Diagnostic Testing After Positive Cell‐Free DNA Screening for Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Clinical and Socioeconomic Determinants
Blair K. Stevens, Sarah Araji, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Randy Liu, Lauren Westerfield, Michael Wassef, Dejian Lai, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Meera Krishnan, Charlotte Lawrence, Siddharth K. Prakash · 2026
Read Diagnostic Testing After Positive Cell‐Free DNA Screening for Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Clinical and Socioeconomic Determinants by Blair K. Stevens, Sarah Araji, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Randy Liu, Lauren Westerfield, Michael Wassef, Dejian Lai, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Meera Krishnan, Charlotte Lawrence, Siddharth K. Prakash (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13571795.txt.
Description
Stevens and colleagues ask who confirms a prenatal screening result with a diagnostic test, and who does not. Blood based screening can flag a sex chromosome variation, an extra or missing X or Y chromosome. Only a procedure such as amniocentesis can confirm it, and many flags prove false. Their 2026 study reviews 692 patients with positive screening results who had counseling at two centers between 2014 and 2024.
Only one patient in four took diagnostic testing. Those who did were older, lived in richer areas, came to counseling earlier, and more often held commercial insurance. Testing rates ran higher for non Hispanic Asian patients. They ran lower for non Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients, and lower when the screen suggested variations. In adjusted models, deprivation and insurance type were the drivers, while Spanish preference and interpreter use tracked with lower uptake. Access, not choice, shapes follow through.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Blair K. Stevens, Sarah Araji, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Randy Liu, Lauren Westerfield, Michael Wassef, Dejian Lai, Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, Meera Krishnan, Charlotte Lawrence, Siddharth K. Prakash |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 23 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |