Modular engineered outer membrane vesicles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy via PD-L1 blockade and epigenetic reprogramming
Longxue Guan, Qinxiao Sun, Dandan Liang, Zhimin Li, Shiqi Zhang, Laili Huang, Xingang Guan, Hongxia Feng · 2026
Read Modular engineered outer membrane vesicles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy via PD-L1 blockade and epigenetic reprogramming by Longxue Guan, Qinxiao Sun, Dandan Liang, Zhimin Li, Shiqi Zhang, Laili Huang, Xingang Guan, Hongxia Feng (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13473442.txt.
Description
Guan and colleagues built in 2026 a bacteria-based delivery system to boost melanoma immunotherapy. They engineered outer membrane vesicles, tiny shells shed by bacteria, using a protein-tag system to carry two agents. The cargo was a peptide blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 brake on immune cells, plus zebularine, a drug that unmasks tumour markers. The combined vesicles were tested in melanoma cells and a mouse model.
The vesicles blocked the PD-1/PD-L1 link in tests. They also raised melanoma-linked antigens sharply, including CD146 and TRP1, making tumour cells more visible to immune cells. In mice, the treatment strongly suppressed tumour growth without clear whole-body harm. Tumours showed more killer T cells inside them and fewer regulatory T cells. The authors present the particle system as swappable: other cargo can be attached for other tumours.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Longxue Guan, Qinxiao Sun, Dandan Liang, Zhimin Li, Shiqi Zhang, Laili Huang, Xingang Guan, Hongxia Feng |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 35 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |