Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs
Jordan Mazzola, Manuela Rosenfeld, Matthew Tucker, Jackson Wezeman, Warren Ladiges, Gerald Liao · 2026
Read Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs by Jordan Mazzola, Manuela Rosenfeld, Matthew Tucker, Jackson Wezeman, Warren Ladiges, Gerald Liao (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13232416.txt.
Description
Jordan Mazzola and colleagues test in 2026 a copper peptide in aging mice, comparing a belly injection route with a nose route. The peptide, GHK-Cu, occurs naturally in the body and fades with age, while supporting repair and calm inflammation. Middle-aged mice near two years old received either five days of injections or eight weeks of nasal dosing.
Nasal dosing improved maze escape learning in both sexes across later trials, while injections helped males only briefly. Gene activity in the memory center split sharply by route, with nasal dosing quieting growth and energy pathways. Injections instead switched on repair and stress response programs. Better learning can arise from opposite cell states, so dose route and length shape any future therapy plan.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Jordan Mazzola, Manuela Rosenfeld, Matthew Tucker, Jackson Wezeman, Warren Ladiges, Gerald Liao |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 22 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |