Stage-specific MSC spheroid fusion enables bottom-up formation of stage-defined hierarchical cartilage graft
Yen-Liang Liu, Yun-Chieh Lin, Yi-Chen Tsai, Chun-Che Yen, Chun-Yi Chiang, Pen-Jung Hung, Yu-Ting Huang, Chih-Hung Chang, Feng-Huei Lin, Hwa-Chang Liu · 2026
Read Stage-specific MSC spheroid fusion enables bottom-up formation of stage-defined hierarchical cartilage graft by Yen-Liang Liu, Yun-Chieh Lin, Yi-Chen Tsai, Chun-Che Yen, Chun-Yi Chiang, Pen-Jung Hung, Yu-Ting Huang, Chih-Hung Chang, Feng-Huei Lin, Hwa-Chang Liu (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13579038.txt.
Description
Yen-Liang Liu and co-authors grow cartilage grafts by fusing tiny balls of stem cells at set stages of growth, in a 2026 study. Joint cartilage has a layered build that lab grafts rarely match. Balls of cells, called spheroids, can be stacked like bricks, but how ripe each ball is may decide how well the stack knits.
Young balls fused more readily than ripe ones, while adding raw stem cells helped ripe balls knit and erased seams. Stacking balls aged 3, 7, and 14 days in order gave a graft with layer-like zones of cartilage matrix. A raw cell layer also bonded the graft to a bone stand-in. In a small pig pilot with two animals, the grafts fit the defects and met host tissue, though the team stress the test was too small to judge repair quality.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Yen-Liang Liu, Yun-Chieh Lin, Yi-Chen Tsai, Chun-Che Yen, Chun-Yi Chiang, Pen-Jung Hung, Yu-Ting Huang, Chih-Hung Chang, Feng-Huei Lin, Hwa-Chang Liu |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 72 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |