Placental and juvenile immune responses to maternal immune activation are differentially regulated by sex chromosomes and gonads across gestation
Stephanie Salia, Nadine T. Burry, Meagan E. Hinks, Kerri M. Sparkes, Alison M. Randell, Alexandre S. Maekawa, Nicole Reid, Lucas F. Fowler, Rachel Q. Kelly, Jai-Lynn Francis, Madison C. Youden, Stephanie H.G. Pelley, Susan G. Walling, Ashlyn Swift-Gallant · 2026
Read Placental and juvenile immune responses to maternal immune activation are differentially regulated by sex chromosomes and gonads across gestation by Stephanie Salia, Nadine T. Burry, Meagan E. Hinks, Kerri M. Sparkes, Alison M. Randell, Alexandre S. Maekawa, Nicole Reid, Lucas F. Fowler, Rachel Q. Kelly, Jai-Lynn Francis, Madison C. Youden, Stephanie H.G. Pelley, Susan G. Walling, Ashlyn Swift-Gallant (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13560310.txt.
Description
Stephanie Salia's team untangled how sex chromosomes and gonads separately shape immune replies to maternal infection during pregnancy, in a 2026 mouse study. Boys receive neurodevelopmental diagnoses up to four times as often as girls, and maternal immune activation hits male offspring harder, but the roles of chromosomes versus hormones were unclear. Using the Four Core Genotypes model, the team exposed mice early or late in gestation to a viral mimic.
Placental replies split by sex. XX females mounted balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory replies, while XY offspring and gonadal males showed relative suppression, especially late in gestation near the testosterone surge. Early exposure erased the usual social advantage of gonadal females in juveniles. The placenta emerges as a key site where timing, chromosomes, and gonadal signals jointly shape later brain and behaviour.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Stephanie Salia, Nadine T. Burry, Meagan E. Hinks, Kerri M. Sparkes, Alison M. Randell, Alexandre S. Maekawa, Nicole Reid, Lucas F. Fowler, Rachel Q. Kelly, Jai-Lynn Francis, Madison C. Youden, Stephanie H.G. Pelley, Susan G. Walling, Ashlyn Swift-Gallant |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 63 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |