Dose-dependent hormone actions at estrogen receptor enhancers specify distinct molecular and biological outcomes
Hyung Bum Kim, Tulip Nandu, Yoon Jung Kim, Cristel V. Camacho, W. Lee Kraus · 2026
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Description
Hyung Bum Kim and colleagues show in 2026 that estrogen dose rewrites which gene switches the hormone turns on in breast cells. Most lab studies flood cells with hormone at levels far above what women carry in blood. Their tests spanned doses from true body levels up to drug-like levels, a million-fold range.
Switches formed at low doses sat in open DNA regions pre-marked by a partner protein and clustered inside shared neighborhoods. Those switches drove growth genes and produced special regulatory RNAs with their own control motifs. High doses built a different set of switches with different helper proteins. Tumors from patients who respond poorly to hormone-blocking drugs show raised low-dose switch use, hinting that faint hormone traces keep them growing.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Hyung Bum Kim, Tulip Nandu, Yoon Jung Kim, Cristel V. Camacho, W. Lee Kraus |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 90 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |