Arterial–Venous Balance in the Human Renal Vasculature: Renal–Aortic and Renal–Caval Ratios and Factors on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Grzegorz Wróbel, Tadeusz Kuder, Agnieszka Radowicz-Chil, Kinga Pirsztuk, Ryszard Maciejewski, Piotr Lewitowicz, Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka · 2026
Read Arterial–Venous Balance in the Human Renal Vasculature: Renal–Aortic and Renal–Caval Ratios and Factors on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography by Grzegorz Wróbel, Tadeusz Kuder, Agnieszka Radowicz-Chil, Kinga Pirsztuk, Ryszard Maciejewski, Piotr Lewitowicz, Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13566656.txt.
Description
Grzegorz Wróbel and co-authors measured balance between kidney arteries and veins on CT scans in 2026. A single vessel width is hard to compare between people of differing body sizes. Ratios to the parent trunk give a fairer scale, and an artery ratio was already in use.
The team defined matching vein ratios and factors and read scans from nearly twelve hundred patients, covering both kidneys. The mean artery ratio and vein ratio are reported. When a kidney had several vessels, single-vessel ratios fell while summed-area factors rose, in parallel for arteries and veins. All four measures ran higher in men. Angles at the two trunks pointed in opposite directions, the largest effect in the study.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Grzegorz Wróbel, Tadeusz Kuder, Agnieszka Radowicz-Chil, Kinga Pirsztuk, Ryszard Maciejewski, Piotr Lewitowicz, Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 45 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |