Breaking the serologic rule: chronic hepatitis B with simultaneous HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity—a case report
Ghada Mohamed Balah, Mohammed Salmen Bazuqamah, Eslam Ahmed Helal, Mohammad Aly Moharram, Hend Masoud Masoud, Amira Abdelfatah Soliman, Ali Ismail Yahya · 2026
Read Breaking the serologic rule: chronic hepatitis B with simultaneous HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity—a case report by Ghada Mohamed Balah, Mohammed Salmen Bazuqamah, Eslam Ahmed Helal, Mohammad Aly Moharram, Hend Masoud Masoud, Amira Abdelfatah Soliman, Ali Ismail Yahya (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13220585.txt.
Description
Ghada Mohamed Balah and co-authors report a hepatitis B case that breaks the textbook rule, in this 2026 case report. Normally the surface antigen in blood means active infection, while antibodies to it mean the virus was cleared or a vaccine worked. Finding both at once is rare and can mislead clinicians into doubting the lab. Yet the pairing is real, and it carries its own risks.
The patient lives with chronic infection despite showing the antibody that usually spells immunity. The authors review how this state arises and why it still threatens the liver with scarring and cancer. More than two hundred fifty million people carry this virus worldwide, so even rare patterns matter at scale. The case urges clinicians to read odd marker pairs carefully rather than dismiss them as errors.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Ghada Mohamed Balah, Mohammed Salmen Bazuqamah, Eslam Ahmed Helal, Mohammad Aly Moharram, Hend Masoud Masoud, Amira Abdelfatah Soliman, Ali Ismail Yahya |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 22 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |