Profile of individuals with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR)
Heidi Castillo, Sophia Drewry, Amy Heffelfinger, Jennifer T Queally, Kurt A Freeman, Vanessa Avemil, Richard Adams, Pamela Murphy, Kathryn Smith, Audrey Roach, Gregory Heuer, William Walker, Jonathan Castillo, Catharine Riley · 2026
Read Profile of individuals with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) by Heidi Castillo, Sophia Drewry, Amy Heffelfinger, Jennifer T Queally, Kurt A Freeman, Vanessa Avemil, Richard Adams, Pamela Murphy, Kathryn Smith, Audrey Roach, Gregory Heuer, William Walker, Jonathan Castillo, Catharine Riley (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13525100.txt.
Description
Heidi Castillo and co-authors profile IQ testing among children and young adults with spina bifida in a national patient registry. IQ scores can reveal learning problems early, yet testing data in this group are scarce. The team studied just over a thousand registry members aged four to twenty-two at five clinics, comparing the 435 who had a full-scale IQ score with those who did not.
Young people who received school accommodations, full-time or partial, were about twice as likely to have an IQ score on record. Testing happened at about age ten on average, and the average score was 81, below the general population norm. The authors argue that testing should reach more people with spina bifida, since scores guide schooling and care. The link with accommodations also hints that testing now follows school support rather than leading it.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Heidi Castillo, Sophia Drewry, Amy Heffelfinger, Jennifer T Queally, Kurt A Freeman, Vanessa Avemil, Richard Adams, Pamela Murphy, Kathryn Smith, Audrey Roach, Gregory Heuer, William Walker, Jonathan Castillo, Catharine Riley |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 33 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |