Impacts of hearing history, etiology, vestibular and balance function, and socioeconomic marginalization on developmental outcomes in children with cochlear implants
Melissa Hazen, Sharon L Cushing, Karen A Gordon · 2026
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Description
Melissa Hazen, Sharon L Cushing, and Karen A Gordon published a 2026 developmental study of children with cochlear implants in both ears. Ninety-six children aged about five to eighteen took part, sixty-six implant users and thirty peers with typical hearing. Standard tests measured language, working memory, reading, and math, while statistical modeling weighed hearing history, cause of deafness, balance function, and social disadvantage.
Implant users scored lower than peers on language, visual-spatial memory, math, and word reading. Balance and vestibular function were also clearly impaired in the implant group, though balance did not predict school outcomes. Only the richness of a child's auditory experience predicted results across every domain. Gaps ran deepest for children whose deafness came from congenital cytomegalovirus, inner ear malformations, or genetic causes, arguing for cause-aware, multidisciplinary support.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Melissa Hazen, Sharon L Cushing, Karen A Gordon |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 37 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |