Inflammatory Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Impacts on Comorbid Asthma
Francesca Pirola, Claire Hopkins · 2026
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Description
Francesca Pirola and Claire Hopkins argue that a stuffy, inflamed nose and an asthmatic chest should be typed as one disease in two places. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma travel together so often that doctors speak of a united airway, yet patients vary wildly in course and in what treatment works. Their 2026 review sorts the evidence by inflammatory endotype, the underlying immune pattern, above all the divide between type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation.
Endotypes, the authors show, track asthma severity, flare risk, and the results of surgery and medicines better than surface descriptions do. They gather the biomarkers a clinic can actually order and show how the profile steers escalation, including when to consider biologic drugs in stubborn type 2 disease. The caveats are honest: patterns overlap, tissue and blood markers disagree, and non-type 2 disease is still loosely defined.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Francesca Pirola, Claire Hopkins |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 37 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |