Autism in children and young people with functional tic-like behaviours: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Holan Liang, Chelsea Wu, Morvwen Duncan, Lila Simpson, Abbie Smith, Katie Harrold, Zoe Pearman, Amy Warren, Sara Shavel-Jessop, Tara Murphy, Isobel Heyman, Sacha Evans, Matteo Catanzano · 2026
Read Autism in children and young people with functional tic-like behaviours: a retrospective cross-sectional study by Holan Liang, Chelsea Wu, Morvwen Duncan, Lila Simpson, Abbie Smith, Katie Harrold, Zoe Pearman, Amy Warren, Sara Shavel-Jessop, Tara Murphy, Isobel Heyman, Sacha Evans, Matteo Catanzano (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13311980.txt.
Description
Holan Liang and co-authors, in 2026, present a study on autism among young people and children showing functional tic-like behaviors at a London tic service. These sudden, complex tics usually start in the teen years.
The study reviewed 63 patients seen from August 2020 to May 2022. Autism was diagnosed in 69.8 percent, and Tourette syndrome in 37 percent, both far above general rates in this clinic group. Patients with autism had more ADHD and specific learning disorders, while overall impairment scores matched those without autism. A standard assessment tool performed poorly at spotting autism here, warning clinics to assess directly.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Holan Liang, Chelsea Wu, Morvwen Duncan, Lila Simpson, Abbie Smith, Katie Harrold, Zoe Pearman, Amy Warren, Sara Shavel-Jessop, Tara Murphy, Isobel Heyman, Sacha Evans, Matteo Catanzano |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 27764 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |