>£5nd.a. Foolish, silly ; foolishly tender^injudieioualy indulgent; pleased in too great a degree, foolishly delighted. To FosBLE, I6n'dl. v. a. (405). To treat with great indulgence, to caress, to codcer. PovoLER, f6n'dl4r. s. One who fon- dles. FoKDLiNG, fAn'dl»lng. s. A person or thing much fondled or caressed, some* thing remded imth great affection. FoiTDLT, fendl^. ad. Foolishly, weak- ly ; with great or extreme tenderness. FovDVESs, fAnd'n^s. s. Foolishness, weakness: foolish tenderness; tender passian ; unreasonable liking. Font, f Ant. s. A stone vessel in which the water for holy baptism is contained in the church. Food, fAdd. s, (10) (306). Victuals, provision for the mouth ; any thing that noorishcB. FoooFUL, fAAd'ftl. a. Fruitful, full offood. * Fool, fAAl. s« (3<>6). One to whom nature has denied reason, a natural, an idiot ; in Scripture, a wicked man ; a term •findigni^ and reproach ; one who coun- terieita irldje. s* A bridge on which passengers walk. FdoTCLOTH, fftt'klA^A. s. A sumptcr cloth. Foothold, f6t'hAld. a. Space to bold the foot Footing, ftt'tlng. s. Ground for the foot ; foundation, basis, support ; tread, walk ; dance % entrance, begmning, esta« bUslunent ; state, con4ition, settlement Footlicker, f&t'lik-Ar. s. A slave, a humble fawner. Footman, ft&t'mftn. s. (88), A soldier that marches and fights on foot] a low menial servant in livery ; one who prac- tises to walk or run. FooTMANSHir, f6t'm&n^hlp. s. The ' art or faculty of a runner. Footpace, ^t^p&se. s* Part of a pair o^ltairs, whereon, after four or five steps, you arrive to a broad place ; a pace n» faater than a sk>w walk. Footpad, fitit'pdd. 8. A bighwayim.an that robs on foot 1>U FQ H 470 F QK a7* (559).— .F4te, ftr, ftl!, fit;— -in^, mh; Footpath, fit'pArA. s. Narrow way 'which wiU not admit horses. . FoOTPOST fiit'pist. s. A post or mes- senger that travels on foot. FooTsTALL, fdt'st^U. 8. (406). A wo- man's stirrup. Foot ST EP, f&t'stdp. s. Trace, track, im- pression left by the foot; token, mark; example. Footstool, ftit'stddl. s. Stool on . which he that sits places his feet Fop, f6p. s.. A coxcomb, a man of small understanding* and much ostenta- tion, one fond of dress. , Foppery, f6p'Ar-^. s. (557), Folly, impertinence ; affectation of show or im- . portance, showy foDy ; fon&iess of dress. Foppish, f5p^pisb. a. Foolish, idle, vain ; vain in sho-w, vain of dresfl. Foppishly, f&p'pish-l^. ad. Vainly; ostentatiously. Foppishness^ f&p'pish-n4s. s. Vanity; showy vanity. FoppuNG, f6p1ing. s. A petty fop.— See To Codle. For, f6r. prep. (167). Because of; with respect to -/considered a^, in the place of; for the sake of; in comparative respect ; after Oh, an expression of deire ; on account of, in solution! of; inducting- to as a motive ; in remedy of; in eiLchange for ; in the place of, instead of; in supply of, to sen^e in the place of; through a certain duration ; in search of, inauest of; in favour o^ on the part of; with inten- tion of; nfotwithstanding ; to the use of; in consequence of; in rccompcnce of. FbA, f6r. conj. The* word by which the reason is given of something advanced before^ because, on this account that; for as much, in regard that, in (X)nsider. ation 6f. To Forage, for'ije. y. n.(l68). To Wander in search of provisions ; to ravage^ ' to feed on spoiL To FoRAOE, f6r'ije. V, a. To plunder, to strip. Forage, fiir'ije. s. (90). Search of pictvisions, the, «ct of feeding abroad ; provisions sought abroad; provisions in general. For AMiNous, f&-rdm'<&*n4s. a» Full of boles. -ToFoRBEARjfor-bire'. t. n. Pret. I forbore, anciently forbare ; Part. Forbonk To cease from tjxxy thing,, to intermit ( to pause, to delay ; to omit voluntariW : to ' Abiitiun; to restrain any violence of tem- per, U> be patient • -pine, pini— . |C7* The 0 in these words preceding tlie accent and fbttowedby a consonant, la un- der the same predicament as the same let- ter in Command^ GUiict, &t. which see. To Forbear, f6r4)ire'. y. a. (240). To decline, to omit voluntarily ; to sparer to treat with clemency ; to withhold. FoRBEAilANCE, f6r-bire'4nse. s. The care of avoiding or shunning any thine; in- termission of sometbin^:command of tem- per; lenity, delay of punishment, mildness. Forbearer, fbr-bi'rftr. s. An inter- mitter, intercepter of any thing. ToFoRBiD,f6r-bld'. v, a. Pret. I for- bade; Part. Forbidden or Forbid. To prohibit ; to oppose, to hinder. Forbiddance, ftr-bld'd4nse. s. Pro- hibition. FoRBiDOENLY,f6r-bld'd'n4^.ad* In an unlawful manner. Forbiober, fdr^id'd^. s. One that prohibits. Forbidding, f6r-bld'd]ng. particip. a. Raising abhorrence. Force, f^rse. s. Strength^ vigour, might; violence; virtue, efficacy; valid* ness, power of law ; armament, warlike preparation; destiny, necessity, fat^l compulsion. To Force, f6i^e. v. a. To compel, to constrain ; to overpower ; to impel ; to en- tree; to drive by violence or power; to storm, to take or enter by violence ; to ra- vbh, to violate by force ; to force out, tft extort Forcedly, ftr'sMrW. ad. (364)« Vio- lently, constrainedly. FoRCEFUL,f6rse'ftl.a. Violent, strong, impetuous. Forcefully, f6rse'ftl-W. ad. Viblent- ly, impetuously. Forceless, forselds. a. Without forcfe, weak, feeble. FoBCEPs,f6r'8dps.s. Forceps properly signifies a pair of tongs, bUt is used for on instrument in chiiurgery to extnua any thing out of wounds. FoRC£R,fere'8fip.8. Thatwhichforces, drives, or eonstruns ; the embolus of a pump working by pulsion. FoRciBLE,fAre's6-bl. a*(405). Strong, mighty; violent, impetuous; efficacious, powerful ; prevalent, of great influence ; done by force ; valid, binding. FoRciBLENEss, f&re's6-tt*n^. s. force, violence. FonciBLY, ftre's*-bl*. ad. Strongly, powerfully i impetttoiDlyt by viofonce, by force. r oa 4Yl FOR -^if voAvtj ti&Ti n&t ;«-t&be) tdbi FoBCiPATEO, fi^r^ft^i^tM. a. Like a pair of pincers to open uid enclote. FoRis ftrd. ». A shallow part of a ri- ver: the stream^ the current. To Ford, f^rd. v. a. To pass without svnmmin^. FoRDABLE, ford'^-bl. a. (405). Passa- ble without ftwlmmin^. Fore, fdre. a. Anteriour, that which comes first in a progresaive motion. Fore, fti^. ad. Anteriourly: Fore is a word much u^ed in composition to mark priority of time. To Forearm, f6rc-inn'. v. a. To pro- vide for attack or resistance before the time of need. To Forebode, fire-b6de'. v. n. To prog^iosticate, to forcteU ; to foreknow. FoREBODER, f6re4)Ade'ilr. s. A prog- aosticator, a soothsayer ; a foreknower. To Forecast, f6re-k^t'. v. a. ([492). To scheme, to plan before execution ; to adjust,* to ^ntrive ; 16 foresee, to pro- ride against. Tp Forecast, fore-kftst'.v.n. To form schemes, to contrive befoi*chand. Fore?:ast, fire'kast. s, (492). Con* trivance beforehand, antecedent policy. Forecaster, fore-kist^Cir. s. One who contrives beforehand. Forecastle, f6re'kis-sl. s. (4(^5). In a ship, that part where the foremast stands. FoRECHosEN,fAre-tsh6'2'n. part. Pre- elected. Foaecited, fore-si'tdd. part. Quoted before. To Foreclose, fore-kloze'. v. a. To ' ^hut up, to preclude, to prevent ; to fore- close a mortgage, is -to cut oft' the power of redemption. For^mcx, f6re'd^. s. The anteriour piart ofthe ship. ToFo«EDESiGK,fdre-d^-wn'.v.a. To plan beforehand. To Foredo, f6re-d66'. V. a. To ruin, to destroy ; to werdo, to weaiy, to harass. To FoRED^boM, f6re-d6&m'. v. a. To predestinate, to determine beforehand, Foheeno, f&re'tod. s. The anteriour part- FoREFATirER,fore-flL'/A^r. s. Ancesr tor, one who in any degree of ascending geneslogy precedes another. ToFoRRPEND,f6re-fSnd'.v.a. To pro- hibit, to ai;^Brt ; to proridc for, to secure. FoRitFiNGER, fArc'flng-g f6*r£n'sik. a. Belon^ng ' to courts of judicature. ^ To Foreordain, f6re-6r-diLne'. v. a. To predestinMCy to predeternyne, to pre- ordain. Forepart, fire'pftrt. s. The ante- riourpart. Fo R E p A ST, fore-p&st'. a. Past beyond a certain time. FoREPossE9SESbf<&re-p&z•zCst^ a. Pre- occupied, prepossessed, pre-engaged. FoRERANK, fore'»&ngk. s. (408). First * rank, front. FoRE^EciTED, f&re-r^-^i'tM. a. Men- tioned or enumerated before. To Forerun, f6re-riin'. v. a. To come before a^ an earnest of sometliingfoUow- ing » to precede, to have tlje stait of Forerunner, fore-riin'pAr. a. An harbinger, a messenger ^^ nt before to give notice of the approach of those that foltow; a prognpstick, » sign ffn*eshowing any thing. To Foresay, fire-s4'. v, a. To pre- dictj to prophesy. ' To FoHEftEE) f6re-s^6'. V. a* To see beforehand, to see what has not yet hap- pened. ToFoRESHA>iE,f6re'sh4me'.v. a. To shame, to bring reproach upon. FoRE8HiP»f6rc'ship. 6. The anterioiir part of the ship. To Foreshorten, fAre-8h6r't'n. r. a To shorten the forepart. To P'oREsnow, f6i*e-sh6'. v. a. To predict i to represent before it comes. Foresight, fore'site, s. Foreknow ledge i provident care of futurity. Foresigbtful, fore^ite'f^d. a* Pre- scient, provident. To FoRBsiGNiFT, f^rc-slg'nc-f 1. V. a. To betoken beforehand, to foreshow. Fo R ESK I N, f6re'skhi. s. The prepuce- FoRESKiRT, f6re'skiirt. s. The loose part of the coat before. To P'oRESLow, foreslo'. v. a. To dfilay, to hinder ; to neglect, to omit. To FoRBSPTMK, fore-sp^ke^ v.n* To predict, to foresay \ to forbid, FoRESPENT> fore-sptnt', a. Wafctcd> •pine, pin;«»- tired^ spent ; forepasaed, past; bestowed before. FoREipvRRER, iore-spib'Ar. s* One that rides before. Forest, f Ar^nSst. s. . A wild unculti- vated tract of ground, ^th "(rood. To Forestall, f6re-Bt&wl'. (406). To anticipate, to take up beforehand ; to hinder by pre-occupation or prevention ; to seize or gain possession of heSore another. Forestaller, fAre-stiwl'Ar. s. One that anticipates the market, one that pur- chases before others to raise the price. FoRESTBORN, for'r^st-bAm. z^ Bom in a wild. Forester, f&r'r^s-tdr. s. AiX officer of the forest; an inhabitant of the -wild countiy. To Foretaste, fore-tiste'. v. a. To have antcpast of, to have prescience of; to taste before another. Foretaste, fire'tAste. s. (492). Anticipation of To FoRETE?.L, ftre-t^l. v. a. (406). To predict, to prophesy, to foreshow. Foreteller, fore-tfil'ldr.s. PredictcTf foresho"vircr. To For ethi nk, fore-iAlnk^ v. a. To anticipate in the mind, to have prescience ' of, ToFoRETHiNK,fAre-//iink'. V. n. To contrive beforehand. Forethought, f6re-:^/iiwt'. ParLp. of the verb Forbtiusk. Forethought, f6re'/Aiwt. s. (492). Prescience, anUcipation ; provident care. To Foretoken, fdre-t6'k'n. v. a. To foreshow, to prognosticate as a sign. Foretoken, fwe-tAVn. s. Prevcni- ent sig^, prognostick. Foretooth, f6re't6dM. s. The tooth in the anleriourpart of the mouth, one of the incisors. FoRetop, f6re't6p. s. That part of a womsn^s head-dress tliat is forward, or tlie top of a periwig* FoREvoucHED, f6rerv6{itsh'W. part., (359). Affirmed befoi-ejfonoerly told, FoREiYARD, f6re'\v&rd. s. The van, the fhmt. To Forewarn, ftre-wtei'. v. a. To admonish beforehand; to inform previ- ously of any future event t to caatton against any thing beforehand. To FoREwiBH, Tore-wish', part To desire beforehand. Fo REWORK, f6re-w6rn^ part. Worn out^ wasted by time or use. FOR 4^3 FOR ni, mive, n6r, n6t;--«tfibe9 tftb, b{dl;*-AU;-^p&(ind;— ^Aiii} this. FoBYEiT, f^r'flt 8. (355). Some* thing lost by tlie commission of a cnme» «fiiie«amtdct. ■ To FoBFEiT, ftr'fU. V. a. To lose hy some breach of coiidition» to lose by some offence. Forfeit, fdrTit. su Liable to penal seizure, alienated by a crime. Fo&VEiTABLE, fdr'fit-A-bl. a. Posses- sed oaconditionsy by the breach of which any thing may be lost FoRFBiTUREt fdr'f U-yArc. s. The act i»f ibrfeiting; the.thing forfeited, a mulct a fine. To FoRFEHD, f&r-find', v. a. To prerent, to forbid. Forgave, f6r-give'. The preterit of Forgfire. Forge, fArje. s. The place where iron is beaten into form ; anyplace where any thing is made or shaped. To Forge, fArje. v. a. To form by the hammer; to make by any means to counterfeit ; to falsify. Forger, fdre'j^r. s. One who makes or forms ; one who counterfeits any thing. G^ This word is sometimes, but ^thout the least foundation in analogy, written Jor^erer. If it should be urged that the wo^ comes fit>m the French verb forger, and therefopCjlike^jterier from/rutier^vre add an er to make it a verbal noun ; itmay be answered* that we have the word to ybr^in the aame sense as the French, but we have iio verb to Jhtitf and therefore there is an excuse for adding er in the last word which has no place in the former. Forgery, fAre'jttr-A. s. The crime of falsification ; smith's woHe, the act of the forge. To Forget, ftr-gAt'. v. a. Preter. Forgot, Part Forgotten or Forgot To lose memory of, to let go &om the remem- tomce ; not to attend, to neglect (Cy The o in this and similar words is like that in Forbear-^vihich see. FoRGETjTCL, fftp^fit'fdh a. Not re- taining the memory of; oblxrious, inat- tentive, negligent FoROETFULHEss^ fAr-gAt'fil-nis. s. Obiivion, loss of memory ; negligence, in- attention. FoROETTER, f6r-g^t'tdr. s. Onc that fogets; a careless person. To Forgive, f6r-giv'. v. a. Pret Forgave ; p.p. Forgiven (157). To pardon; to remit, not to exact debt or penalty. Forgiveness, fAr-glv'n^s* s. The *ctof forgiving ; pardon ; tenderness, wil lingness to pardon i remission of a fine or penalty. FoRGivsR, fAr-glVdr. a. Onc who pardons. Forgot, f6r-g&t'. > Forgotten, fAr-gotVn. (103).\ Part pass, of Forget Not remembered. Fork, f6rk. s. An instrument divided at the ends into two or more points or prongs ; a point To Fork, fArk. v. n. To shoot into blades, as com does out of the g^roond. Forked, f6r^M. a. (366). Opening into two or more parts. FoRKEDLY, f6r'kdd*l£. ad. Inaforiced form'. FoRKEDNESs, f&rlcdd-njs. s. The qua* lity of opening into two parts. FoRKHEAi), f6rk'hM. s. Point oi an arrow. Porky, (6r\6. a. Forked, opening into two parts. Forlorn, f6r-l&rn^ a. Deserted, des- titute, forpaken, wretched, helpless ; lost, desperate, small, despicable. QC/This word is sometimes, but improperly, < pronounced so as to rh>'me with mbwu. * Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, and W. Johnston, make it rhyme with com. FoRLORNNE88,f6r^^m'nds.s. Mlseryi solitade. Form, f6nn, or f&rm. s. The external appearance of any tbin||, shape ; particU' Ur model or modification ; beautv, eie* |;«nce of appearance ; ceremony, formal- ity, order ; external appearance without the essential qualities, empty show ; ex- ternal rites ; stated method, established practice ; a long seat ; a class, a rank of students ; the seat or bed of a hare. 0:;^When tbis word signifies a long seat, or a class of students, it is univenally pro- nounced with the 0, as in/our, more, &«• It is not a little surprising that none of our Dictionaries, except Mr. Smith's and Mr. Nares's, take any notice of this dis- tinction in the sound of the o when the word signifies a seat or class. It were to be wished, indeed, that we had fewer of these ambiguously sounding words, which while they distin^uiah to the ear, confuse and puzzle the eye. — See Bowl. To Form, firm. v. a. To make ; to model ; to scheme, to plan ; to arrange ; to adjust ; to contrive, to join ; to mmlcl by eaucation. Formal, fdr^mil. a. (88). Ceremoni- ous, solemn, precise $ regular, methodi- cal, externa^ having the appesfance, but FOR 474 POU 47* (559) — FAte, flr, fMl, fit^-ro*, m4t;— ^inc, pin;-— To Forswear, ftr-swire'. v. a. not the es&eace ; depending upon estab lishmentof cust»ip. Formalist, fAr'mll-ist, «. One who- prefers ^pearance to ^reality. I^ORMALiTY, fj^r-maKi-t^, s. Ceremo- ny, establislwd mode of behaTiour ; so- lemn order, -habit, or dress. To Formalise, fAr'mi-lize, v. a. To model, to modiAr ; to affect formality. Formally, f6r'iniI-W. ad. Accoi'ding toeAtabHshed rules {'^ceremoniously, stif- fly, precisely ; in open appearaace^ esseii. tiaUy, characteristicaUy. Formation, f^rrind'shtin. s. The act (](f ibnning or ^nerating^ the mantier ia which a tning is forme£ Fo»MATiv«,fdi*'mi-tiv,a- (157). Havr. ing the power of giving form, plastick. Former, fdmi'ftr. s. (166). He that forms, maker, contriter, planner. FoRj4BR, farm'ir. a. (98). Before another in time ; mentioned before avo- thpr; past. Formerly, f6r'mdi'-li. ad« In times past. FoR'MiDAB^.E, f6r'm^-dil-bl. a. Terri- ble, dreadful, tremendous. Formidable NESS, f6r'm ^-di-bl-n^s . s . The -quality of exciting terror os dread; the thing eausingtlread. F0RMIDAB1.Y, f&'m^-dl-bl^. ad. In a terrible manner. Formless, fdrm^^s. a. Shapeless, without regiriarity of form. Formulary, f6r'mWar-^. s. A book containing stated and prescribed models. Formule, fdr'miile. s. A set or pre- scribed model. To Fornicate, fir'aferkA^. v. n. To commit lewdness. Fo RNic ATION, ftr-n^-ki'shiin. a. Con- cubinage or commerce with an unman-i- ed woman ; in scripture,-8ometi]hes ido}- atrj'. Fornicator, fir'n^-ki-tfir.s. p66) (521). One that has commerce with un- married women. Fornicatress, KrW-k4-tr^s. s. A woman who, without marriage^ cohabits with amsn. To Forsake, fir-sike'. v. a. Prct. Forsook ; Part pass. Forsook or Forsaken. To leave in resentment or dislike; to leave, to go away from ; to desert, to fail. FORSAKEM, f6p-sA'ki\r. s. (98). De- serter, orte til at forsakes. Forsooth, f6r-s66//i'. ad. In truth, certainly, very well; an old word of ho- nour in address to women. Pret. Forswort; part Forsworn. To renounce upon oath; to deny upon oath ; with the TOciprecal pronoun, as to forswear, him-' ,solf; to he perjured, to swear ftlse^. To Forswear, f6r-swAre'. v. n. To swear falsely, tooomnitpeijury. FoR8W£ARER,f6r-s^vir-^* s. One who is perjured. * FoRT,£&Et.8, A Ibrtified hQuse,R castle. Forte o,l6rt''M. a. Funiishedor guard- edtyfbrts. Forth, £6rth. «d. Ftrwasd, tmwawl ; ^road, out of doors ; out into pifbliclE view: on to the end. * • Forth, f6rM. Prep. Out of. F6RTHCOMiNG,f6rM-kto'lng.. a/Rea« dy to appear, ii^t absconding. Forth issuing, for/^-lsh'shY^-hig. a. Comiqg out, coming forward from a co- vert. FoRTHRfGHT fAr<*-rite^, ad. Straight foi-wivd, wtthoi^ flexions. ' Forthwith, &Hh'wUh\ ad. Itninedi- atcly, without delay, at onoe, straight. (CT TH in viith at th^ end of this word is pronounced with the sharp sound, as in thin, contrary to the sound of those letters in the same word when single. The same maybe observed of the/ in vthere^fiSTZ'). Fortieth, f6p't6.^M. a. (279). The fourtli tenth. FoRTiFiABLE,fdi''t6-fi4-bl. a. Wha); may be foitifiect. Fortification, fir-ti-ffe-ki^shfin. s. The science of military architecture ; a place built fi>r strengUi. Fortifier, f6r'td-n-Ar. s. One who erects wbrks for defence ; one who sup- .ports or secures. To Fortify, f6r't£-fL v. a. To strengtlicn against attacks 1^ walls of works ; to confirm, to encourage ; to fix ^ to establish in resolution . FoRTiN, fort'hi. s. A little fort. Fortitude, fftr'tt-tdde. s. CouragCi bravery, magnanimity ; strength, force. Fortnight, f6rt'nitc. s. (144). The space of two weeks. Fortress, for'irfe. s. A strong hold, a fortified place. . Fortuitous, f6r-tu'e-tiis. a. (463). Accidental, casual. |C!7*The reason why the t in this word and its con^unds does not take the hissing sound« as it does in fortune, is, because the accent is after it (463), Fortuitously, fAr-ti'^-tAs-le. ad. Aceidentally, casuslly.v * * F OS 4,1i F O U xnAvei n6r, n&t;— ttt>e, tibj b4ll j — oU ;— p6{tnd ^— /AiD) this. FoKTUiTousNEfts, f6r-t^'6«tk^s-n^s. a. Accident, chance. » Fortunate, f6r'tshu-nite. a. Lucky, bappiy, successful. Fortunately, fAr'tshi-udte-W. ad. Happilf, successfully. FoRTU N AT £ K £s s, f6r 'tshu-iiute-n^s. ». HskppmesSf good luck, success. Fortune, f^i-^tshCme. a. (461). The power suppoised to disUibutc the lots of life according to her own huuiour ; t\\c Ipood or ill that befalls nuui ; tlic chance of Ufe» means of living ; event, success g^ood or bad; Estate, possessions; tl/e portion of a man or woman. To FoRTUKE, f6r'tshuwe. v. n. To be- fall, to happen, to come casually to pa.48. FoRTUMRB,£6r'tsh^M. a. (359). Sup plied by fortune. FoRTVKSBOoK, f(6i-^tsh^n-b66k. s. A book consulted to know fortune. Fo RT u NE H u NTfcR,f6r'tshiin-hdn-t^.8 A maa whose employment is to inquire after women with ^at portions, to enrich himaeif by marrymg them. Fortuneteller, f6r'tsh{in-t^l-l&r. s. One who cheats common people by pre* tending to the knowledge of futurity. Forty, f6r't^.a.(182\ Fourtimcaten. Forum, f6'rdm. s. (544). Any pub- lick place. Forward, fdr'wird. ad. (88). To- wards, onward, progressively. Forward, fAr'wird; a. Warm, ear- nest; ardent, eager; confident, presumptu ous; premature, early, ripe; quick, ready, hasty. To Forward, fir'wird. v. a. To has- ten, to quicken ; to patronize, to advance Forwarder, fir'wiU'-dAr. s. He who promotes anything. FoawARDLv,Kr'w&rd-I^.ad. Eagerly, . hastily. Forwardness, f6r'ward-n^« s. Rea- diness to act; quickness ; earliness, early ripeness; confidence, assurance. Forwards, f6r'wirds. ad. Straight be&re, pKt)gressively. Fosse, {6s. s. A ditch, a moat* Fosskwat, f68'wA. s. One of the great Roman roads through England, so called i^m the dhehes on each side. Fossit, f6s'sll. a. Dug out of the earth FoastL,.f&s'sih s. That which is *dug «ttt of the bowels of the earth. To Foster, f&a'tdr- v. a. (98). To nurse, to feed, to support; to pamper, to encobrage i to cherish, to forward. FosTERAeji,tts'tftrrldje.8.t90V The chn^ of Rising. FosTERBHOTHEH>^s'tCir-br^Tn-(^.e. One bred at llic same pap. . FosTEHC HiLDjos'tCir-tshild. s. Achild nursed by a woman not the mother, oi* bred by a man not the father. FcsTERDAM, f6s't(ir-dum. s. A nurse, one that performs the office of a mother. FosTE HEARTH, f6s'tiir-^rrA. s. Earth by which the plant is nourished, though it did not gi-ow fii'st in it . " Fosterer, f6s'iir-ilr. s. A nurse, one who gives food in the place of a parent. Foster father, fos'tAr-fi-Tudr. Si One who trains up tlie child of another as if it were his own. FosTERMOTHER, fos'tfir-mfiTH-^&r. s. A nurse. FosTERsoN, f6s'tAr-8fln. s. One fed and educated as a child, tliough not the son by nature. Fought, liwt. (393) (319). The pre- terit and participle of fight. Foughtkn, f^w'tn. (103). The pas- sive participle of Fight. FouL,f6il.a.(313). Notclean,filthy; impure; poUuted; wicked, detestaMc; unjust ; coarse, gross ; full of gross hu- mours, wanting purgation,€loudy, stormy; not bright, not serene ; with rough force » with unseasonable violence ; among sea> men, entangled, as a rope is foul of tlie anchor. To Foul, fi^il. v. a. To daub, to bc- mire, to make filthv. FbuLFACED,f6(imste. a. (359). Hav- ing an ugly or hateful visage. Foully, fbiFi. ad. Filthily, nastily, odiously. FouLMouTHBD, f66FmAftTH*d. a. Scurrillous, habituated to the use of op- probrious, terms. Foulness, f<&{iFnSs. s. Fllthiness, nas- tiness ; pollution, impurity \ hatefulness ; injustice; ugliness; dishonesty. Found, f6(ind. (313). The preterit and participle passive of Find. To Found, f6tind. v. a. (313). To lay the basis of any building ; to build, t» raise ; to establish, to erect ; to give birth or original to ; to raise upon, as on a prin- ciple or ground ; to fix fum. To F'ouND, i<6And. v. a. To form by melting and pouring into nu>ulds, to cast. FouNDATioN,f6(in-d4'shAn. a. The ba* sis or lower part of an edifice ; the act oi* fixing the basis; the principles or gwund on which . any notion is raised ; orij^inal, rise ; a revenue settled and established for any purpose, particularly cluirity ; cslab- 1 lishmeiit, settlement. F O W 476 FR A ay (559)..-J'Me, fir, fin, fit;— mi, m^;— pine, pin;— FooNDKB, C&fin'dftr. 8. (98). A build- der, one who raises an edifice ; one who establishes a reyenue for any purpose; one from whom any thing has its original or beginning ; a caster, one who forms fi- gures by casting melted matter into moulds. To FouNDEK, f;&^'dAr. v. a. (313). To cause such a soreness and tenderness in ahorsc's foot, that he is unable to set it to the ground. To FouKDER, fA^n'dAr. v.n. To sink to the bottom ; to fail, to miscarry. Foundry, f6in'dr6. s. A place where figures are formed of melted metal, a costing houa^e. Foundling, f66nd'ling- s. A child ex- posed to chance, a child found \^thout any parentorowner. Foundress, fd^'dr^s. s. A woman that founds, bmlds, esublishes, orbe^ns any thing, a woman that esUblishes any . charitaUe revenue. Fount, fdtmt. (313). ^s A Fountain, f6iin'tln. (208). 5 \ wcU, a spring s a small basin of springing water; ajet, a spout of water; the head or spring of a river ; original^ first princi ]de, first cause. FoyNTAiNLEss, f6(to'tln-lfi8. a. With out a fountam. FouNTFUL, fAtat'Rd. a. Full of springs. Four, f6re. a.(318). Twice two. FouRBK, f&drb. s. (3 1 5). French. A cheat, a triddng fellow. Fourfold, fAreT61d. a. Four times told. FouRFOOTSD, f6re'flit-^d. a. Quadru- ped. Fourscorb, ftre'skire. a. Four times twenty, eighty; it is used ellipticaUy for fourscore years. Foursquare, ftre'skwire. a. Qua- drangular. Fourteen, f&re't^^n. a. Four and ten. FouRTEENTH,fAre'l6Anr/*. a. The ordi- nal of fourteen, the fourth after the tenth. Fourth, f6rM. a. The ordinal of four, the first after the third. Fourthly, ttrM'16. ad. In the fourth place. FouRWHEELED^ fire'hwfi^ld. a. Run- ning upon twice two wheels. Fowl, f661. s. (223). A winged anl ma}, a bird. To Fowl, fA6l, v. n. To kill birds for fi)odor-gamei Fowler, f661'^* s* (98). A sportsman who pursues birds. FowLiNGPiECE,f6fll'ing-p^^se. s. A g^ for birds. Fox, f6ks. s» A wild ammal of the dog kind, remarkable for lus cunning; a knave or cunning fellow. Fox CASE, f6k8^&se« s. A fox's skin. FoxcHASE,f&ks'tshibe. 8. The pursuit of the fox with hounds. FoxoLovEs, f6ks'gIAvz. s. A plant. FoXHUNTER,f5ks'h&it-(ir. s. A man whose chief ambition is to show his bra* very in hunting foxes. Fox8BiP,i5k8^hlp.s. Thecharacteror qualities of a fox, cunning. FoxTRAp, f&ks'tr&p. s. A gin or snare to catch foxes. To Fract, fr^t V. a. To break, t© violate, to infringe. Fraction, frdk'shAn. s. The act of breaking, the state of being broken ;. a broken part of an integral. Fractional, frik'sh^-U. a. (88). BeloQgingto a broken number. Fracture, , frfik'tsli^re. s. (461). Breach, separation of continuous parts ^ the breaking of a bone. To Fracture, frik'tsliiire. v. a. To break a bone. Fragile, frMie% a. (140). Brittle^ easily snapped or broken ; weak, uncer- tain, frail. |C7* Ail our orthoepists are uniform in the pronunciation of this word with the a short. Fragility, fri-jir^-ti« s. Bnttleness, weakness v frailty, liableness to fault. Fragment, frig^m^nL s. A part broken from the whol^ ^^^^^ Frag^ancy, frA'grlin-ft^.y ness of smell, pleasing scent . Fragrant, frVgrant. a. (544). Odor- ous, sweet of Smell. iXy This word is sometimes, bttt unproocr- ly, heard with the a in the first sylWJle pronounced short.— Sec Drama. Fragrantly, frA'grdnt-16. ad. vVith s^jreet scent. Frail, frile. s. (202). A basket made of rushes ; a rush for weaving baskets. . Frail, frile. a. Weak, easUy destn^- edi weakofresoUttion, liable to erwttT or seduc^on. J^R-A 4n FKS «.4iAnaiAve, iMftr, nftt^-idkbe, tflb, bMl;— 611 ;-.pA^faKi;—/Am, this. PRAiLimss, frdle'n^s. s. Weftknes^ FHatkhnity, frMdr'nA^^. s. The iiMUbiMty. BUte eceitlulneBa, trickishliessy psoHeness to proportion. artifice, Framer, fr4me^^. s. (98). Maker, |C7^ For the propriety of pronoundnr the former, contriver^ schemer. ^ i" ^^^ ^rorda like y, see Primcmles. FftAWCHisB, frin'tshlz. ^(U0\ Ex- ^^^ ^93, 376. emption from any onerous duty; priTi- *^»Ayi>ULElrT, friw'd^^Wtit. a. Full of leg«, Immanity, right granted ; district^ "rtifice, trickish, deceitful. extent of jurisdiction. Fraudulently, fr&w'dft-ltet-lA. ad. To Franchise, Mn'tihlz* v. a. To ^X ^"d, by artifice, deceitfidly. enfranchise, to make free. Fraught, fHm. part. pasa. (393), Fa AWGIBLE, fr4n'j^-bl. a. (405). Fra- Laden, chai^d ; fillcd^stored, thronged. ^ile, brittle, easUy broken. Fray, fri. a. (220). A broil, a battle, Frank, fringk. a. (408). Liberal, ge- * combat oeroua ; open, ingenuous, sincere, not re- To Fray, frA. V. a. To nib« to Wear served ; without condition, without pay- away by robbinr ; to ftiriit ment } not restrained. v^^.^ r-Ai y««Jx FitAKK, fringk. 8- A place to feed ^^fi!^^/!^^- I ^^>. A sudden bog.ia,asty%letterwludipaysnopost. T^y;*^^^^^ V. age I a French com. To t-REAK, fr^ke. V. a. Tovanegate. To Frank; frdngk. v, a. To shut up Freakish, fr^keaah. a. Capricious, inafrankoraty; tofeedhigh,tofat,to| a^Jno^ome- cram ; to exempt letters from posugei FREAKisHLt, frike1ah4^, ad. Capri*' FRAMKiNG£NSK,fringk%«-ftenseiS< Anj cioosly, humorsomely; odoriferous kind of resin. FREAKiSHNKss,fr^ke'l8h.n*8.8. Catori* FltAHKLiv, MngkOln. s A steward; ciouaness, wiiimstcalneAs. abaaiffofland. Freckle, frfikl;!. s. (405). A spot Frankly, frAngk16. ad» Liberally, «iised in the skin by the sun ; any small freely, kindly, readilv. | ^pot or discoloration.- Fkankness, friugk^n^. 8. Plainiiess F^^ckled, fr^k'klM. a. (359). Spot- of speech^ openness, iitgeiaiouanesv $ lit; ted, maculated. bcrality^bfwnteousness. ; Freckly, frek'kW. a. Full of freckles, F»ANTicK,fi4a'tik. a. Mad, deprived FREE,friA. a. (2.46). At liberty; un- of understandiag by violent madness, out j j com]!>elIed, unrestrained ; permitted; con- rageously and turbtdently laad ; traoa ported byriolence of passioO/ Fhantickly, fran'tik-l** ad. outrageotisly, tersmg irithout reserve ; "litMsral ; firank j guiltless; exempt; invested with fian- chises, possessmg any thing ^rithont vassalage ; vKthoiit expense. Franticknk^s, iein'tlk^oiB* &• Mad'^ T'o Free, fr^i. v. a. To set atliberty - ness, fury of passion. , toridfrom, to clear fram any thme iU ! FHATERNAfc,fr4-t^r'na.a.(88), Bro-' toexeinpt ' a » therly, pertalni«|f to brothers, beeomiiig Freebooter, fr6(£4)d6^t&r. s« A rob* brothers.' ' * I ^^' * plunderer. FitArttNAi.t.Y, fri^ir^iuU^. ad, Ina Freehooting, W*4)d6'tfiig. a. Rob- brocheriy manner. bery, plunder, ' 2X PRE 4rg FRK «?• (559)^F4te, ftr, Oil, flt;— «*, m£t;-^piiie, pto;— FitCEBORNy fr^^'bdrn. s. Inheriting • liberty. Fr£Ech APEL, fr££-^h&p'dl. s* A cha^ pel of the kiting foundation. FREEtosT, frife^'kost. s. Without ex- pense. Freedmak, fr^^d'mdn. s. A slave manumitted. Freedom, fWfi'ddm. s. (166). Liber- ty, independence ; privilege, franchises, immunities ■; unrestraint ; ease or facility in doing or shoi^ing any thing. Preefooted, fr^MAt'Ad. a. Not re- strained in the march. Freehearted, fr^^-hir'tW. a. Libe ral, unrestrained. Freehold, frdd'hAId. s. That land or tenement which a man holdeth in fee, feetjul, or for term of life. Freeholder, fr^^^il-d&r. s* One who has a freehold. Freely, fr^i^li. ad. At liberty ; with out restraint ; without reserve ; without impedimenti frankly, liberally ; spontane- ously, of its own accord. Freeman, fr^i'mdn. ja. (88); One not a slave, not a vassal ; one partaking of rights, privileges, or immunities. . Freeminded, frW-mbd'M. a. Un- constrained, without load of care. Fkebness, friA'nis. s. The state or quality of being free ; openness, unre- servedness, ;liberality. Frebschool, fri^'skddl. s. A school in which learning is given without pay. Freespoken, fri^-spA'k'n. a. (103). Accustomed to speak without reserve. Freestone, fr^i'stine. s. Stone com- monly used in building. Freethinker, fr^6-r*bk'fir. s. A libertine, » contemner of religion Freewill, fr^^-wlU'. s. The. power of directing^ our own actions without re- straint by necessity or fate j voluntarineds. Frbewoman, fr^^'wtlm-ftn. s. A wo- man not enslaved. To Freeze, fr^^ze. v, n. (246). To be congealed with cold ; to be of tlut de- gi'ee of cold by which water is congealed. To Freeze, fr^^ze. v. a. Prct I roze ; Part Frozen or Froze. To congeal with cold ; to kill by cold ; to chill by the loss of jwwer or motion. To Freight, frAte. v. a. (249) (393). Pret Freighted ; Part Fraught, Freight- —' To load a ship or vessel of carriage ed. Freight, frftte. s. (349). See Eight. Any thing with which a ship is loaded i • the money due for transportation of goods. Freighter, frite'iir. s. He who freights a vesseL French CHALKjfWnah'tsh&wk'.s. An indurated clay. To Frejjchify, frdnsh'd-f 1. v. a. To infect with the manner of France* to make a coxcomb. . Frenetick, fr^^^t%, or frdn'^-tlk. a. Mady di8tracted.^See Phrxxetick.' Frenzy, frto'zd. s. Madness, distnu:- tion of mind. FREquENCE, fr^^w^nse. s. (544). Crowd, concourse, assembly. (t^ Some speakers, and those not Tulnir ones, pronounce the e in the ftrat sytiaDte of this and t]^e following words, when the accent is on it, short : as if written Jrti" fDenceffrek-wentfyf &c. They h$ve undoubt- edly the short e in the Latin Rrtqiutu to plead; and the Latin quantity i» <^n found to operate in an^cised words of two syllables, with.the accent on the first : but usaj^, in these words, seems decidedly against this pronunciation. Mr. Sheri- dan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Scott, Mr. Perry, Mr. Smith, W. Johnston* and, if we may judge by the position of the accent,Dr. Ash and Entick are for the c long in the first syllable ; and Buchanan only makes it with the short e. The verb to frequent having the accent on the second syllable, is under a difierent predicament. See Drama. with goods .for transpftrUtion'; to load with a burden. FREquENCY, fr^lcw^n-s^. s. Common occurrence, the condition of being often seen, often occurring; used often to practise any thing ; ftill of concourse. Frequent, fr*'kw*nt.a.(4<>2). Often done,often seen^ftenoccurring; used often to practise any tbing < fiUl of oonconrte. To FRRquBHT, M-kw^t'. r.a.(492). To visit often, to be much in any place. FREqtTENTABLt, W-kwdnt'i-bl. a. Conversable, accessible. Frequentative, fr^-kw^n'td-tlv. a. A ^ammaticalterm applied to verbs signi* fying the frequent repetition of an action* Frequenter, frfe-kwdnt'Ar. s. One who often resorts to any place. Frequently, fr6'kwint-W. ad. Often, commonly, not rarely. Fresco, ft^s'kA. s. Coolness, shade^ duskiness; a picture not diti\^'n In glaring light, b^t in dusk. Fresh, fi-6sh. a. Cool \ not salt ; new. TUT «f» FRl -.nirvaAve^ nAr^ nAt;«— tUiet tAb» bftIl;«-&U;«-*p6(iiid; thin^ tnia. not impaiwd hy time; recent, newly oome; repaired from any loss or diminu- tkm ; florid, vigorous ; healthy in counte- nance ; ruddy ; free from saltnoss ; sweet, opposed to stale or stinking. ToFrbshen, frish'sh'n. v. a. (lOO). To make fresh. To Freshen, fr^sh Wn. v.n. To grow fresh. Freshet, frdsh'et. a. (99). A pool of fresh water. Freshly, fr^hH^. ad. Coolly; newly, m the former state renewed, with a healthy look, ruddily, FRE8HKEss,&^sh'nds. s. The state of being fresh. Fret, fr6t. s. A frith, or strait of the sea ; any agitation of liquors by fermenta- tion or other cause ; that stop of the mu- sical instrument which causes or regu- lates the vibrations of the string ; work rising ui protuberance ; agitation of the . niM^ commotion of the temper, pas- sion. To Fret, Mi. v. a. To wear away by xubbing f to fenn into raised ^work ; to variegate, to diversify ; to make angry, to vex. To Fret, frit. v. n. To be in commo- tion, to be agitated ; to be worn away ; to be angry, to be peevish. FREtFXTL, frit'fU. a. Angry, pee- rish. Fretfully, frit'fai-i. ad. Peevish- ly. FRETFULKEssjfrfit'fiil-nte. s. Peevish- ness. Fretty, frit-t6. a. Adorned with rais- ed work. Friarility, fri4-bll'i-t6. s. Capdiclty of being redoeed to powder. Friable, fri^&-bl. a. Basily crumbled, easily reduced to powder. Friar, fH'dr. a. (86) (418). A religi- oils brother of some regular order. Friarlikb, frl'6f-like. a. Monastick, unskilled in the world. Friarly, frl'ftr-16. ad. Like a friar, a man untaught in life. Friary, fri'&r-4. s. A monastery or convent of friars. To Fribblejc frlb'bl. V. n. (405). To trifle. Fribblee, fribl)l-&r. 8. A tiifler. Fricassee, frlk4-sA6'. s. A dish made by cutting chickens or other small things in pieces, wd dressing them with strong aauce. Frication, frI-kA'shtJn. s. The act of rubbing one thing against another. Friction, frlk'shdn. s. The act of rubbing two bodies together -, the resist- ance in machines caused by the motioR of one body upon another ; medical pub- bmg with the flesh-brush or cloths. Friday, fri'd^. s. (223). The sixth day of the week, so named of Freya, a Saxon deity. Friend, frdnd. s. (278). One joined to another m mutual benevolence and inl- timacy, opposed to foe or enemy ( one reconciled to another ; a companion ; fii* Tourer ; one propitious { a familiar com* pellation. Friendless, fr^nd^l^. a. Wanting friends, wanting su{qport Friendliness, frdndl^-n£s. s. A dis- position to friendship ; exertion of bene- volence. Friendly, frdnd'li. a. Having the temper and disposition of a friend, kind, favourable ; 'disposed to union s saluta;* Friendship, fr^nd'ship. s. The state of minds united by mutual benevolence ; highest degree of intimacy; favour, per*, sonal kindness ; assistance, help. Frieze, frWze. a. (278). A coirse warm cloth. FAieze, M^zt. • > r U-. FRizE,frWze.(112).5 *" !« «^»^»tec. ture, a large flat member which separates the architrave from the cornice. Frigate, frlg'dt s. (91) (544). A small ship ; a ship of war $ any vessel on the water. Frioevaction, frid-ji-f&k'shto. a. (530). The act of making cold. To Fright, frke. v. a, (393). To ter- rify, to disturb with fear. Fright, frite. s. A sudden terror. To Frighten, frlVn. v. a. (103). To terrify, to shock with dread Frightful, frite'fU. a. Terrible^ dreiidful, full of terror. Frightfully, frlteT61-6. ad. Dread* frilly, horribly. Frightfulness, frite^fU-n£s. s. The power of impressing terror. Frigid, frld'jld. a. (544). Coldj without warmth of afiection ; impotent, without warmth of body; dull, without fire of fancy. Frigidity, fr^-jid'£-t6. s. Coldne8% want of warmth s didneis, want of intel* F R D FX« 87* (559).— F^, fktj 011,011;— m^, mit;--pbe, piUS^ FftOGBiT, fr6§fUti 8. A herb. le^txul fire ; want of cotporeal wamtli ; coldness of affection. Trigiol Yy frid'jid-I^. ad. Coldly, dully> without affection. Fricionesb, frid'jki-nte. ^« Cplidnois, dulnessf wantof a&ection. ' Frioorifick, fri-g6<^rif Ik. a. Causing cold. To Frill, frll. v. n. To quake or shiver ^th cold. Used of a hawk, as the hawk Frills. Frihos, frlnje. s. Ornamental appen- dages added to dress or furniture. To 1* RitfGE, fHnje. v. a. To adoln with fringeif; to decorate with ornamental ap* peiidAJires. Fill VPER T) frlp^6r-i. s.Theplac^ where pld clothes are sold; old clothes, cast dremes, tattered rags. To Frisk, frisk, v. n. To leap; to ^kip ; to dance in frolick or gsiytty. Frisk, frisk. $• A frolick, a fit of wan- ton gayety. Frisrbr, JrisVJi^. s. A wantoQy one not constant or settled. FRisKiyj^ss, irlsk'^-n^s. s. Gayety, liveliness. Friskt, frlsk'^. a. Gay, airy. J^RiT, frit. 8. Among chymists, ashes or salt Frith, Mth. s, A strait of the se^; a kind of net, FttiTTBR, frlt'tftr. s. A small piece icut to be filed ; a fragmenti a cheese- cake. Jo FifiTTER, ^It'tAr. V, a. To cut itieat into small pieces to be fried; to break into small particles or frag- ments. Frivolous, frlv-A-lAs. a. Slight, tri- fili^; of lio moment. FRivoLoysNEss, fjpiv'^lAs-nis. 8. IVant of importance, triflingness. Frivolouslt, frlv'A-lfisJe. ad, Tri* flingly, without weight. - To FrIzlr, fdz^zl. V. a. See Co- DLs. To curl in short cuds like nap of ftiejte. . , . / , Faizlilr, frlz'zl-Ar. s. One that makes 9hprt curls, properly FaizzLBR. « Fao, M. ad. Backward, regres&ively ; to ^d fro, )>ack ^ard and forward. ' , FftocK, ftok. s. A dress, a coat :^r children ; a kind of ck>$'e coa( for men. • Frqo, fr6g. s. A small animal \rithibur , fiJCt^ of the amphibious kindi the hollow part of tl^c horde's hoo£ ...... ., ». s, A kind of frftglfit-as. 8. A 8. Gay, folloflevi* s. A wild pnmky a y. n. To play FRoGiPtSH, frog'flsh. s; A kind of fish. ... Frooorass, frftg'grdS. herb. Froglettuce, plant ' FllOLIX^K, frdllk. 8. ty. ... Frolick, fr6l%. s. flight of whim. ' To Frolick, WHk wildprankst FROLjcKLY,fr&llk-16. ad. Gaily, wild- ly. Frolic KSOM9, fr6ini(-sAp. a. Full of wild gayety. ' ' • FROLIC]|CSOll£N£SS,fr6l^-s0m-n^8.S. )Vlldf)es8ofg|iyety, jsranks. Frolick^om^lt, fr^I1k<^5i&|n,K. ad. With wild gayety. From, fr6m. prep. Away, notmg pri* ration; noting reception ; noting proces- sion ; descent, or birth ; out of; noting^ progress from premises to inferences; noting the place or person from whom a messagt is brought ; beoiuse of; hot near ' to I noting separation r noCiiig e^mptum or deliverancet at a distance ; contraiy to ; noting removal ; From is very fbquently joined by an ellipsis with adverbs, as^ from above, from the parU abote ; front afar ; fivm behind ; from hirfi. Frondiferous,' fr6n-dlrfi& W. Johnston, and Mr. Pefry piv>« nounceit m thefbst manner; and Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Smith in the last' Mr, Scott gives it both ways, but seems to prefer the Ust; Mr. Nares gives it the first manner^ but «aya -it is •sometimea pronounced regularly. • .< . To Frowt, frdnt. v. a. To oppose di- rectly, or face to f»ce * to stand opposed or overagainst any. place or thing. fc^ FaowTrfrtot. v. a. To stafid foro« FRO 4S1 FR U ■p&j fii&Ye) nAr^ n&t i^-vtflbtt tAb» bfill ;— All ;— pUnd ;«— rAin, this. FmoHTAL, fr6iit'41. 8. (88). Apy exter- nal ftrm of medicine to be applied to the fiirehead. Frontatbd^ frAn^ti-tM. a. The fron- tated leaf of a flower grows broader and btoader* and at laat pertiaps terminates ' In a right line ; used in opposition to cus- pal^ Tj^oifTBoXj frint'b6kB\ s. The box in the playhouse from which there )« a di- rect view to the stage. Frovted, fr&it'W. a. Formed with a front FnoNTiEBf fr&n'tch66r, or fr6nt'- ' y^^r. s. (il3)- The marches, the limit, the utmost verge of any territo* *«7- Frontier, fr&n'tchi^r, or fr6nt'- jA^r. a. (459) (461). Bordering, f ^oirTistiECE,fr6n'tls;p^ise. s. That part oif any building oi^ othqr body that directly meets the eye. Frontless, frdntl^. a* Without blushes, without shame. Pj^ontlet, frdntlit s. A bandage wom'upon the forehead. Froktroom , frAntVddm^ s. An apart- ment in the ferepart of the house. Frorb, fi^&re. 9l» Frozen. Frost, frdst. s. The last effect of cold, ' the power or act of congelation. Frostbitten, fi^stljlt-fn a. (103). Nipped or withered by the frost Frosteq, fros't^d. a. Laid on in ine- lities like those of the hoar frost upon Frostily, fr-As'tW^. ad. With frost, with excessive cold. Fbostiness, fr68't£-R^. s. (}old, freez* ing cold. Frostnail, fr6st'n^le. s. A mul with a prominent hea4 driven into the horse's shoes, that it may pierce the ice. Frost wo|iK> frost'wflrk. s. Work in which the substance is laid on with in- equaUtieSy like the dew congealed upon amrubs. Frosty, fr^s't^. a* Having the power of congelatian» excessive cold ; chiU in ejection; hoary, gray-hairedy resembling frost Froth, fr4//i. s. (163). Spume, foam, ' the bubbles caused in liquors by t^p^- tion; any empty or senseless show of wit or eloquence;' any thing not hard, solid, er sut^tantial. fo Frotb, fr6/A. v,]|. Tofiniii» to •• tkrvw^spome. Frothily, fr6M'^«.* ad. With foam, with spume ; in any empty trifling man- ner. Frothy, fr6/A'A. a. Full of froth or spume; soft, not solid, wasting; vain, empty, trifling. Frounce, fr6; plenteous, abound- ing in any thing. Fruityully, fr66t'fal-^. ad. In such a manner as to be prolifick ; plenteously, abundantly. Fruitfulness, frA6t'fiil-n6s. s.Ferti lity, plentiful production; the quality of being probfick. Fruitgroves, frddt'gr6v2. s. Shades, or close plantations of fruit trees. Fruition, frii-ish'An. s. Enjoyment, possession, pleasure given by possession or use. Fruitive, fri'e-tiv. a. Enjoying, possession, having the power of enjoy- ment. FRuiTLEss,frAdt1^s. a.Barren of fruit ; vain, idle, unprofitable; without off- •apring. Fruitlessly, frddtl^s-lfi. ad. Vainly, idly, unprofitably. Fruit-time, fr66t'tlme. s. The Au- timin. Fruit-tree, frMt'tr^^. s. A tree of that kind whose principal value arises from the fruit produced by it. Frumentacious, fri-mfin-tA'shAs. a Made of grain. Frumenty, frA'mfin-tA. s. Food made of wheat boiled in milk. (J3* This word is almost universally cor- rupted into Furtnentyi if not sometimes into Furmete: and I believe it is sel- dom found that words employed in the eoncems of cookery are ever recovered from irregularity. — ^Sec Asparagus and Cttcumber. To Frump, frAmp^ v. a. To mock, to browbeat To FRUBH,fWi8h.v.a, To iM'cak, bruise, tr crush. Frustraneous, frfts-tr&'nfe-^is. «. Vain, useless, unprofitable. To Frustrate, frfis'triite. v. a. (9i), To defeat, to disappoint, to balk s to make RUlL F&vstratb, Ms'trAte. past. a. Wmi, ineffectual, useless^ ui]i»ofiUble» nallp void. FausTRATfOK, fr^s-tr4'8hto. s. Dis- appointment, defeat Frustrativb, frds'tpi-tWr a. (512). Fallacious, disappointing. Frustratory, frds'tra-tdr-^. (512). That which makes any procedure void. GI/' For the o, see Domestzck. Frustum, frAs't^m. s. A piece cnt off from a regular figure. A term of sci- ence. Fry, fri. s. The swann of little fishes just produced from the spawn ; any swarm of animals, or young x^etfple in contempt. To Fry, fri. v. a. To dress food by roasting it in a pan on the fire. To Fry, fri. v. n. To be roasted in a pan on the fire ; to suffer the action of fire ; to melt with heat ; to be agitated like liquor in the pan on the fire. Fry, fri. s. A dish of things fried. Frying pan, fri'lng-pan. s. The ves- sel in which meat is roasted on the fire. To FuB, ffib. Y. a. To put off. Zy This word is more usually written Fom. FuB, fi&b. s. A plump chubby boy. FucATED, fuliA-tM. a. Painted, dis- guised with paint; disguised by false show. Fucus, ft'kils. s. Paint for the fa6c. To Fuddle, fftd'dl. v. a* To make drunk. To Fuddle, flftd'dl. ▼. n. (405). To drink to excess. F^EL, fi'll. s. The matter or aliment of fire. FuoAcious,fei.g4'shfl8. a. (292) (357). Volatile, fleeting. FuGAciousNEss, fi^»gd'shi!^s-n£s« a. Volatility, the quality of flying away. . Fug A CITY, ffi-^ds'6-ti. s. Volarility, quality of flying away ; uxkcertainty, insta- bility. FuoiTiYE, {Kk^ji-tlv. a. Not tenable ; unsteady ; volatile, apt to fly away ; flyiog-, running from dan^r; flying from duty, falling off; wandering, vagabood. Fugitive, fA-j^-tiv. s. One who nma from his station or duty ; one who takes shelter under another power from puniaU- ment FuGiTiv^NESS, fu'j^-tlvnda. s. Vola* tility; instability, uncertainty. Fuou£| iiw^. 8. (337). Flying muaick* ruL 4M FUM ItobciMCNt, !ftl'B^wm£nt. s. That on wUek a body restft« To Fulfil, fdl-f U'. v. a. To fill till there in no room tor more ; to answer any prophecy or promise by performance ; to answer any desire by compiiaiice or gra- tificttdon ; to answer any law by obedi- ence. FuLFR AUGHT, f{d«&iwt\ a. Full stored. FuLOEiK:Y,ffirj5n.si. 8.(177). Splen- dour. Fulgent, fM'j^nt. a. Shimng. FuLGiD, fftl'jld. a. Shining. Fu L Gi DiT T, flil-JWi-t^ . s. Splendour. FuLGOUR, ftd'gir. 8. (314). Splen- dour, dazzling brightness. Ftjlguration, fiil-g{i-ri'shfln. s. The act of lightening. Fuliginous, flirnd^jb-ilis. a. Sooty, smoky. Full, fftl. a. (If4). Replete, with out any space void ; abounding in any quality good or bad; stored with any tlungf well supplied with any thing: plump, fat ; saturated, sated ; crowded in the imaginatian or memory ; complete, such as that nothing farther is wanted; con- taining the whole matter, expressing much ; mature, parfect ; applied to the mooD, complete in its orb. FvLL,fiU. 6. Complete measure ; the highest state or degree ; the whole, tlie total ; the state of being fiiU ; applied to the moon, the time in .which ^e moon makes a perfect orb. Full, fiiL ad. Without abatement; with thfg whole effect ; quite ; exactly ; very su^ciently i directly. Full-blown, ftillslAne. a. Spread to the utmost extent ; stretched by the wind to the utmost extent Full-bottobied, f{il-b6t't^rad. a. Having a large bottom. FuLL-EAitED,f&M^rd'. a.(362). Hav- ing the heads ftill of grain. Pull-eyed, fM-ide'. a. Having large prominent eves. Full-fed, fil-fSd'. a. Sated, fat, sa- turated. Full-laden, fiil-lA'd'n. a. (103). Laden till there can be no more. Full-spread, fU-sprW. a. Spread to the utmost.extent. Full-summed, f(il-staid'. a. Com- ''plete in all its parts. bfill;— 4Tl;-«p64Rd;— ^Ain, THIS. To Full, fU. v. a. To cleanse clotli from its oil or grease. FuLLAGE, fdl'lage. s. (90). The money paid for foiling or cleansing cloth. Fuller, fiiVliir, 8. (98). One whose trade is to cleanse cloth. 1^7* 1^i> word, ihoueh derived from tht Latin FuUo, has deviated into the sound of the English yroTdJuU, and is an ex- ception to the rule laid down in the Prin- ciples, No. 177. Fullers Earth, fCil'lArz-^r/A'. s, A kind of marl or clay used in fulling. Fuller Y, ful'iar-r6. s. The place where the trade of a fuller is exercised. FuLLiNGMiLL, €ill'Ung-mll. s. A mill where hammers beat the cloth till it be cleansed. Fully, fiil'W. ad. Without vacuity; completely, without lack. Fulminant, fiU'm^-n&ht. a. (177), Thun4ering» making a noise like thun- der. To Fulminate, fdl'm^-n&te. t. n. (91). To tiiunder ; to make a lo^ noise or crack ; to issue out ecclesiastical cea* sures. FuLMiNATtoN,fi&]-m^-nlL'shAn.8. Th« act of thundering ; denunciation of cen« sures. Fulminatory, Ml^m^-nii-tftr-^. a* (512). Thundering, striking horrour. Fulness, fi^l'n^s. a. The state of being full; copiousness, plenty; repletion, satiety ; struggling perturbation, swelling in the mind ; mrce of sound, such as fiUs the ear. Fulsome, {{U'sAm. a. (177), Nau- seous, offenfiive ; of a rank odious smell ; tending to obscenity. FuLsoMELY, fH'sAm-l^. ad. Nause* ously, rankly, obscenely. FuLsoMENEss, fi&l'siim-n^s. a. Nau- scousness, rank smell ; obscenity. FuMAGS, fu'm&je. 8. (90). Hearth- money. Fumatort, f&'md-tiir-^. s. (512) (534). An herb. To Fumble, fdm'bl. v. n. (405). To attempt any thing awkwardly or ungain- ly ; to puzzle, to strain in perplexity ; to play childishly. FuMBLER, f^m'bl-^. s. One who act^ awkwardly. PUN 494 PtTR ty (559).^?^, flkr, An, iat;*-4tt4)* iiiit';<*^-pliic, piiif^ FDMBLiN6LT^f&m'Uliig-14. ad. Iiian awkward manner. FuHe, fiEime. s. Smoke; vapour, any volatile parts flying away ; exhalation from the stomach ;'heat of mind, passion ; any thing unsubstantial, idle conceit, vain imagination. To Fume, fifime. v. n. To smoke ; to yield exhalations ; to pass away in va< pours { to be in a rage. To Fume, Suae* v. a. To smoke, to dry in the smoke ; U> perfume with odours in the fire ) to disperse in vapours. FvMETTEy fiSl-m^t^ s. The stiuk of meat FuMio, f&'mld. 8. Smoky, vaporous. FuMi»iTy,f&-mid'M^. s. Smokiness, tendency to smoke. To Fumigate, fu'm^-gAte. v. n. To smoke, to perfUme by smoke or vapour ; to medicate or heal by vapours. FuMioATioK,fAM£NTALLY» fin-d4-m4n'til-^. ad. £aaential)y, origmally. a. Pro- FvNERAL, ft'n^4l. s. (88). The ^ lemnization <^ a burial, the payment oT the laat bontAuv to the dead, obaeqities i the pomp or procession with whicn the dead are carried ; burial, interment. Funeral, f&'ndr^di. a. Used at the ceremony of interring the dead. Funereal, f6-n^'r£*il. a. Suitingafo' neral, dark, dismaL FuNGosiTY, fi&ng-gds'^-t^. 8. Unfiolid excrescence. Fungous, fAng^gib. a. (3U). Excre^ scent, spongy. Fungus, fOng'gAs. s. Strictly, a muah^ room ; a word used to express such ex- crescences of flesh as grow out upon the lips of wounds, or other excrescence from trees or plants not naturally belonging ts tliem. Funicle, f&'ni-kU s. (405) (534). A small cord. Funicular, {&-nlk'&>lir. a. (88). Con* sitftingof a small cord or fibre. Funk, t&nk. s. A stink. Funnel, ffin'n^l. s.(99). Ankiverfed hollow cone with a pipe descending from it, through which liquors are poured into vessels ; a pipe or passage of commumca> tion. Fur, fi&r. s« Skin with soft hair, with which ff&rments are lined for warmth ; soft hair of beasts found in cold eowi« tries, hair in general ; any moistiure ex- haled to such a degree as that the re- mainder sticks in the part« To Fur, fdr. v. a. To line or cover " wxh skins that have soft hair ; to eovef with soft* matter. Fur-wrought, fftr'riwt. a. Made of flnr. FuRAClous, A-rd'shAs. a. Thieviah. f uracity, fi^-ris'^-t^. s. Disposition to theft. Furbelow, fdr^'lA. s. Fur or fringe sewed on the lower part of the garment ; an ornament of dress. To Furbelow, fdrliW*. v. a. To adorn with ornamental appendage Jl To Furbish, fikrl)ish. v. a. lo bar* nish, to polish, to rub up. Furbisher, fAr^iah*Ar. s* One WlKl polishes any thing. Furcation, filr-kA'sh(in,s. Forkiness^ the state of 'shooting two ways like the blades of a fork. FUR 4ti PUR — 41A9 mAye, ndr, nAt^^-tUie, tAl>, bftll;— dU; p6(ind;*-^Ain9 this. FuftfUR, Ar^fih*. 8. Husk or chaff, scuxf or daadriff. FuRpuRACKOUs, fftr-fb-rA'shib. a. (357). HuBky, brwiny, ftcaly. Furious, fd'r^As. a. Mad, phrene- tick; m^g^, tnuwported by passion be- yond reason. Furiously, fJi'r*-fis4*. ad. Madly, violently, vehemently. FuRiousjfEss, fil'r^-(ks-nis. s. Phren sy, madness, transport of passion; To Furl, t6rL v. a. To draw up, to contract. Furlong^ flirlAiig. s. A measure of length, the eighth part of a mile. Furlough, fAr'l*. s. (318) (390). A temporary dismisskm from a military service ; leave of ahaence to a soldier for a limited time. FuRMENTT, fdr'nite-t*. 8. Food made by boiling wheat in milk-^See Frumen- ty. Furnace, fllr'nls. s. (91). An inclos- ed fireplace. To FuftnsH, flp'nish. v. a. To supply with what is necessary; to fit up; to equip ; to decorate, to adorn. Furkisher, ffir'nish-t^. s. One who • supplies or fit» out Furniture, flkr'n^-tshftre. s. (463). Moveables^ goods put in a house for use or ornament ; appendages ; equipage, em- belUslunents, decorations. Furrier, ffti/r^-dr. s. A dealer in furs. Furrow, fftr'ri- s, (324) (327). A small trench made^ by the plough for the reception of seed ; any long trench or hollow. Furrow-weed, fiiir'r&-wA6d. s. A weed that grows in furrowed land. To Furrow, Hir'rA, v. a. To cut in furrows; to divide in long hollows; to make by cutting. Furry, flr'rd. a. Covered with fur, dressed in fur ; consisting of fur* FtJRTBER, fir'THAr, a. (98.). Forth, Further, Furthest At a great distance ; beyond tliis. QC/* I)r- Johnson has proved beyond dispute ihaXfarsAer and/arthest are not the com- parative and superlative of far , but cor- ruptions of the comparative and superla- tive of firth. However true this (Kscovery may be, it does not seem a sufficient rea- son for altering the beaten path which custom had formed in the usa^ offorther md farthest. It is probabk> ^de^d^ that fatf/ort, wtidftrth, arise from the same original root : extending beyond wome other object seems to be the leading idea in all. i^ar seems to intimate extension beyond an indefinite object ifore only such extension as gives priority to the extend- ed object; uidfortA, from its form seems to relate to tlie abstract of such priority of extension, or the very act of extending or issuing out. If, therefore, forth 9x\dfar have different ideas annexed to them, the same comparative and superlative cannot possibly suit with both ; and as almost im- memorial usage has borrowed the compa- rative and superktive of^A to form the comparative and superlative of far^ their sense is now fixed to the latter adverb ; and forth, inasmuch as it diifers ftomfar, seems entirely to have lost its comparison. Notwithstancung, therefore, tliat/artA«r 9Lnd fartheet are very irregular branches of far, they are grafted on it by use, and cannot be altered without diverting the Elain tendency of the language. Such, owever, has been the force of Dr. Johnr son's criticism, that, since his time, every writer and printer, unless by mistake, has used^^iitA^ 9ndfurthe9t for farther and fartheeti by which means we Kave revived the comparative and superlative of an ad- verb which has lost its ccmiparison, and have lost the comparative and superlative of an adverb which has been compared for these two hundred years. But though further passes very well for farther, when far is out of sight, we feel the utmost re- pugnance at saying, *< Thus^izr shalt thou go, and no fitrtherV >' Some dream that they can silence when they will ' The vtorm of passkmy and say. Peace, be *till; 'But " Thut far and no farther," wh«n ad- ^ dressed To the wild wave, or wilder humaA breast, * Implies authority tliat never can. That never ought to b§ the lot of man.** Cowper*e Progreu of Error ^ Further, f&r^Tudr. ad. To a greater distance. To Further, ffir'THAr. v. a. To pit onward, to forward, to promote, to assist. FuRTHERER^'Ar'THfir-^r. s. Promoter, advancer. Furthermore, fdr'THir-more. ad. Moreover, besides. Furtive, fftr'tiv. a. Stolen, gotten by tlicft. Furuncle, fA'riSnk-kl. s. (405) (534). A bile, an angry pustule. 2 y * F U S 486 F Y jt7* (^59).-«FAte, ikt, flau fitt;— .m^ mit;— pine, pin;— Fury, f&'r^.s. Madness; rage, passionj Fustian, ffts'tshtn. 8. (391> Akind of an^r ; enthiuiasm, exaltation of fan-l of cloth made 6f linen and cotton ; a high cv ; a turbulent, raging woman ; ^ one or swelling kind of writing made up of hete< the infernal deities, supposed to be em- ployed in tormenting wicked spirits in the other world, Furze, <z. s. Gorse, goss. FuRZY, f^z^, a. Overgrown with furze,' full of gorse. FuscATioN, tns-k&'shiin. s. The att of darkening. To Fuse, fiize. v. a. To melt, to put into fusion. To Fuse, f^Jize. v.n. To be melted Fusee, fA-2^6'. s. The cone, round which is wound the chord or chain of a clock or watch ; a'lirelock, a small neat musquet ; Fusee of a bomb or granado shell, is that which makes the whole powder or composition in the shell take fire, to do the designed execution. Fusible, fu's^-bl. a. (405). Capable of being melted. Fusibility, fil-s6-bll'6-l6. s. Capacity of being melted, quality of growing liquid by heat« FusiL,fi'ziL a. Capable of being melt- ed, liquifiable by heat ; running by the force of heat. OCj* As this word is derived from' the Trench futile and the Latin/wi/i*, it oiight certainly to be written with the finale c, Jitsile. Fusil, fi-z^i'. s. A firelock, a small neat musket ; in heraldry, something like a spindle. Fusilier, fft-zil-lWr'. s. (3T5). A soldier armed vnXh a fusil. Fusion, fd'zhto. s. (451). The act of melting ; the state of being melted. Fuss, f&s. s. A tumult, a bustle. Alow' cant word. Fust, fAst. s. The trunk or body of a column; a strong smell, as that of ar mouldy barrel. rogeneous parts, bombast Fustian, fas'tsh&ii. a. Made of fus- tian ; swelling, unnaturally pompous, ridi- culous ly tumid. FusTiCK, fAs'tlk. s. A sort of wood brought firom the West Indies. To FusTiOA,TE, f&s^t^-gAte. V. a. To beat with a stick. FusTiLARiAN, f&s-t^-l&'rd4n.^ 8. A low fellow, a stinkard. FusTiNEss, fi&s't^-nis. 8. Mouldiness, stink. . Fusty, fds't^. a. Smelling mouldy. Futile, fi'til. a. (140). Tajkattvc, loquacious ; trifling, worthless. Futility, f6-tir6-ti. s. Talkativeness, loquacity ; triflingness, want of weight* want of solidity. FuTTOcKs, fdt'tAks. s. The lower tim- bers that hold the ship together. Future, fCi'tsh^ire. a. (461). That which will be hereafter, to come. Future, fCi'tsh^ire. s. Time to come. Futurely, fCi'tshdre-li. ad. In tim^ to come. FuTURiTroN, fu-tshJi-rlsh'An. s. The state of being to be. Futurity, fiCi-t^'r^-t^. s. Time to come ; events to come ; the state of being to be, fiiturition.— See Fortuitous. X7 Tlie reason vrhjjutttre has the Mispirat- ed, Bikd futurity preserves that letter pure» is, that the accent is before the t in the former word, and aHer it in the latter (463). To Fuzz. fiAz. V. n. To fly out in small particles. FuzzBALL, f&z1)MI. s. A kind of fun- gus, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters dust in tlie eyeS). Fy, fl. inter]. G. GAG — a6, m6ve, ndr, n6t ;— t^be, tAb, GABARDINE, gab-dr-d^in'. s. A coiffBe fipock. To Gabble, gto^bl. v. n. (405). To make an inarticulate noise ; to prate loudly without meaning. Gabble, gdb1)l. s. Inarticulate noise like that of brute animals ; loud talk with- out meaning. Gabbler, gdb1)l-Ar. 8. A prater, a chattering fellow. Gabel, g&l)^l. s. An excise, a tax. Gabion, g^'b^-dn. s. (507). A wicker basket which is filled with earth to make a fortification or intrencbment Gable, gA'bl. s. (405). Th6 sloping roof of a building. Gad, gad. s. A wedge or ingot of steel ; a steel or graver. To Gab, gid. v. n. To ramble about itnthout any settled purpose. Gadder, gid'dftr. s. A rambler, one that runs much abroad without business. Gaddimoly, g&d'ding-l^. ad. In a rambling manner. Gadfly, g4d'fli. s. A fly that, when be stxnes the cattle, makes them gad or run madly about Gaff, gdf. s. A harpoon or large hook. Gaffer, g^fiiir. s. (98). A word of respect, now obsolete. Gaffles, gifffe. 8.' (405). Artificial spurs upon cocks ; a steel contrivance to btnd cross-bows. To Gag, gi^. v. n. To stop ^e mouth. ^A<^9 g%- 8* Something put into the mouth to. hinder speech or eating. Gage, gidje. s. A pledge, a pawn, a eaiitioR. G A I bill ;— ill ;-^p&tod ;— Min, this. To Gage, g^djge. v. a. To depone as a wager, to impawn ; to measure, to taka the contents or any vessel of liquids. Gaggle, g^g'gl. v. n. (405). To make a noise like a goose. Gaiety, gi'i-td. Sw^See Gayety. Gaily, g&'l^. ad. Airily, cheerfully i splendidly, pompously. Gain, g4ne. s. (73) (203). Profit, ad- vantage ; interest, lucrative views ; over- plus in a comparative computation. To Gain, g&ne. v. a. To obtain as profit or advantage ; to have the overplus in comparative computation ; to obtain, to procure ; to win ; to draw into any interest or party ; to reach, to attain ; to gain over, to draw to another party or interest To Gain, gine. v. n. To encroach, to come forward by degress ; to get round, to prevail against { to obtain influence with. Gai ner, g&ne^i!^r. s. One who receives profit or advantage. Gainful, g^ne'fi^l. a. Advantageous, profitable ; lucrative, productive of mo- ney. Gainfully, gAne'f61-jft. ad. Profitably, advantageously* GAiNFULii£S8,gine'fU-n^s. s. Lucra- tiveness. Gaingiving, g&ne'glv-lng. s. The same as misgiving, a giving against Gainless, gAne^^s. a. Unprofitable. Gainlessness, g&ne'lds-n^s. s. .Un- profitableness. Gainlt, gAne'l^. arf. Handily, rea- dily. To Gainsay, gAne-si'. v. a. To con- tradict, to oppose, to controvert vnth'.'' Gainsayer, g4ne-4&'dr. s. Opponi^ adversary. . GAR 49a GAS (15» (559)— FAte, expectation; to sture ¥dth wonder; to stare irreverently. IC7* The irregularity in the pronunciation of this word seems to arise from the greater similitude of the Italian a to the action signifi^^an of the slender Eng- lish a. — See W ^ul. Fierce^ &c Gaper, gi'pfiV s. (98). One who o^ens his mouth ; one who stares fool- ishly ; one who longs or craves. Garb, glirb. s. Dress, clothes ; exte- riour appearance. Garbage, gAr'bldje- s. (00). The bowels, ^e oiTal. Garbel, gir^bll. s. (99). A plank nest the keel of a ship. Garbidge, gftr^bldje. s. (90). Cor- rupted itom Garb AC B. To Garble, g&r1)l. V. n. (405). To ^ifli to part, to separate the good from the bad. Garblf.r, girl)l-Ar. s. He who aepa- rates one part from anotlier. Garboil, g^r'b6il. s. Disorder, tu- mult, uproar. Garo, gard. s. Wardship, custody. ' Garden, gir'd'n. s. (92) (103). A piece of ground inclosed and cultivated, planted with lierbs or fruits ; a place par- ticularly fruitful orrdelightfid : Garden is often used in composition, belonging to a garden. ICT* When the a in this and similar words is preceded by G or AT, polite speakers interpose a sound like the consonant y which coalesces with both, and gives a mellowness to the sound : thus a Garden pronounced in this manner is nearly si- milar to tlie two words Egg^ and Ytirden united into eggyardeti, and a Guetrd is al- most like eggyard. — Sec Guard. Garden-ware, gir'd'n-wire. s. The produce of gardens. Gardener, g4r'd*n-Ar. s. He that at- tends or cidtivates gardens, Gardening, g&r'd'n-ing. s. The act of cultivating or planning gardens. Gargarism, g^r'ga-rizra. s. A liquid form of medicine to wash the mouth with. To Gargarize, g&r'gil.rize. v. a. To wash the mouth with medicated liquors. To Gargle, g&r'gl. v. a. (405). To wash the throat with some liquor not suf- fered immediately to descend ; to war- ble, to play in tlie tlux)at fir, fill, fit ;— 4n^, mit ;<— pfaie, pin ^— Gargle, gir'gl. s. A liquor iritli which the throat is washed. Garland, g&rOind. s. A wreath or branches of flo'^erls. Garlick, gir'llk. s. A plant. Garlickeatsr, gir'llk-^-t&r. s. A mean fellow. Garment, g&r^m^nt. s. Any thing bj which the body is covered. Garner, gir'niir. s. A place in which tlireshed com is stored up. To Garner, g&r'n^ir. v. a. To store as in giuners. Garnet, gir^n^t. s. A g^m. To Garnish, g&r^lsh. v. a. To de- corate with ornamental a^^endages ; to embellisli a dish with something laid round it ; to fit with fetters. Garnish, gir'nlsh. s. Ornament, de- coration, embellishment ; things strewed round a dish ; in g^ls, fetters. Garnishment, gir'nlsh-m^nt. s. Or* nament, embellishment. ^ GARNiTURE,g4r'n^-tiire.s. Furniture^ ornament. G A ROUS, gi'rfls. a. Resembling Uie pickle made of fish. Garran, g&r'rAn. s. (81), A small horse, a bobby, a wretched hone. Garret, g4r'rfit. s. (81). A room on the highest floor of the house. Garretteeb, g4r-r^t-t6^r'. s. Anin* habitant of a garret Garrison, g£*'r£.s'n. s. (170). Sol- diers placed in a fortified town or castle to defend it ; fortified place stored vdtSi soldiei^s. To Garrison, g4r'r6-8*n. v. a. To se- cmre by soldiers. Garrulity, gdp«-ru1^-ti. 8. Inconti- nence of tongue ; talkativeness. Garrulous, gAr^rA IAs. a. Prattling, talkative. Garter, gAr'tflr. s. (98). A string or ribbstnd by which the stockix^ is held upon the leg ; the mark of the or- der of the g^arter, the highest otder of English knigfadiood; tlie principal king alarms. To Garter, gir'tftr. v. a. To bind with a garter. Garth, properly Girth, s. The bulk of th'e body measured by the girdle. Gas, g&s. s. A ^rit not capable df being coagulated. G AU 491 G A Z GA8COVAOE9 gd8-k6«iiAde'. s. A boast, a bravado. To GasB) gash. v. a. To cut deep, so as to make a gaping wotind. Gash, gAsh. s. A deep and wide wound ; the mark of a wound. Gaskins, gds^lnz. s. Wide hose, wide breechea. To Gasp, g^sp. v. n. To open the mouth wide to catch breath ( to emit breath by opening tlie mouth convulsive- ly ; to long for. yy The a in this word has aometimea, and not improperiy, the same sound as in Gapet and lor (he same reason. — See Gape. Gasp, g^p- s. The act of opening the mouth to catch breath ; the short catch of the breath in the hist agonies. To Gast, gist. T.a. To make aghast, to fright, to shock. - Gastrick, gis'trik. a. Belonging to the belly. Gastrotohy, g4s-tr6t'6-m6. (518). 8. The aet of cutUng open tlic belly. Gat, git. The preterit of Get. Ob- solete. Gate, gdte. s. The door of a city, a castle, palace, or large building ; a frame of timber upon hinges to pve a passage into inclosed grounds. Gateyeik, gite'vine. s. The Vena Portx ; the great vein wliich conveys the blood to the liver. Gateway, gdte'wi. s. A way through gates of inclosed grounds. To Gather, giTH'i&r. v. a. To col- lect, to biing into one place ; to pick up, to glean, to pluck ; to crop ; to assemble ; tS> heap up, to accumulate ; to collect cha- ritable contributions ; to bring into one body or interest ; to pucker needle work. To Gather, glTH'^r. v. n. To be con- densed ; to grow larger by the accretion of similar matter; to assemble ; to gene- rate pus or matter. Gather, gdTH'flr. s. (98). Pucker, cloth drawn together in wrinkles. Gatherer, gATH'{^-ri[kr« s. One that gathers, a cdOiectori (me that gets in a crop of any kind. Gathering, gaTa'Ar-lng. s. Collec- . tion of charitable contributions^ Gaude, g&wd. s. An ornaxnent, a fine thing. ToGavde, g&wd. Y.n. To exult, to rejoice at any thing. btdl ;— ^11 ;— 4>Maul >— r Ain, this. G AUDXRT, giw'dir-i. s. Finery, osten- tatious luxury of dresa. GAuniLY, giLwMA-l^. ad. Showily. Gaudinbss, giw'dd-n^s. s. Showi- ness, tinsel appearance. GAUnv, gliw'di. a. (213). Showy, splendid, ostentatiously fine. Gaudy, giw'd^. s. A feast, afestiral. Gave, give. The preterit of Give* Gavel, g&v'il. s. (166). A provincial word for ground. Gavelkind, g&vlUkhul. s. In law, a custom whereby tlie lands of the father are equally divided at his death a^iong all his sons. To Gauge, gidje. v. a. (217). To measure with respect to the contents of a vessel; to measure vdth regard to aily proportion. Gau9E, g^dje. s. A measure, a stand* ard. Gauger, gi'jAr. s. One whose busi- ness is to measure vessels or quantities. Gaunt, gint. a. (214). Thin, slender, lean, meagre. Gauntly, g^nt'16. ad. Leanly, slen- derly, meagcfly. Gauntlet, gint'ldt. s. An iron glove used for defence, and thrown down in challenges. Gauze, giwz. s. A kind of thin trans* parent silk. Gawk, g^wk. s. (219). A cuckow, a foolish fcUow. Gauntree, gin'tr^^. s. (214). A wooden frame on which beer casks arc set when tunned. Gay, v^u. a. (220). Airy, cheerful, mer- ry, frollcksome ; fine, showy. Gayety, gi'i-t6. s. Cheerfulness, airiness, merriment ; acts of juvenile plea* sure ; finery, show. Gayly, gi'16. ad. Merrily, clicerfully, showily. Gayness, gi'nds, s. Gayety, finery. To Gaze, gize. v. n. To look intently and earnestly, to look witli eagerness. Gaze, g&ze. s. Intent regard, look of eagerness or wonder, fixed look ; the object gazed on. t Gazer, g4'zi!ir. s. He tliat gazei, one that lo(^s ^tently witli cageniess or ad- miration. GEL 498 GEN (tT* (559) ^FAte, f&r, fUl, UXr-'mtj mits-^lnet ph} Gaz£FUl» gdze'fiU. a. Looking in- tently. GA.z£HOUND)g&ze'h6&nd.8. Abound that pursues not by the scent, but by the eye. Gazette, gd-z^t'. s. Apaper of nevs, a paper of public intelUgence. Gazetteer, gdz-^t-ti^r'. s. A writer of news. GAziNGST0CK,gd'zlng-st6k. s. Aper- son gazed at with scorn or abhon*cnce. Gazon, giz-4dn'. s.^-^ee Encore. In fortification, pieces of fresh earth co- vercd with grass, cut in form of a wedge, Gear, gi^r. s. (560). Furniture, ac- couti-ements, dress, habit, ornaments ; the traces by which horses or oxen draw s stuff. Geck, gek. 8. (381). One eaaiiy im- posed iiix>n ; a babble, JCIT* This word, like several other old £nglish words, is presented among the lower order of people in Ireland, though totally obsolete in England. Gelse, g^^se, s. (560). The plural of Goose. Gel \ble, j^l'd-bl. a. What may be ro'igealed. |CI7* I have diff(&red from Mr. Sheridan in tlie Quantity of the first syllabic of this word, not so much from the short f in the Latin gtlabilU^ whence it is derived, as from the analogy of English pronuncia- tion. The antepenultimate accent gene- rally shortens every vowel but t/, imless followed by adiphthong.>«-See Principles, No. 503, 535, 536. • Gelatine, jel'i^ine. (149) Gelatinous, jWitln-As. Formed into a jelly. To Geld, g^ld. v. a. Preter. Gelded or Gelt; Part. paas. Gelded or Gelt To castrate, to deprive of tlie power of gpene- ration ; to deprive of any essential part (560). Geloer, g^ld'dr. 8. One that per- forms the act of castration. Gelder-rose, g^l'd{br-r6ze. s. A plant Geldino, girding, s. (560). Any animal castrated, particularly a horse. Gklid, jsrid. a. Extremely cold. Gklidity, j64id'^-t*. »• Extreme Gelidness, jdl'id-n^s. s. Extreme cold. Gellv, yhVX^* s. Any viscous body, viscidity, glue, gluey substaJ\ce. - Gelt, gilt. Part. pass, of Geld. G em, jim. 8. A jewel, a precious stone of whatever kind ; the firvt bud. To Gem, jim. v. a. To adorn as with jewels or buds. To Gem, jdm. v. n. To put forth the first buds. G£MELLiPAROus,j^m-mdHlp'p&prAs. a (518). Bearing twins. ToGEMiNAT£,jlm^m£-nAte. v.a< (91). To double. Gemination, v§m-mi«ni'shdn. s. Re- petition, reduplication. Ge M I N Y, jem'mc-n6. s. Twins, a pair, a brace. Geminous, j^m'm^-ni&s. a. Double. Gemmae, j6m'm&r. a. Pertaining- to gems or jewels. Gemmsous, jem'me-i!is. a. Tending to gems ; resembling gams. Gender, j^Mdr. s. A kind, a sort, a sex ; a distinction of nouns in grammar. To Gender, jAnMir. v. a. To beget; to produce, to cause. To Gender, j^n'diir. v. n. To copu- late, to breed. * Genealooic AL,j6-n6-4-16dje'^-kAl. a. Pertaining to descents or families. Genealogist, j^-n6-4l'6-glst s. He who traces descents. Genealogy, j^-n6-4l'6-j^. s. (518). History of the succession .of families. 1^7* Common speakers, and those not of the lower order, are apt to pronounce tliis word as if written Geneoiogyi but those who arc ever so little attentive to propriety, preserve the a in its fourth sound. • • Gemerable, j^n^^r44>l. a. Thatznay be produced or begotten. GEN£RAL,j^n'^r-ti«a. (88). Compre* bending many species or individuahi, not special ; lax in si«ufie«tion» not restrain- ed to any special or particular iropcnrt ; not restrained by narro.w or distinctive limitations ; relating to a whole class or body of men; pubfick, comprising the whole ; extensive, though not unhrersal ; common, usual. General, j^n'dr-&l. s. The whole, the totality \ the puUick, the interest of the whole ; the vulgar ; one that has the com- mand over an army. Generalissimo, jdn-^r-ftl-is'^-md. s.. The suprem* comouader. QB?f 0^^ GEM — Tiir miVe, n*r, ii&t;prrtAbe) tAb, bill ;— 6a ;^p6(ind ;^«Am, this. G^KEitALiTY, iin-^r-&l'^-t6. s. The K?* For the ^, see Hetjejiooeneous. state of being general ; the main body, GENETHLiACKs,j^-n^ryi^4k8.s. The the bulk- .. ,, 4, A J T • ««»«ncc of calculating nativities, or pee- Geker ALLY, j^n'dr-aL-^. ad. In gene- 4icting the future events of Ufe, from the ral, without specification or exception ; stars predominant at the birtJi. extensively, though not universally; com- Gf kethliatick, i^-n^/A'l^r&t'lk s »only, frequenUy, in the mam, without ^^ ^^^ caJcuUtes iativities. ' ' minute detail. - ^ ^^ *««;•. CENERALNEss,j^n'^r-4l.n^s.s. Wide Geneva, j^-n^'vi. «. A distilled extent, tfiough short of universaUty ; fre- spintuous water. Genial, j^'n^.5j. a. That which con- S. The j tribute? to propagation ;.that which gives j cheerfulness, or supports life; natural. The beget-! '^^''*- J Genially, ji'ni^l-IA. ad. By genius, V. a. To n*t"rally ; gayly, checrfiiUy. beget, to propagate; to cause, to pro- Gen^culated, j^-nik'iu-14«t^. a duce. Knotted, jointed. Penkration, jdn-^r-A'shfin. s. The Geniculation, jA-nik-iiplA'shin. s. act ofbegetting or producing; a family, Knottiness. ^ a race ; a progeny, offspring ; a singjie GFvrn \h*r>hJ>. „ a r succession, an tge. '^ j ^f.^^'^, j6 nfinft. ^ A man of a par- ^ * ^ /i . . , . . t^cular turn of mind. Generative, jin'^r-A-tlv. a. (512). Pp-vt^atc •'^/A.iii .««x « Having the power of propaption, proli- ^te,onJ^"^^ 1"^' ** ^^^^' ^^^ fick ; having the power of production, I ^ '^^^"&»P^ ^ generation. jGenitinc, j^n'n6-tln. s. apple gathered in June. quency, comnuLonness. Generalty, jSn'^r-ilrt^ whole, the greater part- Generamt^ j^'^r-ant« s ting or productive power. To Generate, jdn'^r-ite An early frmtfiil. Generator, j^n'dr-i-tilr. s. (166)! (521). The povirer which begets, causes, Genitive, j^^A.tlv. a. In grammar, h or j>«Kluces Generical, j^.-nir'i-kdL jSenerick^ j^rn^r'rlk. (509) That which comprehends the genus, or distinguishes from another genus. Generic ALLY, ji-n^r'^-kal-i. ad. With regrardtothe genus, though not the species. ' ' Generosity, jSn-5r-6s'6:t6. s. The quaUty of being g^neroUs, magnanimity, fiberaJity. ' • Qenerous, j^'^hSs. ^ (aU). Not of mean birth^ of good e:|lraction ; noble of mind, n^a^nanifnoiis ; open of heai;^ liberal, munificent ; strong, vigoroua. Generously, vj^n'^r-ds-W. ad. Not meanly with rentfd to birth : magnani- mbusly, nobly ; hberally, mumficenUy. GENERpU9NEss,ji5n'6r-^9-ne8. s* The quality of being generous. Genesis, jto'irsis. s. Generation, the £rst book of Moses, which treats of the production of the world. Genet, j^n'nlt. 9.(99). AamallweU- proportioned Spanish horae. Genethliacal, j^n-^/A-lKa-k^, a. Pertaining to nativities as calculated by * astrologers. ^ the name of a case. CeWius, j/j'n^^s. 8. The protecting or ruling power of men, places, or thmgj; a roan endowed with smperior racullics ; mental power or faculties ; dis- P^lVi^ ^ °*^'« by which any one is quahfied for some peculiar emrfoyment • nature, disposition. ■ ' ^ r • GEiiTEEL,jto-t6^1^a. Polite, elegant m behaviour, civil ; graceful in mien. GpNTEELLY,j^n^i6m. ad. Elegant- ly, poHtely J gracefuUy, handsomely. Genteelness, j^n-td^l'n^s. s. Elcr pmce graceflilness, politeness; quali- ties befitung a man of rank. ^ Gentian, j^n'shdn. s. Felwort or baldmoney. Gentianella, j^n-shdn-^nd. s. A kind of blue colour. G^tile, j^n'tU, or j^n'tUe. s. One pfan uficovenantednatioD, one whoknowa not the true God. ' "^"^^ ^o^'\>^%?;™T''^!,''^ Pronunciation, .No. 140, I thought Mr. Sheridan wron^ m marking the i in tliis word lon^. be- cause It 18 contrary to analogy , but have amce bad occasion to observe, that this piwiUBciation is most agreeable to irenc. ral usage. * 2Z ' GEN CiEO 87- (559).— Fite, fir, ftll, »!;—»«> mtt;— fita*, fiu "} Gestilism, jto'tiWzm. s. Heathen ism, paganisni. , . ^ . t? Gentilitious, j^n-til-li«b'as. a. bn- d«mial, peculiar to a nation ; hereditary, entailed on a family. Gentility, j^n-tli'^-t^. s. Good ex- traction ; elegance of behaviour, grace fblness df mien ; gentry, the class o£ persons well bom j pa^^anism, heathen ism. ^ ^ ^ .- , GENTtE, j^n'd: a. (405). Soft, mild, tame, peaceable ; sootMng, pacifick, Gentlefolk, j6n'tl-f6ke. s. Persons distinguished by. their birth from th^ vul gar.— See Folk. Gentleman, jfin'tl-iti3ji. s. (88). A man of birth, a man of extraction, though not noble ; a man raised abmc the vulgar bv his character or post; a tenn of com- plaisance ; the servant that waits about &ie person of a man of rank ; it is used of any man howex'er higlL ^ Gentlemanlike, j^n'tl-niuii- Mke. ^ a. Gentlemanly, j^n'tl-m&n.l6. - Becoming a man of birth. Gentla.ness, j^n^tl-n^s. s. Softness of manners, sweetness of disposition- meekness. -Gentleshjp, jta'tl-ihip. a. Carriage of a gentleman. Gentlewoman, j6n'tl-wUm-ttn. s. A wpman of birth aboTC the vul^r, a wo- • xi&i well descended ; a woman who waits mbout the person of one of high rank ; a ■word of civility or irony. Gently, j^n'tl^. ad. Softly, m^kly, tenderly ; softly, without violence. GENTRY, j^n'tr^. 3. Class of people above tlie vulgar ; a term of civility, real or ironical. , „„ / , a Genuflection, jc-ntt-fiek'shtin. s The act of bending the knee ; adoration, .expressed by bending the knee. GetjuiKE, j^i'd-in. a. (150). Not spurious. Genuinely j6n'6-ln-14. ad. Without adulteration, without foreign admixture, naturally. Genuineness, j^n'^-k-n^s. s. Free- ^ dom from any thing counterfeit, freedom from adulteration, Gbnus^ ji'n^s. s. In science, a class of hclng comprehending under it many species, as Quadruped is a Genus com- prehending under it aUnost lOl tcrrcstri^ Geocentaick, ]^-^Hftin^ik. a. Ap' plied to a planet or orb htfHng the earth for its centre, or the aMne centre with the earth. Geodjesia, j^-d^'zAi^-l. 8. (452). That part or geometry which contains the doctrine or pait. of measuring sur- faces, and finding the contents of all ;4ane figures. GEODiETiCAL, j^-Wdt'^-'kAl. 8. Re- lating to tlic art of measuring surfaces. Geographer, j*-6g'gr4-4^rw s. (116) (257). One who describes the earth according to the position of it9,diffeit;nt parts. Geographical, j^-6-graf'e-kal. a. Relating to geography. Geographically, j^-i-graf^-kal-fi. ad. In a geographical manner. Geography, j6-6g'gr4-f£. s. (116) (257). Knowlcd^ of the eartb. GeolocYj je-6l'6-j6. s. The doctrine of the earth. Geomancer, je'o-man-sir. s. A for- tuneteller, a caster of figures. • 'GEOMANCY,j6'6-m&n-&6. s.(5l9). The act of foretelUng bv figures. Geomantick, j6-o-man'tik. a. Per- taining to tlie art of casting figures. Geometer, j^-6m'^-:t^. s. One skil- led in geometry, a geometrician. Geometral, j^-6in'6-tral. a. Pertain- ing to geometry. Geometrical, j6-6-ni5t'tre-lUl. > ^ Geometrick, jd-A-m^t'trik. S Pertaining to geometry; prescribed or laid down, by geometry ; disposed accord- ing to geometrj'. Geometrically, ^ jt;-6-in6t'tr^-kil^. ad. According to the laws of geometry. Geometrician, j6-6m-^-trish'fe. s. One skilled in geoqpetry. To Geometrize, j^-om'i-trize. V. n. To act according to the laws of g^ome- tr>'. Geometry, ji-6m'tti^-tr&. s. (116) (257) (518), The sdencc of quantity, extension, or magnitude, abstractedly considered. Geoponical, ji-o-p&n'A-kal. a. Re* lating to agricultux:e. Geoponicks, jd-d-pAnlks. s. Jhe science of cultivating the ground, the doctrine of sgriculiucc. George, jArje. s. A figure of St. Oeorge on hor?cbai?k, worn by the knights oCthe garter ; a brown Jotf e IT 49« QIB Gborgick, jir'jik. e. (HO). Some pott of the science of hufibwuiiy put into % pleasin^^ dress, mid set off with all the beauties and embeUUhments of poetry.— Sec Construe. GftORGicK, j^^r'jlk. a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture. GEOTicK,ji-6t'ik-a. (509). Belonging to the earth. Gbrent, ji'rdnt. a. Carrying, bear- ing. German, jfir'm^. s. (88). A first cou- sin. German, j&r'ni&n. a. Related. Gehmandeb, ^ir-mAn'd&r. s. A plant* Germ, jirm. s. A sprout or shoot. Germin, j^r-mln. s. A shooting or sprouting' seed. To Germinate, jdr'mi-nAte. v. n. To sprout, to shoot» to bud^ to put forth. Germination, jfir-m^-ni'shdn. s. The act * of sprouting or shooting ; gro-wth. Gerund, j^r'find. ». In the Latin grammar, a tiftd of verbal noun, wliich governs cases like a verb. Gebt, j^st. s, A deed, an action, an achievement ; show, representation ; the roll or journal of the several days, and stages prefixed, in the progresses of kings. Gestation, j^s-ti'shi\n. s. The act of bearing the young in the womb. To Gesticulate, j^s-tik'Wite. v. n. To play antick tricks, to show postures. Gesticulation, j^s-tik-i'i-M'shiln. s. Antick tricks, various postures. Gesture, jfe'tsh^tie. s. (461). Action or posture expressive of sentiment ; move-, .ment of the bod;f. ToGfeT, g^t. V. a. (381). Pret. I dot, anei^ntly Gat; Part. pass. Got or Gotten. To procure, to obtam j to» beget upon a female ; to gain aj>rofit ; |o earn, to gain by labour ; to receiw.as aprice or re ward ; to procure, to»be j to prevail on, to in- duce ; to get off, to scU or dbpbse of by some expedient. To Get, g^t. v.n. (560). To arrive at any state orpostui-e by degrees with some 'kind of labour j effort, or difiiculty ; to ftnd the way to ; to move ; to remove to ; to iuive recourse to ; to go, to repair to ; to be a gainer ; to receive advantage by ; to get off, to escape ; tg get over, to pass b(ill;— -AM;— pAtod; Min, this. without being stopped; to get up, to raise from repose, to rise from a scat ; ifi get in, to enter. Getter, g^t'tfir. s. One who pro- cures or obtains ; one who begets on a female. Getting, get'tbig. s. Act of getting, acquisition ; gain, profit. Gewgaw, gu'g^w. s. (^81). A Showy trifle, a toy, a bauble. Gewgaw, giVgiiw. a. Splendidly tri« fling, showy without value. Ghastful, glst'fftl. a. (390). Drea^ ry, dismal, melancholy, fit for walking ^ spirits. Ghastliness, gdst^d'nds. s. Horrour of countenance, resemblance of a ghosl^ paleness. Oh astlt, gist'l*. a. Like a ghost, bar- ing hjoitour in the countenance s horrible, shocking, dreadful. Qhastness, g&st^u£s. s. GhastUness, horrour of look. GherkiH, g^r'kb. s. A pickled cu-^ . cumber. Ghost, g6st. s. (390). The soul of a m^ ; ft spirit appearing after death ; To give Up the gliost, to die, to yield up the ' spirit into the hands of God ; the third person in the adorable Trinity, called thct Holy Gbo^L Ghostliness, gAst1d-n*8. s. Spiritoaf tendency, quality of having reierenco chiefly to the soul. Ghostly, gost'W. a. Spiritual, re- lating to tlie soul, not cai-nal, not secu- lar; inving a character from religion, Bpiriiuui. Giant, ji'^nt. s. A man of size above the ordinary ftite of men, a man unnatu* rally large. . GiANTii^fiSi ji'4n-t^s. s. A she gV- -ant. ^ ^ Giantlike, ii'dnt^ike. GiANTLY, ji'unt-16. tick, vast. GiANTSHiF, ji'4nt-ship. s. Quality or character ofa giant. GiBBE, gib. s. (382). Any old wornout animal. '> a. Gigan- To Gibber, gibOiiir. v. n. (382). To apeak inarticulately. GiBBERisH,gib'b^r-ish.s.(38^).Caa*, the private language of rogufis ajQbd gip« sies, words without meaning. GIF 496 GIK ST (559).— .F4tc, ar, fUl, fit ;-.m^, mdt >— pine, pin ;— - Gibbet, jlb1)k. s. A gallows, the post on which malefactors are hanged, or on whjcti tlieir carcasses are exposed ; any transverse beam. To Gibbet, jib'bh. v. a. To hang or expose on a gibbet ; to hang on any thing going transverse. Gibbosity, gib-b6s'M^. s. Convexity, prominence, protuberance. Gibbous, gib'biis. a. (382). Convex, ^ . protuberant, swelling into inequalities ; crooked-backed. GiBdougN£S8,gib^tis-nSs. s. Convex- ity, prominence. GiBc AT,glb'kit. s. (382). An old worn- out cat. To Gib K, jibe* v. n. To sneer, to join ccnsonousness with contempt. T^ Gibe, jibe. v. a. To scoff, to ri- dicule, to treat with scorn, to sneer, to taunt. Gibe, jibe. s. Sneer, hint of contempt by word or looks, scofT. GiBEii, ji'b^r. s. A sneerer, a scoffer, a tauuter. Gibinglt, ji'blng-l^. ad. Scornfully, contemptuously.' Giblets, jlb^l^ts. s. The parts of a iroose wliich are cut off before it Is roast- ed. Giddily, gld'd^-l*. ad. With the head flceming to turn round; incon- •tantly, unsteadily ; carelessly, heedless< ly, genUy. Giddiness, gld'd6*nds. s* The state of being giddy ; inconstancy, unsteadi- ness ; quick rotation, inability to keep its place. Giddy, gld'd^, a. (382)(560)."Having in the head a whir^ or sensation of circu- lar motion ; whirling ; inConsUait, unstea- dy, changeful ; heedless, thoughtless, un< cautious ; intoxicated. Giddybrained, gld^dd-brAn'd. a Carelesi, thoughtless. Giddy HEADED, gld'd^-h6d-^d. a. .Without steadiness or constancy. Giddy PACED, gid'dd-pdste. a. Moving without reg^arity. GiEH-EAGLE, jir'&-g|. s. (405). An eagle of a particular kind. Gift, gift, s* (383). A thing given or bestowed; the act -of giviitg; offering; power, faculty. Gifted, gifted, a. Given, bestow- ed; endowed with extraordin&ry porw- «rs. Gig, gig. (383). Any thing that ii whirled round in play. GiOAWTiCK, gi-giri'tlk. a. (217), Stdtable to a giaat, big, butty, enor- mous. To Giggle, glg'gl. v. n. (383). To laugh i^y, to titter. GiOGLER, glg^'gl-ib*. Si A laugher, a titterer. GfGLET, gVgl-lt; properly Gigglet. A wanton,, a lascivious girl. — See Co- DLE. ' GiGOT, jlg'CLt. s. The hip joint. To Gild, gUd. v. a. (382). Pret. Gild- ed or gilt To wash over with gold ; to adorn with lustre { to brighten, to illumi- nate,—See GviLT. Gilder, gU'dCkr. s. One who lays gold on the surface of any other body ; a coin irom one sliiUing and six-pence to two shillings sterling. Gilding, gU'dlng. s. Gold laid on any surface by way of ornament. Gills, gllz. s. (382). The aperture at each aide of the fish's head ; the flaps that hang below the beak of a fowl; the flesh under the chin. Gill, jH. s. A measure of liquids containing the fourth part of a pint ; the appeUatioit of a woman in ludicrous language ; the name of a plant, ground- ivy ; malt liquor, medicated with ground- ivy. GiLLHOusE, jil'hddse. s. A house where gill is sold. Gillyflower, jUl£-fl6(lr. s. Corrupt* ed from Julyflowcr. Gilt, gilt. s. (382). Golden show, gold laid on the surface of any mat- ter. Gilt, gilt. (560). The participle of Gild — which tee. GiM, jlm. a. Neat, spruce. An old word. CiMCRACK, Jlm'kr4k« 8. A slight or trivial mechanism* Gimlet, glm'lit. s. (382). A borer with a screw at its point. Gimp, gimp. s. (38^). A kind of silk twist or lace. Gin, jln* s. A trap, a snare ; a puinp worked by saiU ; the s^urit drawn by dis- tillation from juniper berries. GiiTGER, jinj(!tr. s. An Indian plant; the root of th;;t plant. 6 IK 4Sf Ol V •-n^ mdve^ n6r, nit ;««-4Aibe9 tftb, CtNoERBREAD,jin'jAr-brM.B. Akind of sweetmeat made of dough and flavour- ed with ginger. 'Gingerly, jin'jilkr-l^* ad. Cautioi^ly) mcely. dKGERNEss,jln^dr-n68.s. Nicencss, tenderness. CivGiYAL, jin'jd-Ydl. a. Belong^g to the gums. | To GiwGLE, jing'gl. V. n. (405). To utter a sharp clattering noise ; to make an affected sound in periods or cadence. To GiKGL^, j^S'gl- ^' ^* "^^ shake 80 that a sharp shrill clattering noise, should be made. ' | CiNt^LE, jlng'gl. s. A shrill resound- 1 ing noise ; i^ectaUon in the sound of pc- , riods. GzNGLYMoiJ), glng'gl^-mAid. a. Re- sembling a gingl^'musy approacliing to a ginglymus. GiNGLYMvs, gin{^gl£-inAs. s. A mutual indenting of two bones into each other's cavity, of which the elbow is an instance. GiKMET, jUi'ndt. s. A nag, a#nule, a degenerated breed. Ginseng, jin's£ng. s. A Chinese root brouglit Utely-jnto Europe ; it is cordial and restorative. Gipsy, jlp^s^. s. (438). A vagabond whopretends'to tell fortunes ; areproach- iiil name for a dark complexion ; a name of slight reproach to a woman. GiRAsoLE, ji'rd-«6le. s. The herb turn- sol ; the opal stone. To Gird, g^rd. v. a. (383). Pret. Girded or Girt. To bind round ; to in- vest ; to cover round as with a garment ; to enclose, to encircle (560). JC7" We may obsen-e that the g in this and similar words has the same liquid sound as in those where it is followed by a and i long, and it may be accounted lor in the same manner (92) (160). The short e, which is the true sound of i in these* words, it has been frequently ob- served, is not really the short sound of that letter, but of « slender (fi6) ; and as r followed bjr another consonant has a tendency' to ingthen the t as it does the a (77) (81), we find the sairtc effect pro- duced ; tliat of .interposing tite sound of e nearly as if written e^^-yurd, &c. — See GUAKD. To Gird, g^rd. v. n. To break a scornful jest, to ^bc» to sneer. GiUDKK, ger'dih*. s. In architecture, the hu'gest piece of timber in ik Uoor. bAn ;'— ^B ;— p6{ind ;— ^/dn, this*. Girdle, gir'dl. s. (405). Anjr thing drawn round the waist, and tied or buck- led ; enclosiu^, circumtcrcnoc ; a bclt^ the zodiack, a zone. To Girdle, gir'dl. y. a. To gird, to - bind as with a girdle ; to inclose, to shut in, to environ. GiRDLEBELT,g^r'dl-b^lt. 8. Thcbdt that encircles the wkist. GiKDLER, g^r'dl-Qr. s. A makv of girdles. GiRE, jire. s. A circle described by any tiling in motion. Girl, gerl. s. (382). A young wo- man or child. Girlish, g^rl'llsh. a. Suiting a girl, youthful. Girlishly, gdr'lish-l*. ad. In a girl- ish manner. Girt, g^rt. (382). Part. pass, from to Gird.— See Gihd. To Girt, g^rt. v. a« To gird, to en- compass, to encircle. Girth, g^rth. s. (382). The band by which the saddle or burden is fixed upon the horse ; the compass measured by the girdle. To Girth, g^rM. v. a. To bind with a girth. To Give, glv. v. a* (157) (382). Preter. Give, Part. pass. Given. To be- stow, to confer without any price or-K- ward ; to pay as a price or reward, or in exchange ; to grant ; to allow i to yield without resistance ; to permit, to com- mission ; to exhibit, to express ; to exhi- bit as the product of a calculation ; to ex- hibit ; to addict, to apply ; to resign, to yield up ; to ^ve way, to alienate from one's self J to give back, to return, to Re- store ; to g^ve the hand, to yield pre -crai-' nence, as being suboi*dinate or inferior ; to give over, to leave, to quit, to cease, to addict, to attach, to conclude lost* to abandon; to give out, to proclaim, to publish, to utter, to show in hdsc ap- pearance i to give up, to resign, to quit, to yield, to abandon, to deliver. To Give, giv. v. n. To grow moist, to melt or soften, to tliaw ; to move ; t(i give in, to go back, to give way ; to give in- to, to adopt, to embrace ; to give ofi*, to cease, to ibrbear ; to give over, to uct no- more ; to give out, to publish, to [iro- . claim, to yield; to give wu), to muke room for. Giver, giv'ilr. s. . One that jjives, bc- stower, distributor, grantor. GL A 49» GLA jtT* (559).-*.Fite,(lr, OH, fit ;-— m^, nat;-^pine» i^;~ Gizzard, glz'ztlrd. s. ($8) (382). The strofig* muBCulous stomach of a fowl. Glabritt, gldbV^-t6. B. SmoethneBS, baldness. Icy, Glacial, gli'sh^4l. a. (113), made of ice, frozen. To Glaciate, gli'sh^-ite. v. n. To tckm into ice. Glaciation, gU-^^-&'sh(in. s. The act of turning into ice, ice formed. Glacis, gl^'sla, or gld-s^ze'. i. (112), In fortification, a sloping bank. tO^ Dr. Johnson, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Dr. Ash, Dr. Ken- rick, Mr. Barclay, and Bailey, place the accent on the first syllable of this word ; and Mr. Nares and Entick only on the second. Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Soott give the a the sound it has in giaze, and Dr. Kenrick gives it the sound of a in giau. The great majority of auffraf es for the accent on the first syllable, which is the most agreeable to the anidogy of our own language, are certainly sufR- cxent to keep a plain Englishman in comi- tenance for pronouncing the word in this ' manner ; but as it is a French w Glbby, ^'U. 3 Gledb, gl^de. s. A kite. Glee, gl^^. s. Joy, gayety, a kmd of song. GLEEFULf glAd'ftil. a. Merry, cheer- fill. Glebe, gl^^. s. Musick, or musi- cian. Gleet, gl^^t. s. A thin ichor running from a sore ; a venereal disease. To Gleet, gl^ct, v. n. To drip or ooze with a win saqious liquor ; to run alowy. Gleety, gl66't6. a. Ichory, thinly sa- nious. Glen, gl&i. s. A valley, a dale. Glew, gliSi. s. A viscous cement made by dissol^g the skins of animals in boil- ing water, and drying the jelly. Glib, glib, a. Smooth, slippery, so formed as to be easily moved ; spootfa, voluble. To Glib, gUb. v. a. To castrate. Glibly, glM^. ad. Smoothly, volu- bly. Glibness, glib'nds. s. Smoothness, slipperiness. To Glide, glide, v.d. To flow gently and silentiy ; to pass gently and without tumult; to move swmly and smoothly along. Glider, gli'd^. s. One that glides. Glieb, gUke. s. A sneer, a scoff. ToGlimmeb, glhQa'miir.v.n.Toshine fidntly; to be perceived imperfectly,, to appear faintly. Glimmer^ glim'mdr. s. Faint splen- dour, weak li^t; a kind of fossil. Glimpse, ^Umps. s. A weak faint light ; a qmck fisahing light ; transitory lustre ; short, fleeting enjoyment; a short tiwisitory view ; the exhibition of a faint resemblance. To Glisten, glisVn. (473). To shipc, to sparkle with light G L O SQO « La 47* (559),— FAte, ftr, flll^ fat;-.m*y in*t---pbe, pto;^ To shine. To Glister, glis't(ir. v. n to be bright.^ *Fo Glitter, gllt'tiir, v. n. To shine, to exhibit lustre, to gleam ^ to be spe cioiis, to be striking. Glitier, glh'tilr. s. Lustre, bright sho-vr. Glitteringlt, ^glit't^r-ing^*. ad. With shining lustre. To Glciar^ glAre. v. a. To squint, to look askew. ^ To Gloat, glote. v. n. To cast side- • glances as a timorous lover. GlobaTed, gl6'bA-t^d. a. Formed in shape of a globe, spherical, spheroidi- cal. Glope, '*l6be. s. A sphere, a ball, a Tpv.nA Hody, a body of which every part of the surface is at the same distance from the centre ; the terraqueous hall ; a sphere in which the various regions of the earth , are geographically depicted, or in which the constellations' are laid down accord- ing to their places in the sky. Globose, gl6-b6se'. a. ' Spherical, round. Globosity, gl6-b6s'c.t6. s. Spheri- calneas. GLOBous,gl6'b\is.a. (314). Spherical, round. Globular, gl6b'u-Ur.a.j;535).Round, spherical. "* Globule, gKib'6le. s. Such a small particle of matter ks is of a globular or Spherical figure, as the red particles of the blood. GL0BULous,gl6b'6-ms. a. In form of a small sphere, round. To Glomerate, gl6m'^r-4te. v.a. To gather into a ball or sphere. Glomeration, gl6m-^-4'shian. s. The act of forming into a ball or sphere ; a body formed into a ball. Glomerous, glom'Sr-ds. a. (314). Gathered into a l>all or 3pherc. Gloom, gl6dm. s. (306). Imperfect darkness, dismalness, obscurity, defect of light; cloudiness of aspect, heaviness of mind, sidlenness. To Gloom, giddm. v.n. To shine ob- sciu\jly, as the twilight; to be cloudy, to be dark ; to be melancholy, to be sul- len. Gloomily, glAdm'G-li. ad. Obscure- ly, dimly, without perfect light, dismally ; suddenly, witli ckmdy aspect, with dark intentions. Gloominess, ^66m'd-.nfs. s. Want of light, obscurity, imperfect light, diflmal- nssB i cloudiness of look. Gloomy, gl6dm'A. a. Obscure, imper- fectly illuminated, almost dark; dark of comple^on ; suUen, melancholy, cloudy of look, heavv of heart. Gloried, gli'rld. a. (282). Ulustriops, honourable. Glorification, gld'r^-ft-ki'shfin. s. The act of giving glory. To Glorify, gl6'r6.fi. v. a. (185). To procure honour or praise to one; to pay honour or praise in worship ; to praise, to honour, to extol ; to exalt to glory or dignity. Glorious, glo're-iis. a. (314). Noble, illustrious, exceUent Gloriously, gl6'r^-^s-W. ad. Nobly, splendidly, Ulustriowlyv Glory, gl6'r6. s. Prwse paid in adora- tion ; the felicity of heaven prepared for those that please God; honour, praise, fame, renown celebrity ; acircle of rayi which surrounds the heads of saints in pictok-es ; generous pride. To Glory, glA'r*. v. n. To boast in, to be proud of. To Glose, gloze. v. a. (437). To flat- ter, to collogue. Gloss, gl6s. s. (437). A scholium, a comment j an interpretation artfully spe. cious, a specious representation ; superl ficial lustre. To Gloss, glos. v. n. To comment, to make sly remarks. ' To GL09S, gl6s. V. a. To explain by qpmment; to palliate by specious expos! - tion or representation ; to embellish with superficial lustre. Glossary, gl6s'sa-r6. s, A dictionary of obscure or antiquat^ words. Glosser, gl6s'sdr. s. A scholiast, ^ commentator ; a polisher. Glossiness, glos's^-nfis. s. Smooth polish; Buperficiallustre. Glossoorapher, gl6s-s6g''gri-fiir. s. A scholiast, a commentator. • Glossooraphy, gl6s-s6g'gra.f^. s. (518). The wriUng of commentaries. G LV S0l GO mAve» dAti n&t ;-«4(ibe) tflb, Blosst, glfta's^i a. Shining^ smoothly pdisbed. Glottis, glAl'tls. ^. The head of the ' -wiiadi^pc, the apertore of the Urynx. Glove, gldv. s. (165). Cover of the hands. Glover, gl^v^{I^. s« One whose trade U to mike or sell gloves. To Glout, gld6t. V. n. (313). To pout, to loo)^ sullen. ToGL0W,gl&. v.n. (334). To be heat- ed so ts to shine without flame $ to burn with vehement heat ; to feel heat of body ; to exhibit a strong bright colour ; to feel passion of mind, or activity of fancy ; to rage or bum as a passion. To Glow, gl6. v. a. To make hot so as to shine. Glow, gl6, s. Shining heat, unusual warmth; vehemence of passion; bright- ness or vividness of colour. Glow-worm, gl6-wilrm, s. A small creeping insect with a luminous taiL To Gloze, gl6ze. v. n. To flatter, to wheedle, to fawn ; to co'mment. Gloze, gl6ze. s. Flattery, insinuation ; specious show, gloss. Glue, glA. s. A viscous body, com- monly made by boiling the skins of ani- mals to a geliv, a cement To Glue, glu. v. a. To join with a viscous cement ; to hold together ; to join, to unite, to inviscate. « G LUE Boi L ER, glu1>6il-dr. s.One whose trade is to make glue. Glue^, gl^'ftr. s. (98). One who ce- ments with glue. Glum, gl(km. a. Sullen, stubbornly grave. A low cant word. To Glut, gldt. v. a. To swallow, to devour ; to cloy, to fill beyond sufficiency ; to feast or delight even to satiety; to overfill, to load. , Glut, glCkt. s. That which is gorged or swallowed; plenty even to loathing and satiety; more than enough, over- much. Glutinous, glfi't^-nAs. a. Gluey, vis- eous^ tenacious. Glutinousness, gUi'ti-nAs-n^s. s. Viscosity, tenaci^. Gluttox, gldt't'n. s. (170). One who indulges tahnself too much in eating ; one eager of any thing to excess ; an animal remarkable for a vQracioii3 appetite. bftH;*-^!!;— pWnd;— ^Ain, this, tCT* Though the second ivUabie of thi* word suppresses the o, the compounds seem to preserve it This, however, k far from bemgregukr; for if we were to form compounds of Cotton^ Button^ o» Muttony as Cottony^ Buttony, Muttony^ &c. we should as certainly suppress the lasl 9 in the compounds, as in the simplef. See Principles, Ko. 103. To Gluttonise, glAt'tAn-lze. y* a» To play the glutton. Gluttonous, glAt'tdn-As. a. Given to excessive feeding. Gluttonously, gldt^tdn-ds«l6* ad. With the voracity of a-glutton. Gluttony, glAt'tAn-*. s. Excess of eating, luxury of the table.— See Glut- ton. Gluy, gHi'd. a. Viscous, tenacious. glutinous. Glyn, glhi. s. A hollow between two mountains. To GNAHL,nirl. v.n. (384). To grt>wl| to murmur, to snarl. Gnarled, n4r1M. a. Knotty. roGNASH,n&sh. v.a. (384). Tostrike together, to clash. To Gnash, n&sh. v.n. Togrindorcol** lide the teeth ; to rage even to coUiaionof the teeth. (;nat, n&t. s. (384). A small winged stinging insect; any thing proverbially small. Gn ATFLo WEE, nit'fldi-dr. s. The bee« flower. nNATSNAFPER,nit^sndp*]>(br. s. Abird so called. To Gnaw, niw. v. a. (384). To eat by degrees, to devour by Slow corrosion ; to bite in agony or rage ; to wear away by biting ; to fret, to wsfltc, to corrode ; to pick witli the teeth. To Gnaw, niw. v. n. To exercise the teeth. Gnawer, nliw'^ir. s. (98). One that g^aws. Gnomon, n6'm6n. s. (384). The hand or pin of a dial. Gnomowicks, n&-m6nlks. s. (509), The art of dialling. To Go, go. V. n. Pret. I went, I have gone. To walk, to move step by step ; to walk leisurely, not run ; to journey a-foot j to proceed ; to depart from a place $ to wf^y one*s self; to have recourse ; to ba aoQut to dof^to decline, to tend lowardts 3A GO A 502 GOD t7* (559).— F&te, f&r, f&ll, fSLt;— md, iii^;->«plnet pinpi*- death or ruin ; to escape ; to tend to any act ; to pass ; to move by raechaniam ; to be in motion from whatever eaiise ; to be regruUted by imy method ; to proceed up* on principles ; to be pregnant ; to be ex- pendedi to reach or be extended to any degree ; to spread, to be dispersed, to reibch farther ; to contribute, to conduce ; to succeed ; to proceed in train or conse- Suence ; to go about, to attempt, to en- eavour; to go aside, to err, to deviate ^x>m the right, to abscond; to go be- tween, to interpose, to moderate betvreen two ; to go by, to pass unnoticed, to ob- serve as a rule ; to go down, to be swal- lowed, to be received, not rejected ; to ^ In and out, to be at liberty ; to go oflT, to die, to decease, to depart from a poat ; to go on, to make attack, to proceed ; to go onrer, to revolt, to betake himself to anodier party; to go out, to ao upon any expeditioi, to be extinguished; to go • through, to perform thoroughly, to exe< cute, to suffer, to undergo. Go-to, g6-tAA'. interject. Come, come, take the rigpht course. A scornful ex- kortaiUon. Go-by, g6-bl'. s. Delusion, artifice, cir- ' cuAivention. Go-cart, g61ilLrt. b. A machine in which children are inclosed to teach them to walk. Goad, g6de. a. (296). A pointed in- strument with which oxen are driven for- ward. To Goad, gMe. v. a. To prick or drive with a goad t to incite, to stimulate, to in- stigate. Goal, gAle. s. (295). The landmark set lip to bound a race ; the starting post ; tlie final purpose, the end to which a de- sig^ tends. Goal, j41e. s. An incorrect spelling ibr gaol— which see. GoAR, gAre. 8. (295). Any edging sewed upon ploth. Goat, gAte. s. (295). An animal that aeems a middle species between deer and sheep. GoATBEARo, gAte'b^rd. 8. A plant. Goatchaper, Kite'tshA-fAn s. A Idnd of beetle, vulgarly Cockchafer. ' Goatherd, gAte'h^rd. s. One whose employment is to tend goats. Goatmarjoram, gAte^mAr-jAr-Am.s. Goatsbeard. Goats Rue, gAts'r66. t. A plant. GoATs-THORM, gte'/A6m. 8. Apkmt. Goatish, g6te^sh. a. ResembHng a goat in rankness or lust. To Gobble, g6b1)l. v. a. (405). Tv swallow hastily with tumult and noise. Gobbler, g6b'bl-dr. s. One that de^ . vours in haste. , ^ Go-b£tweev, g6^-4:wdto. a. One 7 that transacts business by ranniiig be- tween two parties. Goblet, gdb^dk. Properly Gob blbt. A bowl or cup-— See Codlr. GoBLiR, g6b11n. 8. An evil spirit, a walking spirit, a^ghtiul phantom ; a fai- ry, an elf. Gon, g6d. 8. The Supreme Bdng; a false ffod, an idol ; any person or wing deified, or too much honoured. Gone HiLn, g6d'tshild. s. The child for vdiom one became sponsor at baptism. / Goo-DAUOH-PER, g6d'd&w-tdr. s. A girl for whom one became sponsor in bap- tism. Goddess, g6d'd^. 8. A female divi- nity. GoDDESS-LXKE, g6dM68-Ilke. a. Re- sembling a goddess. God-fatmkr, g6d'flL-THdr. s. The sponsor at the font Godhead, gM'hed. s. Godsbip, di- vine nature, a deity in person, a god or goddess. Godless, g6d1^. a. Without sense of duty to God, atheistical, wicked, impious. Godlike, g6d1ike. a. Divine, resem- bling a divinity. Godliness, g6d^l^-n£s. a. Piety to God ; general obser\'ation of all the duties prescribed by religion. GoDLiNG,g6d'ling.s. A little divinity. GoDLT, g6d'l£. a. PiooB towards God i good, righteousj religious. Godly, g6d'i&« ad. piously, righte- ously. Godlyuead, g6dl£-h^l. a« Goodneasi righteousness. Goo^MOTHBR, g6d'mdTH-Ar.8. A wo- man who has become sponsor in baptism. GoDSHiF, g6d'sbip. s. 1 he rank pr chai^clcr of a god, deityy difimty. GOL SOS G OO GonsoN* gdd'aAn. .8* One for wbom one bw been tpoMor at the font GopwARo, gad'wird. ad. Toward God. GoDWiTy g6dVlt.8. A bird of particu- lar delicacy. Go£a« g6'Ar. 8. One that goes, a run- ner, a vralker. -To Goggle, g6g'gL v, n. (405). To look asquint. Goggle-eyed, g&g'gl-lde. a. (283). Squint eyed, not looking straight Goiiro, g6'iBg. 8. The act of walking ; pregftancy: departure. GoLA, gA'ML- 8- The same with Cyma- tium. CC^That is a term in architecture signifying a. member or moulding, one lialf of which ia conrex and the otlier concave. Gold, g6ld, orgAdld. s. (164). The purest, heaviest, and most precious of all ' meUla ; money. JCJ» It is much to be regretted that the second sound of this word is grown much more frequent thaa the first It is not easy to guesa at the cause of this unmean- ing deviation from the fpeneral rule, but the eifect is to impoverish the sound of the laoguajre, and to add to its irregula- rities. It Das not, however, like some other words, irrevocably lost its true pro- nmiciatioii. Rh3rme still claims its right to the long open o as in* boldp coid, /oid, kc, ** Judges and senatea have been bought for goid; *' Esteem and Love were never to be sold. ** Nov Europe's laurels on their brows be- hold, **B»t itaki*d with blood, or ill exchanged for giUdJ* Pope. And solemn speaking, particularly the languapa of Scripture, indispensably re- quires the same sound. With these esta- blished authorities in its favour, it is a diagraoe to the language to<4iuffer indo- lence and vulgarity to corrupt it into the second sound.— ^See WiNB.^-But since it is generally corruoted, we ought to fceep tikis oorraptbn from spreading, by confining it as much aa possiUe to Tami- Har objects and familiar occasions : thus Oold6etiier, Goldfinch^ Gol s. (166). Go NF anon, g6n'fi-n{in. An ensign, a standard. Gonorrhoea, g6n-6r-r^'i. s. A mor- bid running of venereal hurta. Good, gtid. a. (307). Comp. Better, Superl. Best. Having such physical qua- lities fts are expected or desired; proper, fit, convenient; uncomipted, undamaged i wholesome, sahibrioiis; pleasant, to the taste; complete, full; usefid, valuables sound, not false, not fallacious ; legal, vi^id, rightly claimed or held; well qua- lified, not deficient; skilful, ready, dex- terous; havuip mond qualities, sucli aa are wished, vutuous ; benev6lent ; com- panionable, sociable, merry ; not too faA; really, seriottsly } to make good, to main- G O H ^4 GOV ty (559),— F4te, fir, ftll, fit;— mi, inAt;— pbe, phi;— to perform, to supply any deficien- Good, gtid. 6. That which physically contributes to hftppineis, the contrary to evil; moral qualities, such asve^esir- jible ; virtue, righteousness. Good, gtd. ad. Well, not ill, not amiss OS g^ood, not worse. GooD«coND>TioNED, g6d-k6n-dish'- 4nU a. (362). Without ill qualities or symptoms. GooDLiKEss, g{id'l£-nds. s. Beauty, grace, ekgance. ,GooDLT, gddl^. 'a. Beautiful, finip, splendid ; bulky, •welling; happy, gay. GooD-^o w, gdd 'n6(i. interject. In good time, Goodman, gdd'mW. s. A slight ap- pellation of civility; a rustick term of compliment, gaffer. Goodness, gM'nSs. s. Desirable qua- lities either moral or physical. Goods, g^ldz. s. Moveables in a house ; wares, freights, merchandise. Goodt, g^'d^. s. A low term of ci- vility used to mean old women; corrupt- ed from Goodmife* Goose, g66se. a. A large waterfowl proverbially noted for foolishness ; a tAy< tor's smoothing-iron. GoosEBEaaT, g^dz'b^r^. s. A tree and fruit. C^oosEFooT, gddse'ftkt. s^ Wild .orach, (70o$£GEABS, gA6se'gris. fi. Ctivefs, an herb. GoRBELLY, g6r1^Mi. s. Abig paunch, . a swelling belly. GoUBBLLiBD, g6r'b^l-lid. a. (283). jFM, bigbelUcd, GoED, g6rd. s. An instrument of gam- ing. Gore, g6re. s. Blood; blood clotted or congealed; a long narrow piete. To Gore, g6re« v, a. Tp stab> to pierce ; to pierce with a hprn. Gorge, gorje. s. The throat, the ' swallow; that which is gorged or swal- lowed. To poROE, g6rje. v. a. ^ ^ fish has gorged the hook. Gorgeous, gir'jiis. a. (262). Fine, glittering in various colours, showy. GoRGEotrsLT, g6r'jAs-l^. ad. Splen* didly, magrnificently, finely. GoRGEousNEss, g6r'j{i8-n^s, s« Splen- dour, magnificence, show. Gorget, gdr'j^t. s. The piece of ar- mour that defends the throat, Gorgon, gdr'gdn. s. (166). A mon- ster with snaky hairs, of which the sight turned beholden to stone ; any thing ugl/ or horrid. GoRMAND, g6r'maLnd. s. A greedy eater. To Gormandize, g6r'in^-dize. v* n. To feed ravenously. . Gormandizer, gdr^mdn-di-zAr. s. A voracious eater. GoRSE, gdrse. s. Furze, a thick prick- ly shrub. Gory, gA'ri. a« Covered with congeal- ed blood ; bloody, murderous. G08HAWK9 g6s'h&wk. s. A hawk of a large kind. Gosling, gozTmg. s. A young goose, a goose not yet full grown ; a catkin. Gospel, g6s'p^. 8. God's word, the holy bo<^ of the Christian revelation; di- vinity, theology. Gospeller, gos'p^l-Qr. s. A name given to the followers of Wicklifie, who professed to preach poly the GospdL Gossamer, g5s^sa>miftr« s. The down of plants ; the long white cobwebs which float in the air about harvest-time. Gossip, g6s'sip. s. One who answers for the child in baptism ; a tippling com- panion ; one who runs about tattling like a woman at a lying-in. To Gossip, g6s'sip. v. n. To chat, to {MiKte, to be merry; to be a pot compa- nion. Got, g6t. Fret, of Tojget. GoTTEK, g&t't*n. Part. pass, of Get ToGovEi^K, g{Lv'&m. v.a. To rule as a chief magistrate ; to regulate, to influ- ence, to direct ; to manage, to restraia \ in grammar, to have force with regaf^to syntax ; to pilot, to regulate the motiops pfaship. To GoTERH, gAv'dm. V. n. (98). To keep superiority. GovERNARLE, gAv'Ar-ni'bl. a. Sub- missive to authoritjTi subject to rale, nuu nageable. GR A »% CR A GoTERNAivcE, gdv'{ir'4iinse. 8. Go- Temment, role, management. Cover KANT E, g6-vftr-nint' s. A Udy who has the cure of young girls of quality. Governess, gftv'Ar-n^s. s. A female Invested with authority ; a tutoress, a wo- man that has the care of young ladies ; a directress. Government, gdv'tim-mdnt.s. Form of community with respect to the dis- position of the supreme authority ; an esta- blishment of legal authority, administra- tion of pubVick affairs ; regularity of be- haviour ; manageableness, compliance, obsequiousness ; in grammar, influence with regard to construction. Governour, gdv'ilr-ndr. s. (314). One who has the supreme direction ; one who is invested with supreme authority in a state ; one who rules any place vrith delegated and temporary authority; a tutor ; a pilot, a manager. Gouge, g6ddje* s. A chisel having a round edge. Gourp, g!6rd, or g66rd. s. (318). A plant, a bottle. (O* Mr. Elphinston, Mr. Nares, W. John- ston, and Buchanan, pronounce this word in the first manner ; and Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, and Mr. Perry, in the last. The first is, in my opinion, the most agreeable to English analogy. GouRDiNEss,g6i/d£-n^. s. A swelling in a horse^s leg. Go\JRNET, gAr'n^. s. (314). A fish. Gout, gAdt. s. (313). ^ periodical disease attended with great pain. Gout, g66. s. (3 1 5). A French word signifying taste ; a strong desire. Gout WORT, g6(kt'wiixt. s. An herb. GouTY,g6i£i't^. a. Afflicted or diseased with the gout ; relating to the gout. Gown, g6^. s. A long upper gar- ment ; a woman's upper g^arment ; the long habit of a man dedicated to arts of peace, as divinity, medicine, law? the dress of peace. Gowned, gd^'d. a. (362), Dressed in a gown. Gownman, g6i&n'man. 8. (88). A man devoted to the arts of peace. To GrabblK) gPab'bl. v, a. (405). • To grope. b≪— 611;.^p6^d; — fhtRy tbi$. To Grabble, grdbljl. v. n. To lie prostrate on the ground. Grace, grise. s. (560). Favour, kind- ness ; favourable influence of God on the human mind ; virtue, effect of God's in- fluence ; pardon ; favour conferred ; pri- vilege ; a goddess, by the heathens sup* posed to bestow beauty ; behaviour, con- sidered as decent or unbecoming; adventitious or artificial beauty ; orna- ment, flower, highest perfection ; the title of a duke, formerly of the king, meaning the same as your goodness or your cle- mency ; a short prayer said before and after meat. Or ac£-cup, g^&se'kOp. »• The cup or health drank after grace. To Grace, grise. v. a. To adorn, to dignify, to embellish ; to dignify or raise by an act of favour ; to favour. Graced, grist, a* (3i9). fieaudM, graceful ; virtuous, regular, chaste. Gr aceful, gr4se'f%il. a. Beautiful with eloquence. Gracefully, grdse'fill-^. ad. Ele- gantly, with pleasing dignity. Gracefulness, gr4se'f(d-B^8. s. Ele- gance of manner. Graceless, grise'I^s. a. Without gprace, wicked, abandoned. Graces, gri'slz. s. (99). Good graces, for favour; it is seldom used in the sing^ar. Gracile, gras'sil. a. (140). Slenderi small. Gracilent, grlb'^-lSnt. a« Lean. Gracihty, gri-sil'^-t^. 8. Slendcr- ness. Gracious, gr&'sh{&s. a. (314). Merci- ful, benevolent ; favourable, kind f virtu- ous, good ; graceiid, becoming. Graciously, grd'shdis-l^. ad. Kindly^ with kind condescension ; in a pleasing manner. Graciousness, gri'sh(^s-4)^s. 8. Kind condescension ; pleasing manner. Gradation, gra-da'sh An. s. Regular progi*ess from one degree to another ; re- gular advance step by step ; order, ar- rangement ; regular process of ai-gunvent Gradatory, gr^l'a-ti'ir-^. s. (512). Steps from the cloister into tl)e church, GRADiANT,gr4'd6-int,orgr4'i6-^t,a. (293). WaBdng. Gradual, grad'ii-al) or, gr4d'ju-iU, a. GH A SO$ fi R A )^ (Ssg^^^F^le, Oprfldl, f&t;^in^ m^^-<-pine> plh; (293) (294) (376). Proceedingr by de- crees, advancini^ step by step. Gradual, griai^il. ». (88). An or- der of step^. GRADUALiTT,grid-6-iri-ti.8. Regu- lar progression. Gradually, gr^d'&-U-I^. ad. By de- grees, in regolar progression. To Graduate, grid'u-4te. v. a. To dignify \rith a degree in the university, to mark with degrees ; to raise to a higher place in the scale of metals ; to heighten, to improve. Graduate, grdd'i-ftte. s. (91). A man digpnifie4 with an academical d^. Graduation, gr4d-'i-d'Shiln. s. Re- gular progression by succession of de- grees ; the act of conferring academical degrees. Graff, gr^f, s. A ditch, a moat. Graft or Graff, gpift or griff, s. (79). A small branch inserted into the stock of another tree. To Graft or Graff, grdft or griff. V. a. To insert a scion or branch of one tree into the stock of another ; to propa- gate by insertion or inoculation ; to insert into a place or body to which it did not originally belong ; to join one tiling so as to receive support from another. C7* Notliing can be clearer than that Graff is tlie true word, if we appeal to its de- rivation from the French word Greffer,- and accordingly we find this word ased in Scripture, and several of the old writ- ers : but nothing can be clearer than that it is now obsolete, and tliat the word Grafted has been long used by our moit respectable modem authors ; and that it onght to be used exclusively. Grafter, graPtfir. s. One who pro- pagates fruits by grafling. Grain, grine* s. (202). A single aeed of corn ; com ; the seed of any fruit ; any minute particle ; the smallest weight ; any thing proverbially small : Grain of al- lowances, something indulged or remit- ted ; tlie Erection of the fibres of wood, or otlier fibrous matter ; dyed or stiuned substance ; temper, disposition, humour i the form of tlie surface with regard to roughness and smoothness. Grained, grin'd. a. (359). Rough, made less smooth. Grains, grinz. s. The husks of malt exhausted in brewing. Grainy, grA'n^. a. FuD of com j fiiU •f grsiiiis or kemela. Gramerct, grd-mdr's^. inter}. An obsolete expression of surprise. Gramineous, gri-mln'^^s. a. Grassy. Graminivorous, grim-^-niv'&^s. a. (518). Grass-eating. Grammar, grlbn'mdr. s. (418). The science of speaking corrector, the art which teaches the relation of words to each other ; propriety or justness of speech j the book that treats of the va^ nous relations of words to one another. Grammar School, grdm'mdr-skddl. s. A school in which the learned lan- guages are grammatically taught Grammarian, grdm-in4'r^-an. s. One who teaches grmmar, a phUologer. Grammatical, grim-in4t'6-k4l. a. Belonging to grammar ; taught by gram- mar. Grammatically, gr4m-m4t'*-k4W. ad. According to the rules or science of grrammar. Gr ample, gr&m'pl. s. (405). A crab fish. Grampus, grim'piis. s« A large fish of the whale kind. Granary, grdn'i-ri. s. (503). A storehouse for Uie threshed com. |C7* We sometimes hear this word pro- nounced with the first a like that in grain / but all our oilhoepists mark it like the a in grand. The first manner wt)uld insi- nuate, that the word is derived from the English word grain : but this is not the case ; it comes m>m the Latin grmnariutn i and, hrf our own analogy, has the ante- penultimate vowel short GRANATE,^dn'at. s. (91). A kind of marble so called, because it i« marked with small variegations like grains. Grand, grind, a. Great iUustriousy hieh in power; splendid, magnificent; noble, sublime, lofty, conceived or ex- pressed with great dignity ; it is used to signify ascent or desent of consaxigoi* nity. Grand AM, grin'd&m.s. Grandmother, one's father's or mother's mother ; an old witliered woman. GRANDCHiLD,gdbd'tshlld.s. TheaoD or daughter of one's son or daughter. GRANDDAtJGRTEa, grdod^diw-tilr. s. The daughter of a son or daughter. Grandee, gr4n-d^^^ s. A man of great ranl^ powcr« or digDity. Grakdsifb, grto^jib. a. (376). ^gs^^ 6 114 IMF 911 A i^ika^oor of Appearance, magnificence ; elevaticm of sentunent or lang^ge. GxAVDFATHCR, grdnd'fl-TH^ir.s. The fatber of a father or mother. Granoifick^ gr4n-dif1k. a. (509). Making great. Grandinous, grftn'dd-ni^s. a. Full of hail. Grakd MOTHER, gribid'mATH-^r. s. The father's or mother^a mother. G11AMBBIRK9 grind'&ire. s. Grandfii- ther ; any ancestor, poetically. Or AMDsoN, grlnd'si^. s. The son of a son or daughter. Geakge, grdnje. s. A &nn: general- ly, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbours. GaAJiiTE, gr^Ht. 8. (140). A stone composed of separate and vety large con- cretions rudely compacted together. GRANivoaovS) gr4-nlv'vA«rd8. a. (518). Eating grain. GEAKNAM^gr&n^Efdm. s. (88). Grand mother. To Grakt, grdnt. v. a* (78) (79). To admit that which is not yet proved ; to hestow something which cannot he claim- ed of right. Gravt, grdnt. a* The act of granting or bestowing ; the thing granted, a gifl, a ixxm ; in law, a gift in writing, of such a thing as' cannot aptly be passed or con- ▼e^d by word only ; admission of some- thmg in dispute. Grahtable, grftnt'&-bl. a. Thatwhich may be granted. Grantee, grib-t^e'. ». He to whom any g?ant is made. Graktor, grint-t6r'. s* (16^). He by whom a grant is made. Grattulart, gr4n'{l-ldr-^. a. Small aiid compact, resembling a small gprain or seed. To Grakxjlate, gdb'i^-lto. t. n. To be formed into small grains. To Granulate, gran'u-lAte. v. a. To break into smsll musses; to raise into amaU asperities (91). Granulation, grin-^tol. s. An old man. Grayling, grilbg. s# The umber, a fish. iGRAYNEssy gr4'n^. s. The quabtiesof being gri^*. «]tt m OKE To GitASEy gHbe. v. n. To eat grass, to/^edoo gn»8 ; to suppl/grasfts totodch * lighdy on the Miriace. To Gbazei grize. v. a. To tend graz- . lag cattle ; to feed upoa » to touch ]%htly the fturface, to rue. Grazibr, gri'zhdr. s. (283) (484). One who feeda cattle. Gft^ASE, gr^se. s. (227) (560). The •oft part of the fat ; a swelling and gour^ * dmess of the legs, which generally hap- pens to a horse a^r his journey. To Grease, gr^ze. v. a. (437). To smear or anoint with grease ; to hribe or * corrupt With presents. Greasimess, gr^'zA-nte. s. Oiliness, 'frtness. Greasy, gr^'z£. a. Oily, fat, unctu- ous ; smeared with grease ; fat of body, bulky. Great, gHLte. a. (240) (241). Lar^ in bulk or namber ; having any quality in a high degree ; considerude in extent or duration ; important, weighty ; chief, Sincipali of hi^ rank* of large power; ustnous, emment; noble, magnani- mous i familiar, much acquainted ; preg^- luuit, teeming; it is added in every step • of ascending or descending consangiiini- ty, as great-grandson is the son of my ' grandson. Great, grite. s. The whole, the gross, the whole in a lump. GR£ATBELLiED,gr4te-b£nd.a. (283). Pregnant, teeming. Greathearted, grAte-h&rt'M. a. High spirited, undejected. GREATLY,.gr&te1^. a. In a great de- eree ; nobly, illustriously; magnanimous- ly, generously, bravely. Greatbtsss, gr&te'n^s. s. Largeness of quanti^ or number ; comparative quan- tity; hi^ degree of any quality; nigh place, dignity, power, influence ; merit, < magnanimity, nobleness of mind; gran- deur, state, magnificence. Greaves, gr^vz. s. Armour for the legs. GREcf SM, gri'skm. s. An idiom of the Greek language. To Grecize, gr^^size. To imitate the idiom of the Greek language. 'Greece, gr^^se. s. A flight of steps. Greedily, gr^A'd6-R. a. Eagferly, ra- . venously, voracioualy. O^BEDiKsss, gr^^^d^-n^. a. Raven. bAll ;— i^b ;«-pMnd ;-'^hmf THir. ouaoess, hunger, eagemesa of appetite^ar desire. Grssdt, gr^6'd(&. a. Ravenous, vora^ cious, huagxy; eager, vehemently deair# OQS. Green, «^in. a. Having a colour fi>rmed by compounding bkie and yel- low; pak, sickly ( flourishuig, freah; new, fresh, as a green wound; not dryi not roasted, half raw; unripe, immatui«« young. Green, gr^dn. s. The green colours a grassy plain. To Green, gr^^n. v. a. To make green. Greenbroom, gr^^n-br^^m^ s. This sbrub grows wikl upon barren dry heaths. Greencloth, CTdittliWrA. ». A board or court of justice of the king's house- hold. Greensted, grd^n'ide. a. (283). Having eyes coloured with green. Greenfinch, gr^^n'finsh. s. A kind of bird ; a kind of fish. Greengage, grAdn-gdje'. s. A species of plum. Greenhouse, gr^^n^h6&se. s. A house in which tender plants are 'shel- tered. Gr££nx&8, gr^in'ish. a. Somewhat green. Greenly, gr^in16. a, With a green- ish colour ; newly, freshly. Greenness, gri^n'nis. s. The qua- lity of being green; immaturity, unripe- ness ; freshness, vigour ; newness. Green Room, grWn-rdAm. s. A room near the stage to which actors re- tire during the intervals of their parts in the play. Greensickness, gr^n-slk'n^s. a* The disease of maids, so called from the paleness which it produces. Greensward, > _.. , .._j C The turf on which grass grows. Greenweed, gr^^n'w^M. s. Dyers weed. Greenwood, gr^6nV(id. s. A wood considered as it appears in the spring or summer: wood growing, or newly cut To Greet, gr^^t. v. a. To address at meeting; to salute in kindness or re- spect; to congratulate; to pay compU» mants ata diaunce. 51 €« I 410 ^HIk «7* (*59).— Fitc# fir, an, at;-^m*,' mfitj-^^na, pte^ &|iSETiM09.gr&^t%g. s. Salutation at meeting, or complimenU at a dtstMice. GnKESBygr^^aBe. 8. Aftightof^tepa. Grsoai-i gr^'gil* a- Belonging to a flock. GregaiiiouS) grt-gi'r*-As. a. Going in flocks OP herds. Gremial, grt'm^-Al. a. Pertaining to {he lap. Grenade, gri-nide'. s. Alittle hollow globe or ball about two inches in diame* ter, which, being filled with fine powder, as soon as it is kindled, flies into many - shatters: a^inali bomb. Gri^nadier, gr^n^a-d^^^'' »• (2^5). * A tall foot-soldier, of whom tliere is one * corapanyin every regiment in Europe. Crenado, gr^-ni'd6. a. (77). See Grenade and Lumbago. Grew, gru. The preterit of Grow. Grey, grA. a. See Gray. Greyhound, grd^6und. s. A tall fleet * dog that chases in sight. To Gride, gride, v.n. To cut* . G R I D ELI N, grld'^-lln. a. A colour made / of white and red, • ^ Gridirok, gdd'i-ite. a. A portable gprate to broil meat on. &RIEF, gr^if. s» {^75)* Sorrow, trou- ble for something past ; grievance, harm. Grievance, gr^^V^se. s. (560). A state OF the' cause of vneasiness. To Grieve, gri^v. r. a. Toafflict, to . hurt To Grieve, gr^v, v. n# To be in psan for tomething past, to mourn, to sorrow, as for the death of friends. GRiEviN6LY,gr^^v'iDg-l£.ad. In sor- row, sorrowfully. Grievous, gr^v^i!ks. a. AfRictive,pain- '. ful, hard to be borne ; guch as causes sorrow ; atrocious, heavy. Grievously, grc6x'As4A. ad. Pain- ' ftitty ; calamitously, miserably ; vexatious- ly- GRiEvausNEss, gr^^v'ds-n&». s. Sor- row, pain. Qriffin,) . C Oriffok,5^ C . jnal said to be generated between the lion and eagle. Grig, grig, s. A small eel; a merry creature. To Grill, gril. v, n. To broil on a ' gridiron ; to harass, to hor^ s. A fabled ani- GRiLLADSy grU-l4de\ a. Any tkiof broiled on the gridiron. Grim, grim. a. Having a ooonteaance ofteiror,hoRiblei ugly, iU-lookiiig. < Grimace, grS^mAse'. s. A distortion of the countenance, frotn habit, affectao tion, or insolence ; air of ailectation. Grimalkin, grim-milldn. s. An ol4 cat. Grim^b, grime, s. Dirt deeply insinu- ated. To Grime, grime, v. a. To dirt^ t» sully deeply. Grimly, grlm'lft. ad. Horriblyi hide- ovaly^ sourly, sullenly. GRiMNEss,grlm'nd8.s.Horrour,frigk- ftilness of visage. TaGRiM^gfln. r. n. To set the teeth together and withdraw the lips, so an to a{^)ear smiling with a mixture of diApka^ sure ; to fix tlie teeth as in anguish. GaiN, grin. s. The act of closing the teeth. ... To Gbind, grind, v. a. Preterit I Ground; Part. pass. Ground. To reduce any thing to powder by friction ; to sharp- en or smooUi ; to rub on^ against ikuothcr ; to harass, to oppress. To Grind, grind, v. n. To perform the act of grinding,, to be moved as in grinding. Grinder, grind'iLir. s. (98). One that grinds I the instrument of grinding; one of the double teeth. Grindlestone, grln'dl st6ne. ) Grindstone, grind'stdne. J ** The stone on which edged instruments are sharpened. Grinner, grln'nAr. s. (1>8). He that grins. GatNNiNOLY, grln^nhig46. ad* With a grinning laugh. Grip, grip. s. A small ditch. To Gripe, gripe, v. a. To hold with the fingers closed; to catch eagerly t to seize J to close,, to clutch; to pindi, to press, to squeeze. To Grips, gripe, v. n. To pinch the belly, to give the colick. Gripe, gripe, s. Grasp, hc^; squeeze, pressiire ; ■ o|)presBion ; pinch- ing distress. Gripes, grips, s. Befiy-ftch> C9- Hck, . . G KO 5vy* G RO GaiPXR) gri'pAr. b. (98). Oppressor, usurer. Grwiwglt, gri'plng-1^. ad. With pain in the g^U. GmsAMBER, grk'ftm-^ir. s. Used by • - MiHoit for amber^t. pRiSKiNi grlsl^in. s. The vertebrae of a hog broiled. GRi$i.T,grtz'ld. a* Dreadful, ho irible, hideous. ■ Grist, grist, s. Com to be givund ; supply, pro^iion. Gristle, grls'al. s. (472). A ( Aiti- lage. Gristly, grls'sW. a« Cartilaginous. Grit, grit. s. The coarse part of meid ; oats husked^ or coarsely ground ; sand, KHu^ hard particles; a kind of fossU; a Uad offish. Grittiness, grk't^-n*s. s. Sandi- neas, the quality of abounding in grit Gritty, grit't*. a. Full of hanl par- ticles. Grizlelin, grklln. a. More pro- perly Gridelih. Having a pale red colour. GRizzLE,grl2'zl. s. (405). A mixture . of white and black ; gray. Grizzled, grlz^zl'd. a. (359). Inter speraed with gray. Grizzly, grlz'zld. a. Somewhat To Groan, gr6ne. v. n. (295). To breathe with a mournful noise, as in pain or agony: Groan, gr6ne« s. Breath expired with noise and difficulty; a hoarse dead sound. Gboanfitl, gr6ne'f&l. a. Sad, ago nizing. Groa-t, gr&wt. s. (295). A piece va- lued at four-pence ; a proverbial name for a small sum ; groats, oats that have the hidls taken off. Grocer, gri'siibr. S. (98). A man whcbuys and sells tea, sugar, plums, and ^ices. ^GP Mr. Mares observes, that this word ou|^ to be written G^M«er, as originally hemp one who dealt by the gron or whoks^le. There is not, however, he observes, much chance that Grocer will give place to Grotttrs especially as they no longer engross merchandise of au Itinds, n ... Co.- Grogham, \ gr&g'ram. J s. Stuff woven with a large woof and a rotigh pile. Groik, grAln. s. The part next the thigh. Gaoom, gr66m. s. A servant that takes care of the stable. Groove, gr66v. s. A deep cavern or hollow; a channefor hollow cut with a tool. To Groove, grMv.' v. a. To cut hol- low. To Grope, gr&pe.v.n. To feel where one cannot see. To Grope, gr&pe. v. a. To search by feeling in the dark. Gross, gr6se. a. (162). Thick, cor- pulent i sharoefol, unseemly *, intelleetu- ally coarse ; inelegant ; thick, not refined ; stupid, dull ; coarse, roughs opposite to delicate. 03* This word is irreridar from a vanity of imitating the French. In Scotland tfic^ pronounce this word regularly so as to rhyme with moat. Pope also rhymes it with this word. " Shall only man be taken in tlie gross ? ** Grant but aa many sorts of mind as moss.'' This, however, must be looked upon as a poetical licenses for the sound seems now irrevocably fixed as it is marked, rhyming with Jocom, wrAo#e, &c. Gross, gr^. s. The main body, the main force ; the bulk, the whole not di- vided into its several parts ; tlie chief part, the main mass ; the number of twelve dozen. Grossly, grose'l^. ad. Bulkily, in bulky parts, cosrsely ; without suhtilty, without an ; without delicacy. GRossNEss,gr6se'n^. s. Coarseness, liot subtilty, thickness ; inelegant fatness, unweildy corpulence ; wantofrefoiement; want of delicacy. Grot, gr6t, s. A cave, a cavern for coolness and pleasure. GROTESQtTE, gr6't^sk'. a. Distorted in figure, unnatural Grotto, gr6t'tA'. s. A cavern or cave I made for coolness. Grove, grAve. s. A walk covered by I trees meeting above. GRO S\7 anv 97' {559).~F&te, fi&r, fill, at;«-m^ mit^^^BDe^ pin; To Grovbl, gr6vVl. v. n. (102). To lie prone, to creep low on the ground ; to be Bie«n» to be without dignity. GaouNP, gr66nd. s. (313). The earth considered as solid or m low t the earth as disting^shed from air or water ; land, country; region, territory* farm, estate, possession ; the floor or level of the place; dregs, lees, faeces ; Ih^ first stratum of paint upon which the fig^es are after wards painted; the iwidamental sub- stance, that by which the additional or accidental parts are supported ; first hint, first traces of an invention ; the first prin- ciples of knowledge; the fimdamental cause ; the field or place of action ; the ' space occupied by an army as they fight, advance^ or retire ; the state in which one is with respect to opponents or competi- tors ; the foil to set a thing oflT. To Gbound, g^^^nd. v. a. To fix on the ground ; to found as upon cause or principle ; to settle in first principles or rudiments of knowledge. Ground, gr6^d. Ihe preterit and part pass, of Grind. Ground-ash, gr6tod-&sh^ s. A sap- lin of ash taken from the ground. Ground-rait, gr6iimdl)^te. 8. A bait made of barley or malt boiled, thrown into the place where you anfle. GRpuifo-FLOOR, grOAnd^fiore. s. The lower story of a house. Ground-ivy, gr6ftnd-l^£. 8. Alehoof, OP tumhoof. Ground-oak, gr66nd-Ake^ s. A sap* linoak. Grouhd-pine, gr6(lnd-plhe'. s. A plant GRouNDrPLATE, gr6{knd^p!4te, s. In architecture, the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the eround, and framed into one another with mortises and tenons. Gbound^plot, gr66nd'pl6t. s.^ The ground on which any building is placed ; the ichnogrf4>hy of a building, Ground-reut, gr^JUid'r^nt. 8. Rent paid for the privilege of building on ano- ther man's ground. GaouND-RooM, gr6And'rddm. 8. A room on the level with the grouhd. Groundedly, gr66nd'W W. ad. Upon finn principles. Groundless, gr6{ind1&« a. Void of reason. Groundlesslt, gr6And^ite-16. mi. Without reason^ wiUiout cause. Groundlessness, grd&ndlds-n^a. s« Want of just reason. Groundling, grddnd'ling. s. A fish which keeps at the bottom of the water; one of the vulgar. Groundly, gr66nd'l^. ad. Upon prin- ciples, solidly. Groundsel, gr^Wsil. s. A timber next the ground, a plant. Groundwork, gr66nd^w^k. s. The ground, the first stmtum ; the first part of an undertaking^, the fiuidamen^dsi first principle, original reason. Group, gr66p. s. (315). A crowd, a clustcir, a huddle. To Group, gr66p. v, a- To put into a crowd, to huddle together. OCj* This word is now more properly writ- ten Grouptt like the French word from which it comes to us. Grouse, gr66se. s. (313). A kind of fowl, a heathcock. Grout, gr6(it.s. (313). Course meal, pc^lard : that which purges 00*; akind of wild apple. To Grow, gr6. v. n. (324). Prctcr. Grew; Part pass. Grown. To vegetate, to have vegetable motion ; to be prwlttced by vegetation ; to increase in stature ; to come to manhood from infancy ; to issue, as plants from a soil ; to increase in bulk» to become greater ; to improve, to make progress; to advance to any state; to come by degrees; to be changed front one state to another ; to proceed as frK>m a cause ; to adhere, to stick together ; ta swell, a sea term. Grower, gr^'Ar. s. (98). Anincreas- er. To Growl, gr6M. v. n. (323). T© snarl or murmur, like an angry cur, ta murmur, to grumble. Grown, grAne, tlie participle passive of Grow. Advanced in growth ; covered or filled by the growth of any thing ; ar- rived at full growth or suture^ Growth, ^tbth, s. (324). Vege- tation, vegetable life; product; tbuig produced; increase in number, bulk, or frequency; increase of stature, ad- vanced to maturity; in^uovement, ad- vancement. To Grub, griib. v. a. To dig Up, to destroy by digging. GRV 513 CUD GftuBi gi^- 9* A small worm that eats boles in bodies ; a short tliick man, a dwarf. To-Grubble, grAbT)!. v. n. (405). To feel in the dark. Grub-stberT) griib'stt^it. s. The name of a street in London, formerly mnch inhabited by writers of small histo- ries, dictionaries, and temporary poems ; whence any >oiean production is called Grub-street. To Gru DOR, griidje. v. a. To envy, to see any advantage of another with dis- content ; to give or taJce unwillingly. ^o Grudoe, grAdje. v. n. To mur- mnr, to repine ; to be unwilling, to be re- luctant, to be envious. Grudge, gr&dje. s. Old quarrel, in- veterate malevolence; anger, ill-will; envy, odium, invidious censure; some Uttle commotion, or forerunner of a dis- ease. Grudgingly, grAd'jlng-1^. ad. Un- willingly, malignantly. Grurl, grii'U. 8. (99). Food made by boiUng oatmeal in water. Grvpf, gr6f. a. Sour of aspect, harsh of manners. Gruffly, grdfli* ad. Harshly, rug- gedly. Gruffkess, grdf n^. s. Ruggedness of mien. Grum, grfim. a. Sour, surly. To Grumble, grAmljl. v. n. (405). To murmur with discontent ; to gfrowl, to snarl ; to make a hoarse ratUe. Grumbler, grimlil-Ar. s. One that grumbles, a murmurer. Grumbling, grCkm1>l-lng. s. A mur- muring through discontent. Grume, grddm. s. (339). A thick vis- cid consistence of a fluid. Grumly, griim'li. ad. Sullenly, mo- rosely. Grummel, grdm^mdl. $• An herfo. Grumqus, gr66'm5a* a. (339). Thick, clotted. Grumouskess, gt*6<^'mds-n£8. 8« Thickness of a coagulated liquor. GRUKBEL,griLbVil. 8. (99). The lower • part of the building. To Grunt, grAnt. . 7 To Gruntle, gr&i'tl. (405). I To murmur like a hog. Grurt, gr^knt. s. The noise of a hog, Grukter, grdn'tAr. s. (98). He tliat grunts ; a kind of fis^. V. n- bUl;<^«-6U;— ^>^n4;— 'Mn, thib. GRUiTTLiiro, grdnt^lng. s. A young hog. To Crutch, grAtsh. v.n. To envy, to repine. Grutch, gn&tsh. 8. Malice, ill-will. GuAiACUM, gwi'y^-kdm. s. (340). A physical wood. Lignum %it^. Guarantee, gdr-rdn-t^'. s. (332). A power who undertakes to see stipulations performed. To Guaranty, gilr'rin-ti. v. a. (92). To undertake to secure the performance of a treaty or stipulation between con- tending parties. To Guard, gyird. v. a. (92) (160). To watch by way of defence and securi- ty ; to protect, to defend; to preserre by caution; to provide againat objections s to adorn with lists, laces, or ornamental borders. To Guard, gyird. v.n. (332). To be in a state of caution or defence. Guard, gy&rd. s. (92)* A mau, or body of men, whose business is to watch; a state of caution, a state of vigilance ; limitation, anticipation qf objection ; an ornamental hem, lace, or border; part of the hilt of a sword. ^CI* This word is pronounced exactly like the noun yard^ preceded by hard g^ near- ly as egg-yard. The same sound of ^ con- sonant is observable between hard g and a in other words. Nor is this a fajiciful peculiarity, but a pronunciation arising from euphony and the analogy of the lan- guage (160). Guardage, gy^ddge. s. (90). State of wardship. Guarded, gyAr'dir.s. (98). On^who guards, Guardian, gyir'd<&-4n, or gyir'je-an. s. (293) (294) (376). One that has the care oi'an orphan ; one to whom the care and preservation of any tiling is com- mitted. GuA«DiAN,gylr'dMn. a. (293) (376). Performing the office of a kind protector or superintendent. Guardianship, gy4r'd64n-«hlp. s. The office of a guardian. Gu ARDLESS, gyird'lds. a. Without de- fence. Guardship« gyArd'ship. s. Protec- tion ; a king's ship to guard the coast. Gu BERN ATI on, ^4)6r-n4'shdn. t» Government, supenntftiidenc)', GuDOEON, g^d'ji^n. s. (259). A small fish found in brooks and rivers ; a person easily iihposed on ; something to be caught to a man's own disadvantage. t U I 5U <; VI ay (559).— F4te, flr, flOI, fit;— md, mit'r*-piiie> pto;— Guerdon, g^r'ddn. s. (166) (560). A reward, a recompense. fpj* I have differed from Mr. Sheridim in ■ the first syllable of this word, which he spells g^per. I have made the u mute, as ^ in guets, ntt only as agreeable to the French ruerdon, but to our own analogy. ^ The authority of Mr. Nares confirms me in my opinion. To Guess, g^s. v. n. (336). To con- jecture, to judge without any^ certain princi|He8 of judgment; to conjecture righUy. To Guess, g^s. v. a. To hit upon by . accident. Guess, gds. s. (560). Conjecture, judg- ment without any positive or certain grounds. Guesser, gis's&r. s. Coniecturer, one who judges without certain know- ledge. GuEssiNGLT, gds'slng-l^. ad. Conjee- turally, uncertainly. Guest, g^st. s. (336). One entertained in the house of another ; a stranger^ one who comes newly to reside. GuESTCHAMBER, g^st'tsh&m4>{b:. s. ' Chamber of entertainment To Guggle, gAg'gl. v. n. (405). To sound as water running with intermission out of a narraw vesseL GuiAcuM, gw^-d'kAm. s. An impro- per spelling and pronunciation of Guaia- cwm^ which see. GuiDAGE, gyi'dAje. s. (90). The re- ward ^ven to a gfuide. Guidance, gyi'danse. s. Direction, government. To Guide, gylde. v. a. (160). To di- rect, to govern by counsel, to instruct ; to regulate, to superintend. Guide, gyide. s. One who directs ano- ther in his way; one who directs another in his conduct; director, regulator. ^CT* As the g is hard in this word and its compounds, it is not easy to spell them as they are pronounced ; y must be consider- ed as double e, and must articulate the succeeding vowel as much as in yieltL^^ See Guard. Guideless, gyidel^. a. Without a guide. GuiDER, gyi'diir. s. (98). Director, regulator, guide. Guild, i^ild. s. (341). A society, a corporation, fraternity. Guile, gyilc. s. (341)* Deceitful) cun- ning, insidious artifice. GuiLKf uLy gylie'Rd. ». Wiiy> insi- dious, mischievously artful ; treache(ous» sepretly mischievous. Guilefully, gyile'fAl-^. ad. Insidi* ously, trcucherously. Guilefulkess, gyile'fibl-n^s. s. Se- cret treachery, tricking cunning. Guileless, gyiie'l^s. a. Wiuiout de- ceit, without insidiousnoss. Guiler, gyile'dr. s. One that betrays into danger by insidious practicei. Guilt, gilt. s. (341), The state of a man justly charged with a crime i a crime , an offence. tC7* It is observed in Principles, No. 92, that when g comes before short a» the sound of e so necessarily intervenes that we cannot pronounce these letters with- out it ; but that when the a is long, as in regard we may pronounce these two let- ters without the intervention of e, but that this pronunciation is not the most elegant. The same may be observed of tlie g hard, and the long and short /. We may pronbunce^ici^ Hid guile nesrlv as if written egg4de and tgg-iUt though not so properly as tgg-yide and egg-yiUt but that gild and gt^ must necessarily admit of the e sound between hard g and }, or we cannot pronounce them. Guiltily, gllt'^-1^. ad. Without in- nocence. Guiltiness, gllt^^-n^s. s. The state of being guilty, consciousness of crime. Guiltless, gUt'l^s. a. Innocent, free from crime. Guiltlessly, glltl^s-1^. ad. Without g^lt, innocently. Guiltlessness, gllt^l^S'Q&i. s. Inno- cence, freedom from crime. Guilty, gUt't^. a. Justly chargeable with a crime, not innocent ; wicked, cor- rupt. Guinea, ghi'n^. a. (341). A gold coin valued at one and twenty shillings ster. Guinea drop PER, g!n'ni-dr6p'ptir. s. One who cheats by dropping guineas. G u I N E A H EN, gln'n^-h&i. s. A small Indian hen. GuiNE ApEPFER, ' gln'-n^-p^p'pAp. s. A plant. GuiNEAPiQ, gln'n^-plg.' s. A small animal with a pig's snout ; a kind of naval cadet in an East Indiaman. Guise, gylze. s. (160) (341). Manner, mien, iuibit ; practice, custom, property : external appearance, dress. Guitar, glt-tir'. s, (341). A stringed ed instnuDcnt of musick. Q V If s\}f GUT aA»jBAve» air, n&t$— itfibey tiUn Gv^Mii ^Hz, 9.. Red; atenrnuedin heraldry. GuLr, gAlf. s. A bay, an opening into lands ao abyss, an tmmeasurable • depth ; a whirlpool, a sucking^ eddy ; any thing uMatiable. Gulf Y, gAI'f&. a. Full of gulfs or whirl- pools. To Gull, gftl. v. a. To tricky to cheat, to defraud. Gull, gdl. s. A sea-bird; a cheat, a fraud, a trick ; a stupid animal, one easily cheated. GuLLCATCHER, gi^lOdltsh-Ar. 8. A cheat. GuLLKR, gW'liir. s. (98). A cheat, an Vmpoftor. GuLLERT, gAndr-^. s. Cheat, impos- ture. Gullet, gfll'llt. s. (99). The throat, themeatpipe. To Gully, gdm. v, n. To run with Gullyholb, g411^h6le. s. Thehole wfaers the gotten empty themsetres in the subterraneous sewer. CVI.OBITY, gi-jAs'6-t6. f . Greediness, gluttony, voracity. ^To Gulp, gAlp. v. a« To swallow eagerly, .to su^k down without intermis- • sion. Gulp, gdlp. s. As much as can be • swaUowed at once. Gum, gdro. s. A vegetable substance, diflTering from a resin in being more viscid, and dissolving in aqueous men- struums; the fleshy covering that con- • tains the.teeth. To Gum, gdm, v. a. To close with gum. GuMMiNEss, gflm'm^-n^s. s. The state of being gummy. GuMMOsiTY, gdm-m6s's6-t^'. s. The nature of gum, gumminess. GuMMous, g^m'mi!)is. a. (314). Of the nature of gum. Gum M T, gAm'mA. a. Consisting of gum, of the nature of gum ; productive of gum ; overgrown with gum. GuK, gdn. s. The general name for fire-arms, the instrument from which shot is discharged by fire. GuKNEL, gfin'nil. s. (99), Corrupted from Gunwale. Gunner, gfln'ndr. s. (98). Cannonier, he wliose employment is to manage the artillerj'maship* \M ;— All ;-^)A6nd ;— 4Ain, this. GuvNERY, g^Q'nAr-^. 8. The science of IrtiUery. Gunpowder, g{in'pdA-d4r. s. The powder put into guns to be fired. Gunshot, gdn'sh6t. s. The reach or range of a gun. Gunshot, giln'shAt. a. Made by the shot of a g^. Gunsmith, gfin'smlM.s.Aman whose trade is to make gims. Gunstick, giln'stik. s. The rammer. GuNSTocK, gdn'st6k. s. The wood to which the barrel of a gun is fixed. GuKSTONE, g^in'stine, s. The shot of cannon. Gunwale or Gunnel of a ship, gdn'- nll. s. That piece of timber which reaches on either side ^of the ship from the half-deck to the forecastle. GuRGE, gdrje. s. Whirlpool, gulf. Gurgion, gArl^in. s. (259). The coarser part of meal, sifted from the bran. To Gurgle, gflr'gl. v. n. (405). To fall or gush with noise, as water from a bottle. kindofsea^ish. To Gush, gish. v. n. To flow or rush out with violence, not to spring in a small stream, but in a large body; to emit in a copious efllujuon. Gush, gi&sh. s. An emission of liquor in a large quantitysct once. Gusset, gAs'slt. s* (99), Any thing sewed on to ck^b, hi order to strengthen it. GusTjgdst, s. Sense of tasting; height of perception; love, liking; turn of fancy, intellectual taste ; a sudden violent blast of wipd. GusTABLE, gtis'ti-bl. a. (405). To be tasted ; pleasant to the Uste. Gustation, gte-t&'sh^. s. The act of tasting. GusTFUL, gAst'ftl. a. Tastpfiil, well- tasted. Gusto, gA8't6. s. The relbh of any thing, the power bv which anv thing ex- cites sensations in tlie palate ; mtellectual taste, liking. Gusty, gfts't*. a. Stormy, tempestu- ous. Gut, gfit. s. The long pipe reach- ing with many convolutions from the sto-^ mach to the vent; the stomach, the re- GYM 61& 6 Y V (CT (559).— FAtc, flr, fill, ftt ;— m*, vtit ;— pine, pin ;— tepUrle of food; proverbiaUy, gluttony, love of gormandizing. To Gut, gfit. v. a- To eviscerate, to draw ; to take out the inaide ; to plunder of contents. GuTTATED, gftt'ti-tW.a* Besprinkled with drops, bedropped. Gutter, git't(ir. s. (98). A passage for water. To Gutter, gAt'tiir. v. a. To cut in small hollows. To Guttle, gdtU v- n. (405). Tp feed luxuriously, to gpomumdize. A low word ■ To Guttle, giit'tl. v. a. To swal- low. QuTTLEB,gftt'tl-4r. s. (98). A greedy eater. GuTTULOus,g(it'tshu-lAs.a. (463). In the form of a small drop. Guttural, g6t'tahi-rU. a. (463). Pronounced in the throat, belonging to the throat. GuTTURALVEss, g^it'tshd-ral-nes. s. The quality of being guttural. Gutwort, gftt'wiirt. s. An herb. ToGuMLE, gAz'zl. v.n. (405). To • gormandize, to feed immoderately. To GuBZLE, gdft'zl. V. a. To swallow with immoderate gust Guzzler, giiz'zl-Ar. ». A gorman- dizer. Gybe, jibe. s. A sneer, a taunt, a sar- casm. To Gybe, jibe. v. n. To sneer, to taunt Gtmkastic ALL Y, jlra-n4s't6-K^-^. ad. AtiileticaUy, fitly for strong exercise Gymvastick, jini-6r-j^^ii. s. Armour to coyer the neck and breast flCj* This word is analogically accented on the second syilaWe j but Johnson, in all the editions of his Dicttonary, has the ac- cent on the first, though his authorities are against him. Uabilzmek7, hd-bil'i-m&it. s. Dress, clothes, garment. To Habilitate, ht-bll'^-tAte. y. a. To qualify, to entitle. Habilitation, h4-bil-6-tA'shftn. s. Qualification. Hability, h4-bil'^-ti. s. Faculty, pow^r. ,'. Habit, hihit. s. State of any thing, as habit of body; dress, accoutrement; ha- bit is a power or ability in man of doing any thing by frequent doing ; custom, in. veterate use. To Habit, hiblt. v. a. To drea», ac- coutre. Habitable, h4b'A-t4.b|. a. Capable of being dwelt in. Habztablekess, hdb'A-UL-bl-nas. s. Capacity of being dwelt in. Habitanc«| hdb'A-tdnse. s. Dwelling, abode. HAfinTANT^ h4b'6-t4nt. 3. Dweller, one that lives in any place. Habitation, hib-^.t4'sh(in. s. The act of dwelling, the sUte of a place re- ceiving dwellers ; a place of abode, dwel- Img. Habitator, h4b'*-t4.tiir. s. Dweller, inhabitant Habitual, h4-bltsh'ti-4l. a. (461). Customary, aecustomed, inveterate. Habitually, h4-bltah'il-4l-^.ad« Cus- tomarily, by habit Habitude, h4b'*-tiae. s. Familiarity, coniFerse, frequent intetcourse j Iwig cus- tom, ha^t, iayetenite use ^ thcpowerof HAH Abe, tftb, bAU;~AU;— pAind;-^^^, this. doiny any thing acquired by frequent re- petition. ^ Habnab, h4b'n4b. ad. At random, at the mercy of chance. To Hack, h4k. v. a. To cut mto small pieces, to chop ; to speak unreadily, or with hesiUtion. To Hack, h4k. v. n. To turn hacknev or prostitute. Hackle, hik'kl. s. (405). Raw sUk, any filmy substance unspun. To Hackle, h4k'kl. v. a. To dress flax. Hackney, h4k'ni. > ^ , . HACK,h4k. J s. A kred horse ; a hireling, a prostitute ; any thing set out for hire ; much used, common. To Hackney, h4k'n^^ ▼. a. To prac- tise in one thing, to aecustom to the road. Has, h4d. The preterit and nart* pass. of Have. '^ *^ HAnnocK, h4d'ddk. a. (166). A aea fish of the cod kind. Haft, h4ft s. (78) (79). A handle, tliat part of an instrument that is taken into the hand. To Haft, h4ft. v. a. To set in a haft HAG,h4g. 8. A ftiry, a she-monster; a witch, an enchantress j an old ugly wo- man. To Hag, h4g. v. a. To tortnent, to ha- rass with terror. Haggard, h4g'g4rd. a. Wild, untam- ed, irreclamable ; lean; u|^y, rugged, deformed. Haggard, h4g'g4rd. s. Any thing wild or irreclaimable ; a species of hawk. . HAGGARnLY,h4g'g4rd-l^.ad.Deform- edly, wildly. Haggish, h4g'gl8h. a. Of thje nature of a hag, deformed, horrid. To Haggle, hig^gU v. a. (405). To cut, to chop, to mangle. To Haggle, Mg'gLv.n. Tobe tedious m a bargain, to be long in coming to the Haggler, h4g'gl.flr. 8. (98). One that cuts ; one that is tardy in bargaining. Hah, hk. interject An expression of soiqeyuddeii effort. ^ HAL s\n HAL 47* (559)^FAte, ftr, fUl, ftt;— to*, m*tv-pbe, pin;— Hail* hilc. s. Drop» of rain frozen in 1 Half, hU. s, (78) (40 1 ). A moiety, one ^ of two equal parts ; it sometimes has a, . n. To pour down their falling. To Hail, Mte- v hiuL Hail, hile, interject. A term of saluta- tia«« «« , It To Hail, hAle. v. n. To salute, to call to. Hailbhot, hAle'shot, 9t Small shot scattered like bail. Hailstone, hile'stone. Sf A particle or single ball of hail. Hailt, h4'16. ad. -Consistmg of hail Hair, hire. s. One of the common te- guments of tbc body ; a single bair ; «ny thing proverbially small. Hairbhained, hire'brAn'd a. (359). Wild, irregular. * Hairbell, hirelj^l. s. TJie name of aflowerrthe hyacinth. Hairbreadth, hire^brdd^A. s. Avery small distance. Haircloth, hireltlft/A-s. Stuff made of hair, very rou^h and prickly, worn sometimes in mortification. HAiRLACE,h4re'li8e.s. Thefilletwith . -vrhich the women tic up their hair. Hairless, hire'l^s. a. Without hair. Hairiness, hi/rt-nfts. s. The state of being covered with hair. Hairy, hiVi.a.OvergPown with hair; consisting of hair. Hake, hAke. s. A kind offish. Hakot, hak'dt. s. (166). A kind of fish. "• Halberd, hMl'bArd. s. (98). AbatUe-» axe fixed on a long pole. Halberdieh, h^ll-btir-d^^r'. s, One ' "who is armed with a halberd. Halcyon, hil'shd-dn. 8.(166). Abird that is said to breed in the sea, and that there is always a cfdni during her incu- bation. Halcyon, hil'shi-ikn. a. (357), Placid, quiet, still. Hale, hile. a. Healthy, sound, hear ty. To Hale, hAJe, or hAwl. v. a. To drag by force^ to pull violently. JC7* Th" word, in familiar language, is corrupted beyond recovery into haul,- but solemn speaking still requires the regular ^und, rhyming with pale; the other found would, in this case, be gross and vulgfar.— See To Haul. Haler, hAIAr, or hiwl'iir. s. (98). He ^yrbo pu])s andhales. plural signification when a number is di- vided. Half, hif. ad. In part, equal. Half*blood, h&fblAd. s. One not bom of the same father and mother. Half-blooded, h&fbldd-^d. a.Meati, degenerate. Half-faced, hiffAst^a. (362). Show- ing only part of the face. Half-heard, hifh^rd. a. Imperfect- ly heard. HALF-MO0K,h2Lf-mMn'. s. The moon in its appearance when at half increase or decrease. Half-penny, h4'p^n-n6. s« A copper coin, of which two make a penny, OCj* This word is not only deprived of half its sound, but even what is iefti»groBsly corrupted t sounding the ii as in na/ft is provincial and rustic. HALF-FikE,h&fpikc. s. The small pike carried by officers. Half-seas-over, hifsiz-i'v^r. a. A proverbial expression for one far advan- ced. It It commonly used for one half- drunk. Half-Sphere, h^fsft&re. s, Hemls^ pher^. Half-strained, MPstrin'd. a. Half bred, imperfect. ^ Half-sword, hifsArd. s. ClQse fight Half-wat, hifwA. ad. In the mid- die. Haef-wit, haPwU. a. A blockhead, a fix>li8h fellow. Halibut, h6rR-bfit. s. A sort of fish. Halimass, h6n^*mfts. s. The feast of AH souls. Halituovs, h4-lUsh'i-(is. ad. (463). Vaporous, famous. Hall, h&U. a. A court of justice; a manor-house, so c^ed because in it were held courts for. the tenants; the public room of a corporation ; the first large room at the entrance of a house. Hallelujah, h^-lWdd'yi. s. Praise ye the Lord! A song of thanksgiving. Halloo, h4l-ld6^ interject. A word of encoura^ment whpn dogs are let loose on their game. To Halloo, hal-166'. v. n. To cry as af^er the dogs. To Halloo, hil-WA\ v. a. To encou- rage with shouts i to chase with shocks, to call or ^out to. .« HAM 519 HAN aA^mATe) A^r, n6t;— ^tfibe, tdb, bfiIl;-^U; — ^p^tind ;— -/Ain, this. To Hallow, h&ri6« v. a. To conse- cratey to make holy ; to reverence aa holy, aa, Hallowed be Uiy name ! C3* In pronouncing the Lord's Prayer, aometimes hear the participle of this word pronounced like that of the word to Hollow. This arises fiom not attending^ to the distinction made by syllabication between the single and double /.• the dou ble / inrthe same syllable deepens the a to the broadest sound, as in tail/ but when one of the liquids is carried off to the next syllable, the a has its short and slen- derer sound, as tallofa : the aame may be observed of Hall and hallow, &c. — See Principles, No. 85. H ALLUciN ATioH, hftl'l&-9^-n4'sh&n. s. Errow, blunder', mistake. Halm, hiwm. s. Straw. |C7* This is Dr. Johnson's pronunciatkin of '^o Hammer, him'miir. y. n. To this word. Halo, hkl6. s. A red circle round the. sun or moon. Halser, h^w'sikr. s. A rope less than a cable. ToHALTfhIdt. v«n. To limp, to be lame ; to stop in a march ; to hesitate, to stand dubious ; to fail, to falter. Halt, h41t. a. Lamey crippled. Halt, hidU s. The act of limping, the manner of limping ; a stop in a march. Halter, hM'tdr. s. He who limps. Halter, hiU'ti!kr. s. A rope to hang malefactors ; a cord, a strong string. To Halter,- hil'tftr. v. a. To bind - with a cord ; to catch in a noose. To^ Halve, hiv. r. a. (78). To di- vide into two parts. Halves, hitvz. s. Plural of Half. Halves, hivz. interject. An expres* aion by which any one lays claim to an equal, share. Ham J. him. s. The hip, the hinder part of the articulation of the thigh ; the thigh of a liog salted. Hamlet, him'lht. s« (99). A small village. Hammer, him'mdr. s. (98). The instrument, consisting of a long handle and heavy head, with which any thing is forced or driven. Hammerclotet, hdm'mATpen. H4PLT, hdpl^. ad; Perhaps, perad- ▼enture, it may be ; by chance, by acci- dent. . Hapless, bHplte* a. Unhappy, unfor- tunate, luckless. To Happen, hdp'p'n. v. n. (405). To fidl out by chance, to come to pass ; to light OB by accident Happily, hip'p^-1^. ad. Fortunately, luckily, successftiily i addressfuUy, grace- fully, without labour} in a slate of feli- city. Happiness, h&p'p^-nds. s. Felicity, state in which the desires are satisfied ; good luck, ffood fortune. I^APPY, hap'p^. a. In a state of felicity ; lucky, successfiil, fortunate; addressfiil, ready. Harangue, h4-rdng^. s. (337). A ^leech, a popular oration. To Harangue, hd-r4ng'. v. n. To make a speech. Haranguer, hd-rang'dr. s. An orator, a public speaker. To Harass, hir'is. v. a. To weary, to fatigue. Harass, h^as. s. Waste, disturb- ance. Harbinger, hir^in-jOr. s. A fore- ninnei', a precursor. Harbour, hdr'bAr. s. (314). A lodg- ing, a place of entertainment ; a port or haven for shipping; an asylum, a shel- ter. To Harbour, hir'bi&r. v.n. To receive entertainment, to sojourn. bAll^— dD;— p&£aid;— /Ain, this. To Harbour, hftr^bdr. v. a. To enter- Uun, to permit to reside ; to shelter, \o securfe. Harbourage, hftr1)ftr-ije. s. (90), " Shelter, entertainment Harbourer^ h&r1>iir-iir. s. (98). One that entertains another. Harbourless, hir1) Hardihood, h4r'di-h6d. (307). 3 *' Stoutness, bravery. Obsolete. Hari>im£nt, hir'dd-m^nt.s. Courage, stoutness, bravery, act of bravery. Hardiness, hir'd^-nds. s. Hardship, fatigue; stoutness, courage, bravery; ef- frontery, confidence. Hardlabourbd, h&rd-li'bAr'd. a. (362). EUborate, studied. Hardly, hird'l^. ad. With difficulty, not easily; scarcely, scant; grudgingly; H AR 523 H Alt jT" (559)^— Fdte, ftr, ftll, fSLt;— m^ m4t;— pine, pb ; — severely ; njjorously, oppressively j harsh> ly ; not tenderly, not deli<;ately. Hardmouthed, hird-m66TH'd'. a. Disobedience to the rein, not sensibte of the bit. Hardness, h&rd'n^s. s. Power of resistance in bodies ; difficulty to. be un- derstood ; difficulty to be accomplished ; scarcity, pcniu-y; obscurity, profligate- ness; coarseness, harshness of look; keenness, vehemence of weather or seasons ; cruelty of temper, savac^^* ness, harslmess ; faulty, parsimony, stin- giness. Hardock, h&rM&k. s. I suppose the same with Burdock. Hards, hkrdz. s. The refuse or coarser part of fla^ic. ■ ' Ha&dship, Mrd'shlp. s. Injury, op- pression ; inconvenience, fatigfue. Hardware, hirdV^. s. Manufac- tures of metal. Hardwarehan, h&rdViLre-niiD. s A maker or seller of metalline manufac< tures. Hardt, h&r'dd. a* Bold, brave, stout, daring ; strong, hard, firm. Hare, h&re. s. A small quadruped, remarkable for timidity, vigilance, and fecundity ; a constellation. Harebell, hAre'Ml. •» A blue flower of the bell shape. Harebrained, hire'brin'd. a. Vola- tile, unsettled, wild. Harefoot, h&re'f(it. s. A bird; an herb. Harelip, h^re'llp. s. A fissure in the upper lip with want of substance. Haresear, hirz'^^r. s. A plant. Harier, hiVr6-Ar. s. A dog for hunt- ing Iiares. (C3* Eitlicr the spelling or tlic pronuncia- tion of this word should be altered. The spelling necessarily requires the a long, as in hare; and Uie pronunciation de- mands the r to be doubled. The most rational alteration would be to pronounce it witli the a long, and to let the other pronunciation be considered as the lan- guage of the stable and tlie field* See Leash. To Hark, hirk. v. n. To listen. Hark, hirk, interject- List! hear! listen ! IIarl, hirl. s. The filaments of flax j any filamentous substance. Harlequin, hir'l^-khi. s. (415). A buffoon who plays ti'icks to divcK tie pc< • pulace^ a J&ckpudding. Harlot, hir'ltit. s. (166). A whores ft strumpet Harlotry, hirl6t-r4. s* The trade of a harlot, fornication ; a name of con- tempt for a woman. Harm, h&rm. s. Injury, crime, wicked- ness ; mischief, detriment, hurt. To Harm, h4rm. v. a- To hurt, to in- jure. % Harmful, E&rm'fiU. a. Hurtful, mis- chievous. Harmfully, hArm'f(d-^. ad. Hurtful- ly, noxiously. HARMFULN£sS)h&rm'f(il-n^. s.Hurt- fiilness, mischievottsnestf. Harmless, b&rml£s. a. Innocent, in- noxious, nothurtM; unhurt, undamag- ed. Harmlessly, h^rm^^l^. ad« Inno" cently, without hurt, without crime. Harmlessness, h&rm'Ids-n^s. s. Inr nocence, freedom fit>m inimy or hurt. Harmonigal, h&r-m6n^-kil. > Harmonick, h^r-mon'ik. (503).^ ^* Adapted to each other, musical. Ha&moniovs, h&r-mo'ni-^. a. Adapt- ed to each other, baring the parts pro- portioned to each other; musical. Harmoniously, h&r-m6'n^-£^I^. ad. With lust adaption and proportion of parts to each other ; musically, with coocora. of sounds. Harmoniousness, hir-m&'n^-iis-ois. 8. Proportion, musicalness. To Harmonize, h&r^m^-nize. Y.a. To adjust in fit proportions. Harmony, Ii4r'm6-n^. s. The just adi^ion of one part to another ; jubf pro- portion of sound ; concord, correspondent sentiment. Harness, h&r'n^s. s. Armour, defen- sive fiutiiture of war; the traces of drauglit horses, particularly of carriages . of pleasure. To Harness, hir'n^s. v. a. To dress» in armour ; to fix horses in their traces. Harp, h4rp« s. A lyre, an instrimient strung wiUi wire and struck with the fin- ger ; a constellation. To Harp, h&i-p. v. n. To play on the harp ; to touch any passion ; to dwell vex- atiously on one subject. Harper, h^r'par. s.(98). A player on the harp. Harping iron* hir'ping P^m* s. A bearded dail with a Hue fastened to the handle, with whieli whales are struck and caught H AR 523 HAS aAy m&ve, n6r, n6t;— 4ibc, tAb, bAll;-^ll;--p6Andf— /Ain, this. i?AiiPOONER, hJtr-p6-ni^r'. s. He that throws the hurpoon. HarpooV} hAr-p6dn'. s. A harping infti. HARPsiCHORt), hiLrp'sd-k6rd. a. A musical instrument. Harpy, hir'p^. s. The harpies were a kind of birds which had the faces of women, and foul long claws, very filthy creatures ; a ravenous wretch. Harquebuss, h&r^w^-bAs. s. A band|^uA. HARquEBUssxKR, hip-kw^-bAs-sWr'. s. (275). One armed with a harquebuss. Harridaiy, h&r'ri-ddn. s. A decayed strumpet. Harrow, hir'rA. s. A frame of tim- bers croMiDg each other, and set with teeth. To Harrow, hfc'rA. v. a. To bi^ak with the harrow ; to tear up ; to rip up ; to pillage, to strip, to lay waste ; to in- vaae, to harass with incursions ; to dls- turb, to put into commotion. Harrower, b&r'rA-^ir. s. He who harrows ; a kind of hawk. To Harrt, h&r'r^. v. a. To tease, to ruffle ; in Scotland it signi6es to rob, plun der, or oppress. Harsh, h&rsh. a. Austere, rough, sour; rough to the ear ; crabbed, morose ; peevish; rugged to the touch; unpleas< ing, rigorous. Harshly, kirshl^. ad. Sourly, aus- terely to the palate ; with violence, in op- position to gentleness ; severely, morose* ly, crabbedly ; ruggedly to the ear. Harshness, h^rsh'n^s. s. Sourness, Mistere taste $ roughness to the.ear ; rug- ^dness to the touch ; crabbedness, peev. ishness. Hart, hirt. s. A he-deer of the large kind, the male of the roe. Hartshorn, hMs'h^m. s« Spirit drawn from horn. Hartshork, hirts'hdm. s. An herb Harvest, hir'vdst. s. The season of reaping and fathering the com ; the com ripened, gathered^ and inned ; the pro- duct of labour. Harvest-home, hir'v^st-h6me. s. The song which the reapers sing at the feast made for having inned tlie harvest s the opportunity of gathering treasure. Harvest-lord, har'vist-ldrd. s. The head reaper at the harvest Harvester; hir'vis-tdur. s. One who -iw%iriis at the harvest Harvestman, h4r'v^t-mdn. s. A labourer in han^est. Has, hfb. s. The third person singu- lar of the verb To have. Cjf- There is some reason in the custom adopted by the profound and ingenious author of tlie Philosophy of Rhetoric, where he makes the third persons of verbs end in th, when the succeeding word begins with #, to avoid the want of dis- tinction between the final and initial #, and he giveth #rtiera/ examples of this i but this is only avoiding in one instance what cannot be avoided m a thousand ; and as the lisping sound is not tlie most respecta- ble part of our lang^ge, and requires more effort than the simple hiss, it may, except in very solemn language, be veiy well laid aside. To Hash, h&sh, v. a. Xo mince, to chop into small pieces and mingle. Haslet, C hi'slit. ? ^ ^. Harslet, I hkr'Mu 5 *' ^^^ heart, liver, and fights of a hog, with th« windpipe and part of the throat to it Hasp, hisp, s. (79). A claap folded over a staple, and fastened as with a piui- lock. To Hasp, hisp. v. n. To shut with a hasp. ^ Hassock, h^'sfik. s. (166). A ihiok mat on which men kneel at church. Hast, jhdst. The second person sin- gular of Have. Haste, histe. s. (74^, Hurry, speed, nimbleness, precipitation ; passion, vehe- mence. To Haste, hAste* (472). > To Hasten, hi'sn. (405). > To make haste, to be in a hurry ; to move with swiftness. To Haste, histe. ? ^ . ..^^. To Hasten, hi'sn. 5 ^' *' ^*^^^- To pass forward, to urge on, to precipi- tate. Hasteker, hiL'sn-dr. s. (98). One that hastens or hurries. Hastily, his't^-l^. a. In a hurry^ speedily, nimbly, quickly ; rashly, precipi. tately ; passionately, with vehemence. Hastiness, h^s'te-nSs. s. Haste, speed ; hurry, precipitation ; angry testi- ness, passionate vehemence. Hastings, hAs'tlngz, s. Pease that come early. Hasty, h^s't^. a. Quick, speedy j passionate, vehement ; mh, precipitate ; early ripe. V. n« HAT 134 H AU l«-.n6y inAve, n6r, n6t ;-i*toc, tftb, Hasty-pudding, hia-t^-pWing. s. A pudding made of milk and flour boiled quick together. Hat, h^t. s. (74). A cover for the head. Hatband, h^t'band. 3.(88). A string Ued round the hat. Hatcase, h4t'k4se. s. A. slight box for a hat. To Hatch, hitsh. v, a. To produce young from eggs j to quicken the eggs by incubation; to form by meditation, to contrive -, to shade by lines in drawing or graving. To Hatch, h4tsh. v. n. To be in the state of growing auick i to be in a state of advance towards effect. Hatch, hitsh, s. A brood excluded from Uie egg ; the act of exclusion from the egg ; u^ disclosure, discovery ; the half-door} in the plural, the doors, or * openings by which they descended from one deck or floor of a snip to another j to be under hatches, to be in a state of igno- miny, poverty, or depression. To Hatchel, hikOd. v. a. To beat flax so as to separate the fibrous from the brittle part. Hatchel, hdklcl. s. The instrument, with which flax is beaten. Hatcheller, kdk'kl-Ar. s. A beater of flax. Hatchet, hdtshlt. s. (99> A small axe. Hatchet-face, hitsh'lt-filse. s. An ugly face. Hatchment, h&tsh'm^nt s- Anno rial escutcheon placed over a door at a funeral. Hatchway, htoh'wA. s. The way over or througU the batches. To Hate, hite. v. a. (74). To detest, to abhor, to abominate. Hate, hite. s. Malignity, detestation Hateful, hite'f£a. a. That which causes abhorrence ; odious, abhorrent, , malignant, malevolent Hatefully, hite'fiil-^.ad. Odiously, abominably ; malienantly, maliciously. .HATEFULNEss,hate'ft!il-n^s. s. Odi- ousnesa. Hater, h^'tAr. s. (98). One that hates. Hath, hith. The third person sin- gular of the verb To have; now seldom , ufied bat in solemn compositions. See Has. btd! ;— 611 ;-^tod ;— /Ain, this. Hatred, hd'tr&d. s. Hate^^ ill-wHl, malignity. To HATTER,.h4t'tir. v. a. To harass, to weary. ^ Hatter, hSt'tftp. s. (98). A maker of hats. Hattock, hit'tOk. s. (166). A shock of corn. Hauberk, b&w^b^rk. s. (2ia)« A coat of mail. To Have, hiv. v. a. X75). Pret. and Part pass. Had. To carry, to wear; to possess ; to obtain, to enjoy ; to contain ; to be a husband or wife to another : it is most used in £nglish, as in other Euro- pean languages, as an auxiliary verb to make the tenses. Have thepreterperfect, and Had the preterpluperfect : Have at, or with, is an expression denoting reso- lution to make some attempt Haven, hiVn. s. (103). A port, a harbour, a safe station for ships ; a shel- ter, an a|vlum. Haveri fiiv'dr. s. (98). Possessor, holder. Haugh, hkWf s. A little meadow ly- ing in a valley. ^CJ^ This word, though for ages obsolete, or heard only in the proper names of Fe- therttonehaugk, Phiiiphaugh, &c. seems to have risen from the dead in the late whimsical deception we tfieet with in some gardens, where wc are suddenly stopped by a deep valley wholly imper, ceptible till we come to the edge of it. The expression of sraprise. Hah f hah f which g^eraUy breaks. out upon a dis- covery of the deception, is commonly supposed to be the origin of this word : but the old word HaughAs so nearly re- lated to the signification of tlie new terra haw, hatoy that it seems much the more . natural parent of it HAUGHTjhkwt* a« Haughty, insolent, proud. Haughtily, hiw't^-l^. ad. Proudly, arrogantly. Haughtiness, hliw't^-aies* s. Pride, arrogance. Haughty, hiw't^. a. (393). Proud« lofty, insolent, arrogant, contemptuoos ; proudly great. Having, hav'ing. s. Possession, es- tate, fortune ; the act or state of possess. ' ing ; behaviour, regularii^'. Haviour, hi'v6-iir. s. Conduct, man- ners. To Haul, hiwi. v. a. To puU, to draw, to drag by vioWnce.— See H au. HAW «3t Hj: A ^ Thirword U in moefreqiient u«e thMk Hawtrorh, h&wVMro. a. Beloaeintf *^j*^ J" *^'- "S* •""*? **'^'? .' *° *« ^■'** *•»"» « c«»»irti«g of ^ •bade of difference in lUmeaninr.ToAofe thorn •eems to signify the fo«m^ or an^ng- To Haw, hkw. v. n. To speak slowly SJ4S:f;^ra;;^'eX'ri| ^ '^-- ImennlMion'^SheJ: in sea busineM» or on ludicrous occasions ' 1 to a person, s*. To pull and haul one about. Haul, hliwl. dragping- HAUM9 hftii ». Pull) violence in B. (213). Straw. HauvcH) h&ntsh. s. (2U). The thigfa» the hind hip ; the rear, the hind part. To Haunt, hint. V. a. To frequent, „ ui /,_jl to be much about any. place or peMon ; it } HAWKER, hftw kOr. 9. (9«). One Who is used frequentiy in an ill sense of one *"*"* .™— k« ^-^^i.:«»: — ^u — •_ ^ii_ that comes unwelcome ; it is eminently Hawk, h4wk. ». A bii^ of prey, used much anciently in sport to catch other birds ; an effort to force phlegm up the throat. To Hawk, h&wk. ▼. n. To fly hawks at fowls : to fl v at, to attack on the wing; to force up phlegm with a noise ; to sell by proclaimmg in the streets. Hawked, hWkM. a. (366). Formed like a hawk's bill. used in apparitions. ^ This word was in quiet possession of its true sound till a late dramatic piece made its appearance, which, to the sur- priae of those who had heard the language spoken half a century, was^by some speak- ers, called the Haunted Tover. This was •ertainlythe improvement of some critick in the language ; ibr a nlain common speaker would undoubtedly have pro< nomieedthe on, tis in wmtfjaunttkc and as it had. always, been pronounced in the Drummer, or the Hauwud ffoute. That thip pronunciation is agreeable to analogy, see Principles, No. 214. To Haunt, h&nt. v. n. To be much about^ to appear frequently. Haunt, hknt. s. Place in which one is frequently found ; habit of being in a certain place. Hauntrr, hin'tfir. a. (98). Frequent er, one that b often found in any place. Havock, hiv'vflk. s.(166). Waste, wide and general devastation. If AYOCK, hiv'viik. interject. A word of encouragement to slaughter. To Havoc K, bftv'vAk. v. a. To waste, to destroy. Hautboy, hi'b^^.s, A wind instru- ment. Hautboy Strawberry, h6'b66. s. See Strawberry. IIaw, hkw. s. The berry and seed of the hawthorn ; ahed^ ; an excrescence in the eye ; a small piece of ground ad- joining to an house, Kawthorn^ hkw'Mm, s. The thorn that bears ha.^; th« white th^, sella wares by proclaiming them in t&e streets. Hawkweed, h4wkV6M« s. A plant* Hawses, h&w'slz. s. (99). Twb round holes under a ship's head or beak,throttgh wliich tlie cables pass. Hay, h4. s. Grass dried to fodder cattle in winter ; a kind of dance. Haymaker, h&'m4'k(ir. s. One em* pk>yed in dxring grass for hay. Hazard, haz'ora. s. (88). Chance accident ; danger, chance of danger ; a game at dice. To Hazard, h&z^Ard. t. a. To ex- pose to chance. To Hazard, hiz'Ard. v. n. To try the chance ; to adventure. Hazard ABLE, h&z'Ar-dft-bl. a. Ven-^ turesome, liable to chance. Hazarder, h&z'Ar-dAr. s. He who hazards. Hazardry, h^^Ar«dri. s. Tetaierityy predpitation. Hazardous, hiz^Ar^dAs* a. Danger- ous, exposed to chance. Hazardously, hlz'Ar^tkB-lL ad. With danger of chance. Haze, h4ze, s. Fog, mist* Hazel, hiLVl. s. (103). A nut'trec. Hazel, h4Vl. a. Light brown, of the colour of hazel. Hazelly, h^VM. a. Of the colour of hazel, flight brown. Hazy, h^'z^. a. Dark, foggy, misty. ^ He, h^^. pron. Oblique case Him ; ' Hur. They, Oblique case Them. The man that was named before ; the mim« the person ; man, or male being; male» as a He bear, a He goat. Head, hM. (234). The part of the animi4 that contains the brainer the orgaa 3D H £ A 536 AEA iT {55d).— Fitc, ar, ftil> ftt ;— tn*i m*t ;-i-plne, plnj of scnsatibti or thought; chief, principal persdn, one to n^hom the rest are subor- dinate ; place of honour, the &*st place ; tmderstandififr* faculties of the mind ; re- sistance, hostile oppositions state of a deer*s hdms, by which his age is known ; the top of any Uiing bijjjpep than the rest ; the fore part of any thing, as of a ship ; that which rises on the top of liquors ; up- per part of abed ; dress of the head ; principal topicks of discourse ; source of a stream ; crisis, pitch » it is very impro- perly applied to roots. to Head* hW. v. a. To lead, to in- flu^nce, to direct, to govern; to behead, to kill by taking away the head ; to fit any thing with a heady or principal part ; • jto iop trees at the top. Headach, hM'ike. s. (355). Pain in • the head^ Headband, hWband. s. A fillet for /"the head, a topknot ; ther band to each end of a book. Headborouoh, hWb^-r6# s. Aeon- stable, a subordinate constable. Headdre^, h^d'drds. s. The cover- ing of a woman's head ; any thing re- sembling a head-dress. Header, h^d'ddr. s. (9^). One that heads nails or pins, or the like ; the first brick in the angle, Headiness, hWd^-n&- s. Hurry, rashness, stubbornness, precipitation, ob- stinacy. Headland, hWl4nd.s. Promontory, cape ; ground under hedges. Headless, h^d'l^s. a. Without an head« beheaded ; without a chief ; obsti- nate, inconsiderate, ignorant. Headlong, hWl6ng. a. Rash, thoughtless; sudden, precipitate. Headlong, hWlong. ad. With the head foremost ; rashly, without thought, precipitately ; hastily, without delay or respite. Headpiece, h^d'p^^se. s. Armour for the head, helmet; understanding, force of mind. ^ Headquarters, hW-kwJir'tArz. s. The place of general rendezvous, or lodg- ment for soldiers, where the commander in chief takes up his quarters. Headship, h^d'ship. «. Dignity, au- thority, chi^f plaoe. Headsman, h6dz'm^. a. (88). Exe- cutioner. Headstall, hW'stlOl. s. (406). Part <)f the bridle that covers the head. HeadstokE, hM'st6ne. s. The first or capitlsl stone. Headstrong, h^d'strong. a. Unre- strained, violent, unTOvemable. He AD WORKMAN, hld-wf^fk'iridn. s. The foreman. Heady, hSd'dd* a^ Rash, precipitate^ hasty, violent ; apt to affect the head. To Heal, hAle. v.a, (2|27), To cure a person ; to restore from hurt, siekneas, or wound; to reconcile; as, he healed all dissentions. To Heal, h^le. v. n. Togrowwelh Healer, hde'ftr. s. One who cures or heals. Healing, h^le'lng. part. a. Mild, mollifying, gentle, assuasive. HEALtH, Mith. s. (234). Freedom from bodily paiii or sickness ; welftre of mind, punty, goodness ; salvation, pros- perity ; wish of happiness in drinking. Healthful, MM'ftl a. Free from sickness; well disposed; wholesome; sa- lubrious ; salutary, productive of salva- tion. Healthfully, b^U/t'ftd-^. ad. Isi health ; wholesomely. Healthfulnjbss, h^UA'f&l-n^s. ». State of being well t wholesomeness. Healthily, heUA'^-1^. ad. Without sickness. Healthiness, hiUh'i-n&s, s. The fiUte of health. Healthless, hiUhlis. a. Weak, sickly, infirm. Healthsome, h^UA'sAm. a. Whole- some, salutary. Healthy, hiUh'L a. In health, free from sickness. Heap, h^pe. s. (227). Many single things thrown together, a pile ; a crowds a throng, a rabble ; cluster, number dri- ven together. To H?ap, h^pe. V. a. To throw on heaps, to pile, to throw tocether ; to ac- cumulate, to lay up ; to add to something else. Heaper, hc'pflr. s. (98). One that makes piles or heaps. Heapy, h^'pi. a. Lying in heaps. To Hear, h^re. v. n. (227). To en- joy the sense by which words are distin- guished ; to listen, to hearken ; tobetoldj to have an account. To Hear, J^^re. y. a. To perceive by the ear ; to give an audience, or aUow- tnce to speak ; to attend, to listen to, 4o HE A 52r , HE A •bey; to try, to attend judiciatty ; to at- tend favourably ; to acknowledge. HsAHD, bird. (234). The preterit of To hear. |C7* We frequently hear tWs word pro- nounced so a« to rhyme with Reared. But if this were the true sound, it ought to be written hettredy and considered as re-