Modulation of pulmonary IL-21 expression during latent TB and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection
Vinay Shivanna, Renee D Escalona, Colin Chuba, Shashi Prakash Singh, Ahmed A Moustafa, J Quincy Brown, Chenyao Xiao, Sangkyu Kim, Edward J Dick, Smriti Mehra, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan · 2026
Read Modulation of pulmonary IL-21 expression during latent TB and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection by Vinay Shivanna, Renee D Escalona, Colin Chuba, Shashi Prakash Singh, Ahmed A Moustafa, J Quincy Brown, Chenyao Xiao, Sangkyu Kim, Edward J Dick, Smriti Mehra, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13313536.txt.
Description
Vinay Shivanna and eleven co-authors track a signaling protein called IL-21 in the lungs of monkeys infected with tuberculosis, with and without the monkey form of HIV. The TB and HIV pairing is a major global health problem, yet local lung immunity in the two infections is poorly mapped. The study compares latent TB infection with combined infection in nonhuman primates.
IL-21 comes mostly from CD4 T cells, and its levels fell sharply in the lungs of coinfected animals, most of all without antiretroviral treatment. Treatment, alone or with a preventive TB regimen, partly restored the IL-21-producing cells but never to latent-infection levels. Spatial gene mapping showed altered local immune signaling and weaker TB-specific responses. The authors read this as a lasting, lung-specific gap in immune recovery and suggest the IL-21 pathway deserves study as a treatment target.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Vinay Shivanna, Renee D Escalona, Colin Chuba, Shashi Prakash Singh, Ahmed A Moustafa, J Quincy Brown, Chenyao Xiao, Sangkyu Kim, Edward J Dick, Smriti Mehra, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 62 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |