Programmed cell death-related gene S100A9 promotes macrophage M1 polarization and chondrocyte apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis
Qingyuan Xu, Jinfu Liu, Qiang Ding, Canbin Zhao, Weiwei Wang, Hao Li, Chicheng Niu, Wei Chen, Ping Zeng, Donghui Guan, Ronghua Zhang · 2026
Read Programmed cell death-related gene S100A9 promotes macrophage M1 polarization and chondrocyte apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis by Qingyuan Xu, Jinfu Liu, Qiang Ding, Canbin Zhao, Weiwei Wang, Hao Li, Chicheng Niu, Wei Chen, Ping Zeng, Donghui Guan, Ronghua Zhang (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13563810.txt.
Description
Qingyuan Xu and ten colleagues build a rheumatoid arthritis model from patterns of programmed cell death, then single out one gene as a lever. Cell death routines shape diseases, and their joint role in this autoimmune joint disease was unmapped. Their 2026 team fed eighteen death patterns into a model built from 113 combinations of twelve learning algorithms, checking it across eight gene datasets, single-cell and bulk. Two patient clusters emerged, differing in macrophage numbers, which flagged those immune cells as central.
One gene, S100A9, stood out in the model. In arthritic mice it ran high in joint lining tissue alongside aggressive M1-type macrophages. Silencing it with a gene snippet cooled joint inflammation, spared cartilage, cut the M1 shift, and raised a survival protein in cartilage cells. Dish experiments agreed. The authors propose blocking S100A9 as a treatment aimed at the macrophage engine of the disease.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Qingyuan Xu, Jinfu Liu, Qiang Ding, Canbin Zhao, Weiwei Wang, Hao Li, Chicheng Niu, Wei Chen, Ping Zeng, Donghui Guan, Ronghua Zhang |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 52345 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |