A CrOA-tuned cascaded (2DOF-PDf)–(LTI) controller for coordinated LFC–AVR regulation in interconnected power systems
Mohamed F Elnaggar, A A El-Rahman, Fsaha Mebrahtu Gebru, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud · 2026
Read A CrOA-tuned cascaded (2DOF-PDf)–(LTI) controller for coordinated LFC–AVR regulation in interconnected power systems by Mohamed F Elnaggar, A A El-Rahman, Fsaha Mebrahtu Gebru, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13478525.txt.
Description
Mohamed Elnaggar and three colleagues designed in 2026 a cascaded controller to steady frequency and voltage together in linked power grids. Load swings, parameter drift, and the coupling between frequency and voltage loops strain older control schemes.
Their design pairs a two-degree-of-freedom proportional-derivative stage with a leaky tilt-integral stage, tuned by the Crayfish Optimization Algorithm against a time-weighted error score. Tests covered step load jumps, random load swings, generator limits, dead bands, voltage tracking, and parameter shifts up to 40 percent. It damped swings faster, shrank frequency and tie-line deviations, and held terminal voltage steadier than PID, TID, and fractional-order rivals.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Mohamed F Elnaggar, A A El-Rahman, Fsaha Mebrahtu Gebru, Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 82 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |