Prevalence and factors associated with psychological aggression and physical punishment among children aged 12 to 59 months in Malaysia: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2022
Nurul Haniyah Rosslan, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Muhammad Hanafi Bakri, Norzawati Yoep · 2026
Read Prevalence and factors associated with psychological aggression and physical punishment among children aged 12 to 59 months in Malaysia: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2022 by Nurul Haniyah Rosslan, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Muhammad Hanafi Bakri, Norzawati Yoep (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13637403.txt.
Description
Nurul Haniyah Rosslan and three colleagues published this 2026 analysis of harsh discipline against toddlers and preschoolers in Malaysia. The data come from the country's 2022 National Health and Morbidity Survey, a nationally representative household study. Caregivers of more than thirteen thousand children aged one to just under five reported discipline used in the past month. Psychological aggression meant harsh scolding or hurtful name-calling. Physical punishment covered shaking, spanking, and hitting with a hand or object.
Well over half the children had faced psychological aggression in that month, and two in five had been physically punished. Both forms climbed steeply with the child's age across the toddler years. Boys received physical punishment more often than girls. The authors recommend folding proven positive-parenting programs into routine maternal and child health services and community platforms. Their figures give Malaysian policymakers a national baseline for tracking whether gentler discipline spreads.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Nurul Haniyah Rosslan, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Muhammad Hanafi Bakri, Norzawati Yoep |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 28864 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |