Fast-Acting Caffeine Strategy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Chewing Gum on Physical Performance
Hossein Miraftabi, Erfan Berjisian, Craig Pickering, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes, Olivier Girard · 2026
Read Fast-Acting Caffeine Strategy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Chewing Gum on Physical Performance by Hossein Miraftabi, Erfan Berjisian, Craig Pickering, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes, Olivier Girard (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13558504.txt.
Description
Hossein Miraftabi and co-authors pool the evidence on caffeine chewing gum for athletes in this 2026 review. Gum delivers caffeine fast through the cheek, so it may lift performance sooner than pills or drinks. With studies piling up, the team gathered the trials and weighed them together, also hunting for what changes the effect.
Twenty-five studies with three hundred ninety participants passed the screen. Overall the gum gave a small but real lift to performance. Endurance work gained a small edge, and power and jump results a trivial one. Benefits showed with ten minutes of chewing, in trained athletes, and in light-to-moderate caffeine users, and they grew with dose. Strength work and heavy caffeine users saw no clear gain. Most studies carried some bias concerns, the authors note.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Hossein Miraftabi, Erfan Berjisian, Craig Pickering, Alvaro Lopez-Samanes, Olivier Girard |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 76 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |