Can Complex 3D Models Effectively Replace 2D and Animal Models to Investigate the Microbe-Tumor-Immune Axis in Pancreatic Cancer Studies?
Fathima Zahraa Ozeer, Jemila Caplan Kester · 2026
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Description
Fathima Zahraa Ozeer and Jemila Caplan Kester present a 2026 review on whether lab-grown 3D tumor models can stand in for flat cell cultures and animal tests in pancreatic cancer research. Microbes living in these tumors seem to blunt treatment, yet flat cultures miss the tumor's structure, stroma, and immune mix. The review asks what a good model must hold: cancer cells, support tissue, immune cells, and the microbes themselves.
The authors survey 3D culture work in other cancers, where organ-like models already host this microbe-tumor-immune interplay, and map how to adapt those designs to pancreatic tumors. Such models could speed drug screening and cut animal use. Gaps in realism and shared standards remain the chief barriers.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Fathima Zahraa Ozeer, Jemila Caplan Kester |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 135097 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |