Preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review
Nagwa Gad, Hyder O. Mirghani, Abdalla Ali Abdalla, Asmaa Ghmaird, Razaz Baattiah, Mai T. Sindi, Manal Albalawi · 2026
Read Preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review by Nagwa Gad, Hyder O. Mirghani, Abdalla Ali Abdalla, Asmaa Ghmaird, Razaz Baattiah, Mai T. Sindi, Manal Albalawi (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13597867.txt.
Description
Diabetes in a mother before or during pregnancy has been linked to autism in her children across many studies, and an umbrella review weighed all those syntheses at once. Nagwa Gad and co-authors carried out that review in this 2026 paper. It covers type one, type two, and pregnancy-onset diabetes as separate exposures.
Following standard reporting rules, the team gathered the published meta-analyses and graded their consistency and strength. Umbrella reviews sit at the top of the evidence pyramid but inherit every flaw of the reviews below. Parents and clinicians need a sober answer here, since diabetes in pregnancy is common and autism fears run high. The paper separates what the pooled record supports from what it merely suggests.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Nagwa Gad, Hyder O. Mirghani, Abdalla Ali Abdalla, Asmaa Ghmaird, Razaz Baattiah, Mai T. Sindi, Manal Albalawi |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 37 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |