A forecast model for ionospheric TEC during solar flare events based on low-latitude GPS stations data
R. Mukesh, Punyawi Jamjareegulgran, S. Riswana Fathima, J. Rubashri, P. Priyavarshini, J. Priyadharshini, Sarat C. Dass, S. Kiruthiga, A. R. S. Sahanaa, M. Sudhandra, S. Safana, S. Karthick, Prasert Kenpankho, Supawit Nambut, Pattawut Wongsak · 2026
Read A forecast model for ionospheric TEC during solar flare events based on low-latitude GPS stations data by R. Mukesh, Punyawi Jamjareegulgran, S. Riswana Fathima, J. Rubashri, P. Priyavarshini, J. Priyadharshini, Sarat C. Dass, S. Kiruthiga, A. R. S. Sahanaa, M. Sudhandra, S. Safana, S. Karthick, Prasert Kenpankho, Supawit Nambut, Pattawut Wongsak (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13542170.txt.
Description
R Mukesh leads a space weather study in 2026. The team forecast how solar flares disturb the upper atmosphere. Flares change its electron content over low latitudes. That disturbance degrades radio links and satellite navigation. Four powerful X-class flares supplied the test cases. All four came from the current solar cycle.
A newer network design did the forecasting. It is called a Kolmogorov-Arnold network. Training used solar and geomagnetic indices. Checks ran against GPS-derived measurements at two stations. One station was Hyderabad in India. The other was Chumphon in Thailand. A deep belief network served as a rival model. So did the standard international reference model.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | R. Mukesh, Punyawi Jamjareegulgran, S. Riswana Fathima, J. Rubashri, P. Priyavarshini, J. Priyadharshini, Sarat C. Dass, S. Kiruthiga, A. R. S. Sahanaa, M. Sudhandra, S. Safana, S. Karthick, Prasert Kenpankho, Supawit Nambut, Pattawut Wongsak |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 125 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |