Behavioral patterns of humans and Anopheles arabiensis reveal outdoor malaria transmission risk at Pemba Island, Zanzibar
Ali O Ali, Bakar O Khatib, Khadija F Ali, Fatma A Massoud, Talib S Khatib, Moza K Rashid, Steven Gowelo, Shija J Shija, Kali A Omar, Makame M Kombo, Joseph Joachim Joseph, Nicodem J Govella, Neil F Lobo · 2026
Read Behavioral patterns of humans and Anopheles arabiensis reveal outdoor malaria transmission risk at Pemba Island, Zanzibar by Ali O Ali, Bakar O Khatib, Khadija F Ali, Fatma A Massoud, Talib S Khatib, Moza K Rashid, Steven Gowelo, Shija J Shija, Kali A Omar, Makame M Kombo, Joseph Joachim Joseph, Nicodem J Govella, Neil F Lobo (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13536781.txt.
Description
Ali O Ali leads a 2026 field study of outdoor malaria risk on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, where indoor spraying and bed nets have driven cases very low. Remaining spread may occur outdoors, where the main mosquito bites outside and people spend evenings outside. Over a full year, collectors caught biting mosquitoes indoors and outdoors while observers logged hourly where people were, what they did, and whether nets were in use.
Nearly all collected mosquitoes were the outdoor-biting type, and most bites landed outdoors, peaking in the early evening. Most unprotected exposure also occurred outdoors while people were awake. Young children still gained strong net protection indoors, while older children and adults faced mostly outdoor risk. The authors call for added outdoor measures alongside indoor tools.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Ali O Ali, Bakar O Khatib, Khadija F Ali, Fatma A Massoud, Talib S Khatib, Moza K Rashid, Steven Gowelo, Shija J Shija, Kali A Omar, Makame M Kombo, Joseph Joachim Joseph, Nicodem J Govella, Neil F Lobo |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 38048 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |