Hormonal Adaptations in Professional Soccer Players: Ethnic Differences and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Sandro La Vignera, Rosita A. Condorelli · 2026
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Description
Professional soccer strains players' hormone balance for days, and responses may differ by ethnic background, synthesize Sandro La Vignera and Rosita A Condorelli in a 2026 review. They analyzed twenty-one studies of testosterone, cortisol, their ratio, growth hormone, and IGF-1 across training and competition.
Cortisol stayed elevated up to seventy-two hours after some matches, and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio sagged during congested fixture runs. A gene variant affecting steroid excretion, UGT2B17, may partly explain group differences in testosterone measures, though the evidence is thin. About 7.4% of elite junior players developed non-functional overreaching with blunted hormone responses. The authors suggest individualized hormone monitoring and gentler post-match loads.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Sandro La Vignera, Rosita A. Condorelli |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 35906 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |