Executive Function from Observation and Reflection Tool (EFFORT): Validation of a Culturally Adaptable and Publicly Available Item Bank in Seven Countries
Jelena Obradović, Ishita Ahmed, Mateus Mazzaferro, Michael J. Sulik, Dana C. McCoy, Sharon Wolf, Catherine E. Draper, Nikhit D’Sa, Steven J. Howard, Sebastián Lipina, Kavindya Thennakoon, Erfan Ghalibaf · 2026
Read Executive Function from Observation and Reflection Tool (EFFORT): Validation of a Culturally Adaptable and Publicly Available Item Bank in Seven Countries by Jelena Obradović, Ishita Ahmed, Mateus Mazzaferro, Michael J. Sulik, Dana C. McCoy, Sharon Wolf, Catherine E. Draper, Nikhit D’Sa, Steven J. Howard, Sebastián Lipina, Kavindya Thennakoon, Erfan Ghalibaf (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13203204.txt.
Description
How a child plans, focuses, and shifts gears — executive function — is usually judged by adults who watch them daily. Jelena Obradović and co-authors validate a free tool for those judgments in this 2026 study. Their item bank, EFFORT, holds thirty-two parallel items for caregivers and teachers. Six domains are covered, from sustained attention to planning.
Ten more items let assessors report after a structured session. The bank is open-source and built to adapt across cultures. Validation ran in seven countries, from Argentina to Australia. Adult-report scales often miss local context, the authors note. A culturally adaptable bank could make early screening fairer worldwide.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Jelena Obradović, Ishita Ahmed, Mateus Mazzaferro, Michael J. Sulik, Dana C. McCoy, Sharon Wolf, Catherine E. Draper, Nikhit D’Sa, Steven J. Howard, Sebastián Lipina, Kavindya Thennakoon, Erfan Ghalibaf |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 90 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |