Transdiagnostic monoamine-based subtyping for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder via unsupervised machine learning
Masatoshi Yamashita, Qiulu Shou, Sayo Hamatani, Hideo Matsuzaki, Masanori Fujieda, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono, Hidehiko Okazawa, Yoshifumi Mizuno · 2026
Read Transdiagnostic monoamine-based subtyping for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder via unsupervised machine learning by Masatoshi Yamashita, Qiulu Shou, Sayo Hamatani, Hideo Matsuzaki, Masanori Fujieda, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono, Hidehiko Okazawa, Yoshifumi Mizuno (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13545128.txt.
Description
Masatoshi Yamashita and colleagues, writing in 2026, grouped children with ADHD, autism, or both by chemistry rather than by diagnosis alone. Their team measured monoamine breakdown products in urine from 83 affected children and compared the results with 83 typically developing controls. Machine learning sorted the affected children into two clusters that cut across the usual diagnostic labels.
One cluster of 18 children showed high levels of three metabolites, while a larger cluster of 65 showed low levels. The low group scored worse on cognitive control, flexibility, and inhibition, and brain scans showed distinct patterns of gray matter change in each cluster. Readers gain a possible biological basis for splitting these conditions into subtypes.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Masatoshi Yamashita, Qiulu Shou, Sayo Hamatani, Hideo Matsuzaki, Masanori Fujieda, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono, Hidehiko Okazawa, Yoshifumi Mizuno |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 51 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |