Global meta‐analysis reveals urban‐associated behavioural differences among wild populations
Tracy T. Burkhard, Ned A. Dochtermann, Anne Charmantier · 2026
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Description
Tracy Burkhard, Ned Dochtermann, and Anne Charmantier pool studies worldwide to test how city life changes wild animal behavior, in work dated 2026. Cities reshape natural settings and can drive fast change in wild populations. Most past work compared species, not variation within a species.
The team gathered paired city and non city results from eighty-one studies. Species covered birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and insects. Four common behaviors were tracked: boldness, aggression, activity, and exploration. City populations showed higher average levels on all four. Gaps in consistency and in trait links were also measured across the pooled data.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Tracy T. Burkhard, Ned A. Dochtermann, Anne Charmantier |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 70 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |