Gut dysbiosis and vitamin-dependent immune regulation in degenerative musculoskeletal and bone diseases
Nicola Stefanelli · 2026
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Description
Stefanelli and colleagues propose a model linking gut microbes, vitamins, and skeletal degeneration, in a 2026 Perspective article on bone and joint disease. Their argument starts with dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria that can weaken the intestinal barrier. A leakier gut exposes the immune system to more microbe products, keeping low-grade inflammation going. The authors focus on vitamin D signals and on menaquinones, forms of vitamin K gut bacteria produce.
In the proposed chain, immune messengers including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 tip bone balance toward breakdown through the RANKL pathway, which controls the cells that dissolve bone. Vitamin D normally calms such immune activation, while bacterial vitamin K may feed into the same control circuits. Diet patterns enter the model as levers on microbe ecology. Stefanelli stresses the menaquinone contribution to human vitamin K status remains unproven, and presents the model as a research agenda.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Nicola Stefanelli |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 46 KB |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |