Phosphorylated toll-like receptor 4 defines a high-risk sepsis endotype
Madita Mühlhaus, Birte Dyck, Andrea Witowski, Matthias Unterberg, Alexander Wolf, Helge Haberl, Alexander von Busch, Dominik Ziehe, Patrick Thon, Lars Palmowski, Britta Westhus, Stefan Felix Ehrentraut, Thilo Bracht, Malte Bayer, Barbara Sitek, Katrin Marcus, Martin Eisenacher, Björn Ellger, Frank W · 2026
Read Phosphorylated toll-like receptor 4 defines a high-risk sepsis endotype by Madita Mühlhaus, Birte Dyck, Andrea Witowski, Matthias Unterberg, Alexander Wolf, Helge Haberl, Alexander von Busch, Dominik Ziehe, Patrick Thon, Lars Palmowski, Britta Westhus, Stefan Felix Ehrentraut, Thilo Bracht, Malte Bayer, Barbara Sitek, Katrin Marcus, Martin Eisenacher, Björn Ellger, Frank W (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13227810.txt.
Description
Madita Mühlhaus and a German research network measure a 2026 sepsis signal inside patients' blood cells: activation of toll-like receptor 4, the sensor that detects bacterial toxins and fires inflammation. Drugs blocking this receptor helped animals but failed in human trials, raising the question of whether the receptor is even active in most patients. Blood samples from one hundred sepsis patients were tested on day one and day four with a sensitive proximity assay.
Overall activation was strikingly low, usually under one signal per cell. A minority subgroup, though, showed clearly raised activation, and those patients died at significantly higher rates within thirty days at both time points. The link held after adjusting for severity, age, infection site, and sex, defining a high-risk subtype.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Madita Mühlhaus, Birte Dyck, Andrea Witowski, Matthias Unterberg, Alexander Wolf, Helge Haberl, Alexander von Busch, Dominik Ziehe, Patrick Thon, Lars Palmowski, Britta Westhus, Stefan Felix Ehrentraut, Thilo Bracht, Malte Bayer, Barbara Sitek, Katrin Marcus, Martin Eisenacher, Björn Ellger, Frank W |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 50 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |