The Shifting Landscape of HIV–Tuberculosis Co-Infection in the MENA Region with a Focus on Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Epidemiological Analysis over Three Decades
Zikria Saleem, Masaad Saeed Almutairi, Huda Arooj, Faris S. Alnezary · 2026
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Description
Zikria Saleem and co-authors track how HIV and tuberculosis, or TB, have overlapped across the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2023. Their 2026 study gives most weight to Saudi Arabia and uses the wider region as a point of comparison. It sorts cases into drug-susceptible TB and two drug-resistant forms, called MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
Working from Global Burden of Disease 2023 estimates, the authors chart age-adjusted rates of illness burden and new cases. They use Joinpoint regression to measure how fast trends rose or fell each year. The main pattern is a rise through the 1990s and early 2000s, then a clear fall by 2023. The authors read that fall, strongest for drug-susceptible TB, as real progress in TB control and HIV care. The resistant forms rose early and then leveled off or eased only slowly.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Zikria Saleem, Masaad Saeed Almutairi, Huda Arooj, Faris S. Alnezary |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 37 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |