Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin therapy failure in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review

Rui Ribeiro‐Pereira, Ana Teixeira‐Marques, Rui Freitas, João A Carvalho, Sara Monteiro‐Reis, Giorgio I. Russo, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jerónimo · 2026

Read Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin therapy failure in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review by Rui Ribeiro‐Pereira, Ana Teixeira‐Marques, Rui Freitas, João A Carvalho, Sara Monteiro‐Reis, Giorgio I. Russo, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jerónimo (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13548025.txt.

Description

Bladder cancer that has not yet invaded the muscle is treated with a weakened tuberculosis germ solution washed into the bladder, but a third or more of patients relapse anyway. Rui Ribeiro-Pereira and co-authors reviewed the search for markers that predict that failure in this 2026 paper. Non-invasive markers, from urine or blood, draw special interest.

Knowing in advance who will fail the standard treatment could spare them months of useless instillations and speed them to surgery or newer drugs. The review critically weighs the candidate markers studied so far and their proof quality. Most are not ready for clinic use, the field suggests. The authors map what a convincing validation study would need to look like.

Catalog record

CREATORRui Ribeiro‐Pereira, Ana Teixeira‐Marques, Rui Freitas, João A Carvalho, Sara Monteiro‐Reis, Giorgio I. Russo, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jerónimo
YEAR2026
COLLECTIONPAPERS
FORMATTXT
FILE SIZE52 KB
VERSION1.0
LICENSECC BY 4.0
RIGHTSCC BY
SOURCEEurope PMC

Source: https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13548025

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