Sex differences in 1,114,625 varicose vein surgeries: an 18-year cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian public health system
Clara Sanches Bueno, Bruna Castelucci Bongiovanni, Nickolas Stabellini, Stephanye Santos de Paula, Júlia Freire Castanheira de Paiva Ferreira, Bruno Jeronimo Ponte, Felipe Soares Oliveira Portela, Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino da Silva, Marcelo Passos Teivelis, Nelson Wolosker · 2026
Read Sex differences in 1,114,625 varicose vein surgeries: an 18-year cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian public health system by Clara Sanches Bueno, Bruna Castelucci Bongiovanni, Nickolas Stabellini, Stephanye Santos de Paula, Júlia Freire Castanheira de Paiva Ferreira, Bruno Jeronimo Ponte, Felipe Soares Oliveira Portela, Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino da Silva, Marcelo Passos Teivelis, Nelson Wolosker (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13268410.txt.
Description
Clara Sanches Bueno and colleagues present a 2026 analysis of over 1.1 million varicose vein surgeries in Brazil's public system. Varicose veins are common and mostly affect women, but sex differences in surgery were little studied in poorer countries. The team examined every public-sector operation from 2007 to 2024, comparing age, travel, and death rates by sex.
Women accounted for about 81 percent of operations. Men had surgery slightly older, at a median of 49 against 47, and traveled between cities a bit more often. Deaths were rare for both sexes but clearly higher in men. The authors argue biology alone cannot explain the gaps: care-seeking habits and structural unfairness also shape who gets surgery and when. They call for interview-based research on the reasons.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Clara Sanches Bueno, Bruna Castelucci Bongiovanni, Nickolas Stabellini, Stephanye Santos de Paula, Júlia Freire Castanheira de Paiva Ferreira, Bruno Jeronimo Ponte, Felipe Soares Oliveira Portela, Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino da Silva, Marcelo Passos Teivelis, Nelson Wolosker |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 21592 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |