Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024
Mirjam BHM Duijvestijn, Els M Broens, Nancy NMP Schuurman, Johannes CM Vernooij, Judith MA van den Brand, Jaap A Wagenaar, Frank JM van Kuppeveld, Josanne H Verhagen, Cornelis AM de Haan · 2026
Read Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024 by Mirjam BHM Duijvestijn, Els M Broens, Nancy NMP Schuurman, Johannes CM Vernooij, Judith MA van den Brand, Jaap A Wagenaar, Frank JM van Kuppeveld, Josanne H Verhagen, Cornelis AM de Haan (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13379668.txt.
Description
Duijvestijn and colleagues test outdoor domestic cats in the Netherlands for antibodies to two influenza viruses, in 2026 veterinary virology research. Cats can catch bird flu, H5, from infected birds, and the pandemic H1N1 virus from people; carrying both could let the viruses swap genes into a new threat. Earlier Dutch surveys found 11.8 percent of rural stray cats positive for bird flu. This study sampled 254 cats with outdoor access in 2024, screening blood with two antibody tests per virus.
Bird flu antibodies appeared in seven cats, a seroprevalence of 2.8 percent, though confirmatory testing detected none. Pandemic H1N1 antibodies were commoner: 14 cats, or 5.5 percent, screened positive, with half confirmed by the second assay. A pair of cats, 0.79 percent of the sample, reacted to both viruses, proof that dual exposure happens in pets. Duijvestijn notes outdoor cats sit at the animal-human interface and deserve monitoring as influenza mixing vessels.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Mirjam BHM Duijvestijn, Els M Broens, Nancy NMP Schuurman, Johannes CM Vernooij, Judith MA van den Brand, Jaap A Wagenaar, Frank JM van Kuppeveld, Josanne H Verhagen, Cornelis AM de Haan |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 23 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |