Exercise Intolerance in Young Physically Active Smokers Compared to Non‐Smokers During Sinusoidal Cycling
Marta Borrelli, Asia Motalli, Nicholas Toninelli, Stefano Longo, Giuseppe Coratella, Emiliano Cè, Eloisa Limonta, Susanna Rampichini, Fabio Esposito · 2026
Read Exercise Intolerance in Young Physically Active Smokers Compared to Non‐Smokers During Sinusoidal Cycling by Marta Borrelli, Asia Motalli, Nicholas Toninelli, Stefano Longo, Giuseppe Coratella, Emiliano Cè, Eloisa Limonta, Susanna Rampichini, Fabio Esposito (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13501398.txt.
Description
Marta Borrelli and co-authors show that young, fit smokers tire far sooner than non-smokers on a wave-like cycling test, in a 2026 study. Smoking's hit to hard exercise was murky for this group, who carry no known heart or lung disease. Eight smokers and eight matched non-smokers rode a bike whose load rose and fell in four-minute waves around a hard midpoint, until they quit.
Both groups burned the same fuel markers and rated the strain alike as they rode. Yet smokers quit in about half the time. Their oxygen use stayed flat late in the test while the controls' climbed, a sign their engines capped early. Heart rate and breathing rose across waves in both groups. The authors read the gap as proof that smoking dulls muscle and lung response long before disease shows. The wave test, they add, exposes the flaw well.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Marta Borrelli, Asia Motalli, Nicholas Toninelli, Stefano Longo, Giuseppe Coratella, Emiliano Cè, Eloisa Limonta, Susanna Rampichini, Fabio Esposito |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 40 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |