Semiannual seasonality of COVID-19 with alternating peaks in winter and summer
Hao Zhang, Jian Wang · 2026
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Description
Hao Zhang and Jian Wang analysed COVID-19 timing patterns in a 2026 study of case data from March 2020 to February 2023 at world, hemisphere, and country levels. They used an advanced signal-splitting method to pull cycles out of noisy incidence curves.
Eight global waves appeared in the period. Peaks alternated between winter and summer, a twice-yearly rhythm seen at several scales though with regional differences in size and timing. That sets COVID-19 apart from flu-like illnesses with one winter peak. A settled twice-yearly pattern would help hospitals and vaccine campaigns plan for two danger seasons instead of one.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Hao Zhang, Jian Wang |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 23530 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |