Multicellular immunosuppressive networks in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: CD8+ T cell exclusion, dysfunction, exhaustion, and therapeutic implications
Zhiyuan Xia, Haining Chen, Yefu Shen, Minghui Lin, Xihua Xie, Hao Shu, Shen Pang, Dongchao Liu, Yunfei Cao, Sen Zhang · 2026
Read Multicellular immunosuppressive networks in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: CD8+ T cell exclusion, dysfunction, exhaustion, and therapeutic implications by Zhiyuan Xia, Haining Chen, Yefu Shen, Minghui Lin, Xihua Xie, Hao Shu, Shen Pang, Dongchao Liu, Yunfei Cao, Sen Zhang (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13551473.txt.
Description
Zhiyuan Xia and co-authors map, in a 2026 review, why the commonest form of colorectal cancer shrugs off immune checkpoint drugs. This microsatellite-stable type makes up about 85 to 90 percent of cases, and single-drug response rates sit near five to ten percent. The fault, they argue, lies not in the killer T cells but in the neighborhood that shuts them out.
Macrophages, fibroblasts, regulatory T cells, and suppressor cells cooperate in layers: a physical wall, broken effector function, starved metabolism, and active suppression. In liver spread the layers arrange into a repeating three-band niche. Named axes, from a macrophage signal driving exhaustion to fibroblasts blocking T cell recruitment, fill in the wiring. Therapy, the authors conclude, must strike several layers at once.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Zhiyuan Xia, Haining Chen, Yefu Shen, Minghui Lin, Xihua Xie, Hao Shu, Shen Pang, Dongchao Liu, Yunfei Cao, Sen Zhang |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 83 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |