Public perceptions and willingness-to-pay regarding over-the-counter (OTC) naloxone: A national cross-sectional survey informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior
Autumn Randles, Emma Tidmore, Kathlyn Smith, Melissa Sanders, Asia White, Allison Given, Amelia Unione Contreras, Alex Rodriguez-Ramos, Cameron Carter, Anne Taylor, Nicholas McCormick, Brandy Davis, Lindsey Hohmann · 2026
Read Public perceptions and willingness-to-pay regarding over-the-counter (OTC) naloxone: A national cross-sectional survey informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior by Autumn Randles, Emma Tidmore, Kathlyn Smith, Melissa Sanders, Asia White, Allison Given, Amelia Unione Contreras, Alex Rodriguez-Ramos, Cameron Carter, Anne Taylor, Nicholas McCormick, Brandy Davis, Lindsey Hohmann (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13226220.txt.
Description
Autumn Randles and twelve colleagues published a national survey in two thousand twenty-six on over-the-counter naloxone in the United States. Naloxone nasal spray reverses opioid overdoses and is now sold without prescription. Little was known about whether the public understands it or would buy it.
An online survey reached two hundred ninety-nine adults in autumn two thousand twenty-three. Only about a third had heard of the spray. On average people said they would pay about twenty-seven dollars for it. Adults with chronic pain reported easier pharmacy access, more comfort using it, and stronger buying intent. Those touched by substance use disorder also viewed it more warmly. The authors frame the results with a theory of planned behaviour.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Autumn Randles, Emma Tidmore, Kathlyn Smith, Melissa Sanders, Asia White, Allison Given, Amelia Unione Contreras, Alex Rodriguez-Ramos, Cameron Carter, Anne Taylor, Nicholas McCormick, Brandy Davis, Lindsey Hohmann |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 69 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |