Immunosuppression in down syndrome regression disorder: a prospective observational cohort study
Jonathan D Santoro, Lilia Kazerooni, Maeve C Lucas, Mariam M Yousuf, Samuel T Otey, Samuel Bouchard, Kevin C Frost, Lina Nguyen, Nidhiben A Anadani, Asef Mahmud, Melanie A Manning, Angela L Rachubinski, Ryan M Kammeyer, Lina Patel, Lindsey E A Koster, Agnies M van Eeghen, Noemi A Spinazzi, Catherine · 2026
Read Immunosuppression in down syndrome regression disorder: a prospective observational cohort study by Jonathan D Santoro, Lilia Kazerooni, Maeve C Lucas, Mariam M Yousuf, Samuel T Otey, Samuel Bouchard, Kevin C Frost, Lina Nguyen, Nidhiben A Anadani, Asef Mahmud, Melanie A Manning, Angela L Rachubinski, Ryan M Kammeyer, Lina Patel, Lindsey E A Koster, Agnies M van Eeghen, Noemi A Spinazzi, Catherine (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13253568.txt.
Description
Jonathan D Santoro leads a multicenter cohort study of second-line immune therapy for Down syndrome regression disorder in 2026. This severe neuropsychiatric condition strikes young people with Down syndrome, and intravenous immunoglobulin helps many only partly. The study followed 126 individuals aged ten to thirty who had improved by more than half on immunoglobulin and then moved to a stronger immune-suppressing drug.
Three strategies were compared as given in ordinary care: B-cell depletion in sixty-three patients, Janus kinase inhibition in thirty-four, and mycophenolate mofetil in twenty-nine. All three produced further symptomatic improvement on catatonia and neuropsychiatric rating scales. B-cell depletion produced the largest average gains on both scales, ahead of Janus kinase inhibition, with mycophenolate last. Even so, it is the first prospective head-to-head evidence for what to try when immunoglobulin alone falls short.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Jonathan D Santoro, Lilia Kazerooni, Maeve C Lucas, Mariam M Yousuf, Samuel T Otey, Samuel Bouchard, Kevin C Frost, Lina Nguyen, Nidhiben A Anadani, Asef Mahmud, Melanie A Manning, Angela L Rachubinski, Ryan M Kammeyer, Lina Patel, Lindsey E A Koster, Agnies M van Eeghen, Noemi A Spinazzi, Catherine |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 49 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |