Ductile and scalable 3 GPa steel via a hierarchical microstructural architecture
Ruming Geng, Yue Liu, Peiwen Tang, Xiaoyuan Yuan, Leilei Li, Yu Liu, Hanqi Wang, Lijing Zheng, Simin Lei, Yandong Sun, Yuxian Cao, Xinyang Li, Shun Han, Yong Li, Robert O Ritchie, Shiteng Zhao, Huibin Xu, Chunxu Wang · 2026
Read Ductile and scalable 3 GPa steel via a hierarchical microstructural architecture by Ruming Geng, Yue Liu, Peiwen Tang, Xiaoyuan Yuan, Leilei Li, Yu Liu, Hanqi Wang, Lijing Zheng, Simin Lei, Yandong Sun, Yuxian Cao, Xinyang Li, Shun Han, Yong Li, Robert O Ritchie, Shiteng Zhao, Huibin Xu, Chunxu Wang (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13280498.txt.
Description
Ruming Geng and team report a 2026 materials study of a ductile three gigapascal steel, a strength class once thought to be brittle only. Ultrahigh strength steels above three gigapascals with real ductility mark a frontier in materials science. Cold work hardening trades strength for elongation, so it cannot yield ductile steel at this level. Their strategy builds a hierarchical microstructural architecture in a designed maraging steel with a set alloy recipe.
Tailored nano precipitates, a high but uniform density of dislocations and ultrafine grains are set in one hierarchy. The structure spreads stress peaks that commonly embrittle ultrahigh strength steels. Fracture mode shifts from brittle cleavage to ductile dimpling. The steel shows three gigapascal yield strength with major area reduction, clear tensile elongation and solid fracture toughness. The authors state it far surpasses existing steels at this strength.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Ruming Geng, Yue Liu, Peiwen Tang, Xiaoyuan Yuan, Leilei Li, Yu Liu, Hanqi Wang, Lijing Zheng, Simin Lei, Yandong Sun, Yuxian Cao, Xinyang Li, Shun Han, Yong Li, Robert O Ritchie, Shiteng Zhao, Huibin Xu, Chunxu Wang |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 39538 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |