Two-dimensional assessments of civility and incivility at work
Dan Hasson, Cecilia Berlin, Karin Villaume · 2026
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Description
Hasson, Berlin, and Villaume argue that workplace politeness and rudeness each need two-sided measurement, not a single good-bad score. Their 2026 BMC Psychology study surveys about one thousand Swedish retail employees, with roughly half answering the civility questions in full. Past studies used one-dimensional scales that may mislead.
About sixty-two percent reported some incivility in the previous four weeks, lower than earlier estimates. Open-ended answers showed the same behavior can feel positive to one worker and negative to another. Averages that label civility good and incivility bad hide that variety of experience. The authors urge two-dimensional tools plus workplace dialogue before acting on survey results, so fixes match what employees actually mean.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Dan Hasson, Cecilia Berlin, Karin Villaume |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 67 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |