Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes
Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Fatemeh Ghorbani, Janan Rezaei, Ana Saremi, Maryam Rafiei, Shadi Hajizamani, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Mehrab Samiei · 2026
Read Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes by Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Fatemeh Ghorbani, Janan Rezaei, Ana Saremi, Maryam Rafiei, Shadi Hajizamani, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Mehrab Samiei (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13276230.txt.
Description
Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei and co-authors wrote a 2026 narrative review on using brain stimulation to change working memory. Working memory holds and updates information for reasoning and decisions. It shrinks with age and falters in many brain and mental disorders, making it a tempting treatment target.
The review weighs several methods, from weak currents and magnetic pulses on the scalp to deep brain stimulation. Effects across studies were generally modest and mixed. The authors argue stimulation rarely adds raw capacity. Instead it seems to tweak the gain, timing, and flexibility of the circuits that hold information. They call for more precise dosing and targeting, and for outcome measures that match the exact memory process being tested, before results can be trusted and repeated.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Fatemeh Ghorbani, Janan Rezaei, Ana Saremi, Maryam Rafiei, Shadi Hajizamani, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Mehrab Samiei |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 100140 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |