Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation
Dirk De Ridder, Tobias Kleinjung, Jae-Jin Song, Divya Adhia, Matt Hall, Anusha Yasoda-Mohan, Sven Vanneste, Alain Londero, Nathan Weisz, Winfred Schlee, Ana Belen Elgoyhen, Christopher Cederroth, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Silvano Gallus, Stefan Schoisswohl, William Sedley, Grant Searchfield, Shi N · 2026
Read Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation by Dirk De Ridder, Tobias Kleinjung, Jae-Jin Song, Divya Adhia, Matt Hall, Anusha Yasoda-Mohan, Sven Vanneste, Alain Londero, Nathan Weisz, Winfred Schlee, Ana Belen Elgoyhen, Christopher Cederroth, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Silvano Gallus, Stefan Schoisswohl, William Sedley, Grant Searchfield, Shi N (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13255023.txt.
Description
Dirk De Ridder and a large group of colleagues argue in a 2026 perspective that tinnitus and tinnitus disorder should be treated as distinct conditions. Tinnitus alone means hearing a sound that has no outside source. The disorder adds distress, thinking problems, and physical arousal that interfere with daily life, affecting roughly a fifth of people with tinnitus.
Genetic evidence points to many common variants of small effect for tinnitus, while rarer, stronger variants appear in the disorder. Hearing loss best predicts plain tinnitus, whereas personality, mood, and sleep problems predict the disorder. Brain imaging separates a loudness pathway from a distress pathway active only in the disorder. The authors call for standard diagnostic criteria and a severity scale for tinnitus disorder.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Dirk De Ridder, Tobias Kleinjung, Jae-Jin Song, Divya Adhia, Matt Hall, Anusha Yasoda-Mohan, Sven Vanneste, Alain Londero, Nathan Weisz, Winfred Schlee, Ana Belen Elgoyhen, Christopher Cederroth, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Silvano Gallus, Stefan Schoisswohl, William Sedley, Grant Searchfield, Shi N |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 47 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |