Congenital Anomalies and Variations of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries: A Case-Based Imaging Review
Bilal Battal, Carlos Zamora · 2026
Read Congenital Anomalies and Variations of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries: A Case-Based Imaging Review by Bilal Battal, Carlos Zamora (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13517419.txt.
Description
Battal and Zamora wrote a 2026 imaging review on variant neck arteries present from birth. The carotid and vertebral arteries feed the brain through the neck. Their paths vary more than textbooks suggest, thanks to tangled fetal development. Modern scans now catch these variants often, planned or by chance.
The review walks through development first, then shows variants on scan types. Some variants are harmless quirks; others raise stroke or aneurysm risk. A few change how surgeons and intervention teams must plan their approach. Misreading a variant as disease can trigger needless treatment or harm. The authors supply a case-based visual tour for practicing radiologists. Origins, caliber, and branching can each differ from the standard map.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Bilal Battal, Carlos Zamora |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 46 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |