Adrenal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE-spectrum disease: a systematic review and pooled individual-patient analysis
Sheng-Guang Li, Ting Long, Ruohan Yu, Lina Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ji Li, Yadan Zou, Yanfeng Zhang · 2026
Read Adrenal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE-spectrum disease: a systematic review and pooled individual-patient analysis by Sheng-Guang Li, Ting Long, Ruohan Yu, Lina Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ji Li, Yadan Zou, Yanfeng Zhang (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13272318.txt.
Description
Sheng-Guang Li and coauthors pool in 2026 published cases of adrenal gland involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus-spectrum disease. Clotting and bleeding inside the adrenal glands are rare in these autoimmune conditions but can destroy hormone production. Loose use of the term adrenal crisis has muddied the literature, so the authors separated injury, insufficiency, and true crisis.
The search gathered 155 published patients, most with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and a median age in the mid-forties. Case details were harmonized for triggers, imaging patterns, immune profiles, clot burden, and outcomes. The pooled picture gives clinicians a firmer basis for recognizing this uncommon emergency.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Sheng-Guang Li, Ting Long, Ruohan Yu, Lina Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ji Li, Yadan Zou, Yanfeng Zhang |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 52 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |