IL-1β Pathway Inhibition in Asthma and COPD: Strong Biological Rationale, Disappointing Clinical Trials, and Emerging New Opportunities
Mario Cazzola, Clive P. Page, Maria Gabriella Matera · 2026
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Description
Mario Cazzola, Clive Page, and Maria Matera review a frustrating drug target in airway disease in a 2026 paper. An innate immune signal drives inflammation in asthma and COPD. Its levels track neutrophil activity, flare frequency, and steroid resistance. Blocking it looked biologically obvious for years.
Trials of blockade and neutralization disappointed in most patients, though. Disease variety diluted the enrolled populations. No biomarker sorting guided who received the drugs. Backup inflammatory pathways compensated for the blocked one. Timing may also have missed the signal's active windows. The review catalogs these failure explanations carefully. New chances come from precision strategies instead. Enrichment by biomarker and upstream switch blocking lead the list. Combination targeting and airway-local delivery also feature. Trials should adapt designs to defined biological subgroups. The authors keep the target alive, with conditions.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Mario Cazzola, Clive P. Page, Maria Gabriella Matera |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 48 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |