3D nanoprinting of metals by spatiotemporally confined hot electrons via multiple-electron excitations in nanocrystals
Kai Wei, Kai Chang, Xinyi Wang, Shoufeng Lan, M Cynthia Hipwell, Heng Pan · 2026
Read 3D nanoprinting of metals by spatiotemporally confined hot electrons via multiple-electron excitations in nanocrystals by Kai Wei, Kai Chang, Xinyi Wang, Shoufeng Lan, M Cynthia Hipwell, Heng Pan (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13454148.txt.
Description
Kai Wei and five co-authors print three dimensional metal structures at the nanoscale using hot electrons trapped inside nanocrystals. Metal printing at this scale has lagged polymer printing, since forming solid metal usually needs heat or reactions that blur fine detail. Their 2026 method fires femtosecond laser pulses that free hot electrons in the crystals, fusing them into solid metal.
Features came out below 250 nanometres in depth and width. The pulses ran at about one hundredth the energy of rival multi photon methods, with no organic additives needed. Several metals printed, with strength matching pure bulk metal, and the team built working mechanical and optical metamaterials. Uses they name span sensors, nanorobots, and chip making. The approach turns metal nanoprinting into a designable craft rather than a compromise.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Kai Wei, Kai Chang, Xinyi Wang, Shoufeng Lan, M Cynthia Hipwell, Heng Pan |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 55260 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |