Effect of Bonding Height on Force‐Moment Generation in Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers: An In Vitro Study
Francesca Thaden, Linus Hötzel, Benedikt Dotzer, Matthias Mertmann, Andrea Wichelhaus, Hisham Sabbagh · 2026
Read Effect of Bonding Height on Force‐Moment Generation in Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers: An In Vitro Study by Francesca Thaden, Linus Hötzel, Benedikt Dotzer, Matthias Mertmann, Andrea Wichelhaus, Hisham Sabbagh (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13310530.txt.
Description
Francesca Thaden and co-authors measure in 2026 how bonding position affects the forces produced by fixed lingual retainers, the wires glued behind front teeth after orthodontic treatment. Three commercial retainers, two steel and one computer-designed nickel-titanium, were loaded in a biomechanical rig. A standard vertical displacement was applied at three bonding heights: near the biting edge, mid-crown, and near the gum.
Forces and twisting moments grew with loading in every setup. Retainer type separated the results significantly, while bonding height did not. The softest response came from one steel retainer bonded high; the stiffest from the nickel-titanium wire bonded mid-crown. Multistrand steel wires may deform more under biting loads, the authors note. Fixed retainers occasionally trigger unwanted tooth movements, which motivated the study. Whether bonding height matters clinically, they conclude, still needs patient-level research.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Francesca Thaden, Linus Hötzel, Benedikt Dotzer, Matthias Mertmann, Andrea Wichelhaus, Hisham Sabbagh |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 25 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |