Applying a mixed-methods approach to evaluate and tailor electronic cigarette pictorial health warning labels for young adults in the United States
Taghrid Asfar, Ian Abrams, Shannon Varroney, Michael Schmidt, Olusanya Joshua Oluwole, Seth M. Noar, Laura Gonzalez, Maria Fernanda Garcia, Wasim Maziak · 2026
Read Applying a mixed-methods approach to evaluate and tailor electronic cigarette pictorial health warning labels for young adults in the United States by Taghrid Asfar, Ian Abrams, Shannon Varroney, Michael Schmidt, Olusanya Joshua Oluwole, Seth M. Noar, Laura Gonzalez, Maria Fernanda Garcia, Wasim Maziak (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13353006.txt.
Description
Taghrid Asfar and eight co-authors test, in 2026 work, picture health warnings for vape goods aimed at young adults in the United States. Vape use has soared in that age group, fed by ads and design, yet the young users had little say in warning design. A panel had built twenty-four picture warnings in three themes: poison traits, health risks, and named harms.
Sixty-one young vape users in online groups rated the warnings and talked them through. Poison-themed warnings won most scores. Shots of real human suffering hit hardest, and warnings that touched a user's own life, such as pregnancy, landed best. Riddle-like images fell flat as unclear or hard to trust. The team backs plain, true images with clear words.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Taghrid Asfar, Ian Abrams, Shannon Varroney, Michael Schmidt, Olusanya Joshua Oluwole, Seth M. Noar, Laura Gonzalez, Maria Fernanda Garcia, Wasim Maziak |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 43 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |