Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking associated with decreased antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in Zambia: Evidence from a 2023 national NCDs/ HIV survey
Cosmas Zyambo, Paul Somwe, Mwiche Musukuma, Chomba Mandyata, Phoebe Bwembya, Henry Phiri, Malizgani Chavula, Hikabasa Halwindi, Joseph Zulu, Wilbroad Mutale · 2026
Read Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking associated with decreased antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in Zambia: Evidence from a 2023 national NCDs/ HIV survey by Cosmas Zyambo, Paul Somwe, Mwiche Musukuma, Chomba Mandyata, Phoebe Bwembya, Henry Phiri, Malizgani Chavula, Hikabasa Halwindi, Joseph Zulu, Wilbroad Mutale (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/PMC13262824.txt.
Description
Cosmas Zyambo leads a national survey study of HIV treatment adherence in Zambia in a 2026 journal article. Antiretroviral therapy, the drug regimen that controls HIV, works only when taken as prescribed. The team surveyed people living with HIV at 193 clinics across all ten provinces, using a 2023 national survey, and modeled which factors tracked with missed treatment.
Of 5,204 people surveyed, 7.1 percent were not adhering, with higher rates in men than women. Among those not adhering, 60 percent drank alcohol and 22 percent smoked tobacco. Drinking and smoking each raised the odds of non-adherence roughly two to three times. Older age and more schooling lowered the odds. The authors suggest targeted support around alcohol and tobacco use.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Cosmas Zyambo, Paul Somwe, Mwiche Musukuma, Chomba Mandyata, Phoebe Bwembya, Henry Phiri, Malizgani Chavula, Hikabasa Halwindi, Joseph Zulu, Wilbroad Mutale |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 37809 |
| LICENSE | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |